Indianapolis Times, Volume 48, Number 62, Indianapolis, Marion County, 22 May 1936 — Page 21

Tt Seems to Me HEYMJM gTAMFORD, Conn., May 22.—Thirty years ago William Randolph Hearst telegraphed to Arthur Brisbane and said: •'Must be cautious in attacking courts, but, nevertheless, necessary to explain to the people the fact that they are governed by the Judiciary. The corporations realize the importance of the judges and have secured most of them. Tne people do not vet understand the situation. The Legislatures make laws, but the

Judges interpret them; and they seldom fail to interpret them as the corporations desire.” It is unlikely that Mr. Hearst will duplicate any part of that message in whatever comment he cares to make on the Guffey coal decision. In 1906 Mr. Hearst had not yet taken over Hitler and the Republican Party. He will not follow now John L. Lewis, who has just said, “It is a sad commentary upon our form of government when every decision of the Supreme Court seems designed to fatten capital and starve and de-

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Heywood Broun

stroy labor.” My own feeling is that both Mr. Hearst and Mr. Lewis erred in attacking the integrity of the high bench. It seems to me that we will have to examine the document itself in order to find a way out of a situation which is clearly confusing. * u A Doleful Inquiry am I voicing at the moment the complaint against the court which has been vigorously cariied on by radicals. I am interested to find the New York Times rather dolefully inquiring if there is not some way out of the mining muddle. The Times wonders whether it might not be possible for Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, Washington, New Mexico and West Virginia to make some joint compact concerning the regulation of the coal industry and then submit it for the approval of Congress. I do not know whether or not the Supreme Court would permit this, but, in any case, here is a frank confession that the strict constructionist attitude in regard to state's rights no longer meets our necessities. To be sure, some find the issue as decided both simple and satisfactory. The Los Angeles Times calls it “a victory for free labor.” The Los Angeles Times means, of course, that it is a heavy blow against any kind of organization on the part of workers to secure better working conditions. The New York Herald Tribune says, ‘‘The Guffey bill was so obviously unconstitutional under the principles laid down in the Schechter poultry case that even the New Deal legislators hesitated to enact it.” But the phrase ‘‘obviously unconstitutional” is hardly fair. If the New Deal legislators hesitated, so did the members of the Supreme Court, who waited 68 days. I think Mr. Hearst w r as correct 30 years ago when he said we were ruled by the judiciary, and our estate is made no happier by the fact that it is a divided judiciary. If one admits that Justice Sutherland and Justice Cardozo are equally learned in the law' and yet hopelessly at odds on many recent decisions, it must be that the language of the United States Constitution is less than crystal clear. Or, to be a little more precise, that the Founding Fathers simply could not foresee certain kinds of problems which would confront us in 1936. tt tt tt Unemployment the Vital Problem /TpHE majority of the Supreme Court has interpreted the Constitution as flatly excluding from the domain of Federal regulation ‘‘the employment of men, the fixing of their wages, hours of labor and working conditions and the bargaining in respect of all these things.” If this is a correct interpretation, then the Federal government is left in the pitiful plight of being forbidden to try to solve the most important problem of the day, which is admittedly unemployment. I think Col. Frank Knox is quite right in challenging Franklin D. Roosevelt to bring the issue into the campaign. The issue is vital and perfectly simple. Is labor a commodity? Let's fight it out. And let ’em run Roberts. (Copyright, 1936)

Tries to Explain Rule by Majority BY RAYMOND CLAPPER May 22.—A visitor from Mars, * ’ coming to observe our two national nominating conventions, might find something confusing and seemingly ironical about our politics. But that would be because he didn’t understand. He would see us excited over the presidential campaign, exercised as to whether Roosevelt or Landon was going to be elected. He would hear people hating Roosevelt or the Republicans, or both, and swearing that if the wrong man was elected, the country never would survive the catastrophe. At the same time he would wonder, in his childlike way, why so much concern over electing a President and a Congress when most of the business attempted by the President and the Congress we elected the last time had been stopped by the courts. He had studied textbooks about our government and learned that ours was a democracy in which the people rule by electing their officials. The books didn’t say anything about a judicial oligarchy running the country **.ud he wants to be straightened out about rumors on that point. You just have to sit down patiently and explain it to him. and show him how majority rule works. We elected Roosevelt—all except six states voted for him. Roosevelt supporters were given a majority in the House and Senate in the same election. Two years later Roosevelt supporters were elected to Congress in ever greater numbers, reducing the opposition party to the lowest numbers in its history. You tell him that many politicians think Roosevelt will be hard to beat in November and that there is only a fighting chance that the-country will repudiate him. That’s majority rule. a a a THAT will be reasonably clear even to a bewildered Martian. Now he wants to know when the Supreme Court is elected. You tell him that it isn’t elected, it's appointed. Did Roosevelt appoint them? No, you explain, all of the judges were appointed before the New Deal was ever heard of. But they are all very wise men, all learned in the law. Some have been on the Supreme Court for many years. Although the Constitution was written in 1879 and was a very wise document, it wasn’t possible to foresee everything. There wasn’t even a railroad then. So the judges tell us what they think the writers of the Constitution would have said. When something new comes in, six of the judges usually say the Founding Fathers would have been against it and the other three usually say the Founding Fathers would have approved it. Then each side chooses a leader who goes to the library, hunts up something some other judge has said in favor of his side and includes several of these quotations in his opinion. In this way, each side proves beyond a shadow of doubt that it is right. After each side has proved it is right, they count noses. The right side which has the most noses wins. So, while you may have to labor the point to your Martian visitor, you can prove that the majority rules even on the Supreme Court. That’s what democracy Is, majority rule. Thus, once you understand it, there is nothing confusing, conflicting or ironical about it. The thing is simple. Just remember that we have majority idle. ■ 'i

America Goes Electric

Huge Electric Engines Now Set Pace on Railroads. Th* electric locomotive I* a symbol of the new trend in railroading. David Diet*, science editor of the ScrippsHoward Newspapers, tells today the part played by the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Cos. in the development of electric transportation. Founded 50 years ago by George Westinghouse, the company celebrates its golden jubilee this year. BY DAVID DIETZ Scripps-Howard Science Editor JpROM the cloud-piercing towers of New York’s skyscrapers to the marble facades of Washington’s government buildings is 225 miles. In perfect ease and comfort you can travel those 225 miles in just 225 minutes. This remarkable feat has been made possible by the largest and fastest streamlined electric locomotives ever built, pulling the Congressional Limited over the Pennsylvania’s new electrified tracks. They maintain the mile-a-minute average for the journey. Actually the train makes six stops during the trip and so, in between times, it is frequently traveling faster than a mile a minute. On no other railroad are such heavy trains handled at such high speeds and with no other type of power would this be possible. It is highly appropriate that this most recent triumph of the railroad industry and the electrical industry should connect the nation’s center of business and center of government. Experts believe that on this stretch the Pennsylvania has set the standard for operation tuat the future growth of the United States will require of its main rail arteries. This electrified line is today one of the world's great arteries of commerce and travel. Over it the greater percentage of the north and south traffic of the Eastern Seaboard is moved. In the zone served by the line lie many of America’s large centers of population, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Newark, Trenton, Wilmington. tt tt tt Electricity is the life blood of this great traffic artery of the nation. Electric power, generated in great plants along the way, flows into the overland trolley lines. From these lines the mammoth electric freight engines and the powerful streamlined passenger locomotives draw their power that keeps them moving quietly and swiftly. Let us look at the locomotive which pulls the Congressional Limited. It is one of 160 similar locomotives in use on the line. A smooth and gleaming exterior replaces the innumerable gadgets and pistons of the steam locomotive. It starts quietly. The hiss of steam, the throbbing of pistons, the cloud of smoke, are all missing. So quietly does it get under way, so quickly does it accelerate, that the whole thing seems like magic. The major portion of the equipment which generates thg electricity for the Pennsylvania’s New York-to-Washington line and locomotives in use on it were built by Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Cos., whose engineers started to experiment with the idea of railroad electrification soon

LET'S EXPLORE YOUR MIND BY DR. ALBERT EDWARD WIGGAM

ITWO GERMAN psychologists studied this question in German prisons and according to Psychological Abstracts these pr-oners read 44 books per capita per earmuch more than the average person—l should say probably more than the average person reads in a lifetime. The prisoners preferred books along the lines of their own crimes; murderers preferred highgrade, informative books and stories of adventure; swindlers like light novels; thieves practical culture; and sexual offenders books on sex. a a a 2 PLENTY OF them. Somebody had to have .original thoughts or we would never have progressed beyond the apes. The great philosophers and religious leaders, as well as the great discoverers and inventefs in science, had- to have original thoughts. True, a scientific discovery embodies the thoughts of many previous thinkers, but each scientist adds one or more original thoughts of his own. For me the two incest orginial thinkers are Plato, ■**

The Indianapolis Times

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Smoothly and quietly, the powerful electric locomotive pulls the Congressional Limited at high speed.

after the company’s formation in 1886. The electric street car began to replace the horse-drawn car in the late eighties and George Westinghouse and his engineers ’soon turned their attention to the improvement of motors and other apparatus needed. a a a THE company turned out its first railway motor in 1890. The following year it produced the first single reduction railwaymotor. Two years later it produced the first inclosed motor and in 1894 the first steel frame motor. The rapid growth of interurban electric lines, their ability to handle mass transportation, and their economy and ease of operation, caused rail officials to debate the advisability of electrifying their own roads. The first railroad to electrify a part of its line was the New- York, New Haven & Hartford. On June 30, 1895, this road began electric operation of its Nantasket Beach Branch, nine miles of track extending from Nantasket Junction to Pemberton, Mass. The summer traffic on this branch was extremely heavy. Today, the New York, New Haven & Hartford has 120 miles of electrified road in which there are 590 miles of electrified track. The Pennsylvania Railroad turned its attention to electricity at the beginning of the present century, electrifying its Long Island branch in 1905. One hundred and thirty-four motor cars, equipped with Westinghouse motors, were operated on this division, power for which was furnished by three Westinghouse generators driven by Parson steam turbines. a a a OTHER important electrifications carried through by Westinghouse include the Virginian Railway and sections of the Norfolk & Western Railway, the Great Northern Railway, and the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific. Another important field which

and Spinoza, with John Dewey a close second. a a a "J SO Dr. Wm. Moulton Marston, *-* psychologist, argues with a mass of evidence in Esquire. He thinks the "running wild” tendency far stronger in woman’s nature than in man’s. He finds women enjoy more than men bull fights, getting “frightened to death,” going into danger, killing people for the mere fun of it, etc. He cites a holdup where the girls stayed to murder the victim and gleefully watched him die while the men were satisfied merely to get the loot and get away. In his experiments on men and women’s emotions at Columbia he found women three times as explosive as men. Sorry, gentlemen, but he thinks girls run wild after men not from the male’s masculine allure but just because they like to run wild anyhow. ' . Next—What Is the Age of Egotism, Selfishness, Over-Expansion and Mistakes?

FRIDAY, MAY 22,1936

Westinghouse entered at an early date was that of the Diesel engine. The company built its first engine of this type in 1910. Diesel engines as mobile power units, made their first apearance in boats, but Westinghouse soon began to experiment with the possibility of using them on railroads. The first Diesel electric locomotives turned out by Westinghouse were put into service in 1928 on the Long Island Railroad and in Westinghouse’s ow r n yard service at East Pittsburgh. Westing-house's noteworthy contribution to the modern era of high-speed streamlined Diesel electric trains is the Comet, built for the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad. tt tt tt ANOTHER outstanding Westinghouse development in the Diesel field has been the con-

Washington Merry-Go-Round BY DREW PEARSON AND ROBERT S. ALLEN

WASHINGTON, May 22.—The big thing to watch as a result of the Supreme Court decision on the Guffey Coal Act is the effect on organized labor. The decision was received in high labor quarters with mixed feelings. A meeting of high moguls of the American Federation of Labor (advocates of craft unions) was held immediately after the Supreme Court’s decision. Members came out of the meeting with beaming smiles. Their enemy, John L. Lewis, fighting head of the movement for industrial unions, wore a long face. Reason for the glee of conservative craft unionites is that John Lewis now will be so busy, with his United Mine Workers fighting for union wages, that he will have little time to push his industrial union movement. This had been making remarkable gains, had the craft union heads worried sick. (Reorganization of their unions meant loss of their jobs.) Under the NRA, Lewis had built up the United Mine Workers from 100,000 men to 500,000 —the most powerful union in the country. The Guffey Coal Act was virtually his creation. It was a government guaranty of stable wages in the coal industry. Now r Lewis will have to fight for those wages with only the weapons of the United Mine Workers. Probably the industry Will witness a series of strikes, plus a Left policy by Lewis, and a decided strengthening of Labor sentiment for Roosevelt. a a a AT first blush, the adverse decision of the District of Columbia Court of Appeals in the Bound Brook (N. J.) Resettlement case looked like a bad break for the New Deal. The court ruled that Congress had no power to delegate the granting of $4,800,000,000 in Works-Relief to the President without specifying the projects for which it w r as to be used. This looked as if every project built by Harry Hopkins was unconstitutional. It even looked as if organizations might file suit against the government and prove the entire naval building program unconstitutional. Most warship construction was undertaken with funds allocated by Roosevelt from the general Public Works grabbag, without specific appropriations by Congress. Atty. Gen. Cummings read over the decision a second time, however, and decided there was no cause to be worried. Congress could pass another act specifically listing the projects for which Rooseveic already had allocated the money. This is why Cummings moved slowly in appealing the case. Note—The three Court of Appeals justices who ruled against the New Deal, Van Orsdel, Robb and Martin, were appointed by Teddy Roosevelt and Harding. Victorious lawyer in the case, Dean Acheson, once was ousted by F. D. R. as. Undersecretary of the Treasury. a a a SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE WALLACE is not a vegetarian any more. When he came to town in 1933, he blush- •

struction of a rail car for the Boston & Maine road which has a 12-cylinder Diesel engine equipped with a supercharger. Rudolph E. Hellmund, chief engineer of the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Cos., envisions the future history of railroads as a three-cornered battle between steam, the Diesel electric, and complete electrification. Where the volume of traffic is as great as it is on the Pennsylvania Railroad between New York and Washington, Mr. Hellmund thinks nothing can beat complete electrification. In the field of the rail car and the switch engine he is certain that the Diesel will win. New developments are also coming in transportation service within cities. Recently Westinghouse designed new rapid transit cars for the New York Rapid Transit Corp. These new cars

ingly turned his wine glass down, pushed his meat around on the plate pretending to eat it, finally hid it under his knife. But now Henry has been converted. “I been sayin’ to him all along,” declared Edward Crockett, his Negro servant, “that it wasn’t right he should have only lettuce and such truck when he has to talk to these big men that come in here with a beefsteak under their shirts. “So now he eats better. You watch him some time. When the chicken is passed, he grabs the biggest leg on the platter!” Wallace retains his fondness for corn, however, and he takes it in strange forms. Guests invited to lunch with him in his private office are offered a dish of something that looks like mushrooms but proves to be popped field corn —not popcorn, but ordinary feed corn that has been popped. Valet Crockett explains: “He really likes it. It don’t get in his teeth like popcorn, and it’s something different he can offer his guests.” Note—Wallace is a grower of corn, once tried to subsist on it and nothing else. Mrs. Wallace, trying to prepare it in a different form each day, broke dowui under the strain before he did. a a a ROOSEVELT Cabinet members have been pounding home the policy of “buy if you want to sell.” Here are quotes from three speeches by three Cabineteers in three weeks: Secretary Wallace before farmers at Lincoln, Neb., May 4: “Os course, to sell abroad, we must buy abroad.” Secretary of Commerce Roper before the Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce, May 18: “Foreign

GRIN AND BEAR IT + + by Lichty

“These will be S3OO a do^n —look pleasant please."

are capable of maintaining a schedule in frequent stop service of nearly 19 miles an hour, about 36 per cent faster than present elevated operation. Another new' development is the trolley coach, a bus equipped with electric motors, drawing its power by means cf two trolley poles from two overhead wires. The Market Street Railway Cos. of San Francisco recently adopted the Westinghouse trolley coach as a solution to the problem of operating feeder transport service over the famous hills of San Francisco. Eight trolley coaches, equipped with two 65-horsepower motors, were put into service, making possible a running schedule speed of 13 miles an hour over grades as high as 12.5 per cent. Over 800 trolley coaches are now in use in the United States. NEXT—A look at the future with the Westinghouse president.

trade is a two-way process. To sell we must buy.” Secretary of State Hull before the United States Chamber of ■ Commerce, April 30: “A movement toward national economic selfcontainment is incompatible with the re-establishment of satisfactory prosperity.” a a a REP. TOM BLANTON was castigating the Harvard students who, as a publicity stunt for Lampoon, hoisted a Soviet flag on the Supreme Court flagpole. “The student body,” roared the Texan, “ought to apply a wet rope to the culprits for two *iours.” “Is not the Harvard flag itself crimson red?” yelled a member from the rear. “Yes, it is. But it is an honest and loyal kind of crimson red. It does not carry any subversive sickle as its symbol. The crimson red of Harvard is a proper, respectable crimson red.” a a a TITLE of a speech recently delivered by Secretary Dan Roper: “Co-operative Action for Co-ordinated Progress.” . . . Members of the Senate Interstate Commerce Committee charge that, in an effort to arouse Administration . opposition, “Wall Street lawyers” are spreading rumors that the real object of the investigation of railroad financing being prepared by the committee is to “smear” RFC Chairman Jesse Jones. . . . Capt. Wilford S. Alexander, head of the Federal Alcohol Administration, does not believe in taking chances. Unlike many officials who authorize an assistant to sign routine letters and documents, he insists on personally signing all papers that issue from his office. (Copyright, 1936. by United Feature Syndicate, Inc.)

Second Section

Entered Seoood-Clas* Matter at Postoffiee. Indianapolis. Ind.

bdashington RODIYDUTCHER (Westbrook Pegler Is on Vacation.) WASHINGTON, May 22.—Harry Hopkins came off unscathed from his appearance before the House appropriations subcommittee, considering the Administration request for $1,500,000,000 more for WPA. That was because nobody had any ammunition to shoot at him. The record, now public, shows that this fasttalking head of the vast WPA organization was

armed with an overwhelming array of facts, figures, tables, and charts while the hostile committee members, in no position to dispute this evidence, could explode only a few pop-guns in the form of isolated incidents which previously had been hashed and rehashed in Congress and the press. Hopkins’ large research and statistical staff had prepared all the answers and any one who wanted to check over the WPA program u'ould have needed a more or less similar staff of his own. When Hopkins pointed out

that WPA had 170,000 projects and that only 100 or 150 had been held up to public gaze as horrible examples of “boondoggling” or waste—which he insisted was a good record—none could say him nay. But Hopkins w r ent on further to insist that la most instances even those criticisms were unjustified. u tt Hopkins Knows the Answers TAEFENDING the WPA white-collar program, he asserted that nearly all its projects had been sponsored by communities which in many cases were bearing a large part of the cost. He answered a number of. specific project criticisms as follows: Complaint that $500,000 was allocated to make bndle paths more attractive for horsemen in Borough of Queens New York. Hopkins: Project was sponM Y ° rk a 2 d Long Is,and P ark authorities as detail of long-needed park improvement porgram and only $20,000 was allotted. Complaint that $72,000 was being spent to grade drain, and surface one mile of road, specified to run Chnr , Ca iu QUn Meadowville by way of Bethel ?7 mu’o 1 l n Vir P nia - H °P kins: Project calls for l ° f ? ad ’ serves as farm-to-market and !™ s rojtd, and connects two important United States Highw'ay routes. art , C “ 2“ $23 ' 630 was beln * *l*nt °n an arbcietum at Hyanms, Mass. Hopkins: Project is lrfn V i\ de an , edaquate athletic field for State TeachnarlCSf’teimiriate a SWamp ’ create a landscaped riS + t niS CoUrt ’ run ning track, and walks lined with trees and shrubs, thereby greatly increasing the institution's value to the state. t * iat P ro ject for complete illustrated catalog of the foramimfera fossils, involving classification and cross-indexing of some 12,000 species in kZ v° r £ ? T lty ’ WaS silly ’ HoPkins: Sponiored by wfl7ennht Un T erS1 s ty geology department, this one rnrL fn ge °I°glsts 1 ° glsts t 0 stud y subsurface conditions ° rou^ ly . will produce great benefits for mirnnp anrt n S tU y e ’ ai?d mdustr y> an d will enable dollar 8 and Petroleum industries to save millions of

And So On and On that expenditure of $4368 to ren--4 ovate books in Louisville (Ky.) libraries was more “boondoggling.” Hopkins: This employs an average of seven women otherwise unemployable who in four months mended 4245 books, made 2084 magazine covers and perforated, pocketed, labeled and stamped 2406 books. Hopkins could go on’like that indefinitely. is s?meK ~’ a f- tha > * ve “ though administration w ° D m A etimes criticised, hardly anybody ever opposes a WPA project when it’s in his own home town. (Copyright. 1936. NEA Service. Inc.) New Books THE PUBLIC LIBRARY PRESENTS . i A S1 ? f ONOMY FOR AMATEURS, prepared by the (Gro-S 1 / 0 ° f the Popular Science Monthly (Grosset, $1.00), does not make its appeal to the serious scientific student, but rather to the general reader who likes to find out what nakes the “wheels go round in this astonishing world of ours. He learns how international time is measured how ships and planes are guided through limitless space. He understands something of the control of tide*, and how to photograph the moon with his home-made telescope. An ingenious “umbrella map” introduces the stars and planets. P Instructions are given for the making of apparatus for experiments which, though crude, open to m?Z e jr e m a to,ad avenue t 0 rcal sclen - The book has charts, tables, a glossary of common astronomical terms, and is indexed. a a a ‘ TF you were bom before 1890 you may expect a J- touch of nostalgia as you reacj OLD HOME TOWN (Longmans; $2), by Rose Wilder Lane. Amusing, yes, but the smile will be just a little crooked for the life of the little country town of 30 years ago’ is gone forever, and with it went something fine and stable which will not be seen again in American annals. In these eight stories there is a well-rounded picture of that life; it’s all there, the buggy riding, old maids, the bicycles and the bloomer girls, even to the ladies hurrying past the poolroom with averted eyes. It is so homely and ridiculous, yet so courageous, somehow. We wonder if a few of those old-fashioned virtues w'ould come amiss in this year of 1936. a a a TF you are going to England, or if you are just A longing to go, you will find a treasure in THE BEAUTI OF BRITAIN, with an introduction by J. B. Priestly (Scribner’s; $2.50). Twelve writers, each choosing a section of the country which he knows expertly, combine to produce a book rich in the lore of this exquisitely varied travelers’ paradise. Extraordinarily beautiful photographs supplement the text. The book purposes to provide a guide to some of Britain’s most charming spots, which are somewhat outside of the regular tourist itinerary. For a friend, England bound, it would make a gorgeous gift. _ I * V AT the very storm center of a ‘literary war” we have SPARKENBROKE, by Charles Morgan. (Macmillan; $2.75), a long and beautifully written novel by the author of "The Fountain." Many columns of expensive space have been utilized to emblazon its virtues or equally to damn its defects. Well-known critics have drawn up their camps, fourdoilar words are flying about interspersed by slings and arrows. We hear of "insidious, python-like ridicule," of "avid searching for pornographic plot”; we hear that Reviewer A—should be presented with a “starry crown”; that Reviewer A—"has surprised and grieved his reader”; that hi* reader is “ashamed of having admired Reviewer A—”; that on one page Morgan writes "like an archangel”; that on another he is presumed to "cloak his paralyzing, inconsistent, and futile philosophies under a maze of poetic fancies.” What wonder that timid reviewers of our simple ilk literally take to heel when the book is mentioned. What $ you think of it? Sh-b-bi We loved iti

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Rodney Dutcher