Indianapolis Times, Volume 48, Number 4, Indianapolis, Marion County, 16 March 1936 — Page 10

PAGE 10

The Indianapolis Times (A M Rirrs-HOWAKD NEWSPAPEK) ROT W. HOWARD Preld*nt I-1 DWELL DENNY . Editor I..VRL D. IIAKEH . Builnesa Manager

SCRIPT V - MOWAJtn Gi<e Iduhl nnii Ine J’rnpt* Will Find Their Own Way

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. MONDAY. MARCH 16. 1936 AS LONG AS GRASS GROWS EADING the speeches of Britain's Eden, France’s Flandin and Belgium's Van Zeeland before the League of Nations Council in London, we are reminded of a story of a similar debate said to have occurred on this continent some 40 years ago—in a solemn assembly of the high councils of the Cherokee Nation, at Tahlequah, Indian Territory. As Europe’s diplomats over the week-end deplored Germany's abrogation of “sacred treaties” and shivered for the future of collective security, just so did the austere Cherokee senators deplore a similar lack of integrity on the part of the Great White Father In Washington. The Congress of the United States had created what was known as the Dawes Commission to go into the Indian Territory and negotiate new treaties with the Indian tribes. As usual, white men wanted more land. It became necessary, therefore, that a companion resolution be approved by the Cherokee Council creating a commission ol Cherokees to treat with the Dawes Commission. (Be it remembered that the Cherokee Nation was a proud and constitutional republic, which once sent to Washington no less a personage than Sam Houston with full credentials to act as ambassador extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary.) So this companion resolution was introduced in the Cherokee Council. And for three long days, so the story goes, sonorous oratory echoed through the council house at Tahlequah. With words that plucked at the heartstrings, the Cherokee senators hearkened back to the trail of tears over which their people had been moved under military escort from the home of their fathers on the Atlantic seaboard to that far-away land. With characteristic dignity —those old Cherokee orators were great on dignity—they recalled one treaty after another which the Cherokees had signed with the United States, and which the latter had disregarded as mere scraps of paper. Hadn’t the boundaries of their republic been time and again guaranteed as long as the sun rose in the east and set in the west, as long as grass grew on the land and water flowed down Neosho River? And hadn’t the white men time and again encroached on their domain? Why then sign another covenant that would be just as worthless? And so, the story goes, on the third and last day of the debate, one of the Cherokee senators—perhaps he was the majority whip—solemnly arose and Introduced an amendment to the resolution. The amendment struck out the word “treat,” and inserted in lieu thereof the word “monkey.” The amendment was adopted, and the amended resolution duly passed, creating a Cherokee Commission “to monkey with the Dawes Commission.” We don’t vouch for the accuracy of this story. But it is a good story, nevertheless, and worth retelling at a time like this when we of the United States are prone to look with righteous scorn upon the treaty-breaking misdeeds of European nations. Before arrogating to ourselves a moral superiority over the rest of mankind, hadn’t we better weep a little on the shoulders of the American red man?

“AGAINST THE GRAIN” A SUPERINTENDENT of schools In Mississippi contributes $4 a month for 30 months to help pay for a building to house low-wage garment factory. He is quoted as saying: “It goes against the grain to give money to erect a building for millionaires: we are economic slaves but what can we do?” The Federal government unwittingly contributed to this scramble to attract sweatshops to Mississippi where free buildings, free rent, fiveyear tax exemption and cheap labor trained at public cost are the bait offered manufacturers. WPA funds obtained under the pretense of “vocational education” have gone into the building of shirt factories for prosperous corporations. Other Federal funds from the office of education have been diverted to the same projects. A particularly insidious form of industrial slavery is being fastened upon Mississippi, and to a lesser degree other Southern states, by greedy employers aided and abetted by Chambers of Commerce, all eager to squeeze a penny out of human exploitation. Wages of 12Vi cents an hour after a period of training during which no wages are paid were reported by Federal investigators who visited some of the sweatshops. Even on this pittance workers were expected to contribute to the cost of erecting the factory. The only thing the Federal government appears empowered to do is to refuse further WPA and vocational education funds to Mississippi until it has cleaned house. CURBING PATRONAGE A PROSPECTIVE reduction of about 4500 in the field personnel of the Home Owners Loan Corp. has spread an epidemic of pre-election patronage Jitters over Capitol Hill. The paring down is already under way. It will reach major proportions about June, when HOLC lending privileges expire and when Democratic candidates for re-election to Congress would like to be telling the folks at home how they've been keeping their friends in government jobs. The present HOLC force of about 18,500, including the Washington employes, is engaged in (1) winding up the lending business and (2) servicing nearly a million home mortgages which the corporation has refinanced. After June, operations will be confined to the latter activity. Some of the 300 local offices which have been engaged in loan-making have already been closed and others will be discontinued speedily as action on pending applications is completed. Offices in larger cities will be kept open to make collections from borrowers. The budget for the year beginning July 1 has been cut by $7,700,000, or about 25 per cent, for personnel. Nearly $2,000,000 has been cut from other administrative expenses. Efforts at the Capitol to forestall the impending personnel reduction have been unavailing. President Roosevelt, by ins action in withdrawing a billion dollars in surplus credits frqrji HOLC, killed off a move sponsored by a grdf Michigan House

members to continue loan-making for another year. The HOLC board, expressing the view that the emergency had been met, also vetoed the idea. The HOLC also turned thumbs down cn a bill by Rep. Lamneck (D., O.), which was backed by the entire Ohio Democratic delegation in the House, to make each local office a separate collection agency and to abolish the present system of 12 regional offices. It was estimated the bill would have added from 4000 to 5000 names to local HOLC pay rolls. SOME FAIL, SOME SUCCEED T'HREE years of New Deal experimentation have demonstrated that the public is willing to give any good idea a run for its money, but that it is quick to turn sour on an experiment when administration of it is bungled. That has been the fate of many hopeful enterprises, notably subsistence homesteads and direct government housing. Usually such failures can be traced to inexperienced administrators, in control of more money than they know how to handle and driven by an urge to spend all of the money as quickly as possible. This is a bad combination, and leads inevitably to the building up of a topheavy bureaucracy which tangles itself up in red tape and confusion. Those New Deal agencies which escape these pitfahs—and a great many have—continue to enjoy public support. And one by one they are being incorporated into the permanent government establishment. Thus the AAA, a good idea wisely administered, even overcame the setback of an adverse Supreme Court decision. By contrast, the NRA, also a good idea, but not so wisely administered, was already sagging against the ropes when the court administered a knockout. Among the other New Deal experiments which the public has taken to its bosom and for which it is willing to provide more money are the Civilian Conservation Corps, which actually took boys off the street comers and gave them useful employment in the forests and parks and on the plains, and the soil conservation agencies which worked with the CCC on erosion control projects of demonstrable value. To this list of agencies which Congress is transerring from a temporary to a permanent status will soon be added the Rural Electrification Administration. Allotted at first $100,000,000 to spend in carrying electricity to American farms, Morris L. Cooke, prudent REA administrator, turned back all except the few millions which he could spend on sound selfhquidating projects. Knowing he had a long way to go—for only about one out of 10 American farm homes are electrified, whereas the proportion in such countries as France and Germany is about nine out of ten Administrator Cooke moved cautiously. For months he made no allotments whatever. But his work has gathered momentum recently, and already he has approved loans and allotments for loans totaling $8,144,862, which have brought or are in the process of bringing electricity to 27,000 farm homes. And private utilities have been stirred into competitive enterprise, to the extent that last year the number of farm homes electrified was almost three times the number in the previous year. And, of great importance to a government which needs to husband its resources, the loans are made on a sound plan which provides for amortization over a 25-year period. And thus it is contemplated that every cent lent, plus 3 per cent interest—about what it costs the government to borrow money —will come back into the Treasury. Reward for this success comes in the form of the Norris-Rayburn bill, already passed by the Senate and soon to be passed by the House, authorizing the REA to increase its loans, over the next 10 years, to a total of $420,000,000. That’s not remaking the map of America overnight. But it’s a technique that will accomplish more in the long run.

A WOMAN’S VIEWPOINT By Mrs. Walter Ferguson * | ''HE pursuit of culture by middle-aged women of the leisure class is a commendable crusade. The fact that it runs contract bridge a close second as a time-killer ought to call forth cheers, although I confess mine will be faint. The anger about self-culture is that it contains sc *ith the world falling about our ears, it seems oddly tragic to see so many beautifully, govned, nicely marcelled, kid-gloved women delving into the Browning philosophy or skillfully skirting Shakespeare’s realism. With their eyes fixed on the stars they avoid a direct look at the scenes around them. It is one way of running away from the unpleasant—this escape into a past which seems so romantic and glamorous. When we study about dead poets we are relieved from worry about certain dangerous intellectual doctrines of the present. So these women meet regularly. They talk about service and tolerance and love, yet are content to abide in a society where all three are at a low ebb. Let me hasten to say they are not always conscious of the fact. Many are generous with their money. They give sizable checks to all worthwhile enterprises so long as nobody urges them to step down and walk in the filth of poverty or look their unfortunate neighbors in the eye. Thus they encourage the modern form of charity which damns both recipient and donor because it lacks spiritual significance. It is not really charity; it is a salve to conconscience. What tremendous progress might be made if all women now bent upon intellectual pursuits would give rp improving their own minds for five years, let us say, and improve their hearts by bettering social conditions. Why not have a closed season on highbrow fiddle-faddle, at least long enough to make America safe for culture? FROM THE RECORD SENATOR BONE (D., Wash.): I suspect we may all agree that bankers are in many instances — possibly most instances—very fine gentlemen, good husbands, good fathers, and certainly very excellent providers; but there is a vast general feeling abroad in this land that if the bankers of this country were ever really happy over anything, the mass of the American people should be in a panic, for there would certainly be “something rotten in Denmark.” * * * REP. HARLAN (D., O.): Two of the weakest Presidents we have had since the Civil War were swept into office by a wave of fear created by the cry, “Save the Constitution.” In each case, following the election, those patriots who directed the campaign and pulled the ropes entered upon, such a carousal of corruption and an orgy of governmental debauchery as few countries would tolerate, ft** p EP. CURLEY (D., N. Y.): It is not an exaggeratieu to say that were it not for the stern warnings carried in the Hearst newspapers—in editorials that the man on the street can understand—this country today might be under the domination of the Soviet government. Russia, too, is aware of this and there is no man in the world today they fear more. All true Americans owe a debt of gratitude to Mr.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

Squaring the Circle With THE HOOSIER EDITOR

THE theater is a superstitious place, but Friday the thirteenth usually isn’t listed as a major hazard by actors. However, in Indianapolis on Friday the thirteenth last, this happened. The O’Connor family of six was slated to appear on a local stage. One member became ill before the troup arrived in the city. The little girl got acute appendicitis and she and her mother went to Danville, 111., for an emergency operation. Bebe Daniels and Ben Lyon were handicapped when their wardrobe failed to arrive. Ted Nicholas, the manager, phoned Chicago for an act to replace the O’Connors. Chicago said they had two spare acts—or rather HAD had two, but that two members of one had come down with an illness and a member of another had been in an auto wreck. The third was sent some place else where something went wrong. All on Friday the thirteenth. tt tt tt WALTER HUSTON told this one on himself when he was in town last week-end to appear in “Dodsworth” at English’s. Mr. Huston was playing “The Barker” at a New York theater and parked his car across the street, after ascertaining the cops on the the beat would not object. One night when he emerged from the stage door and walked over to where his car was parked, he found a policeman waiting for him. “Say, buddy,” the copper said, “what d’yuh mean parkin’ yer car here all evening? Can’t yuh read the ‘no parkin’ ’ signs?” u tt tt “TJUT I understood that it would -Dbe all right for me to park here,” Mr. Huston replied. “Say, who d’yuh think you are that you should be allowed to park here and nobody else?” “Why I’m Walter Huston, and I’m playing in that theater across the street.” After a pause the cop replied. “So you’re Walter Huston. D’yuh know the last time I saw you?” “No, I don’t,” said Mr. Huston. “Well, you were doing vaudeville at the Palace and I played the cornet in the pit orchestra.” tt tt tt ON a Tuesday morning during the late cold spell the water pipes in Mr. A’s house froze. He lives here in Indianapolis and there are two children in the family. It was necessary to get water. Mr. A called the water company and their engineers said the break undoubtedly was within Mr. A’s property line and that it was none of their affair. He called a plumber and the plumber said the ground was frozen too hard—that he- had better wait for warmer weather. The newspaper, said the plumber, said it was going to get warmer. Mr. A went to the Weather Bureau and .asked them. They said it undoubtedly would get warmer but that it would get colder first. Mr. A asked whether ground thawed from the bottom up or the top down. The Weather Bureau said from both ways. tt tt tt MEANTIME water had to be carried from next door and the bathtub was filled. The young daughter saw the full tub and thought something was wrong. She pulled out the plug. Mr. A attached a length of garden hose to the neighbor’s tap and that was satisfactory until it, too, froze and burst. The plumber dug on Mr. A’s lot and found that the break was under the street and outside the property line. He said he couldn’t dig in the street—only the water company could do that. Mr. A went to the water company and officials there said they had had 2000 calls that week and couldn’t give special attention to any particular one. It was Thursday by then. tt tt tt MR. A quit work and camped in the construction department of the company. He finally ran on to a man who turned out to be the manager. He said the company would dig, but that if the break was within the property line the company couldn’t do anything about it. The company dug in the wrong place, and then dug in the right place. The workers came to a sixinch pipe they said was burst, and, calling it the responsibility of Mr. A, picked up their shovels and left, saying they couldn't do anything about it. Mr. A called his plumber back and the. plumber worked with a steam arrangement from 8:30 Saturday morning to 4 Sunday morning before it was fixed.

TODAY’S SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

A STRONOMERS are wondering if they will ever again see the “Delporte object,” the smallest heavenly body known with the exception of the meteors or shooting stars. At present it is receding from the earth at a speed of 1,000,000 miles per day. The star-gazers are hoping that they have calculated its orbit with sufficient precision to find it upon its return. There is the possibility, however, that the influence of the planets may disturb its orbit sufficiently to "make it impossible to find it again. Observations mare photographically at the Harvard Observatory ard visually by Dr. G. Van Biesbroeck at the Yerkes Observatory, indicate that the object is an asteroid and not a comet. In both cases the object was found to have the sharp star-like image characteristic of asteroids and not the fuzzy outline which distinguishes a comet. Approximately 1000 asteroids are known. They revolve in an orbit between the planets Mars and Jupiter. According to one theory they are the remnants of a planet which disintegrated. The largest known, Ceres, has a diameter of 480 miles.

AND NOT A SAFETY ZONE IN SIGHT!

The Hoosier Forum I disapprove of what you say—and will defend to the death your right to say it. — Voltaire.

tTimes readers are invited to express their views in these columns, religious controversies excluded. Make vour letters short, so all can have a chance. Limit them to 2io words or less. Your letter must be sianed. but names will be withheld on reauest.) tt tt a WHEN, HE ASKS, WILL RELIEF BE SHIFTED? By Times Reader The President was visited by members of the National Economic Council, composed of some of the leading business men of the nation, who urged a curtailment of Federal spending for relief, and establishment of a balanced budget. Firmly and quietly the President replied: “When you business leaders are able to re-employ this group on relief, we will curtail relief expenditures. It is for you to make relief unnecessary as a condition for reducing the relief expenditures.” Relief expenditures are a form of charity, and receipt of charity is always humiliating to the self-re-specting person. These relief expenditures do not attempt to solve the problem which makes the expenditure necessary. These expenditures are in reality an irritant that causes a prolongation of time for which relief must be supplied. The “proletarian mind” represented by the relief victim is responsible for the condition in which the group on relief finds itself. The group lacks a fundamental requirement necessary to raise it above the willingness to accepi charity. When this group recognizes its potential power as a creative agent, and organizes its individual initiative power into group initiative, to produce and distribute the normal requirements of life on an abundant scale, then relief will cease. These groups have lost more than a job, they have lost the will to create on their own initiative the things to make for rich living. Poor thinking is behind their poor living. If the government wants to be relieved of its burden of relief, it should teach this group how to use its latent power for the creation of

Watch Your Health

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN FOR years the belief has prevailed that it might be possible to control arthritis and rheumatic disease by diet. Some have argued that the diet should be poor in protein; others that the sugar should be reduced. Many persons with arthritis are overweight. Therefore, the first diet tried should always be one with a low number of calories and a small amount of carbohydrates. People with arthritis usually take plenty of water; in fact, 12 to 14 glasses daily, instead of the usu'-.i eight. Otherwise, the diet in arthritis may be just about the same as that in any infection with low fever. For a person with chronic arthritis, the diet is kept much the same, except that there is more solid food. You should remember, however, that diet alone does not cure arthritis. This, notwithstanding the fact that a great many dietary agitators claim avoidance of mixtures of proteins and carbohydrates, or of other food combinations, will control the disease. tt a tt KEEP in mind that arthritis tends to get better and to get worse, and the latest diet or meth-

IF YOU CAN’T ANSWER, ASK THE TRIES!

Inelose a 3-cent stamp (or reply when addressing any question of fact or information to The Indianapolis Times Washington Service Bureau, 1013 13thst. N. W., Washington. D- C. Leg'-U and medical advice can not be given, uor can extended research be undertaken. Q —When were 1-cent pieces with the Indian Head design first issued? A—lr;. 1859. Q—What is a coloratura singer? A—A soprano who embellishes her songs with trills and graces, rapid runs and other melodic figures introduced for display. Q —When was the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad built? A—lt was chartered in 1827; ground was broken for construction on July 4, 1828, and on May 22. 1330, the first division, between Baltimore and EUicott Mills, was opened.

initiative in co-operative enterprise, to supply their wants in abundance. After the teaching has gripped their imagination and fired them ready for action, the government should loan them funds at low interest for the development of cooperative production and distribution, and the organization of credit for their social use. The Japanese government has assisted 14,000 co-operative organizations for the economic development of its citizens. This fosters initiative and prevents its having the relief problem, due to a psychosis of paternalism. When will Uncle Sam shift the burden? tt tt >r FRENCH ARE BLAMED FOR.. EUROPEAN SITUATION By B. C. Reading the dispatches from Europe these days is a good deal like watching the sputter and crackle of a spark moving along a fuse toward a sheaf of dynamite sticks. You get the feeling that there will be a grand explosion pretty soon if somebody doesn’t get up and stamp on the spark; and so far everybody’s feet seem to be nailed to the floor. Whatever happens to this newest development in the Rhineland, no one can doubt that the people overseas are building up for a war. It may come next week and it may not come until 1938, but that it is actually on the way is painfully evident. And as the screams of virtuous surprise go up to the unfeeling heavens from France, it might as well be pointed out right here that the French have been asking for something like this for the last 18 years. Whoever may have been to blame for the war of 1914, the one clear fact is that when that war ended the way was open, for the first time in modern history, to build an enduring peace in Europe. The militarists were discredited; the common people were everlastingly sick of -war. But tired old Georges Clemenceau was a great hater, and he took his people along with him. Germany

od of treatment may be given credit for the improvement, or be blamed for the relapse. In every infectious conditions or in every long disease, there is a tendency to damage the blood. Hence, a person with chronic arthritis must make certain that he receives enough iron, liver, and similar materials to keep his blood in good condition, even though he does gain weight. Here is a sample day’s menu which will give the patient about 2000 calories, and which also will provide all necessary bloodbuilding substances: Breakfast: Juice of one orange (chilled), one soft-boiled egg, buttered toast, coffee with cream and sugar (limited). Luncheon: One tablespoonful of boiled rice, buttered, broiled calves’ liver, stewed celery, sliced tomato, one com muffin with butter, baked banana, glass of milk. Dinner: Roast beef, lamb or one-half broiled chicken, mashed potatoes, carrots with butter sauce, pear salad, mayonnaise dressing, one slice of bread and butter, prune jelly with two tablespoons of cream, glass of milk.

Q —When was “David CopDerfield,” by Charles Dickens, firs! - , published? A—ln 1850. Q —What is the selection played after “Adeste Fideles” at the beginning of the motion picture, “A Tale of Two Cities”? A—lt is an original selection by Herbert Stothart, musical director of the production. Q—What is the estimated amount of damage done annually by rats in the United States? A—About $2 per person, or roughly more than $233,000,000 a year. Q —What is the source of the biblical story about three Hebrews who were cast into a fiery furnace and came out unscathed? A—Book of Daniel, Chapter 3.

was saddled with an impossible peace. Reparations totals were put ’way up beyond the farthest borders of sanity. Every humiliation that could be devised was imposed. As the years went on, France’s attitude remained the same. Germany was to live, permanently, crushed and impotent. The fact that Germany for some years had a government which honestly tried to work out some peaceful solution to Germany’s problems made no difference; the unyielding, die-hard attitude of France made it impossible for that government to survive and gave Herr Hitler and his Nazi thugs the kind of soil in which they could grow. So what we have today—German troops along the Rhine, French troops moving to the frontier, the spark sputtering its way closer and closer to the dynamite—is merely the logical fruit of French post-war policy. France has been asking for trouble ever since the war. If the trouble comes, and we are asked in the name of Lafayette for sympathy, money and guns, let’s remember that. tt tt tt FLAYS LEGISLATORS FOR MERIT VOTE By E. S. Barber Shame, shame on our legislators for overwhelmingly voting down the merit system, and without the courage to put themselves on record individually. Is there one among them bold enough to tell why he voted against it? Can there be any reason other than a love for rotten politics? Do they like having the name “politician” a term of reproach? Have they ever had the glorious dream of being truly a servant of the people, disinterested, conscientious, acting only for the public good? It only shows we must be more wide-awake in choosing our representatives, more active in supporting the splendid few who truly represent us. JUSTIFIABLE HOMICIDE BY POLLY LOIS NORTON Bare branches clutch at slate skies Like sorrow, stark and grim, To pierce the sullen winter’s eyes And murder him. DAILY THOUGHT When my father and my mother forsake me, then the Lord will take me up.—Psalms xxvii, 10. THE voice of parents is the voice of gods, for to their children they are Heaven’s lieutenants.— Shakespeare.

SIDE GLANCES

TnlliiK 1 f ii

“The real iun comes ir writing, the next chapter—two gun fights and an ax murder.”

MARCH lfi, 1931>

Vagabond from Indiana ERNIE PYLE

EDITOR'S NOTE—This rovinj reporter for The Times jroes where he pleases, when he pleases, in searrh of odd stories about this and that. NEW ORLEANS, March 16. Some people say of this fabulous spot that it is “The City of the Psychological Souse.” They say that when you get within 100 miles you begin to feel a little drunk just on the idea of New Orleans, and that with every turn of the wheels you get a little drunker, and that when you get here you're completely out of control—on a spiritual binge. That is true. Anything you may say about New Orleans, good or bad, is true. There never was a city anywhere, I suppose, like it. It is a fantastic, hypnotic, mystic sort of place. The first time I ever came here, I “got” the place in a minute. It was what I wanted it to be. It was everything I had heard about it. But I couldn't put a finger on it. So this time I have been pinning people down. “Tell me what it is about New Orleans," I say to them. “How are the people different? What is in their hearts? Just exactly what is the psychology of New Orleans, or t.ie spirit, or the mental state, or whatever you call it?” a tt a PEOPLE scratch their heads, and feel around for words, and think up examples and tell them, and then say “No, that isn't it. Wait a minute now, while I think." So it's like music, or the wind. You can't see it. you can't put it in a bottle, you can’t hang clothes on it, but it's there all right. It’s there pounding in your temples and singing in your heart. People care a little less in New Orleans. They're born to a “what the hell” attitude. They grow up to take a chance. They have a heritage in them, and they're hardly conscious of it. They have a heritage of hot blood mixtures, of warm weather and great rainfall, of pirates and buccaneers and revolutionists, of great wealth and great poverty, of battles and heroes and grand ladies, and balconies and iron lace and ships from far corners, and haughtiness and dignity and carousal. tt tt tt THE spirit of New Orleans is a spirit of pleasure. And it’s just as strong in the “shotgun cottages” of the poor suburbs as in the shuttered homes of the proud Creoles. Maybe stronger. The people of New Orleans believe devoutly in their rights to drink, dance, gamble, make love and worship God. People grow up drinking. Saloons are everywhere. A drunk is never arrested unless he’s harming other people. People grow up dancing. In tha winter there are probably more dances here than anywhere in the world. People grow up to take & chance. New Orleans will fight for its right to gamble. Every night hundreds of pepple. common ordinary people, take their dollar or two or three and go shoot the works. tt a a AND what is the cause of it all? Just circumstances, I guess. There was the mixture of French and Spanish, a combinaiton cf teeming temperaments. New Orleans was nearly 100 years old before it had American residents in it. There was its location, which made it rich, which made it the greatest port in the South, and which even today keeps it the second port in America. Whenever a population rises around deep water and docks and ships from far away, there is a tang and a color about it. Its location did something else, too —it bred a spirit of struggle, a back-to-the-wall psychology. New Orleans for 200 years has fought harder against water than most cities ever fought in a war. Its location also has made it a fighting city. It fought the Indians, and the British, and the North, and the French and Spanish fought each other, and it has always been an outpost hotbed for revolutionaries. And there is the climate. Southern Louisiana is warm. Things grow quickly. Men move slowly. It is hot, and there is time for pleasure. After a few generations it gets in the blood, and becomes part of you, like getting hungry. New Orleans hungers for pleasure, and has it, and let him beware who tries to interfere.

By George Clark