Indianapolis Times, Volume 47, Number 243, Indianapolis, Marion County, 19 December 1935 — Page 5

DEC. 19, 1935

BUFFER.STATES IN CHINA BARED AS JAPAN'S AIM

Objective Likened to That Established in Europe Against Reds. BY WILLIAM PHILIP SIMMS ScriDtu-lloward Foreign Mitnr WASHINGTON. Dec. 19.—Japan aims to create a chain of buffer states as a “cordon sanitaire” between herself and China, on the one hand, and Communist Russia on the other, a Japanese spokesman Indicated to the wr. er today. Whereas the western powers have only “a very minor Interest” in the region immediately south of the wall and in inner Mongolia, he said, what happens there is for Nippon a matter of “life or death.” Three fundamental reasons were cited as behind the present crisis: 1. The Chinese habit of pitiing one great power against another. 2. China's helplessness and “the ever-present intrigue of western nations.” 3 China's inability to reform herself. Russian Grab Is Recalled With regard to the first, the spokesman declared, it was “thus that they once appealed to Russia for aid agaiast France and Britain. The Czarists pretended to aid them—with the result that they walked off with a million square miles of what is now maritime Siberia.” With regard to the second, he said that “Japan remembers only too well the tragic experience resulting from the Russian occupation of Manchuria at the end of last century.” (Note: Russian penetration eastward between 1895 and 1904 ended in the Russo-Japanese war of 1904-05.) Japan sees similar dangers, it was said, “even if foreign powers did not take territories but controlled China’s air forces or other means of transportation or finances.” Japan Fears Chinese Disunion Concerning reason No. 3, it was stated that the key to the whole Lytton report contained the words: ‘‘Since the conditions (reforms) enumerated above can not be fulfilled without a strong central government in China, the final requisite for a satisfactory solution is temporary international co-oper-ation in China.” But, observed the speaker, Japan sees danger in western intervention in China however much they realize the peril arising from Chinese instability. “China has never been highly integrated and centralized,” he said. “At best it has been composed , of a series of economically self-suffi-cent. loosely federated regions with an emperor a s a personal symbol of unity. With the collapse of the monarchy each section has tended to go its own way. North China No Exception North China, he observed, has been no exception. Its cultural centers are Peiping and Tientsin. It is far more closely bound, by population ties and otherwise, to Manchukuo and inner Mongolia than to Nanking and the south. It has been heavily taxed and bled for the benefit of Nanking. Desperate, the inhabitants feel any change is better than the status quo. “Communism coming from nearby outer Mongolia,” he went on, “finds a hotbed in these regions. Outer Mongolia, about half the size of Europe, has been absorbed into the Soviet sphere. It is closed to the outside world save for the Communist agents who come there to propagandize. “The Japanese believe this is the new form of soviet'zation. We have no objection to any system the Russians may desire for themselves, but. we fear this new move is but a repetition of the great Russian expansion of 1895-1904 to tha east. See Precedent in Europe “To prevent this, the Japanese feel that a ‘cordon sanitaire’ similar to that established in Europe after the World War is essential. In Europe, tire Baltic states. Poland and similar new countries were established as buffers between Communist Russia and western Europe. "In brief, the present situation in North China is not of Japanese making or liking, it is the inevitable result of the economic ancl oolitical breakdown of China herself. The Japanese are forced to meet these changing circumstances, however distasteful these events may be to them . . In the light of this danger inherent in North China, the Japanese may be forced to take steps to assure themselves that nothing dangerous to Manchukuo and Japan will arise." This, he concluded, will not mean the loss of their country by the Chinese. Nor will American and other foreign interests suffer. On the contrary peace and order out there “will be better for all concerned.”

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