Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 7 July 1936 — Page 13

8

HARRY EMER BARNES

(Substituting for Heywood Broun) EW YORK, July 7.—Once more there is war talk in China. And this time it may develop into something more than talk. China today is faced by a more critical situation than has confronted her at any time

since the famous “Twenty-one Demands” of 1915. It looks very much as though China must now fight or submit to the more or less permanent domination of Japan. The facts are very intelligently . assembled and analyzed by Mr. p— H. J. Timperley in an article en“titled “Must China Fight Japan?” in the current number of “Asia.” In the last five or six years Japan has been, not too slcwly and not too silently, occupying northern China. Now a virtual uitimatum has been embodied in the demands formulated by the Japanese Foreign Minister Hirota. In essence they are as follows: “Firstly, Sino-Japanese cooperation against communism. The effect of this Would Se to Jegaize "in Japanese eyes the sending of Br. Batues Japanese troops to any desired region of China for the ostensible purpose of suppressing communism—a term which undoubtedly would be used to cover everything regarded as antiJapanese. “Secondly, China to abandon her traditional policy of playmg off one power against the other. China would be obliged to agree to have no relations with any outside country except with Japanese consent and possibly under Japanese auspices.: “Thirdly, settlement of outstanding questions between China and Manchukuo and co-operation between China, Japan and Manchukuo in economic . matters. | Probably this would mean the formation of an economic bloc embracing the three countries and the extension of Manchukuan currency southward

" into north China.”

i o » ” Submission or War

HIS Japanese program quite obviously means that China must either be ready to sink to the level of a/ Japanese protectorate or engage in a war of self-defense. Great Britain is too much occupied at present with European and African affairs to call a halt on Japan, and the United States is at present, at least, pursuing an even more definite policy of withdrawal from Far Eastern complications: “Whatever may be the precise status of things at the moment, it is evident that the Hirota program represents the minimum Japanese political objective in China and that not much time will be lost in pushing it through to finality. It is equally apparent that China's future as a political entity in full enjoyment of sovereign rights is gravely menaced and that before the year is out Generalissimo Chiang Kai-Shek will be forced to make a desperate choice. That choice may well lie between accepting on behalf of China the status of a virtual Japanese protectorate or refusing—at the risk of unofficial but none the less disastrous war with Japan.”

2 #2 =

Time Plays a Part

UTURE developments depend to a very large degree upon the policies and decisions of the Chinese generalissimo, Chiang Kai-Shek. It is doubtiul if he will give battle to defend either north China or the Shantung Peninsula. But the best informed observers believe that the Chinese will go to war if the Japanese threaten Nanking or propose to invade - the Yangste Valley. Another element is that of time, The longer Japan delays, the greater the possibility that Chiang will risk a war of self-defense. If China does take a chance on going to war, what prospect has she of success? On paper, China seems at least-to have a gambler’s chance.- A large army is available and passable armament has been assembled. It is a matter chiefly of imponderables, such as discipline, morale and freedom from treachery. These can only be determined by the test of actual

My Day

BY ELEANOR ROOSEVELT ASHINGTON, Monday—We left the Potomac this morning at 9:30. I only had time for a hasty glance at the mail at the White House before I started off to see some of the women’s WPA projects in the District of Columbia. : The case load in the district is still pretty heavy, particularly among the Negro women. I imagine this is due to the fact that when hard times came a few years ago in some of the rural districts, Washington was the nearest city and people came here feeling sure they would find work, and many have found nothing but relier. One perfectly splendid sewing room, which gives work to 1900 women in two shifts, is located in an old church and shows, I think, the ingenuity of women. Space in the District of Columbia was practically impossible to find, and this old church, for which they pay no reni as the land belongs to the city, has become a really adequate sewing room. What interests me most is the people who are carrying on these programs. I have had an opportunity to meet them clear across the continent and their enthusiasm and belief in their work is something really fine to see. It is not the kind of spirit you will find in people who are working just because they make so much money at the end of the week. There is a fire in them, fed, I think, by the feeling that they are really working for better conditions for their fellow human beings. A few friends for lunch, and a visit to the Resettlement Division's special skills department, a most interesting branch of their big program. From them came my portfolio of photographs which will, in the future, I think, be a record of American citizens in different parts of the country. It shows what they have done, with the help of their government, to pull themselves out of impossible conditions. I have just had a brief call from the national Democratic - committeewoman from Colorado, Mrs, Hilliard, bearing an invitation from the Janes Jefterson Democratic Club to come to Colorado with my

husband. (Copyrgnt 1936, by United Feature Syndicate, Inc.)

New Books

THE PUBLIC LIBRARY PRESENTS—

this challenge to the young people of America, such outstanding thinkers as James Truslow Adams, Walter Lippman and others describe in no

Unemployment, starvation, disease, crime — all | these exist in our country by the side of the most

Eee Oe. _ [Saks cobras. determination and vision; .

DE whe. wei Ure mosoge of tal

TUESDAY, JULY. 7, 1936

Entered as Second-Class Matter at Postoffice, Indianapolis, Ind.

.

INDIANA DISCOVERS ‘HER PARKS Original Appearance of Spring Mill, Early Hoosier Village, Resturiil

(The sixth of a series.) BY TRISTRAM COFFIN “HE physical remnants of a civilization long since passed into history books stand today in the restoged village of Spring. Mill, in the cavernous re-

gions of Lawrence County.

Time has not moved for more than 100 years in the blockhouse, water-powered saw and grist mill, bowling ‘green, residence, tavern, garden and shops. Only 85 miles southwest of Indianapolis on State Road 60, just off State Road 37, Spring Mill 1s now a 1197-acre state park. Near the village are the underground caves where blind fish were studied. Eventually, the State Conservation Department hopes to have the village completely restored with church, school and other pioneer buildings.

” » ”

HE War of 1812 had not yet closed when Ensign Samuel Jackson Jr. a Canadian wounded in the American cause, pushed his way into the wilderness of Indian country and settled in what is now Spring Mill to recover his health and fortune. With his family, Jackson built a small house in Spring Mill Valley, set up a small log grist mill near the mouth of Hamer’s Cave and began to trade with the few families in the vicinity. In the Spring Mill area were a few small settlements of frontiersmen from Virginia and North Carolina who followed Daniel Boone into the West. The flavor of their lives and customs remains in Spring Mill State Park. Tiring of the lonely life of r'»neer hardships, Jackson deeaed his Indiana property to Cuthbert and Thomas Bullitt, “merchants of Louisville” in 1817. 2 2 2 HE Bullitts developed the little community into a center of industry, a position it held un-. til long after the Civil War. They opened up roads for stagecoach and post riders and established the postoffice under the village name of Arcole, the old name for Spring Mill. As the first unit of their industrial village, the merchants built the three-story stone grist-mill that stands today. Each piece of stone was quarried and dressed by hand as were the immense timbers. : The original framing timber was of oak, the floors of ash and the interior of yellow poplar. The doors and casements were of black walnut. In restoring the structure, the state has used only a small portion of new timber. Some of .the original machinery, the cogs and pinions fashioned from hard wood, have been preserved. The Conservation Department intends to restore the orginal industries so that one day the visitor can hear the clank of the loom, the whirr of the spindles and the splash of water of the mill wheel. ” ” 2 HE property passed from the Bullitts to William and Joseph Montgomery, Philadelphia merchants, and then to Col. Hugh Hamer, who made the village a social and political center. It was he who built a schoolhouse and imported a “school marm.”

The old mil! (above) was the center of the bustling industrial village of Spring Mill, Ind, a century ago. The restored pioneer village

is now a sate pafk.

RITES J ios Pl par

51

As the historian reconstructs in his mind the bustling pioneer village, he sees the great residence protected from roving wolves by stone walls and gates, hogs and other farm animals in the streets, the grist-mill convi-

vial group in the tavem, the distillery, the boat yard and other industries and shops. Long before Spring Mill became a village, the few frontiersmen who settled at Maxwell’s Fort and Leesville were terrorized by the Indians. The restored “Granny White” house now stands on the site of the Leesville massacre in which one was killed, one captured and one seriously wounded. Eaten away by. hundreds of years of chemical action are the™ subterranean channels and caves in Spring Mill State Park. The channels, geologists believe, run for miles into Kentucky. The eternal drop of rain water through creviees in the rock to the limestone set up a chemical: action that disintegrated the rock into cave formations.

” 2 »

AWRENCE County has some hundreds of caverns in its boundaries, and the strange Lost River runs through the county. Lost River flows on the surface in some places and then digs into the rock to become a subterran-. ean stream. For 12 years, Dr. Carl H. Eigenmann, a leading authority on the cave vertebrates of North America, studied the blind fish in the underground streams in Donaldson’s Cave. : In geological report of 1873,

Do 61RLS

BENE

IN HELPING _ OHERG IN

THE United States Office of Education and Dr. Harry H. Moore, Bronxville, N. Y., educator, secured answers to questions concerning their desires to uplift and benefit others from over 3000 third and fourth-year high school students and the results showed more girls than boys have ambitions to

desires earlier more of the boys had retained them through high school. = » = ' THAT multitudinous - writer

LET'S EXPLORE YOUR MIND

eee BY DR. ALBERT EDWARD WIGGAM ee _______|

serve others and that these ambi-|' tions develop earlier in their minds. |! While the girls had developed these |!

and thinker, Walter B. Pitkin, | argues that you can. ' The differ-

Fr ool BEING

DISAGREEABLE? YES ORND

KEb AND DISLIKES OF PEOPLE AND THINGS? YES OR NO eee

direction he takes another. “But,” says the professor, “he stops short of the ruthless dominant type.” Mighty sound advice.

5 “x

IN HIS presidential address as president of the American As-

Prof. John Collett said that the discovery of flints, stone axes and bones near the mouth of Donaldson’s Cave indicated prehistoric occupation. Meals are served in the Tavern and picnic and camping areas are provided. The parks as it stands

Looking down the road into Spring Mill (above) the Visitor sees

- several of the restored pioneer buildings.

today includes 188 acres of the

original George Donaldson tract, 539 acres donated by Lawrence County and 295 acres donated by the Lehigh Portland Cement Co.

2 ” ” OING east from Spring Mill State Park across Washington County into Jennings County, the Hoosier traveler will find Muscatatuck State Park on the Muscatatuck River. It is on Roads 3 and 7 near North Vernon, 66 miles southeast of Indianapolis. Muscatatuck, too, was a mill town. There remain today the

moss-covered stones of Vinegar Mill, an old dam and an abandoned quarry. The Muscatatuck River is known throughout southern Indiana for its fine fishing, and many Hoosiers try their luck in the still pools along the river. From the 90-foot tower, the visitor can view the rugged scenery so typical of southern Indiana. The park has picnic and camping grounds, cottages and a hotel, Muscatatuck Inn.

Next: Mounds State Park. and Bass Lake Beach.

LIVING COSTS LOW IN SWEDEN

(This is the second of six dispatches on economic conditions in Sweden.)

BY WILLIAM PHILIP SIMMS Scripps-Howard Foreign Editor

ASHINGTON, July 7.—A doldar will go farther in Sweden than in any other ‘country in northern; central-or westerfi’ ‘Europe. Not our dollar, of course. It suffers on exchange here as well as elsewhere. What I mean is, living is cheaper. Swedes get more for their money.

And the reason is yardsticks. The state, the city and the co-operative groups have set up a measure for almost everything one buys. The masses, therefore, can tell just how much they are being stung when they make a purchase. So the cheats and the chiselers have to look sharp to fool a Swede. There's a yardstick for everything from electric light bulbs and the current required to make them glow, to crackers, fertilizers, bicycle tires and the rental on a two-room fiat. I mean this. I have already described how and why the ‘Swedish government is in the railway, mining, telephone, telegraph, liquor, tobacco, hydro-electric and other businesses. Now let’s have a look at housing. In America we have been talking about slum clearance for the last quarter of a century. In Sweden they don’t just talk—they do it. Some of it is being financed by the government, some by municipalities, some by private or co-opera-tive movements, and some by combinations of these.

| 2 ” ® PPROXIMATELY $100, 000; 000 has gone into such projects in recent years, and the movement

-seems just to be getting into its

stride. And that is a big sum for a small country. Sweden lacks a couple of million people of having the population of greater New York. The government—the state and city—has put up most of this money. But it has cost the taxpayers nothing. The Swedes are a practical, business-like race. Most people, they have found, are reasonably honest and can get along by themselves—provided they have a little help. So the government is merely helping: by lending. About the time, toward the end of the World War, when Americans found themselves sleeping in garrets and cellars, or doubling up, whole families of them, in two or

three rooms because of the housing | -

shortage, the Swedes were suffering the same fate. In Sweden, as in America, there was a sort of landlords’ trust and

Charge ‘Starvation’

By Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance ASHIN!

WwW &TON, July 7—The State of New Jersey today stood accused of “inhuman and cruel

rentals soared. But while little or nothing was done about it in the United States, the hard-headed, sensible Swede got action.

A national organization was formed with a long Scandinavian name. But it went by its initials— H. S. D. It stands for: the Tenants

Savings Bank and Building Sodiety.

This society planned three types of apartment - houses containing ‘flats varying from one room, kitchen and bath, to five rooms, kitchen and bath. The prospective tenant put up 10 per cent of the cost of his flat. The government advanced the balance and the houses sprang up. Tenants have 20 to 30 years in which to pay, in the form of rent. ‘And the payments are much lower than similar flats could be rented for elsewhere. On the cheapest of the flats, no down payments were required. All the state or city did was to investigate the applicant’s character. If he seemed all right he was taken on trust. Almost 100 per cent of this class have paid on the dot.

» » ”

HE city of Stockholm has a ' similar project. By some it is called magic homes. On city-owned land in’ the suburbs, it has staked out lots. On these, workers may build their own homes, under municipal supervision, and municipally financed at a fraction of the normal cost. To get one of these homes all one needs is a good reputation and $80. The city takes care of the rest, the owner, however, doing most of the labor himself. The houses are of the ready-made variety and are comparatively easy to set up. No jerry-built structures are permitted, however. There must be a properly cemented, water-proofed cellar, adequate wiring, heating and plumbing. Everything must conform to Stockholm’s strict building regulations. The total cost is about half what it would be if privately purchased and financed. Stockholm has lost nothing on this venture. Nor have other municipalities which have undertaken similar projects. The city has a

mortgage on the home until paid for and collects a small ground rent. The lots are leased for 50 years and the leases may be renewed if the city has no need for the ground. It is estimated that 25 per cent of the Swedish population lives in

_homes co-operatively built. Nor does this include those who bought into |

so-called co-operative apartment houses privately built for profit.

When President Roosevelt said he intended setting up a hydro-electric ‘power station to serve as a “yardstick” for rates in the United States, he stirred up one of the. biggest hornets’ nests of his Administration. He was dubbed a Red, a Socialist, a regimenter of big business and an imitation dictator. Yet Sweden was well on her way in the yardstick business when President Taft was in the White House and Franklin D. Roosevelt was just a young man up in New York State.

O the Seclee nothing seemed more natural. Rightly or wrongly, they somehow look on the state as their instrument. They believe its duty is to make life more secure, and more worth living for all its citizens, not for just a privileged few. The whole thing is open and above board. No cards are concealed up the government’s sleeve. It pays the regular wages. It takes into account the full commercial value of the enterprise—even if it always

owned the power site, mine or what-

ever it is—writes off depreciation and all the rest of the overhead, then insists on a fair return. The answer is a yardstick. In Sweden the yowler doesn’t get very far. He knows what is being done is fair. He knows that 99 per cent of the public benefits by it. So he makes up his mind to play the game and get his share of the business by giving his customers just as good or better, if he can, for their money. : If he can carry on only by gouging, he is simply out of luck. He folds up.

NEXT—Why Sweden Is Neither Communist, Faseist Nor Nazi

GRIN AND BEAR IT

- a

EW YORK, July 1. iA number of. my, colleagues have created in the last cous

ple of years a new corps of American jours \

nalism, touring the country by flivver, dise guised as the common man, himself, to interview gas station keepers, hamburger venders and the proprietors of tourist camps on the state of the nation. The cracker barrel of the nineties is gone, but its place has been taken by the

gas pump, the charcoal broiler and the beer table under the trees. To these sophisticated commons

- the search for truth has been di-

rected in a pardonable belief that the real American may be surprised at ease and gently drawn out on a variety of questions of Which he will be the abi next all, I have been partieiisely interested in the inquiries of the Messrs. Spike Hunt and Forrest Davis, trying to picture their approach. Mr. Hunt, who is 6 feet 6 and large for his size, even so, is Westbrook Pegler inclined to sing. His favorite

| hymn is “High-O and the Rolling River” with which |" he has shattered the acoustics of a hundred, even a <1 thousand, conversation places.

I can picture and plainly hear him sitting at a green table under the stars-and the Chinese lanterns amid the willows on the banks of the broad Mizzou-Rye, snapping his gale luses, his shirt open at the neck, his ruddy face bes dewed with moisture, roaring, “She Must Have Had Another Sweetheart.” 8 ” 8

Heard Sinister Rumor

SUPPOSE Mr. Hunt represents himself as a grocery salesman, and having disguised his serie ous mission with song, subsides to listen while the America that is the real America pours out its inmost thoughts and convictions to him.

Mr. Davis wore whiskers last time I saw him, and I would expect him to pose as a veterinarian, although that might lead him into embarrassment in certain barnyard emergencies. I do not like to cast doubt on a colleague’s spe= cialty, but I heard in Cleveland during the Republican convention a sinister rumor which gives me to wonder whether the members of the flivver corps are really coming up with the honest, natural truth about things. We trained observers, as we call ourselves, are a sly lot, with subtle ways of eliciting confidences, but the real American is pretty cute himself, and the most: typical of the real Americans these days is the one who sells gasoline, hamburgers and roadside lodgings. His opinions are given heavy weight because .they seem so spontaneous- and unguarded. That, however, is where the risk of deception sets in, and I have been told that the rival politicians in the present campaign have seen and seized the oppore tunity to poison the very wellsprings of public opinion, 2 8 2 Suspicious of Country Slicker AY 1 point out that a man with a gas station al a busy crossroads in the country is in a& position to praise or condemn the New Deal or Landon far beyond his little corner? His very innocence, as he wipes the windshield and: delivers himself on the subjéct of the God-sent Democrats or the pernicious dole which invites the” worthless to loaf as the guests of honest working men, may be a mask for foul play of the most evil kind. He casts his political message into the ear of the passing tourist, and long afterward, in widening range, other Americans are hearing that a typical countryman of Indiana or Oklahoma, a man with good common sense and grease on his overalls, said the entire country was disgusted with Roosevelt, I hope and trust that my colleagues, in deceiving their country cousins on their travels, will take grea care nof to be deceived themselves. I am inclined

to suspect the country slicker of the present. ~ (Copyright, 1936, by United Peature Syndicate, Inc.)

Merry- Go- Round

BY DREW PEARSON AND ROBERT S. ALLEN

ASHINGTON, July 7.—There is something ale most uncanny about Roosevelt luck. When= ever he seems to need a four-leaf clover, he stoops down and picks one up. On the heels of his Philadelphia acceptance speech, just as folks were looking one another over and wondering which was which among the “ecoe nomic royalists,” suddenly the Steel Institute stuclc its head out and proclaimed: “Look at us! We're it!” And this was an amazing break for Mr, Roosevelt, For one of the guiding geniuses of Steel Institute publicity is none other than William Mossman, une . cle of Gov. Alfred Mossman Landon. Mr. Mossman is public relations director of Jones & Laughlin, the big steel firm which had its PWA contract canceled after its suit with the National Las bor Relations Board. ; Irwin B. Laughlin, a heavy contributor to G. O. P, campaign funds, was made ambassador to Spain by Hoover. All this, however, is small potatoes beside the main issue involved, that of organizing the 500,000 workers in the giant iron and steel industry. In the end, this may not bring MF. Roosevelt as much luzk as the four-leaf clover just plucked. Botry sides are ready for a knock-down, drag-out fight. ' On the labor side, the unionization drive has been launched after weeks of careful planning. Behind John L. Lewis and United Mine Workers stand 10 big unions, with a membership of 1,000,000 dues-payers. This army is one-third of the enrolled strength of the A. F. of L. Into the fight the United Mine Workers have poured $500,000 andsother unions have Pledge large amounts. 2

OR 50 years the Stoel Tadudey has resisted unions ization. The last great effort, by William Z. Foster in 1920, resulted In complete victory for thé employers. - The United Mine Workers have a compelling interest in the battle. For the steel companies have their own mines—“captive mines”—which have no wage agreements with the union.’ These can ie cut prices, force unionized mine operators to break

the agreement.

The. steel moguls ave operating Wit Just as close