Indianapolis Times, Volume 47, Number 263, Indianapolis, Marion County, 11 January 1936 — Page 9

It Seems to Me HEVWOOD BROUN AITASHINGTON. Jan. il—"I did not contem- ’ ’ plat*." said Frank A. Vanderlip, “that the government of a country of more than a hundred million peoj/e might wholly disappear." The banker was testifying before the Senate Munitions Committee on the subject of Russian loans. He was flanked by John Pierpont Morgan and Thomas W. Lamont, also bankers and as the afternoon wore on it developed that these captains of finance were never very long on foresight. It seemed to me that they were quite sincere in their

reiterated contention that they did not realize that war loans were loaded Here were three of the rulers of America, and I did not get the impression that they were men of calculated anti-social intent. It was worse than that. Here was a trio of feudal lords, and before adjournment came I almost had the feeling that Mr. Morgan was the midget looking for some lap in which to sit. Asa matter of fact, the questioning by the Senators and their research assistants was not particularly inspired, either. After 20

Heywood Broun

years men were met trying to pier* together a Jigsaw puzzle, too many pieces of W’hich were missing to make a coherent whole. What did Mr. Davison mean whpn he said that Senator Stone was inspired by the German government, and from whence came his information? Mr. Davison being dead, who could tell? And so many others, so many million others were dead, and how’ could ihe old men remember just how it came about and what part they played in it, if any? tt tt tt Didn't Pretend In Re Neutral T TOOK the lapses of memory on the part of the •* financiers with no salt whatsoever. If any one of them could not precisely recall a little matter of ]0 million or so there was the excusing fact that they were being asked to recall small change and big days. Nor did I detect any lack of sincerity in the repeated assertions that in part their operations were conditioned by a genuine belief in the ethical righteousness of the allied cause. They never pretended to be neutral. Some of the committee's questions seemed decidedly niggling, for these sworn witnesses were quite obviously, in my opinion, trying to tell the truth. The only difficulty was that even 20 years ago they never comprehended it fully. As yet I see small evidence of a conscious plot upon the part of "the international bankers" to embroil us in the great war. Rather than a lawyyer, there should be a, psychoanalyst to search for inevitable and possibly buried streams of economic interest which could have animated three old men to pipe us into Flanders. Toward the end they probably knew, but in the beginning they had small comprehension of the political effect of their loans and credits. The name of William Jennings Bryan was mentioned frequently, since he w 7 as Secretary of State in those tragic days, and there was much evidence to show' the not altogether startling fact that Mr. Bryan was naive. But, for that matter, so were Messrs. Morgan, Lamont and Vanderlip. Late in the afternoon Mr. Whitney had a brief inning. He was a rather more romantic interlude than the rest. Seemingly, Mr. Whitney has never quite forgotten how he once saved the nation on a fateful day by bidding 100. if that is the figure, for United States Steel, and there is in him something of that tiny shade of excessive fervor sometimes found among Group Theater actors. tt tt tt Morgan Ta’ces It in Stride OF all tho famous financiers sworn in it seemed to me that J. P. Morgan was by far the most at ease. He did not talk a great deal, and in the intervals he seemed to find a good deal of enjoyment in coloring a meerschaum pipe. I was surprised to see that he and Mr. Lamont had dark pin-striped suits cut from identically the same bolt of goods. But it was nice material. Mr. Morgan w'as affable. Frequently he was amused. Like Bert Lahr, he prepares you for his jokes by doing his own laughter before he springs them. Bluff, hale, hearty and a little muddled was Mr. Morgan. On many occasions his memory refused (o be refreshed. Yet he was never abashed. He merely drew the tradition of the House of Morgan around his shoulders and sat completely insulated against embarrassment. But the picture was not funny, despite the occasional bursts of laughter. It was not avarice but, rather more, stupidity which set the legions marching to their doom. The truth of the matter, as I see it, is that the men who control our destinies are not quite bright. And that’s unfortunate. (Copyright. 1936'

Gen. Johnson Says—

NEW YORK. Jan. 11—The popular cry is that the Supreme Court outlawed the whole New Deal. But did it? Whether intended or not, there is a positive as well as a negative side to every discursive opinion of that court. In condemning one theory it at least implies approval of the reverse of that theory. All that actually was decided in the Schecter ease was that killing a chicken in Brooklyn is not interstate commerce and that the NRA code machinery delegated too much legislative power. But the court was at pains to describe the kind of machinery that would be valid. Here then, was a judicial implication of the framework of anew NRA statute that would have been constitutional. The same thing is true of the AAA opinion. The court, for the first time, construed the "general welfare" clause as conferring a broad power on the Federal government in addition to other more specific delegations. That was epochal. It probably validated unemployment expenditures. n n a THE court also upheld the doctrine of Massachusetts vs. Mellon that a tax payer can not attack a valid taxing power on the ground of unwise spending from the general funds of the government. In AAA, however, the court said that the purpose of AAA is regulation of farming, and found that purpose not to be within the power of the Federal governmer^. The court thought that the processing tax was not a real tax but an instrument and part of an invalid purpose. Since the purpose was invalid, the tax was bad. Does not this leave the door wide open to a law' directly subsidizing agricultural prices without attempting to regulate production? The-tax need be no part of the act or have any relation to it. If it promotes the general welfare to subsidize destitute workers, it is at least necessary to the general welfare to subsidize destitute farmers. That was the real purpose and effect of AAA. iCopyrisht, 1936. by Uni; and Ffiture Svndtcute. Inc.).

Paris Rejects Job

Bn Scrippt-Hotcard Xncspapcr Alliance WASHINGTON, Jan. 11.—Judge John M. Paris of Indiana has declined President* Roosevelt's appointment as impartial chairman of the Coal Labor Board because he is afraid the Guffey Coal Act will be ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. Judge Paris was named to the board last summer upon request of Senator Sherman Minton <D., Ind.L Senators Minton and Frederick VanNuvs <D.. Ind >. now have asked the President to transfer the appointment to former Judge William C. Waitt of Indiana. Other members of the Coal Labor Board are John J. O'Leary. Pittsburgh, representing labor, and Lee Gunther, Knoxville, Tenn., the operators.

Foil Leased Wire Service ot ♦ lie United Press Association

upon the fact that I e sale of machine tools \ \j| \ . as larger in the summer 1935 than /' ice 1929. The sale of machine ! **)*♦ YY ' Yi/ - >ls in 1935 was about 80 per cent ' $1 " JMhtW IBmB be figure for 1926. \ \ Machine tools are the machines fi Jßmmp ... JSjSI make machines. They ar° <a jßf , JjP||p turret lathes, the drill presses, ; wF * ySHRHL, MBF shapers and the planers. JjtL W jfijgßp 'Jam* any mechanism that you fl-ik H sßmJßkrr JBMW W*** .y 1 ; ' > P"yI1; ppen to think of. from a mouse , V jgßSm J JgM ,f Jmjj f W pto an automobile. You may Bm‘ '&-■& ■ | Jfg %$ certain its parts were manu- ttm W* \ J B with the machine Bm ncreased sales of machine tools WBmMmß■ */" rAv \ Jfaß&telX | Jl§ ■an.s that, industrial companies B firalf Jpllilr N \ x | fl| expanding. modernizing, V IJK iching out for bigger markets. Mm i. IS ■■ ■ St, experience, Mr. Stilwell says, : BdSßß^**”" l *** % IS licates that an influx of ma- 1 '* IS K! ine tool orders is always fol- 'B A v -.. * red by an increase in employ- | ''HIS fact lie points out. con- ;• j u , re*"****' J: \ ' " ■' t ■ thf populai notion B& "" 4 W • fBPB^ # Iwß . ItS f out of *r*~ |p- %MBh> j fIBHGHKp' jj Os course." he says "the in- v.' fen ■ -Wr ill *T one certain machine B| MBm jjßgmB \• & < certain plant may displace Ji. •'>'. .. . ■ .BBBtrijt yMSHP * MB& Be MBm BBJEB 2. men at that moment But in : . B| JBB JB mk end machines create tub- W B| fti her than destroy them. / •' ' 1 Machines make possible better f iducts at lower prices. This '’■fi '• •ft T "* *y' - | kes possible greater volume. ‘ ’ /# ' L '-l. ieh in turn results in the hiring */ '*./a /' r wzMBMBBk f more men. At the same time lvrreoscd employ went is S^^S • created in the distribution and ° ,v/ './ mod- B %Hr - B vicing oi these products. enmes with faster, more ■ Idr^W tiding illustration of this pun- / >ri/ <>l > I mru lime t 001... fj?4k { 'LS“- Em ' le. Mechanization has made r ']zum sible i constant lowering of Accuracy has been increased A \ T " V Vv •Bm B^B price; the lowering of the tenfold. Mr Stilwell point:- on' sBBP^ * ' Bfoy ce has multiplied the volume. Where engineers formally dis- IMF wjmWXf iff'i immm - •reb.v giving jobs to thousands; cussed accuracy in terms of so Pill ling and servicing have provid- many thousandths of an inch they vßp Mgßmß\' y,( ’ y' -*> i occupations for still more ate now talking of ten-thou- 1 lusands in sales agencies, ga- sandths of an inch. >, ••

(Sixth of a series hy the Serippi-Howard Science Editor) * * * 808 increase in employment throughout the nation with a consequent decline in the number of persons on relief is predicted lor spring by C. J. Stilwell, vice president ot the Warner & Swasey Cos. of Cleveland and recent president of the National Machine Tool Builders’ Association.

Mr. Stilwell bases his prediction upon the fact that the sale of machine tools was larger in the summer of 1935 than at any time since 1929. The sale of machine tools in 1935 was about 80 per cent of the figure for 1926. Machine tools are the machines that make machines. They are the turret lathes, the drill presses, the shapers and the planers. Name any mechanism that you happen to think of, from a mouse trap to an automobile. You may be certain it3 parts were manufactured with the aid of machine tools. Increased sales of machine tools means that industrial companies are expanding, modernizing, reaching out for bigger markets. Past experience, Mr. Stilwell says, indicates that an influx of machine tool orders is always followed by an increase in employment. tt 8 tt THIS fact, he points out, conflicts with the popular notion that machines put men out of work. “Os course,” he says, “the installation of one certain machine in a certain plant may displace some men at that moment. But in the end, machines create jobs rather than destroy them. "Machines make possible better products at lower prices. This makes possible greater volume, which in turn results in the hiring of more men. At the same time vast numbers of additional jobs are created in the distribution and servicing ol these products. "The automobile is the outstanding illustration of this principle. Mechanization has made possible a constant lowering of the price; the lowering of the price has multiplied the volume, thereby giving jobs to thousands; selling and servicing have provided occupations for still more thousands in sales agencies, garages and gasoline stations. "And this does not take into consideration the many more thousands of men employed by parts and accessories manufacturers, suppliers of raw material such as steel, wood and paint, and in the transportation of these materials.” tt tt tt Regarding the machine tools now in use in the United States, Mr. Stilwell says that 67 per cent of them are more than 10 years old, and consequently obsolete. The new machine tools are 35 per cent more productive than machine tools years ago and 50 per cent more so than those of 10 years ago. Four factors characterize the machine tools of 1936 and give them their tremendous advantage over the tools of 1926. They are: Increased power. increased speed, permanent accuracy and ease of operation. The increase in power and speed has been made possible by the introduction of new cutting mediums. It is the cutting tool, essentially the edge of a cutter or the point of a drill, that determines in the last analysis what the machine will do. For the whr,e puipose of the machine is to spply this cutter edge or drill point to the metal that is being worked. a tt tt TUNGSTEN carbide alloys, used for the cutting tools, today are largely responsible for the remarkable advances in machine tool design. At the turn of the century, low carbon cutting metals were being used. Then came high carbon steels. Machine tools could be speeded up as a result and these steels came to be known as “high speed steels.” For the last five years machine tool designers have been developing the possibilities of tungsten carbide cutting edges. These function under conditions where the older cutting materials broke down. It is possible to operate the new cutting tools at speeds and with power that cause them to become so hot that they turn cherry red. The older cutting materials, under similar circumstances, would weld themselves to the metal they were supposed to cut. Many improvements had to be made in the machines, however, to permit them to realize the full efficiency of the new cutting materials. For one thing, machines had to be built to furnish absolutely rigid support to the tungsten carbide cutting tool.

BENNY

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The Indianapolis Times

Accuracy has been increased tenfold, Mr. Stilwell points out. Where engineers formally discussed accuracy in terms of so many thousandths of an inch they are now talking of ten-thou-sandths of an inch. n n u nnHIS new accuracy, he points out, is required today by automobiles and many other mechanisms. Formerly, for example, the bore of an automobile cylinder was ground. Now it is subsequently lapped with stone to lay the “fuzz” left by the grinder. Mr. Stilwell points out how much the world owes to the increasing accuracy of machine tools. When James Watt built his first steam engine his chief handicap was the impossibility of getting cylinders which were accurately bored. In his first engines, the pistons were wrapped with rope to make them fit. Not only do the new machine tools make use of the new cutting materials, but they are being built of new materials throughout. Alloy high-strength steels and hightest nickel castiron are being used in them. Frames of the new castiron are twice as rigid as the old conventional ones of gray iron. Instead of castiron gears, the new machines are using gears of chromenickel steel. These new gears, in addition, are ground or lapped to insure smoother and quieter operation. Along with the notion that machines cause unemployment is the notion that the worker is becoming increasingly a slave to the machine he tends, forced to speed up in time with the machine. Mr. Stilwell says that this second notion is equally false. n n a “'T'HE fact that the new maX chine tools are built to run at a speed of about 35 per cent more than the old ones, means that they must be built so that they are easier to operate, not harder,” he says. “This is being accomplished by means of centralized control which is electrical in nature. Formerly, the operator had to set levers, clamps and the like. These are now replaced with a set of buttons which are concentrated on one electrical control board.” Machine tools, the machines that build all other machines, including themselves, are ready to do their share in ushering in the new world of industry. In fact, they already have begun to do it. These new machine tools, running with greater power, accuracy and speed, are equipped to machine the newer alloys which the industrial world is now using. And now in conclusion, let us summarize what w r e have born saying about “The World Tomorrow,” a world whose beginnings are to be seen all around us as 1936 gets under way.

INDIANAPOLIS, SATURDAY, JANUARY 11, 1936

IT is a new r w'orld of taller buildings. longer bridges, swifter trains, faster aircraft, finer homes, a world of greater beauty, deeper comfort, smoother efficiency. It is being built of stainless steel and "tailer made” steels, new aluminum alloys, new plastics, and new synthetic chemicals. It holds forth the promise of greater business activity wdth lower prices and more employment. And it has come about because of scientific research. When the wheels of industry slowed down

Washington Merry-Go-Round BY DREW PEARSON and ROBERT S. ALLEN

TTT ASHINGTON, Jan. 11.— * ’ Washington sources close to Herbert Hoover have received private word that he is coming East late this month primed to make another hot frontal attack on Roosevelt. Inside tip is that the ex-President plans to lay full blame for the 1933 bank crash on his successor. To prove his contention he will make public some secret correspondence he exchanged with Roosevelt. . . . Senators Vandenberg. Hale and Townsend are Capitol Hill's most devoted bowling fans. No matter how busy they are, they drop everything at 5 p. m. to indulge in their favorite recreation for an hour. . , . Commerce Secretary Dan Roper plans an early liquidation of the NRA remnants recently placed under his jurisdiction by the President’s executive order. Assistant Secretary Ernest Draper has been put in charge of this work and he in turn has picked Malcom Kcrlin, administrative assistant to Roper, to do the actual pay roll pruning. Os the 1500 still on the NRA pay roll, one batch is slated to go Feb. 1. the second a month later, and the final exodus is set for April 1. The Commerce Department plans to absorb only a handful. . . . The latest Congressional wise-crack: San Antonio's Democratic Representative Maury 7 Maverick to Pennsylvania's Republican Robert F. Rich, who was ob jecting to unread speeches bemg inserted into the Congressional Record: "I ask unanimous consent to extend my own remarks. and being my own remarks, they are very ‘Rich’.’’ , . . White House plans to reduce by one-third the 2428 CCC camps now in operation have brought a flood of protests from the localities :n which the doomed camps are situated. Local business men are complaining that abandonment of the camps will hit them hard.

during the depression, the scientists kept at work in their laboratories. The finer machine tools now modernizing industry are one result of such research. America faces the future with natural resources exceeding those of every nation in the world. Half the energy of the world is produced from American coal, petroleum, natural gas, and water power. The nation leads in the production of coal, iron and steel, copper, petroleum, aluminum, lead,

Bill to Check Speed THOUSANDS of letters Indorsing the plan of curbing automobile speed w'hen the machines art manufactured have poured in on Rep. Robert Ramspeck following announcement that he w 7 ould introduce such a bill. Many of the most enthusiastic supporters are auto dealers. The Georgian is still undecided regarding the soundest legal approach. Whether to impose a heavy tax on cars with a speed over 60 miles an hour; or to prohibit the shipment of such vehicles across state lines. . . . Asked by a colleague if his wife was in Washington, Chairman Bob Doughton of the House Ways and Means Committee, a plain-talking North Carolina hillsman, replied; "No, she hasn’t come yet. She is back home killing hogs and making sausage.” . . . President Roosevelt’s inspiration for the concluding quotation in his message to Congress came from a Christmas card sent out by Morris L. Cooke, head of the Rural Electrification Administration. The late Prof. Josiah Royce, author of the quotation, w r as one of the President’s teachers at Harvard. When Roosevelt saw it on Cooke’s Christmas greeting he was so impressed he decided to use it in his address. tt tt tt No Press Agent THE Supreme Court is going to great pains to remove any aroma of press-agency from its newly appointed publicity man. Correspondents have been informed by the court that the official may give out "information * regarding briefs and decisions but is not permitted to "explain" them . . . Latest form of Townsendite propaganda reaching Congress is picture postcards. One picture, captioned, "Then," shows tw 7 o aged persons in rags in a

zinc, phosphates, gypsum and sulphur. The United States is the world’s largest owner, largest producer, and largest consumer of minerals. Equaling our mineral resources are our vast agricultural lands, timber, fisheries, and w 7 ater power. The new world, now 7 daw'ning, will grow brighter and brighter, finer and better, if the nation remembers the lesson taught by the depression and keeps its scientific research going full blast. THE END

poor house. Another, titled "Now 7 ." depicts the same couple, well dressed and w 7 ell fed, sitting in their ovm home before an open fire listening to a radio program of “The Townsend Jubilee Singers” . . . Altrough it borrows money at 3 per cent and less, the Treasury pays 6 per cent on tax refunds. Under Secretary Morgenthan’s sharp scrutinizing of all income returns, last year’s refunds airounted to only $14,000,000 compared with $40,000,000 the year previous . . . Among members of the Senate Munitions Committee there is sharp resentment over the President’s failure to include them in the White House conference on the Administration's neutrality bill. None were asked to attend, although they w 7 ere responsible for initiating the present law and the President knew the committee was working on anew act. a tt tt Trouble Brewing OPPONENTS of Huey Long have taken out 50,000 permits to carry pistols, according to a secret report made to the special House committee investigating forthcoming (Jan. 21) elections in Louisiana, The anti-Longites claim Huey’s henchmen have packed the local election boards and in some parishes have already stuffed the ballot boxes. Hence the resort to arms. The House committee has been advised that tension between the opposing elements is so strained that unless the Long machine gives its opponents representation on the election boards bloodshed is certain. n tt u Supreme Court Record INCLUDING the AAA decision, the Supreme Court has ruled unconstitutional a total of 74 acts of Congress. During the first 75 years in invalidated only two Jaws. (Copyrizht. 1936. bv Uni'fd Feature Syndicate. Inc.'.

By j. Carver Pusey

Second Section

tCn fe rpd Spr>nd-Clx Matter at rostfiffire. IntHanarnli*, Ini.

Fair Enough WESTBROOK PEGLER PARIS, Jan. 11.—Sparrow Robertson still walks his old beat in Paris, but the old beat is weakening fast, whereas the Sparrow, at the age of 72. is as fresh as the day he started. 17 years ago. He always was an endurance man. Back in the eighties in New York. Sparrow was one of the greatest American amateur track athletes. It was customary in that era for a promoter to give each of the star amateurs on his program a handsome gold-plated watch case containing a sum

of money. Now and again some thoroughly unscrupulous promoter would double-cross an amateur athlete, giving him a watch case which contained merely the conventional set of gears and gadgets. Conscientious philogians report that this was the origin of the phrase "he gave him the works.” The Sparrow was a distance runner, a durable, go-as-you-please man when old Madison Square Garden was accumulating not only its unforgettable goats’ nest aroma, but its glamorous history.

The Sparrow won a go-as-you-please foot race of one week when hr was so little that bartenders wouldn't sell him beer. He isn’t much bigger now, and it is feared he has stunted his growth. The Sparrow was in the Y. M. C. A. in the war, Boih hr and Jimmy Bronson, the prizefight manager who ran the best saloon in Joplin. Mo., earn# to France with the Y. M. C. A. The Sparrow never went back. tt a a He Has Comma Trouble \LONG toward the end of the war James Gordon Bennett hired him to be sports editor of his Paris Herald. The Sparrow began by writing about athletics, but soon drifted off into social topics and pre ently was running a column largely concerned witu the gay shenanigans of visiting Americans. The Sparrow himself would not describe his copy as scholarly. He went through a serious spell of comma trouble several years ago when a young squirt of a copy reader with ornate ideas about punctuation and syntax told him commas would improve his style. But the Sparrow' soon said customers would put in their own commas, and the editor gave orders that nobody was to ruin his innocent originalities with school of journalism improvements. The Sparrow’s copy goes as is, and so does he. Dozens of Sparrow’s old pals have died or cracked up and gone to pot, though all were from 20 to 40 years younger. They w'ere sprinters. Nobody can count how many times the Sparrow stayed up all night keeping a death watch, as they | used to call it, on some visiting fireman w'ho was J catching the boat-train to Cherbourg next morning. They used to stay up so the departing pal wouldn't forget to wake up. The crowd would simply drop s night's sleep completely out of their schedule, but others sat up in rotation. Sparrow observed them all, and no man held his proxy.

Eskimo Channel Swimmer SPARROW'S best pal was the late Sheriff Bill McGeehan, the best sports writer of them all and the veteran of many a death watch. It was he who first appreciated the remarkable character and astonishing physical endurance of the little man who never flinched in the face of a dram, never hiccupped or wabbled in his stride, and apparently had no use for home because he never went to bed. Together these two invented the remarkable Itchy Guck, Eskimo channel swimmer, who never swam the English Channel because the water was always too hot. Itchy Guck put one foot in the water and was said to have been rushed to the hospital scalded to the bone. After that he lived in the icebox at Harry’s bar, with an electric fan playing on him. All are gone, the old familiar faces, or almost all. Gone, too, are the old familiar places, or most of them. They sit no more death watches because there are no more tourists. But Sparrow pafols his beat as frisky as ever, a comma man who poured Paris to bed.

Roosevelt Dissents From Court View BY RAYMOND CLAPrER. WASHINGTON, Jan. 11. President Roosevelt has taken issue with the Supreme Court's drastic AAA decision, but in a much more tactful way than he did in his dissent from the Schechter NRA death sentence. Justice Roberts, in the majority opinion, had said that to regulate and control agricultural production was beyond the power of the Federal government. He said it did not help to declare that local (agricultural) conditions throughout the nation have created a situation t f

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Clapper

blunt in answering the basic contention of the court, in a speech prepared before the AAA decision. Richberg said: “There is nothing but mockery in the suggestion that we should attempt to meet our national responsibility by the separate action of 43 states which have no power to regulate interstate commerce, no control of national credit and not a particle of the national authority necessary io foster and maintain economic security throughout the nation.” nun The most eagerly read book in Washington is the thick list of corporation salaries at the House Ways and Means Committee room. Crowds swarm around it all day copying names. There is only one copy of the book. Already sucker list salesmen have been seeking permission to photostate the complete list which shows every corporation employe in the United States receiving more than $15,000 a year. This fat cat list would be sold to business houses and* others looking for well-heeled prospects. a an BECAUSE of complaint about loose organic- m and red tape Harry Hopkins is tightening do~ his WPA organization. Many relief workers hav complained that their pay checks were being held up as much as a week. okins has ordered that, pay checks must be distri. ed within 72 hours. Night shifts have been pur in at the Treasury and WPA to speed up pay checks. Hopkins also is reorganizing district WPA offices limiting each to four departments, finance and statistics: operations; white collar, women sand educational projects which must be under a woman; employment and labor relations. It is hard to believe, but Hopkins insists that all common laborers in the cities are at work, and that he is having trouble finding skilled workers on the relief rolls. The big drive is for white collar projects. Hopkins is telling his people not to be scared off by boondoggling complaint, but to make an issue of it.

Westbrook Prgler

national concern. President Roosevelt, at his Friday press conference, took th* position that as President his responsibility required that he consider agriculture from the point of view of 48 states, and view it as a national problem It sounded a little like a diplomatic declaration of independence. u u tt Donald r. richberg. former head of NRA. was morg