Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 15 October 1936 — Page 10

ext of

President Roosevelt's

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By United Press text of President Rqgsevelt's - speech here last night follows: Four years ago I dropped into this city from the airways—an old friend come in a new way—to accept in this hall the nomination for the presidency of the United States. I came to a Chicago fighting with its back to the wall—factories closed, markets silent, banks shaky, ships and trains empty. Today those factories sing the song of industry—markets hum with bustling movement, banks are secure, ships and trains are running full. Once again it is Chicago as Carl Sandburg saw it—“the city of the big shoulders”—the city that smiles. And with Chicago a whole nation 'that had not been cheerful for years is full of cheer once more. On this trip through the nation I have talked to farmers, I have talked to miners, I have talked to industrial workers—and in all that I have seen and heard one fact bas been as clear as crystal—that they are part and parcel of a rounded whole and that none of them can succeed in their chosen occupations if those in the other occupations fail in their prosperity. I have driven home that point. Tonight I give the same message to the business men of America—Lo those who make and sell the processed goods the nation uses and to the men and women who work for them. To them I say: Do you have a deposit in the bank? It is safer today than it has ever been in our history. It is guaranteed. Last October 1 marked the end of the first full year in 55 years without a single failure of a national bank in the United’ States. Isn't that on the credit side of the government's account with you? Are you an investor? Your stocks and bonds are up to five and sixyear high levels.

INCOMES ARE BETTER

Are you a merchant? Your markets have the precious life-blood of purchasing power. Your customers on the farms have better in-

comes and smaller debts. Your customers in the cities have more jobs, surer jobs, better jobs. Didn’t your government have something to do with that? Are you in industry? Industrial earnings, industrial profits are the highest in four, six, or even seven years! Bankruptcies are at a new low. Your government takes some credit for that. Are you in railroads? Freight loadings are steadily going up. Passenger receipts are steadily going up —have in some cases doubled—because your government made the railroads cut rates and make money. Are you a middleman in the great stream of farm products? The meat and grain that move through your yards and elevators have a steadier supply, a steadier demand and steadier prices than you have known for years. And your government is trying to keep it that way. Some people say that all this recovery has just happened. But in a complicated modern world ‘recoveries from depressions do not just happen, The years from 1929 to 1933 when we waited for recovery just to happen, prove the point. * But in 1933 we did not wait. We acted. Behind the growing recovery of today is a story of deliberate government acceptance of responsibility to save business—to save the American system of private enterprise and economic democracy — a record unequaled by any government in history. What had the previous Administration in Washington done for four years? Nothing. Why? For a very fundamental reason. That Administration was not industrially mind- * ed—nor agriculturally minded—nor business-minded.

FINANCE-MINDED

It was high-finance-minded— manned and controlled by a handful of men who in turn controlled, and by one financial device or an-

other took their toll from the greater part of all other business and industry. Let me make one simple statement. When I refer to high finance I am not talking about all great bankers, or all great corporation executives, or all multimillionaires— any more than Theodore Roosevelt, in using the term *“malefactors of great wealth,” implied that all men of great wealth were “malefactors.” I do not even imply that the majority of them are bad citizens. The opposite is true. Just in the same way, the overwhelming majority of business men in this country are good citizens and the proportion of those who are not is probably about the same proportion as in the other occupations and professions of life.

When I speak of high finance _< 8s a harmful factor in recent years, I am speaking about a minority which includes the type of individual who speculates with other people’s money—and you in Chicago know the kind I refer to —and also the type of individual ‘who says that popular government ‘can not be trusted and, therefore, that the control of business of all kinds—and, indeed, of government itself — should be vested in the ‘hands of 100 or 200 all-wise individuals controllin: the pursestrings of the nation. High finance of this type refused to permit government credit to go

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; directly to the industrialist, to the business man, to the home owner, to the farmer. They wanted it to trickle down from the top, through the intricate arrangements which they controlled and by which they were able to levy tribute on every business in the land. They did not want interest rates to be reduced by the use of government funds—for that would affect the rate of interest which they themselves wanted to charge. They did not want government supervision over financial markets through which they manipulated monopolies with other money.

people's

GOVERNMENT INACTIVE

And in the face of their demands that government do nothing that they called “unsound,” the government, hypnotized by its indebtedness to them, stood by and let the depression drive industry and business toward bankruptcy.

America is an economic unit. New means and methods of transportation and cdommuniciation have made us economically as well as politically a single nation. Because kidnapers and bank robbers could in a high-powered car speed across state lines it became necessary, in order to protect our people, to invoke the power ot the Federal government.

In the same way speculators and manipulators from across state lines, and regardless of state laws, have lured the unsuspecting and the unwary to financial destruction. In the same way across state lines, there have been built up intricatz corporate structures, piling bond upon stock and stock upon bond— huge monopolies which were stifling independent business and private enterprise. There was no power under Heaven that could protect the people against that sort of thing except a people’s government at Washington. All that this Administration has done, all that it proposes to do—and this it does propose to do—is to use every power and authority of the Federal government to protect the commerce of America from the selfish forces which ruined it.

Always, month in and month out,

their

during these three and a half years, your governwent has had but one sign on its desk—“Seek only the greater good of the grater number of Americans.” And in appraising the record, remember two things. First, this Administration was called upon to act after a previous Administration and all the combined forces of private enterprise had failed. Secondly, in spite of all the demand for speed, the compiexity of the problem and all the vast sums of money involved, we have had no Teapot Dome. : : We found when we came to Washington in 1933 that the business and industry of the nation were like a train which had gone off the rails into a ditch. Our first job was to get it out of the ditch and start it up the track

.| again as far as the shops. Our next

job was to repair it—the broken axles which had gotten it off th= road, the engine which had been worn down by gross misuse.

STOPPED DEFLATION

What was it that the average business man wanted government (0 do for him-—to do immediately in 1933? 1. Stop deflation and prices—and we did it. 2, Increase the purchasing power of his customers who were industrial workers in the cities—and we did it. 3. Increase the purchasing power of his customers on the farms—and we did it.

4. Decrease interest rates, power rates and transportation rates—angd we did it. 5. Protect him from the losses due to crime, bank robbers,. kidnapers, blackmailers—and we did it. How did we do it? By a sound monetary policy which raised prices. By reorganizing the banks of the nation and insuring their deposits. By bringing the business men of the nation together and encouraging

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them to pay higher wages, to shorten working hours, and to discourage that minority among their own members who were engaging in unfair competition and unethical practices

Through the AAA, through our cattle buying program, through our program of drought relief and flood relief, through the Farm Credit Administration, we raised the income of the customers of business who lived on the farms. By our program to provide work for the unemployed, by our CCC camps, and other measures, great-

er purchasing power was given to those who lived in our cities.

Money began going round again. The dollars paid out by government were spent in the stores and shops of the nation; and spent again to the wholesaler; and spent again to the factory; and spent again to the wage earner, and then spent again in another store and shop.

The wheels of business began to turn again; the train was back on the rails. Mind you, it did not get out of the ditch itself, it was hauled out by your government. And we hauled it along the road. PWA, WPA, both provided normal and useful employment for hundreds of thousands of workers. Hundreds of millions of dollars got into circulation when we liquidated the assets of closed banks through the Reconstruction Finance Corp. Millions more when we lent money for home building and home financing through the Federal housing pro-

loans and grants to enable municipalities to build needed improve-

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EASIER TO GET CREDIT

But as far as business goes, it can be measured in terms of sales made and goods moving. The train of American business is moving ahead. But you people know what I mean when I say it was clear that if the train is to. run smootiily again ‘the cars will have to be We have made a definite start in getting the train loaded more evenly, in order that axles may not break again. For example, we have provided a sounder and cheaper money market and a sound banking and securities system. You business men know how much legitimate business you lost because your customers were robbed by fake securities or impoverished by shaky banks.

By our monetary policy we have kept prices up and lightened the burden of debt. It is easier to get credit. It is easier to repay. We have encouraged cheaper power for the small factory owner to lower his cost of production. We have given the business man cheaper transportation rates. But, above all, we have fought to break the deadly grip which

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ORIGINAL

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spread poverty and concentrated wealth can not long endure side by side in a democracy.”

Our job was to preserve the American ideal of economic as well as political democracy, against the abuse of concentration of economic power that had been insidiously growing up among us in the last fifty years, particularly during the 12 years of preceding administrations. Free economic enterprise was being weeded out at an alarming pace. During those years of false prosperity and during the more recent years of exhausting depression, one business after another, one small corporation after another, their resources depleted, had failed or had fallen into the lap of a bigger competitor. A dangerous thing was happening. Half of the industrial Rp . ate wealth of the country had come under the control of less than 200 huge corporations. nat is not all. These huge corporations in some cases did not even try to compete with each other. They themselves were tied to-

This concentration of wealth and power has been built upon other people's money, other people's business, other people's labor. Under this concentration independent business was allowed to exist only by sufferance. It has been a menace to the social system as well as the economic system which we call American democracy.

FOR PRIVATE ENTERPRISE

There is no excuse for it in the cold terms of industrial efficiency. There is no excuse for it from the point of view of the average investor. There is no excuse for it from the point of view of the independent business man. I believe, I have always believed, and I will always believe in private enterprise as the backbone of economic well-being in America. But I know and you know, and every independent business man

who has had to struggle against|-

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of private government which is a power unto itself —a regimentation of other people’s money and other people's lives. Back in Kansas I spoke about bogeymen and fairy tales which the

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