Indianapolis Times, Volume 48, Number 60, Indianapolis, Marion County, 20 May 1936 — Page 13

It Seems to Me HEW# BROUN gALTIMORE, Md., May 20.—Senator Borah and I took in the Preakness and in turn were taken. It is true that I have no complete and accurate report on what horses the Senator backed but it just didn’t seem like his sort of day. Bill Borah is very vigorously engaged at the moment in trying to knock ddwn the favorite in the Republican pre-convention campaign and I assume that when he goes to the

track his heart moves him to string along with the insurgents. At any rate, that’s what happened to me. Most of the horses which came in first were 6 to 5 or even money, or thereabouts, and such investment steeds I scorn. I go to the track to speculate and not to deal in gilt-edge securities. If Borah and I had been at the Kentucky Derby Bold Venture would have been precisely our type of horse—neglected, unhonored and unsung and 20 to 1 in the mutuel machines. But he was landed gentry by the time he reached the Preakness. All the

11 ■ft * JK

Heywood Broun

betting suggested him as a certain winner. He pranced out on the track and cut up capitalistic capers. And as he lorded it over horses of meaner degree on his way to the post I gritted my teeth and bet on something called Transporter and also Bow and Arrow. n t u Restraint of Trade , No Doubt TN all probability somewhat the same emotions ■*- stirred in the breast of Borah, the great foe of monopolies. To him Bold Venture may have seemed a combination in restraint of trade and a fit subject for the the Sherman Act. For a few brief seconds fate seemed to be with the Senator and me. Bold Venture got away none too well. And who was that I saw heading the pack around the first turn? No one else but Bow and Arrow. Asa matter of fact, from where I stood the first turn was about the ony part of the track I could see. And yet I was not much worse off than I would have been at home with the radio turned on, because a man only a few feet away with glasses and a vantage point was calling them. His voice bore the bad news th(*u Bow and Arrow had decided to chuck it. I should have known that a horse like that would have no chance in a fiercely competitive machine age. u x x A Fleeting Glimpse RANVILLE took up the lead. I caught one fleeting glimpse of him in the back stretch. He was leading and running easily. Not much was said up to this point about Bold Venture. And then on the far turn I heard the cry that Transporter was making a move, and also Jean Bart had begun to charge up on the leaders. “It’s Granville and Transporter!” the man with the glasses yelled. But as the brigade swung into the stretch there was one which came wide and full of running. That name was mentioned for the first time. Without being able to see anything it was quite possible to follow the duel down the stretch. All the others were gone now and the 30,000 split into two factions. “Come on Granville!” “Come on Bold Venture!” Just by the roar at the finish you coaid tell it was pretty close and up on the board went the sign that a photograph would be required. Borah and I took no interest in the picture. Bow and Arrow was out of it, gone to join the other vanishing Redmen in the Happy Hunting Grounds. The favorite had won and there was nothing left to do but accept the role reserved for broken bettors and defeated candidates. 1 took a walk. (Copyright, 1936) George Washington Would Be Shocked BY RAYMOND CLAPPER CLEVELAND, May 20.—Undoubtedly it is all extremely constitutional yet the founding fathers would have been surprised and puzzled at preparations now going on here for the Republican national convention. In the first place they would have been puzzled as to why any such convention was being held. So the Republican Party could nominate a President? They never expected there would be a Republican Party or any other party. To be sure, factions existed in their day, but George Washington and many ethers deplored them as injurious to the tranquillity of the young republic. The meeting is to nominate a candidate for President? Well, this most certainly was not what they had planned. They had worked the Constitution out with great care to avoid that very thing. The people were to choose electors, not a President. Voters in each state would elect substantial citizens, men of sound judgment, who would in turn meet some months later and as an Electoral College choose the President and Vice President. They thought it would never do to let the voters directly elect the President. That would be little more than mob rule. Put a group of wiser men in between the voters and the President and thus the dangerous impulses of democracy would be restrained and keep the republic pure. Thus the founding fathers reasoned, and '.hey thought they had perfected strong machinery to that end. They would have been surprised and bewildered at many other preparations being made here for the convention now less than three weeks away. Imagine George Washington, the calm, Virginia planter, wandering around the Cleveland convention scene. x x HERE is a gigantic hall, seating 14,000 persons, so vast that he could not have thrown a silver dollar across it. These small, black objects standing scattered arround the hall, microphones for the delegations, would have been incredible to Washington. Tell him that .through them the farmer out in Attica, Kas., could hear the mumbled conversation of two Ohio delegates discussing whether to jump on the Landon band wagon and he would have thoaght you were crazy. Show him the three huge glass radio observation cages over the platform and the three broadcasting studios in the basement, and he never would have understood that the most remote citizen of the land could, with the aid of these devices, hear more of the convention proceedings than a delegate sitting in the hall, and hear it sooner, since radio waves travel thousands of times faster than sound waves. Show him the machines in the basement by which photographs, snapped a moment before, were being reproduced instantaneously in San Francisco newspaper offices, and he couldn't believe it. Neither would he understand why 796 seats are reserved for the press. These clattering telegraph instruments would remind him only of chirping crickets at Mount Vernon. The keynoter? A Senator from Oregon? What Is Oregon? That he remembered, was some vague country far out on the other side of the great desert. Nothing but Indians and bears. You must be mistaken to think it contains a quarter as many people as the whole United States that Washington knew. Women delegates? Do they let women vote now? That wasn’t in the Constitution they drew up at Philadelphia. You tell him these workmen painting the hall are WPA relief workers. He looks at you blankly, as you explain that we have sc*ne 10,000,003 or so out of work in the United States—there were fewer than 4,000,000 in the whole country when he last saw it—and that the Federal government is paying $323,000 to ft* up the hall here in Cleveland for the convention. He could almost have run his whole government on that. "Yes," he says, “things have changed since I was President. We never dreamed, back in Philadelphia that there would be anything ljke this.”

America Goes Electric Iron Will of George Westinghouse Harnessed the Wild Horses of Niagara, Introducing Age of Mammoth Power. The rapid rise in the world’s utilization of power is the chief difference between the nineteenth century and the twentieth century. David Dietz, science editor of the Scripps-Howard newspapers, tells the story in the third installment of the exciting and dramatic tale of the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Cos., which celebrates its golden jubilee this year. XXX BY DAVID DIETZ Scripps-Howard Science Editor. JMAGINE six million wild horses, stampeding across a mountain plateau, converging upon a narrow pass, rushing through it in a veritable avalanche of energy, the ground shaking under their pounding hoofs, the clouds cf dust swirling up into the sky. You have seen the equivalent of that sight if you have watched the mighty waters of the Niagara River gathering momentum as they approached the Falls, flowing ever swifter until they plunged over the edge in a shower of foam and a cloud of mist. The rushing waters of Niagara have a potential energy of about 6,000,000

horsepower. The combined waters of four of the Great Lakes empty over the Falls. It is the spillover for a basin 250,000 square miles in area, half again as large as the whole of France. Each minute about 70,000,000 gallons of water crash over the Falls. It was eminently fitting that the task of harnessing the wild horses of Niagara should have gone to George Westinghouse. His was the iron will to match the ceaseless drive of the waters; his was the mental energy to tame their physical power. The Era of Electric Power was born when Westinghouse harnessed Niagara. Every gigantic hydro-electric project of the Twentieth Century is the descendant of the Niagara conquest. From that moment on, America began to think in terms of gigantic power development. Electric generators began to grow in size. The copper carriers of power, the electric transmission lines, began to reach out across the countryside, bringing to cities and villages the energy to turn the wheels of commerce and industry. xxx IMMEDIATE effect of the Niagara project was to bring new industries to the city of Buffalo and to initiate at Niagara Falls the start of what was to be the world’s greatest center of electrochemical industries. The first attempt to utilize the energy of the Niagara River vas made in 1757 when Chabert Joncair, a French fur trader, dug a semi-circular ditch. This ditch led water out of the river and fed it back again above the Falls. He used the water, which flowed swiftly through his ditch, to operate a waterwheel which, in turn, ran a saw mill. Nothing more was done with Niagara until 1852 when a group of courageous men dug what they called the Hydraulic Canal, likewise to operate a mill. But all it

LET'S EXPLORE YOUR MIND BY DR. ALBERT EDWARD WIGGAM

7 1H / - OP Hit. FIRwT * / \\\ Ml Mwuuk&e i^heukelw / 7 ® To A 9IEMLA.R. FAllOßfr w) Os OF Hl£ tbECOND? mb A A6KEDWR, THEIR 1 OPINIONS \ “\ / &ECALX£: THE'* nVw 1 ip r^T \ r'lmSMr] // THINK. THEIP. X %,v/ ARE COMPELLED TO Wjt¥ ML& CORRECT f VlteTE *OCH VALDA&LE TIME JW ?.iITIH6 ON PLANtt EI C. I <b THHj? OR. NO JIXjTiFIED? VE4? OR NO . i.—

1 TEACHING children to dramatize life teaches them to lift it from its sordid toil and study and arudge. 7 into an imaginative world of romance, color, dream and beauty, to miss which is to miss all that is worthwhile in human life. a x x 2 VERA CONNOLLY in Good Housekeeping gives the testimony of one of the New York City Supreme Court judges and of Dr. Fritz Wittels, psychoanalyst—both with long experience—and they agree that in about eight cases out of IQ people make the same failure of the second marriage they made of the first. This agrees w-ith Dr. Hornell Hart in his book, “Personality and the Family,” invaluable either for married people or those contemplating marriage—who finds two to three times as many failures in marriage of divorced persons as of persons widowed by death and fat more than of those who marry

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produced for 25 years was a series of financial disasters. Late in the 1880’s a group of New York financiers, including John Jacob Astor, took up the project, organized the Cataract Construction Cos., engage *. Dr. Coleman Sellers of 7' .adelphia as their chief engir r, and sent him to Europe in search of information. In London Dr. Selleis met the young engineers whom George Westinghouse had sent over to organize the British Westinghouse Electric Cos. They cabled Westinghouse about the project but at the moment he had too many other things on his mind. In 1890, the Cataract Construction Cos. formed an International Niagara commission to study the problem of utilizing th power of the falls. It is difficult for us to realize that they were not even certain that the generation of electric power was the most feasible scheme. XXX ONE scheme given much attention at the moment—and even considered seriously by Westinghouse later —was to build engines for compressing air, then piping this air 20 miles to Buffalo, where it could be used to run machines. Sir William Thomson, afterward Lord Kelvin, the foremost physicist of Great Britain, was made president of the commission. Its other members were Prof. M. E. Mascart of France, Col. Theodore Turretini of Switzerland, and Prof. W. C. Unwin of Great Britain. That same year some of Westinghouse’s engineers persuaded him to accept the contract to build a hydro-electric plant at Telluride, Colo. It was there that some of the experience needed for the Niagara project was obtained. It will be remembered that at this time the “battle of the currents” was raging in New York City, Westinghouse favoring alternating current, Edison favoring direct current. By obtaining the contract to light the famous Columbian Exposition, the magnificent Chicago World Fair of 1893,

for the first time. Beyond question, people who fail in marriage fail chiefly because they are unprepared not only for marriage but for life itself. XXX 3 MANY people who have never thought five minutes on a given subject in their whole lives, suddenly develop the most vigorous convictions—not because they think they are correct but because it makes them feel important. Ask any man today what he thinks of the Supreme Court decisions and he feels ashamed to have you think he has not studied the matter profoundly pro and con; so he instantly develops all the arguments he can think of on one side or the other without asking lumself at ail if he be cc'.rect. NEXT—Are People Who Fail at Marriage Different From Other People?

WEDNESDAY, MAY 20, 1936

The power of Niagara Falls is the energy of six million wild horses.

Westinghouse succeeding in making a dramatic and spectacular demonstration of the success of his system. At first Lord Kelvin, president of the International Niagara Commission, sided with Edison, but now he changed his mind. No doubt the Westinghouse success at Chicago played an important part in this decision. Among the Westinghouse engineers who did stalwart service in putting the Westinghouse ideas before the commission was Lewis B. Stillwell who acted as the official spokesman for Westinghouse. The upshot of the battle was that Westinghouse was finally chosen to do the job and in November of 1893 a contract was made for the building of three 5000-horse power generators. These were five times as large as the largest electric generator which had ever been built up to that time. XXX THE battle was not yet over. Many differences of opinion over the details of installation had

Washington Merry-Go-Round

WASHINGTON, May 20. Prof. O. G. Saxon, head of the Republican brain trust, is in the market for a distinguished authority on foreign affairs. He has plenty of economists and financial experts on his staff, but in the realm of the international there is a complete void and he wants to fill it. So far Saxon has encountered some difficulty in this. It was suggested to him by a well-meaning friend that Henry L. Stimson, Secretary of State in the Hoover Cabinet, would make an excellent foreign affairs adviser. National committee moguls, however, vetoed the idea on the spot. Stimson has indicated approval of the Roosevelt-Hull reciprocal trade policy—which runs directly counter to the high-tariff theories of Republican big-wigs. Saxon then offered the tob to a faculty colleague, Prof. Edwin M. BorcharU of the Yale Law School. Bor chard is an ardent isolationist, believes in the “freedom of the seas” and the old-fashioned maintenance of “neutral rights” in the event of a foreign war. In pacifist circles Prof. Borchard is regarded disapprovingly as a “jingo.” The Yale academician, however, turned down Saxon’s offer. He was willing to work on a part-time basis, but Saxon said he wanted an expert who could devote full time from July 1 to about Sept. 15. XXX THIS probably will be denied, but Sir Ronald Lindsay, British ambassador, in recent talks with the State Department, has indicated as strongly as diplomatic language permits that war between Great Britain and Italy is inescapable. It may he postponed several months or for a year or two, but the British appear to believe it only a matter of time. XXX HERS are some Interesting statements on the PWA sl,500,000,000 relief bill made by President Roosevelt and by one of his important leaders in the House, Rep. Buchanon of Texas, chairman of the Appropriations Committee. May B—Mr. Buchanon: “I can assure the House—l want the members to understand it, because they must not be mis-led—that every bit of this money ($1,500,000,000 for WPA) must be spent under the guidance and direction of the Works-Progress administrator.”

to be ironed out between Westinghouse and the commission. Westinghouse wanted to generate current at 30. cycles but the types of turbines already contracted for made it necessary to go to 25 cycles. Asa result, current is still generated at Niagara Falls at 25 cycles although experts today feel that 30 cycles would have been better. Control of these gigantic generators— gigantic for the time : at which they were built—required the design of new equipment, new meters, new switching devices, new cables, etc. XXX HERE is the true symbol of the Machine Age. Man is here the master of the machine, not its slave. With the successful building of the first Niagara power plant, George Westinghouse and his engineers saw that the day of mammoth electric generators was here. During the years that Westing-

May 15—The President in press conference explained that the sl,500,000,000 WPA fund would be used as a pool from which money v.ould be allocated to Ickes and Tug well. May 8. Mr. Buchanon: “Mr. Chairman, if this bill passes in its present form, the President will not have any authority or power to allot one cent of this money. The appropriation is made by Congress to the Works Progress Administration and not one iota of authority is carried to the President or anybody else to allot any of this money.” May 15—The President told his press conference that he himself would make the allotments. He said he did not care who signed the checks, but that the Ickes and Tugwell agencies would get the necessary fluids. n n n CONGRESSMAN JACK DEMPSEY of New Mexico has a way of his own in handling lobbyists.

GRIN AND BEAR IT

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“ Whatsamat, boss, you guys no eat? Napoleon he say an army , she travel on his stomachV* ' T "

house was completing the Niagara project, Sir Charles Parsons, over in Great Britain, was perfecting the steam turbine. Hero, the Greek philosopher, had built the first steam turbine 2000 years before and nobody had done anything with it during the 2000 years after Hero. Parsons took it out of the laboratory, where it was a pretty toy and made it practical. He built his. first successful turbine in 1884 and obtained his patents in 1885. By 1895 his turbines were awakening world-wide interest. Westinghouse saw their value and took out a license under the Parsons patents. Last year the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Cos. completed the world’s most efficient generator of great power. It is a 165,000 kilowatt turbo-gen-erator, located in the Richmond station of the Philadelphia Electric Cos. It is capable of furnishing light for 250,000 homes. NEXT—How Radio Came to America.

The other day A. M. Spencer, a constituent in Santa Fe, sent Dempsey a letter which he had received from William T. Reed Jr., Washington lobbyist for the National Association of Insurance Agents. Reed was stirring up opposition against a provision in one of Dempsey’s bills which would permit the government to write its own insurance against hurricanes in Puerto Rico. Upon receipt of the letter, Dempsey called Reed on the phone. “Did you write a letter to A. M. Spencer in Santa Fe,” he said, “trying to stir up opposition to my Puerto Rican Bill?” Avery weak affirmative came over the wire. “Well, I want you to know I have your letter, and the bill is going to pass—unchanged.” It did. (Copyright, 1936. bv United Feature Syndicate. Inc.)

by Lichfy

Second Section

Entered *s Second-Class Matter at Postofflee. Itunanapolis. Ind.

JjJaskiitffton wlkllEß (Westbrook Pegler Is on Vacation.) May 20.—Congressmen who have been getting cross-eyed from keeping one eye on Father Coughlin’s National Union for Social Justice and the other eye on Townsendites, got some comfort, but not much, from the Ohio primaries. They got more from the defeat of the FrazierLemke Bill, which had Coughlin’s unstinted backing. One of the arguments used as a

good reason for defeating the bid was to cite Coughlin’s advocacy and his dictatorial attitude. When Coughlin got into a verbal row recently with Chairman John O’Connor of the Rules Committee over the bill, many congressmen saw that O'Connor was fighting their battle, and sympathized with him rather than with Coughlin. Thus it is doubtful whether Coughlin did his fellow-inflation-ists more harm or good by backing the Frazier-Lemke Bill. * But in the Ohio primaries he

provided a beautiful object lesson. Ohio was watched as a practical test of both the NUSJ and the Townsend groups at the polls. Both together would average about as strong in the state as anywhere in the country. The political priest had chosen that citadel of hia organization to make a personal appeal. At a Cleveland mass meeting just before the primary, he addressed 25,000 listeners, and broadcast a state-wide appeal for all his candidates by name. XXX Purity of Test Destroyed 'T'HE results almost justified the boast of CoughA lin’s Ohio manager, Sylvester McMahon, that half the candidates backed by the NUSJ would come through. But Ohio observers report many factors entering locally into the district contests that destroy the purity of the test. For instance, the spearhead of Coughlin’s attack in Cleveland was aimed at Chester Bolton, G. O. P. congressman respresenling the “silk-stocking” Twenty-second District. But Bolton gave the Coughlin hopeful a sound beating. And Bolton not only had the NUSJ and the Townsendites against him, but also the bonus boys, because of his adverse vote on prepayment of the soldier bonus. The NUSJ, however, put across a virtual unknown as a Democratic opponent for Bolton, and he will have to face the Coughlin music again in November. By playing both parties, the NUSJ gets two chances to win. Congressman Martin Sweeney, Democratic incumbent, got the benediction of both Coughlin and Townsend, and sailed through triumphant. But he was greatly aided by voter disgust with the local Cleveland Democratic organization, which had the poor judgment to pit against Sweeney a particularly obnoxious stuffed shirt with one foot already in his political grave. Congressman Robert Crosser, who had NUSJ, but not Townsend, backing, came through easily,’ but Crosser again is a special case, with an intensely loyal personal following. While he favors many NUSJ ideas, Crosser resolutely refused to sign the pledge to vote as Father Coughlin directs, which is usually required in exchange for NUSJ support. Though personally importuned by the father himself, Crosser refused to put hi name on the dotted line. He got the indorsement anyway. XXX Count Is About Even TN two Ohio districts, both candidates in November will carry the Coughlin imprimatur. Three incumbents were swept out, largely by Coughlin opposition, Congressmen Feisinger of Sandusky, Duffy of TToledo, and Harter of Akron. Twelve victories, six defeats in the Democratic primary, and three victories, 11 defeats in the Republican, was the NUSJ box score. (Copyright, 1936. by NEA Service. Inc.) New Books THE PUBLIC LIBRARY PRESENTS— Lucia decides that she needs tremendous employment for her tremendous energies, the result is excitement for the quiet English village and amusement verging upon hilarity for the reader of E. F. Benson’s THE WORSHIPFUL LUCIA (Doubleday; $2.50). She and her rival contend-in town politics almost to the disruption of local society. She excavates in her garden for Roman remains, finds tiles laid by a modem plumber, and cleverly turns humiliation to victory. But the fun of the book is in the gay, sharp picture of the village personages. Only reading it will suffice. XXX TT7HEN LaFayette came to America to help the ’ " cause of the Revolution he gained Washington's affection because he was a Freemason. Benjamin Franklin was for long the center of Freemasonry In France and exerted his influence to bring France to the aid of America. At least so says Bernard Fay in REVOLUTION AND FREEMASONRY (Little; $3). Nobles and burghers in France and England, statesmen and prosperous merchants in the American colonies—all found their spiritual haven in the broad yet idealistic bosom of Freemasonry. And it was they, again says Mr. Fay, with their ideals of progress, enlightenment, freedom, equality, and the brotherhood of man, who fostered the humanitarian and revolutionary spirit of the times. And whether or not he agrees, the reader will enjoy this slightly ironic picture of an age not yet disillusioned. X X X WHAT tortuous steps lead to crime? What dramas are enacted within the gray prison walls? What remorse do the prisoners feel—what despair, what defiance, what passionate resentment or hopeless submission? What is the impact of prisoner upon prisoner? What do they suffer or hope under their keepers? W r arden Lewis E. Lawes answers these questions in CELL 202—SING SING (Farrar & Rinehart, s3>, Here he tells the life stories of four fictitious men, each convicted of murder, who successively occupy this celL His is a human and moving tale of lives caught is the meshes of stupidity, ignorance, and brutality, and at the same time a plea for a sounder prison system. XXX A FIRST novel, and a find. On one of the Channel Islands between England and France live the du Frocq family. Papa, Mama and five children, including lively Colin and plump, seraphic Colette. Papa is not a successful farmer, money is scarce. Will they be forced to leave their dear Bon Repos? That theme forms the backbone of the story, but one does not look too long at the backbone; there are too many other things. If you delighted in “The Garden” by Strong, or “Dew on the Grass” by Lewis, do not fail to give yourself the pleasure of ISLAND MAGIC, by Elisabeth Goudge (Coward-McCann. *2.50),

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Rodney Catcher