Indianapolis Times, Volume 47, Number 308, Indianapolis, Marion County, 4 March 1936 — Page 3
MARCH 4, 1936
RUSSIA WOULD FIGHT JAPAN TO PROTECT MONGOLIA, SAYS JOSEF STALINJN STATEMENT Germany Is Other Danger Spot, Soviet Dictator Warns in His First Utterance on World Affairs Since July, 1934.
(Continued From Page One) by the Soviets as of an aggressive nature?” “The Japanese seem to be continuing to concentrate their troops on the frontier of the Mongolian Peoples’ Republic,” Stalin replied, “But so far there have been no new attempts to create border incidents.” “The Soviet Union appears to believe that Germany and Poland have aggressive designs against the Soviet Union and are planning military co-operation,” was the next question. “Poland, however, has protested her unwillingness to permit any foreign troops to use her territory as a base for operation against a third nation. How docs the Soviet Union envisage such aggression by Germany? From what posi'ion and in what direction would the German military forces operate?” “History shows,” Stalin replied, “that when a state is intent on war against another state, even one not adjacent, the aggressor seeks an intermediate state whose frontiers touch those of the object of her aggression. “Usually it is successful in finding such a frontier. This is accomplished sometimes by force, as in 1914 in Belgium, or by other means, as in 1918, when the Germans ‘borrowed’ the Latvian frontier in a drive against Leningrad. “Wars Simply Start” “I do not know what specific frontiers would be best adapted to the German purposes, but I think they would find a people prepared to lend them a frontier.” “Seemingly the entire world today is predicting another great war. If it proves inevitable, when, Mr. Stalin, do you think it will come?” “It is impossible to say. It may come very unexpectedly. Nowadays wars are not declared. They simply start. “However, I feel that the position of the friends of peace is improving. They have the advantage of being able to work in the open by such instruments as the League of Nations with the assistance of powerful public opinion. They have tremendous support in the objection to war shared by the masses of all nations. There is today no people wanting war. Sees Two Danger Spots “On the other hand, the proponents of war must work in the dark, to their disadvantage. Nevertheless, it is not improbable that this very fact may tempt them to an act of desperation. One of the newest successes of the friends of peace is ratification of the Franco-Soviet mutual assistance pact by the French chamber- This pact is a certain obstacle to the enemies of peafe.” “Should war come, Mr. Stalin, where is it most likely to break out? Where are the war clouds most menacing, in the East or in the West?” “In my opinion there are two focal points of danger—one in the Far East in the zone of Japan and the other in Europe in the zone of Germany. What I have in mind are numerous statements in Japan by military men containing threats against other powers. “It is difficult to say which is the more menacing war danger. They both exist and both are smoldering. Compared to either of these, the Italian-Ethiopian conflict is an episode. Terms Capitalism Menace “For the moment, perhaps, the situation in the Far East is more menacing but the center of danger may shift to Europe. Evidence of this was Herr Hitler’s recent interview in a Paris paper in which his statement, though pacific in terminology, carried with it threats against both Fiance and the Soviet Union. It is symptomatic that even when Herr Hitler speaks peace, he can not dispense with threats.” "What situation or condition in your opinion, Mr. Stalin, furnishes the chief war menace today?” “Capitalism. You recall the origins of the last World War—the desires of the great powers to redivide the world. Today we face the some state of affairs. There are certain states which feel they have not shared equally in the distribution of territories markets, raw materials, spheres of influence. “Capitalism in its imperialistic phase is a system which regards war as a legitimate instrument for settling international disputes. Although it does not give this method legal status, it accepts it in fact.” Denies Fears Justified “May there not be an element of danger in the genuine fear existing in what you term capitalistic countries of intent on the part of the Soviet Union to force its political theories on other nations?” "There is no justification for such fear. If those to whom you refer believe that the people of the Soviet Union have any desire to alter the face of things b.v force or to change the established order in surrounding states by force, they are entirely mistaken. “The people of the Soviet Union would naturally like to see the face of things changed in the outside world, but that matter is the business of the surrounding world itself. I fail to see how our mere ideas can menace any of these states if they are firmly seated in their saddles.” Says Beliefs “Tragi-Comic” “Does that mean the Soviet Union has to any degree abandoned its plans and intentions of bringing about world revolution?” “We never had any such plan or intention.” “You appreciate, no doubt, Mr. Stalin, that much of the world has long entertained a different impression?” “Well, Mr. Howard, that is a product of misunderstanding. A tragic misunderstanding. No, a comic one—well, tragi-comic. We
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Marxists believe that revolution will occur in other countries, but only at a time when it will be considered possible or necessary by the revolutionists in each specific country. “To attempt to export revolution is nonsense. Without desire within a country, there will be no revolution. The Russian people desired revolution and brought it about. Now we are engaged in building a society without classes. But to presume that wc want to bring about revolution in other countries by interference with their national life is unwarranted.” Discuss Litvinoff's Letter At this point in the conversation I turned to Litvinoff's letter of Nov. 16, 1933, to President Roosevelt, containing the famous Paragraph 4 reading: “Not to permit the formation or residence on its territory of any organization or group—and to prevent the activity on its territory or any organization or group, or of representatives or officials of any organization or group—which has as an aim the overthrow or the preparation for the overthrow of, or bringing about by force, of a change in, the political or social order of the whole or any part of the United States, its territories or possessions.” “Why, Mr. Stalin, did Litvinoff sign this letter if compliance with the terms of Paragraph 4 is incompatible with the interest of the Soviet Union or beyond its control?” “Execution of Paragraph 4 is within our control,” declared Stalin. “We have carried out its provisions and will continue to dc so. According to our constitution, political emigres have the right of asylum in our territory, the same as in the United States. Interpretation Broader “When Litvinoff signed the letter you mention, it was on the assumption that the obligation is mutual. Does it, in American opinion, conflict with the Roosevelt-Litvinoff agreement if there are White Russian emigres in America, sometimes representing terroristic groups, propagandizing on American soil for capitalism against the Soviets and receiving moral and material assistance from Americans? “As far as we are concerned, we never would tolerate a single terrorist on our territory, regardless of against whom his crimes are contemplated- Apparently the American interpretation of th# right of asylum is broader than ours. "We do not mind. The argument can be advanced that we sympathize with foreign political emigres sojourning in our territory, but are there not Americans who sympathize with White Russian emigres propagandizing for capitalism against the Soviets? Recognizes Reasonable Limit “If so, what is most important is that we both don’t assist or finance such activities and that official agents of both countries abstain from interfering with home affairs of other countries. “However, if we go too far in claims and counter-claims on this subject and ask for the deportation of all White Russian emigres from the United States, then we might undermine the right of asylum existing in both countries. A reasonable limit to our claims and counterclaims must be recognized by each. “Litvinoff signed the letter to Roosevelt not as a private citizen, but as a representative of the state, as did Roosevelt in his letter. This is an agreement between two states and its vital consideration concerns the activities of agents of those two states. The agreement, which is an understanding between two governments, can be interpreted only within this framework.” “U. S. Communism Legal” “Did not Browder anci Darcy, American Communists appearing before the seventh Congress of the Communist International in Moscow last summer, appeal for the overthrow by force of the American government?” “I don’t recall what Browder and Darcy said. Maybe they said something of that nature, but the Soviet people did not found the American Communist Party. “The American Communist Party, was created by Americans. Its existence in the United States is legal. The American Communist Party is represented by ballot even in national elections. “What Browder and Darcy may have said once in Moscow probably will be said a hundred times in stronger terms on American soil. It would be unfair to hold the Soviet government responsible for the activities of American Communists.” “But in this instance, is it not a fact that their activities occurred on Soviet soil contrary to the terms of Paragraph 4?” “You mention the activity of American Communists on Soviet soil. But what does activity of the Communist Party mean? Organization meetings, sometimes strikes, demonstrations, etc. They couldn’t possibly organize them on Soviet soil. We have no American workers in the U. S. S. R.” “I take it that the gist of your thought, then, is that interpretation can be made which would safer 50i
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guard and continue good relations between oar countries?” “Yes, absolutely.” “Admittedly, Communism has not been achieved in Russia. State socialism has.. Have not Fascism in Italy and National Socialism in Germany claimed to have attained similar results? Have not both been achieved at the price of deprivation of personal liberty, sacrificed for the good of the state?” Communism Not Achieved “No, Communism has not beer, achieved in the Soviet Union so far. It is not easy. But your term ‘state socialism’ is not exact. “Many people refer to a condition as state socialism when a considerable amount of national wealth passes to government ownership, sometimes for military advantage, even chough the majority of wealth remains in private hands. “The social order which we have built up so far can not be termed state socialism in this sense. The Soviet system is fundamentally socialistic because there is no private ownership of factories, land, banks, railways, mines, etc. Our system—which not yet has been quite completed—is socialistic because the foundation of society is common state’s ownership, ownership by the people or ownership by co-operatives and collective farms. “Everybody Obliged to Work” “Italian Fascism or German National Socialism do not have anything in common with such a system because in those countries prijate ownership of industry is not affected. Capitalism in those countries still has full effectiveness. “Under socialism a certain inequality concerning property remains but there is no more unemployment, exploitation or oppression of one nationality by another. Everybody is obliged to work and is compensated not according to his needs but according to the quantity and quality of the work. “That is why wages have not been equalized. Only that society can be called Communistic in which people are compensated not on the basis of the quantity or quality of the work produced but on the basis of their needs. “Perhaps you thing Socialist society discounts personal liberty, but ihat is not correct. If you are going to build a house you must economize and make sacrifices. Even more is it true if you are building anew society. “It is necessary for us temporarily to limit certain of our demands to accumulate the necessary resources. We have made this sacrifice with the definite objective of developing real freedom in the best sense of the term.” “Do you view as compatible,” Stalin was asked, “the coincidental development of American democracy and the Soviet system?” “Yes. American democracy and the Soviet system can exist and compete peacefully but one can never develop into the other. Soviet democracy will never evolve into American democracy or vice versa. “We can exist and develop peacefully if we do not indulge in too much mutual fault-finding about trifling things.” Stone Company Seeks to Reorganize Seeking to reorganize under the Federal bankruptcy act, the Shawnee Stone Cos,, Bloomington, has filed a petition in Federal Court. The company sets out that it sustained losses of $252,899 in 1932; $65,549 in 1933, $59,881 in 1934 and $88,273 in 1935.
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THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES .
Miss Margaret Yoder, 20-year-old De Pauw University student, has the distinction today of being the first nonsorority Junior Prom Queen on the Greencastle campus. The daughter of Mr. and Mrs. R. O. Yoder, Angola, she was the choice of Junior classmen from a field of eight candidates and is to reign at the gala social event March 21.
M'NUTT PLANS ARE .ATTACKED Dissatisfied Democrats May Jo : n Minority in Fight on Security Bills. (Continued From Page One) dars of bills held over from the 1935 session. Failure of the two houses to take this action would leave the bills “alive” and subject to consideration. From South Bend today came reports that the four St. Joseph County Republican members of the assembly have pledged themselves against such a move. They aie Senator Ralph Jernegan and Reps. Clyde Jordan, George Matthews and Stanley Gilbert. Senator Jernegan has pending in the upper house, a bill for gross income tax law repeal and substitution of a sales tax. Rep. Gilbert has a like bill pending in the House. Voice Opposition to Feature All four voiced opposition to the centralization features of the welfare bill and agreed they will join the large group which will insist on paying old-age pensions to persons 65 in 1937. The bill now provides for payment to persons of that age in 1938. Merchants of Huntington, Ind.. and Huntington County last night passed a resolution asking so- the repeal of the gross income tax law at the special session. Merchants at Muncie also ha/e begun circulation of letters askingsupport in a movement to repeal the law. Members of both houses are to caucus tonight at 7:30, the majority members at the Statehouse and the minority at the Clapyool. Provisions may be made tonight for public hearings on the controversial unemployment insurance bill. Both employer and employe groups are seeking representation. Organization Is Intact The machinery necessary to perform the routine functions of the assembly is expected to start clicking smoothly immediately for the organization used in the last session is intact. Members of the assembly staff who have become regular administration employes have been given leaves of absence for duration of the session. Each house is to convene at 10 tomorrow morning and then meet in the House of Representatives in joint session to hear Gov. McNutt’s social security message. Program for the remainder of the day is unsettled. Administration leaders are considering the simultaneous introduction of the three social security bills in each house tomorrow afternoon. • Impetus to active opposition to the social security welfare bill was given yesterday when the county and township officers association adopted resolutions condemning the administration program. Smith Would Join Bolt Senator Leo X. Smith, Indianapolis, announced he would join in any attempt that may be made to bolt the session. Administration leaders deprecated reports that the county and township organization might be able to muster so much opposition to the administration program that a quorum would not be obtainable. Senator Smith has prepared a bill limiting the number of old-age pension investigators and welfare workers and requiring the Senate's approval of State Welfare Board appointments.
STERN, COLLINS FILE APPEALS IN FRAUD CASE Schweitzer Already Free on SIO,OOO Bond Pending Hearing. Louis Stern and Harry N. Collins have filed appeal of their sentences in connection with the Stern & Cos. mail fraud cases. Previously Sam Schweitzer, the third member of the group, already had filed in the Circuit Court of Appeals in Chicago. Schweitzer is free on a $10,003 bond, and Collins was allowed to go free on his original $2500 bond by Judge Robert Baltzell, pending an investigation of his connections with the firm. Stern is still in Jail. Schweitzer was sentenced last Saturday to eight years in prison and fined $7500; Stern, five years and SSOOO, and Collins one year and S2OOO. At that time Judge Baltzell indicated that if Collins has a good record he may reduce the sentence.
Health Program to Be Inexpensive, Is Claim
This is the last of a series of stories outlining Indiana's social security problem and proposed legislation that is * effect it during the special session of the Legislature, opening tomorrow. BY JAMES DOSS Indiana is to have a health program broad in scope, but not initially costly, as a result of the state’s participation in the health phase of social security legislation. The program to be financed jointly by the state and Federal governments and is divided into two phases, public health and child and maternal health. The state is to receive approximately $131,000 for both parts of the program. In addition, there is approximately $43,000 that may be made available without matching that amount, and another $60,000 that may be obtained by matching. Dr. Verne K. Harvey, director of the Division of Public Health, administrative agency, does not believe the $60,000 is to be needed. The amount necessary is to be determined by the alacrity with which the counties join in the program. May Become Necessary The division now operates on an annual budget of approximately $200,000. Enough of this now is spent on health work to allow the state to obtain slightly more than $60,000 without matching. Part of the money allocated under the Federal program is for special health problems. It is possible that this fund, $5750, to be matched by state funds, may not be used because the allocations for this phase of work were made chiefly on the basis of geographical problems. These include malaria and pellagra in the south and the recurrent plague menace near seaports. Dr. Harvey believes, however, that the growing industrial importance of the state may make it necessary to use this fund for research and study of occupational disease. County Plan Advocated Views of Johns Hopkins and Harvard experts are regarded as the best thought on the subject, Dr. Harvey said. Accordingly, these ideas probably are to be followed in setting up activities made possible by Federal aid. The public health phase of social security, it is emphasized, is to deal with rural areas except where agreements are made with cities. Indianapolis probably is to be precluded from participation because it is operating under an old law passed especially for its benefit. Although a county unit plan is advocated by medical authorities Dr. Harvey does not legard a county of less than 30,000 population adaptable for the plan, unless it combines with another. There probably are to be three main divisions in the county system, according to Dr. Harvey. It
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OFFICIAL WEATHER __.l'nited Stitrs Weather Bureau_
Sunrise 6:14 I Sunset 5:40 TEMPERATURE —March 4, 1935 7 a. m 49 1 p. m 66 —Today—--6 a. m 49 10 a. m........ 4i 7 a. m 49 11 a. m 4 8 a. m 45 12 (Noon) 48 9 a. m 44 ■ 1 p. m 48 BAROMETER 7a. m.... .. 29.90 Ip. m 29.98 Precipitation 24 hrs. endinc 7a. m . 00 Total precipitation since Jan. 1 4 54 Deficiency since Jan. 1 1.59 OTHER CITIES AT 7 A. M. Station. Weather. Bar. Temp. Amarillo. Tex Cloudy 29.94 42 Bismarck, N. D Cloudy 30.18 1C Boston Clear 30.02 34 Chicago PtCld.v 29.90 38 Cincinnati Cloudy 29 90 50 Denver Rain 30.04 36 Dodge City. Kas Cloudy 30 10 34 Helena, Mont Cloudy 30.12 38 Jacksonville. Fla PtCldy 30.12 56 Kansas City, Mo PtCldy 30.10 38 Little Rock. Ark Cloudy 29.96 52 Los Angeles Cloudy 29.92 52 Miami. Fla Clear 30.10 72 Minneapolis Clear 30.06 16 Mobile. Ala Cloudy 30.04 56 New Orleans .... Rain 30 00 62 New' York . Clear 30.04 38 Okla. City. Okla Cloudy 29.88 52 Omaha. Neb Clear 30 20 30 Pittsburgh Clear 29.86 42 Portland. Ore Cloudy 30.20 38 San Antonio. Tex Cloudy 29.90 58 San Francisco Clear 29.86 60 St. Louis PtCldy 29.96 48 Tampa. Fla Cloudy 30 10 60 Washington. D. C Foggy 30.04 32
would be headed by a health officer, who naturally would be a physician; a public health nurse service, and a sanitation personnel headed by an engineer capable of dealing with water, milk, food and sewage. Such a plan has been in operation in Lake County since January. Additional Federal funds obtainable for child and maternal health are to be spent largely for educational work. For example, lecturers are to be sent into communities to enlighten residents on child and maternal problems. Part of the money may be spent for motion pictures dealing with such subjects. Three Bills Drawn Os the three social security bills drawn for the special session, it is believed the health bill is to be least mutilated, if at all, by amendments. The measures dealing with unemployment insurance and the old-age pension, blind pension and children’s welfare administration are expected to be riddled with changes before being signed by Gov. McNutt. The answer to the best administration for the problems is such a controversial one. and since there is such a lack of past experience, drastic changes are regarded as inevitable. In contrast, it is pointed out that the state health department, in operation more than 50 years, is broadening its work rather than taking on an unfamiliar activity. It was largely because of its established status, legislative leaders say, that the department was not put under the proposed State Welfare Board which is to administer most social security work. Must Meet Qualifications The department is now required by law to pass on qualifications of county health officers and public nurses. It does not appoint, but prescribes their requirements. Dr. Harvey’s attitude toward public health work is interesting in view of the battle between proponents of “home rule,” and a strong centralized administration. “I am opposed,” he says, “to using allocations to build and increase the state agency. Naturally, some growth is necessary because of increased supervision likely to ensue as counties participate. “My chief interest is in using as much as possible of the funds for promoting more adequate public health facilities in communities.” POSTAL RECEIPTS RISE February Shows $6285 Increase Over Month Year Ago. Postal receipts for February show an increase of $6285.21 over the corresponding month of last year, Postmaster Adolph Seidensticker announced today. The only decrease shown was in permit mail, whi<!h showed a loss of $2762.81. Total reepeits for last month were $309,339.89.
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AVERAGE CORPORATION LEVY OF 331-2 PER CENT ADVISED BY TREASURY’S TAX EXPERTS
Undistributed Profits Would Be Affected Under Recommendation. (Continued From Page One) call for any exemptions of part of corporation reserves. He said it was “the general idea" that banks and life insurance companies would be exempt from the far-reaching corporate tax proposal made by the President in his message to Congress yesterday. Rep. ’Hill estimated that the proposed tax rate, in the Treasury’s opinion, would not “prevent corporations from building up reserves.” Tax Would Be About Same He asserted that if companies held back 50 per cent of their net earnings they would not have to pay any higher taxes than at present. The present corporate levies, the income tax, the excess profits tax and capital stock tax would be repealed under the President’s proposal. Rep. Hill said that no other phases of the President's tax suggestions were discussed. The subcommittee arranged to meet later in the day with the same experts. Minority Leader Bertrand H. Snell (N. Y.), asserted that the President's tax program did not clarify “the tangled budget situation” but is “the official end of the ‘breathing spell for business.’ ” Stock Market Rises Mr. Roosevelt’s proposal caused a rapid rise in stock values on the New York Exchange yesterday on the theory that if enacted it would force corporations to divide surpluses among stockholders. President Roosevelt, apparently anticipating critisism, met it almost immediately yesterday in a. press conference in which he denied his tax proposal would heap a cruel burden on business and claimed it would expand trade. HAUCK IS TO OPPOSE NEW BRUNO REPRIEVE Prosecutor Flays Governor for ‘Flaunting Courts’ of New Jersey. Bu United Prefix TRENTON. N. J., March 4.—The chances for Bruno Richard Hauptmann to live past the week of March 30 were lessened today when Prosecutor Anthony Hauck of Hunterdon County, announced he had “every determination” to fight against any further reprieve for the convicted slayer of Charles A. Lindbergh Jr. “I feel that the Governor of this state has laughed at and flaunted the courts long enough,” Mr. Hauck said. “I feel it is my duty to oppose any attempt to further delay the just execution of sentence on the man who killed the Lindbergh baby.” STATE G. 0. P. HEA _ DS HOLD ROUTINE SESSION Mrs. Beryl Holland Presides in Absence of Don Irwin. The Republican State Committee met here today to transact routine business, Harry C. Fenton, state secretary, said, adding that it was unlikely that the platform advisory committee would be selected because of the absence of Don B. Irwin, state chairman. In Mr. Irwin's absence, Mrs. Beryl Holland of Bloomington, vice chairman, was in charge of the session at the Claypool. It was announced that no place has been selected for the state convention June 3, but that both Cadle Tabernacle and a State Fairground building are being considered. Magazine Official to Speak Magazine advertising is to be discussed by Albert N. Butler, western representative of McCall Cos., New York, at the Advertising Club luncheon tomorrow in the Columbia Club.
President Observes Third Anniversary as Head of Nation. BY LYLE C. WILSON I'nited Press Staff Correspondent WASHINGTON, March 4. —President Roosevelt observed the third anniversary of his inauguration today, well into his 1936 fight for reeleption against campaign criticism of New Deal spending and continued unemployment. The President is charged with violating his oath to protect the Constitution. He has countered that the Supreme Court has placed a narrow "horse and buggy” interpretation on the Federal government’s authority to cope with national questions. Republioan attack strikes at alleged White House grasping of power. The New Deal claims, however, that the “little fellow” element of the population accepts Mr. Roosevelt as its champion and will parade to the polls for him. Democratic leaders find much comfort in the belief that labor generally leans toward the New Deal. Farley Is Confident Postmaster General James A. Farley predicts the election will return in unprecedented vote of confidence in Roosevelt reform and recovery. But the Republican legions, which were hopeless 18 months ago, have found new confidence in evidence that the President's popularity has slumped. Re-alignment of political parties is underway as this anniversary passes and the nation heads into the presidential campaign. A faction of conservative Democrats has bolted Mr. Roosevelt and others are preparing to take a walk. Some progressive Republicans are marching with New Deal troops. Another progressive faction is contesting Republican regulars for control of the G. O. P. Unemployment Heads List This third anniversary finds M Roosevelt possessing some advantag in the presidential sweepstakes, bu far from the long-odds favorite hi appeared to be 18 months ago. Government spending and continued unemployment are at the top of any list of anti-Roosevelt campaign issues. Data on the jobless are faulty, but it is assumed upward of 10,000.000 to 12,000,000 employable persons still lack jobs provided by private capital. Federal spending and a series of unbalanced budgets beginning in 1931 when Mr. Hoover was in the White House have unnerved a large element of the business community and led to threats and fears currency or credit inflation. WPA MEN GET BLAME FOR ‘TOOJVIUCH’ WORK H. D. Tutewiler Complains Crew Cut His Trees by Mistake. Works Progress Administration laborers toiled so zealously on a street project that they plowed into private property and cut down 13 trees, it was disclosed at the Works Board meeting today. H. D. Tutewiler told the board that WPA workers assigned to opening Baltimore-st from 30th to 34thsts forgot to stop at 34th-st and began digging up his property. Indignant because his trees were cut down, Mr. Tutewiler said he was willing to accept $l4O and give the city the right of way on a fiveyear lease. Former State Penologist Dies Bu United Press MUNCIE, Ind., March 4.—Clifford Craig, former superintendent of the Indiana State Farm and chief clerk of the Indiana State Prison for 11 years, died yestedlay.
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