Indianapolis Times, Volume 47, Number 260, Indianapolis, Marion County, 8 January 1936 — Page 13

It Seems to Me HEYWOOD BROUN NEW ORLEANS, La., Jan. B.—“But,” said - ay friend, "you don't understand them and you never will. None of you will. You try to apply white psychology and you miss the point that you are dealing with a people who can not possibly comprehend our ideals. Fill up your glass. Yankee. I’m a round and a half ahead of you. I don't know whether it’s the dinner or the drinks, but I think it’s a little stuffy in he:e. Do you mind if I open a window? Where

was I? What was I saying?” “It was something about our ideals," I suggested. “Oh, yes, if I didn’t have to get down to the plant at 9 in the morning I could talk about that all night. Without ideals civilization perishes. And I mean practical ideals. I don’t keep them separate from my business life. I take them right into the office with me. “You might laugh at me, but 30 years ago I was going to be a poet. We all lived on a plantation up the river near

Hey wood Broun

Baton Rouge. But when I was 26 my father died, and I had to move into New Orleans and take over the business. There hasn’t been much time for poetry since. Did you ever notice the little jingles we use in our ads—the one about our Christmas overcoat sale? I write those. '‘Yes, I get up to the plantation sometimes now. Not as much as I'd like to. My cousin runs it for me. This isn’t a show place. We grow cotton when the government will let. us. and we sell it. The plantation has to pay for itself. That's one of my ideals. tt a a A Puzzling Incident " A ND yet even in my own case there are things I\. which puzzle you. Maybe no white man. not even a Southern white man. can understand them completely. I'm thinking of a time last year. My cousin called me up and said that Carter had deserted his cotton patch and was walking up and down the roads crazy-like. It was the time for picking, and Carter’s one of our best hands. It so happened that I was terribly busy at the store, but I wanted to see the old place and get the dust of the damn office out of my nose and the feel of the earth under my feet. So I shot up there. “I went straight to Carter’s wife, Lucy, and she told me a curious story. Carter’s always been on the place. He's big and strong and a good honest worker. But somehow or other when he was a child he got pellagra, and it’s left him a little bit nervous. Hr can go hysterical and laugh and shout. Well, it seems that in the night he had a dream and a vision. The Lord God Jehovah appeared to him in person. Can you imagine that! And the Lord God told Carter that he had sinned and that he must walk the road along the bayou beyond his patch night and day and speak in the unknown tongues until he was forgiven tt tt tt I\n Job for a Foreman "T CALLED in Daingerfield. my foreman. He isn't A a white man, but he's very light. ‘I want you to go to Carter,’ I told him, ‘and point out to him that while he's mumbling I'm losing ten acres of cotton, and that means money. I can’t let those 10 acres go. Tell him if he doesn’t get back to work right away there’ll be no meat coming to him next winter.’ "But the strangest part of it all was that Daineerfield wouldn't do it. I grew very angry, and he was frightened. But he kept saying. ’None of us can.’ And when I finally asked him the reason he said, ‘We don't dare interfere with no man when the spirit is on him.’ “And so for another 14 hours Carter walked the banks of the bayou under the sun and the stars and besought God in the unknown tongues to restore Peace io his soul. And then he came home. "And speaking of home, how about just one more drink? I’ve got to be at the office early. I'm doing some jingles for our crockery festival.” (Copyright. 1936) Probe Bares Need of Rigid Embargo BY RAYMOND CLAPPER WASHINGTON Jan. B—Regardless of what may come later, the first appearance of J. P. Morgan before the Nye committee demonstrated the necessity of neutrality legislation which would invoke an automatic embargo against loans to belligerents. The instant the World War began, forces which eventually helped to entangle us went into play. France at once began pressure to obtain loans from America. There was nothing to hold back these

forces except the conviction of William J. Bryan, then Secretary of State, that loans to war nations were dangerous. And he was soon discredited. His policy was undermined and he was forced cut of the Cabinet, replaced by Lansing who had forgotten more international law than Bryan ever knew, but who didn’t know how to keep us out of war. or didn’t want to. Whether it hoped to or not, the committee did not make Mr. Morgan out to be the villain. A ponderous good-humored giant.

in an old-fashioned wing collar, wearing a heavy gold chain across his broad stomach. Mr. Morgan sat as comfortably as he could in the relatively small witness chair which the committee provided. He smoked an old disreputable smelling pipe, said frankly that his sympathy was with the Allies from the first, that he hoped they would win but that the last, thing he wanted was for the United States to go into the war. tt a a IT was as a banker that Morgan viewed the opening of the war. Three days after France entered the war she asked the Morgans for a $100,000,000 loan. Conditions were quite chaotic and the Morgans were not inclined to take a chance. Secretary Bryan gave them a good pretext for turning France down oy declaring that war loans were dangerous and inconsistent with the spirit of neutrality. Mr. Morgan was not much interested in that, j Neutrality, he told the Nye committee, was a tech- ! nical matter for the government. Bankers had nothing to do with neutrality. If a banker wanted to make a loan to either side, and the credit was good, that was all .there was to it. To the government, it was a question of violating the spirit of neutrality. To the bankers it was a question of making a good loan. France continued to bombard New York bankers for help. At the same time bankers had come to see that war orders meant good business and they were beginning to want to make war loans. HUM FINALLY one of the Morgan cousins, the National City Bank, undertook a $10,000,000 one-year note issue for France. Frank A. Vanderlip, then president of National City, explained that the notes would be placed with various large institutions “to whom an appeal could be made on other than strictly investment lines.” French Ambassador Jusserand had hinted co Mr. Vanderlip that if the government attitude against war loans could be broken down there would be plenty of business for American bankers. Two weeks later Mr. Lansing, then a subordinate of Secretary Bryan, w-ent to the White House and obtained consent from Mr. Wilson to tip the bankers that they could go ahead and extend trade credits but not to embarrass the government by asking its permission. The next night, at the Metropolitan Club in Washington. Mr. Lansing met Willard Straight, a Morgan contact man. and tipped him off. That was on Oct. 24. less than three months after the war broke out. Mr. Bryan's embargo on loans had wilted with the first autumn frost. Footnote—Three months later. Senator Joel T. Stone, then chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, tried to verify newspaper rumors that the Administration had scrapped its embargo on loans and he was given to understand that noth- j ing had happened.

bjDAV/P P/£T2 (Third of a series by the ScrippsHsward Science Editor.) gETTER steel is going into the bearings of the little freight cars used to haul coal out of the mines than went into the engines of the fighting planes flown by the airmen of the World War. That is just one of many items which indicate why the advances made by the steel industry during the depression years are now ushering the nation into a new world. "The depression speeded up the rate of invention in the steel business,” says T. M. Girdler, chairman ol the board and president of the Republic Steel Corp. “New steels and new uses for steel have been developed to such an extent that steel has not only caught up with the times but is actually ahead of the times.” We have entered the era of “tailor-made” steels, Mr. Girdler says. There was a time when steel was just steel but that day is gone forever. It has been banished by the scientist working in his laboratory to produce anew and better world. tt a a INSTEAD of just “steel,” there are now hundreds of specialized steels, each manufactured to do a particular job. “Some steel man has figured that the number of different combinations which can be made from iron, carbon, chromium, vanadium, manganese, molybdenum, silicon and nickel—to mention only a few of the most common alloying elements amounts to 775 followed by 1974 ciphers,” Mr. Girdler says. “This indicates some of the infinite resources available to the maker of steel in the development of special purpose steels.” On a recent visit to the Massillon (O.) plant of the Republic Steel Corp. one of the metallurgists of the corporation showed me an index of some 1500 cards. These were the formulae for some 1500 various requirements of customers. Not only is the exact amounts of alloying elements specified but the exact method of manufacture as well.

Metallurgists have found that many elements enter into the making of the characteristics of a particular steel. One important element is grain size. Etch a piece of steel with acid and examine it under a microscope and you will discoverHhat it is a conglomeration of tiny grains. The size of these grains has much to do with the properties of the steel and metallurgists have learned how to control grain size during tne process of manufacture. Any particular combination of alloying materials can be manufactured with eight different types °f grain structure today, Mr Smith says. Chromium is today the chief alloying element in the manufacture of steel. It will be recalled that stainless steel is a chromium nickel steel. The famous “18-8” stainless steel is one containing 18 per cent chromium and 3 per cent nickel. U tt tt THERE are also many uses for nickel steels. Molybdenum steels also find many uses, particularly in the automotive industry for bearings, axles, knuckles and the like. “In the future,” Mr. Girdler says, “the steel industry not only expects increased industrial replacement demand, but a long list of new uses brought about by developments in the fields of air conditioning, aviation, railroad transportation, ship construction, housing and many others which may arise in either the immediate or the more distant future. “There is one group of alloys, for instance, which increases strength and at the same time decreases weight. In the long run, these alloys must inevitably lead to a complete replacement of a vast share of the country’s present transportation equipment. For instance, by the use of these alloys it is possible to reduce the weight, of a freight car by onethird and yet to increase the pay load. “There is a similar situation in the entire machinery field. It is no exaggeration to say that a comparison of today’s new alloys and the materials of which most of the country’s present productive equipment is made, points to the inevitable conclusion that the majority of present equipment is at least semi-obsolete and in line for replacement.” nun tools, for example.” IVI. he continues, “will need to be built of stronger steels if they

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The Indianapolis Times

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A step in the making of tailor-made steels: As the tapping of an open hearth furnace is completed findl alloy

are to stand up under the higher speeds made possible by the development of new cutting tools. “The petroleum industry requires new steels for deep well drilling where a whole pipe string two miles deep may have to depend on the topmost coupling. “New heat-resisting steels are needed for cracking stills and high pressure steam applications. New iron and alloys will find an amazing range of uses where strength is not so important as resistance to corrosion.” Mr. Girdler sees the home as one of the greatest of the new markets for steel. The demand will come first in equipment for the home, subsequently in building materials for the construction of the home itself. “There is at this time an enormous deferred demand for new residences,” he says. “When and if the financial situation permits resumption of new home building, this field may develop real tonnage for the steel industry. “Today, steel plumbing, furnaces, kitchenware, tableware, refrigerators, and laundry equipment are no longer novelties. But the market has hardly been more than scratched. Modernization programs are bringing steel-built equipment, often for the first time, into thousands of homes and business structures. “The field of household appliances is not, in my opinion, as great as the potential market for the steel-frame house. Both from the cost and production standpoints, the steel-frame house is practical, and it has passed the experimental stage.” a a a Equipment developed for rolling wide sheets for automobile bodies can, with modifications in rolling practice, be employed for rolling sheets of stainless steel, alloy steel sheets, iron alloy sheets, or enameling stock,” he says.” All of these can be used for interior or exterior walls of buildings. Their practicability has already been proved in service, and there certainly is a demand for a low-cost, long-wearing house. “That steel framing for small houses and small buildings will soon become widely accepted is almost a certainty, for steel can bring to these smaller buildings the same advantages of rigidity, fire safety, lightning protection and immunity to attack by termites and vermin that it does now to skyscrapers.” Mr. Girdler thinks that all-steel buildings may find their first use on farms. “Steel bartis have been devei-

* INDIANAPOLIS, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 8, 1936

oped which are easy to erect and much easier to keep in repair than woeden structures,” he says. “Immunity to lightning and fire hazards is afforded by this steel barn, thus protecting stocks and crops. Steel is also readily adaptable to smaller farm buildings such as cribs and the like.” a a tt “'T"''HE fact is,” he declares, “that ■*- within a comparatively few years steel may actually change the face of the entire landscape. New styles in architecture are being devised to make full use of the

Washington Merry-Go-Round BY DREW PEARSON and ROBERT S. ALLEN

WASHINGTON. Jan. B.—With neutrality the dominant ■issue before Congress, a secret test of Roosevelt’s neutrality policy is being made by the United States District Attorney in New York City. And so far, one foreign country has been able to throw a wrench into the entire neutrality machinery. That country is Bolivia. The case involves the alleged purchase of four Curtis bombing planes by Bolivia in violation of the arms embargo against her and against Paraguay'. The four planes left the United States on the pretense of exploring anew air route to Bolivia, and were finally grounded in Peru at the order of the State Department. The Department of Justice is now attempting to prosecute subsidiaries of the Curtis Airplane Cos. of Buffalo. But company officials have refused to answer certain important questions on the ground that they would incriminate a “friendly” government. There is no secret that the “friendly” government is Bolivia. State Department officials say that the trail leads directly to the door of the Bolivian consul in New York. However, the Bolivian consul so far. has been unwilling to testify. And under a commercial treaty between the United States and Bolivia, negotiated before the. Civil War, there is no way that he can be compelled to testify. Justice and State Department officials predict sensational disclosures if the testimony can be brought out. Meanwhile they are at a dead end. NOTE—Officials consider this case extremely important as a precedent for enforcing the Neu-

adUitioyis are'dung in under the direction of metallurgical experts .

many advantages of steel. Undoubtedly steel buildings will have as many fashions and designs as there have been in wood, less brick and stone structures. “Steel today has what tomorrow's markets will want. It stands waiting for the return of business confidence which may translate potential markets into current demand.” An important factor of the new steels is their dependability, metallurgists say. This is one of the things which have occupied the

trality Act now before Congress. If foreign officals can not be forced to testify, it will be difficult, if not impossible, to prosecute American firms violating the act, a a a Ladies of the Press TJROBABLY no President of the * United States has ever enjoyed such harmonious relations with the Gentlemen of the Press as the wife of the present incumbent has enjoyed with the Ladies of the Press. Mrs. Roosevelt’s weekly press conferences hitherto have dripped with honeyed words and endearing phrases. On any possible slip of the tongue she was protected. When she wore a costume at the party for “Wives of the Gridiron Dinner” which many felt would have caused Republican criticism, not one Lady of the Press betrayed the secret. But now a note of coolness has made its unwelcome entrance. The Ladies of the Press are being “scooped.” In her regular daily column, Mrs. Roosevelt has become their competitor. The situation was the chief topic of dis;ussion at the last meeting of the Washington Newspaper Women's Club. The Capital's leading society editor, Jean Eliot of the Washington nerald, raised the issue publicly. She wrote: “Mrs. Roosevelt scooped the newspaper women who cover her press conference yesterday. “In her first daily column in a local newspaper she spoke of a luncheon at the White House for 16 with ‘Mr. Regan of Groton School’ seated at her right. She didn’t tell the press women about it—and nothing could be learned from White House attaches. May-

attention of the scientific laboratories, In the old days the characteristics of steels showed such wide variability that the engineer was always forced to leave an extremely wide margin of safety. With the new steels they say that it is possible to figure much closer. The steels can be depended upon to maintain the properties specified. This is the result of scientific research into manufacturing methods. Tomorrow—Aluminum brightens the world.

be she was ‘holding out’—maybe she was just exercising a little license in the matter of dates.” Anyway, everybody in Washington is now reading Mrs. Roosevelt’s daily column. a a a Not So Secret r T"'HE Securities and Exchange Commission has pulled a quiet fast one on business executives who have been squawking to high heaven over the publication of their salaries and other financial “secrets.” It is the contention of the SEC that this information is not really confidential. To prove this, the commission recently launched a secret test. It assigned one of its experts to study various financial reports published regularly by a number of corporations. He found that in practically every instance he could uncover selling costs and other pertinent business facts about the concerns which had claimed these were “firm secrets.” The commission did not stop there. It sent a letter to some of the complaining corporations asking them for secret data about their competitors. In every case the answering company disclosed that it knew all about its competitor’s affairs. In other words, the “business secrets” were secrets only insofar as the public was concerned. Note —The SEC plans to reveal the findings of its secret tests when it goes into court to defend itself against suits filed by American Can and several other corporations. (Copyright. 1936)

By J. Carver Pusey

Second Section

rinteceU m Second-CU” Matter at I'natoffice, Indianapeli*. Inl.

Fair Enough MMETO. PARIS, Jan. B.—American journalism is such an evil institution by comparison witn that of th Mother Country that one who has been schooled in Amtrican tradition is overwhelmed by a feeling of hopelessness. Still it is worth while to study the English newspapers, for by that means alone may we know what we must do to be saved. The topic is to the fore, thanks to the flight of Col. Lindhergh from an American photographer who had the effrontery to snap a picture of his son, Jon,

which was then reproduced, in varying dimensions from three columns to half a page, in the press of the Mother Country merely as evidence of American vulgarity. Having fled the American press. Col. Lindbergh was then greeted in Liverpool by reticent reporters of special commissioners. as they are called in the Mother Country—some 50 in number—and photographed much more effectively but in a kindly and courteous English way in the act of carrying little Jon down the gangplank.

Other special commissioners were stationed to waylay him and take his picture and the baby's in a tactful manner if he had jumped over to Ireland or Wales. In the same concerted plan to respect, that privacy which is every man's right in England still other special commissioners chartered an airplane. a tug and a racing automobile, which fortutunately were not called into use. a a a It's Our Ethics, It Seems AT the same time, a lecturer in London remarked that he was uoset to observe that certain English children w- r< beginning to imitate American ethics, or rather, as he preferred tc put it. American lack of ethics. English newspapers, in editorial comment along side photographs of the Lindberghs, took occasion to thank God that the press of England has never been fouled by the vulgarity which had driven Col. Lindbergh to these shores. There is an undeniable charm in the following specimen which appeared in the London Daily Express : “The Duchess of Kent’s comparative seclusion has an especially happy and homely explanation. Unlike the sufficiency of most fashionable young mothers, she is herself nursing her baby son. She is sacrificing in that word’s true meaning all of her time to the demands of anew life. Any doctor will say that the age-old example she has followed is best for mother and child.” As an example of that seclusion from intimate publicity to which they look forward in the Mother Country this item should be reassuring. But it is in the field of advertising that the ethics of journalism in the Mother Country is shown in the most effective contrast against the lack of ethics in America. tt tt e Here Arc Some Examples FROM this point now I will permit these ethics to speak for themselves through excerpts: “No injections treatment for diabetes. Famous South African remedy now available. Diabetic sufferers may now be freed from their awful afflictions without aid of drugs. A simple herbal remedy known as Vinculin originating in South Africa has achieved the most marvelous and amazing successes it is possible to imagine.” “Wife’s terrible head pains stopped by Yeast-Wite. Husbands good advice brings instant relief in 10 minutes. Imagine the plight of this poor woman, agonized beyond endurance, driven nearly crazy with pain. She found freedom in 10 minutes. YeastWite. the quick health time table. From exhaustion to animation in 15 to 30 minutes. From rheumatism to pain relief in 24 hours. From impure blood to purification in 36 hours. From depression to buoyant energy in 10 to 20 minutes. Yeast-Wite is life.” Now you have some glimmering notion of the beauty of perfection in jouralism.

A Liberal Viewpoint BY. DR. HARRY ELMER BARNES

IT is admitted by most expert students of the prison problem that the most deplorable situation which exists in our prisons is the problem of idleness. This demoralizes the prisoner's personality, frustrates most other efforts at reformation and greatly increases the cost of maintaining prisons and reformatories. In many other phases of prison administration t here has been enormous progress in the last 50 years. But the prison labor system in many ways is more deplorable than it was a half century ago. Fortunately, we now seem cn our way toward tackling this knotty issue in determined fashion. This started as an incident connected with the establishment of the NIRA. On Oct. 12. 1934. the President appointed Judge Joseph N. Ullman of Baltimore, Frank Tannenbaum and W. Jett Lauck as a committee to investigate the competition between prison labor products and those of the cotton garment industry. The committee also was authorized to investigate other related questions. a a a THE committee went to work immediately, and on Nov. 26, 1934, submitted a comprehensive report and specific recommendations. It recommended that the National Industrial Recovery Board should set up through the PWA a fund of $50,000,000. in order to assist the states in bringing about a complete reorganization of prison industries. It was suggested that in the meantime the FERA should purchase and distribute prison-made garments or utilize prison labor in some manner deemed desirable by the ERA. An initial allocation of SIOO,OOO has been made to launch the work of the Administration. Its members are now meeting regularly and there is every reason to believe that we are at last on the high road to handling with some degree of enlightenment and effectiveness this problem which has brought untold misery and waste to our country for more than half a century.

Times Books

OUT of Japan onto this receiver's desk has dropped a book that is really different—“ln Far Japan** (Hokuseido Press, Tokyo, and G. E. Stechert & Cos„ New York), by Frank H. Hedges. Here is a volume, not of poems but by a poet, an American newspaper man who has lived many years in the Far East. Fond of footing it, or bicycling through out-of-the-way corners of the ancient land of the Eight Great Islands. Mr. Hedges is content to give his readers a series of glimpses of what he himself beheld or experienced. Here he affords a peek at a bridge, there the upward march of a thousand steps of stone, or a vista of Japanese mountains veiled in mist. He shows you villagers dancing on a holiday, gay in their kimonos, the most beautiful, perhaps of all national costumes. He makes you feel the rain and hear the clackety-clack of myriad high wooden geta worn by the populace to lift them above the puddle* The author himself suggests that the b*t way to read his book is in many short And he is right. He doesn't pretend to tell you all about Japan. He doesn't even want to. That wculd take volumes. Every land has a “feel" of its own, a "smell'* of its own and costumes and customs of Its own. Mr. Hedges seeks to transmit these impressions and he succeeds amazingly well. For, as we have said, he is at heart a poet—a gentle, sensitive man much like the late Lafcadio Hearn. By not attempting too much. Mr. Hedge, has done much more *han most in a like number of pages to make readers understand what it is like in the lesser known parts of Japan. tßy William Philip Simms),

Westbrook Pegler