Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 2 October 1936 — Page 16

Complete Text of President Roose

elt’s

Talk at

nited Press PITTSBURGH, Pa., Oct. 2. i text of President Roosewvelt’s address here last night

A baseball park is a good place talk about box scores. Tonight am going to talk to you about the score of the government of the United States. ; I am going to tell you the story of our fight to beat down the de- ~ pression and win recovery. From where I stand it looks as though the game is pretty well in the bag. I am convinced that when government finance or any other finance is honest—and when all the

cards are on the table—there are.

no higher mathematics about it. It 45 just plain, scoreboard arithmetic. ‘When the present management of your team took charge, the national scoreboard looked pretty bad. In fact, it looked so much like a shutout that you voted a change of management in order to give the country a chance to win the game. And today we are winning it. When the new management came to Washington, we began to make our plans—plans to meet the immediate crisis—and plans that would carry the people of the country back to decent prosperity. ~ We saw the millions out of work, ~ the business concerns running in the red, the banks closing. Our national income had declined 2ver 50 per cent—and, what was worse, it showed no prospect of recuperating by itself. By national income I mean the total of all income of all the 125,000,000 people in this country—the total of all the pay envelopes, all the farm sales, all the profits of all the businesses, of all the. individuals and corporations in America.

INCOME DECLINED

During the four lean years before this Administration took office, that national income had declined from $81,000,000,000 a year to $38,000,000,000 a year—in short, you and I—all of us together—were making 8$43.000,000,000 less in 1932 than we made in 1929. | Now, the rise and fall of national income—since it tells the story of how much you and I and everybody else are making—is an index of the rise and fall of national prosperity of the government. | The money to run the government comes from taxes; and the tax revenue in turn depends for its size on the size of the national {income. When incomes and . values and transactions are on the downgrade, then tax receipts go on the down-grade too. ! If the national income continues to decline then the govern- - ment can not run without going into the red. The only way to keep a government out of the red "is to keep the people out of the red. We had to balance the budget of the American people before we could balance the budget . of the national government. That makes common doesn't it? The box score when the Democratic Administration came to bat in 1933 showed a net deficit in our naticnal accounts of about $3,000,000,000, accumulated in the three previous years. National income was in a downward spiral. Federal government revenues were in a downward spiral. To pile on vast new taxes would get us nowhere because values were going down.

Sense,

HELPED UNEMPLOYED

On top of having to meet the or- . dinary expenses of government, I recognized the obligation of the Federal government to feed and take care of the growing army of homeless and destitute unemployed. Something had to be done. A na“tional choice had to be made. We could be one of two things. Some people—who sat across my desk in those days—urged me to let nature take its course, and continue a pol-

icy of doing nothing. I rejected that

advice, Nature was in an angry mood. ; To have accepied this advice would have meant a continued wiping out of people of small ‘means—the continued loss of their homes and farms and small businesses into the~hands of people who still had enough capital left to pick up those homes and farms

and businesses at sankreptey prices.

It would have meant, in a very short time, the loss of all the resources of a multitude of individuals and families and small corporations. You would have Seen a concentration of property ownership in the hands of 1 or 2 per cent of the population, a concentration unequaled in any nation since the days of the later Roman empire.

And so the program of this Administration has protected the small business, the small corporation, the small shop from the wave of deflation which threatened them. We realized then, as we do now, that the vast army of small business men, factory owners and shop owners form the backbone—together with our farmers and workers—of the industrial life of America. In our long-range plan we recognized that the prosperity of America depended upon, and would continue

to depend upon, the prosperity of |

them all. 1 rejected that advice for an additional reason. I had promised, and my Administration was determined, to keep the people of the United States from starvation.

FOUGHT STARVATION

I refused to leave human needs solely in the hands of local communities—local communities which themselves were almost bankrupt. To have accepted that advice would have been to offer bread lines again to the American people, knowing this time that in many places the lines would last far longer than the bread. In those dark days, between us and a balanced budget, stood millions of needy Americans, denied the promise of an American life. To balance our budget in 1933 or 1934 or 1935 would have been a crime against the American people. To do so we would either

| have had to make a capital levy

that would have been confiscatory, or we would have had to set our face against human suffering with callous indifference. When Americans suffered, we refused to pass by on the other side. Humanity came first. No one lightly lays a burden ¢n the income of a nation. But this vicious tightening circle of our declining national income simply had to be broken. The bankers and the industrialists of the nation cried aloud that private business was po erless to break it. i They turned, as they had a right to turn, to the government. Ve accepted the final responsibility of government, after all else had failed, to spend money when no one else had money left to spend. | I adopted, therefore, the other glternative. I cast aside a do-nothin or a wait-and-see policy. | As a first step in our program we had to stop the quick spiral of deflation and decline in the national income. Having stopped them, we went on to restore purchasing power, to raise values, and to start the national income upward.

= {

‘REVERSED OLD POLICY

In 1933 we reversed the policy lof the previous Administration. For the first time since the depression ypu’ had a Congress and an Administration in Washington which had the courage to provide the necessary resources which private interests no longer had or no longer dared to risk. This cost money. We knew in March, 1933, that it would zost money. We knew that it would cost money for several years to coma. The people themselves understood that in 1933. They understood it in 1934 when they gave the Administration a full indorsement . of its policy. They knew in 1935, and they know in 1936, that the plan is working. Now let us look at the cost. Since we could not get the money by taxes we borrowed it, and increased the public debt. : President - Hoover's Administration increased the national debt in .the net amount of over three billion dollars in three depression years and there was little to show for it. My Administration has increased the national debt in the if Excess Acldity Has Caused

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net amount of about eight billion dollars and {liere is much to show for it. Put that fizure of eight billions out here on the scoreboard and let me tell you where the dollars went Over 2 billion and a half went for the payment of the World War veterans’ bonis this year instead of in 1945. Tha: payment is now out of the way, and is no longer a future obligation of ihe government. As for the other six and a half billions of the deficit, we didn’t just spend money---we spent it for something. America got something for what we spent—conservation of human resources through CCC camps and work relief; conservation of natural resources of water, soil and forest: billions for security and 2a better life. While many who criticise today were selling America short, we were investing in the future of America.

COMPARE? EXPENDITURES

Contrast these expenditures and what we got for them with certain other exnendiiures of the American people in the years ‘between 1920 and 1930. During thal period not merely eight billions, but many more billions came out of American pockets and were sen: abroad—to foreign countries where the money - was used for increasing foreign armaments, for building foreign factories to compete with us, for building foreign model dwellings, swimming pools and slaughter houses, for giving employment to the foreign unemployed—foreign boondoggling, if you will. ] Those dollars were just as good American money—just as hardearned—just as much the reward of our thrift—as the dollars we have spent af home giving work to the unemployed. Most of those dollars sent abroad ars gone for good. Those billions, lost to us under previous Administrations, do not include the otlier billions loaned by the United Stites to foreign governments during and immediately after the war. : I ask youn fhe simple question: Hasn't it been a sounder investment for us during these past three vears to spend $8,000,000,000 for American industry, American farms. American homes and the care of American citizens?

ASSETS ARE HIGHER

I have used the figure of $8,000,000,000 as representing the net increase in our rational debt. Immediately people will rush into print or run to the microphone to- tell you that my arithmetic is all wrong. They will tell you that the increase in {he national debt is $13,000.000,000 instead of $8,000,000,-

Iy just as correct as if some one were ino try to scare you about the condition of vouf bank by telling you of its lighilities and not telling

000. That is technically and fmoral- |}

America has been cheap at thai price? It was more than defense— it was more than rescue. It was an in the future of

record. It is proof that the program has worked. : Compare. the score board which you have in Pittsburgh now with the score board which you had when I stood here at second base in this field four years ago. At that time, as I drove through these great valleys, I could see mile after mile of this greatest mill and factory area in the world, a dead panorama of silent black structures and smokeless stacks. 1 saw idleness and hunger instead of the whirl of machinery. Today as I came north from West Virginia, 1 saw mines operating, I found bustle and life, the hiss of steam, the ring of steel on steel—the roaring song of industry.

‘DEFICIT DEALING’

And now a word as to this foolish fear about the crushing load the debt will impose upon your children and mine. This debt is not going to be paid by oppressive taxation on future generations. It is not going to be paid by taking away the hard won savings of the

present generation. It is going to bes paid out of an increased national income and increased individual income produced by increasing national prosperity. The deficit of the national government has been steadily declining for three years running, although technically this year, it did not decline, because we paid the bonus this year instead of in 1945. Without the bonus the deficit would have declined this year. The truth is that we are doing better than we anticipated in 1933. The national income has gone up faster than we dared then to hope. Deficits have been less than we expected. Treasury receipts are increasing. The national income was $38,000,000,000 in 1932. In 1935 it was $53,000,000,000 and this year it will be well over $60,000,000,000. If it keeps on rising at the present rate —as I am confident that it will— the receipts within a year or two will be sufficient to care for all or-

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people here in Pennsylvania that | none of your bank deposits or in-! surance policies are sound. When you are told that the United States: Treasury has $13.-

had in 1933, you should also be told that it has $6,(:00,000,000 of increased assets to set off against these liapilities. 2 In three years our net national debt has increased $8,000,000,000. But in two years of the late war if increased as much as $25,000,000,000. National defense and the future of America were involved in 1917. National defense and the future of Anierica were involved in 1933. Don’t vou believe that the saving of

That is technically and morally | § Just a: correct as telling you good §¥

000,000,000 more of liabilities than it | //&

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Times Special DANVILLE, Ind. Oct. 2.—For the first time in 50 years, the Indiana Academy of Science is to meet at Central Normal College here Nov. 5, 8 and 7. This meeting is the largest science meeting in the state and all fields of science are repre-

sented.

The academy is comprised of a number of sections: Physics, chemistry, ‘biology, botany, geology, mathematics, psychology and archaeology. Each of these sections holds separate meetings and the entire academy holds joint meetings. Papers are tQ be read on scientific research and investigations. The state assists in the publication of the proceedings of the academy. The executive council of the academy is to meet Thursday evening. Sectional meetings are to be held all day Friday. The president's address is to be given at the annual banquet on Friday evening. The Junior Academies are to meet Saturday morning. Directs Program Dean Leslie Steinbach is chairman of the program committee, assisted by Prof. J. C. Nelson, Washington High School, Indianapolis, and Prof. J. E. Williams, Middletown, in addition to a local committee at the college, Academy officers are: President, Ray C. Friesner, Butler University: vice president. Edward Kintner, Manchester College, North Manchester; secretary, Louis A. Test, Purdue University; program committee chairman, Leslie I. Steinbach, Central Normal College; treasurer, W. P. Morgan, Indiana Central College; editor, Paul Weathermax, Indiana University press secretary, T. R. Johnston, Purdue.

government—in other words, balance the annual budget. The government of this great nation, solvent, sound in -credit, is coming through a crisis as grave as war without having sacrificed American democracy or the ideals of American life.

Roosevelt's Jersey City Talk

By United Press * | JERSEY CITY, Oct. 2—The text! of President Roosevelt's speech de- | livered today at the Jersey City Medical Center follows: 3 It is a privilege to take part in the

dedication of this medical center—'g

the third largest medical institutional group in the United States. I am happy, too, that the Federal government, through its public works expenditures, has been able to be of assistance to the municipal governmens of Jersey City and to Hudson County in making this center possible. As a matter of fact, the expenditures through the Public Works Administration are increasing the capacity of American hospitals by nearly 50,000 beds. During the depression the difficulty of obtaining funds through municipal or private sources would have meant a serious shortage in caring for patients and in giving them adequate facilities had it not been for Federal assistance through loans and grants.

ANOTHER REASON

But there is another reason for increasing the bed capacity of the hospitals of the country. The medi‘cal and nursing professions are right in telling us that we must do more

to help the small income families in times of sickness.

Let me with great sincerity give the praise which is due to the doctors of the nation for all that they have ‘done during the depression, often at great sacrifice, in maintain-

ing the standards of care for the sick and in devoting themselves without reservation to the high ideals of their profession. -

The medical profession can rest assured that the Federal Administration contemplates no action detrimental to their interests. The action taken in the field of health as shown by the nrovisions of the splendid social security act recently enacted is clear. There are four provisions in the social security act which deal with health; and these provisions received the support of outstanding doctors during the hearings before the Congress. The American Medical Association, the American Public Health Association and the State

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and Territorial Health Officers Conference came out in full support of the public health provisions. The American Child Health Association and the Child Welfare League indorsed the maternal and child health provisions.

“PUBLIC BACKS PROGRAM”

This in itself assures that the

health plans will be carried out in a manner compatible with our traditional social and political institutions. Let me make that point very

clear. All states and territories are |

now co-operating with the Public Health Service. All states except one are co-operating in maternal

and child health zervice; all states |

but 10 in service to crippled chil-

dren and all states but nine in child welfare.

Public support is behind this program. But let me stress, in addition, that the act contains every precaution for insuring the continued support and co-opera-tion of the medical professions. In the actual administration of the Social Security Act we count

on the co-operation in the future, as | :

hitherto, of the whole of the medi-

cal profession throughout the coun- :

try. The overwhelming majority of the doctors of the nation want medicine kept out of politics. sions in the past attempts have

been made to put medicine into |® politics. Such attempts have always |.

failed. and always will fail.

Government, state and national, :

will call upon the doctors of the nation for their advice in the days to come. It is many long years ago that

Mayor Hague and I discovered a |!

common interest in the cause of the crippled child. This great medical center is, I know, close to his heart. I congratulate him on the fulfillment of a splendid dream. I congratulate Jersey City and Hudson County on modern facilities sur-

passed by no other community in America.

On occa- |:

NUUP GOAL 1S REACHED Approximately 9838 signed mems bership applications, and more than 50 senior membership pledges were reported when workers in the Y. M. C. A. membership drive closed their campaign last night with their goal of 1000 achieved. ; Reporting 179 memberships for a total of 10,180 points, the “Packers Gully Ranch,” headed by Jesse A.

Shearer and William Smith, led all

other ranches in the roundup. The high team in the ranch was com- | posed of E. H. Schmidt and Bernard i Schlotter, who enrolled 45 members. { All teams were led hy Warren D. Oakes and Frank C. Jordan with ~ 59 members. The boys’ organization will ‘close its drive for 250 new applications Oct. 10.

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