Indianapolis Times, Volume 47, Number 222, Indianapolis, Marion County, 25 November 1935 — Page 10

PAGE 10

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MONDAY NOVEMBER 25, 1935.

NEUTRALITY: DO WE MEAN IT? A S events in Europe. Africa and Asia gallop toward a showdown, American neutrality faces a major test. Mussolini is threatening to resign from Geneva. There are rumors that he has warned France that a ban on oil may mean war. Possibly because of this a League of Nations meeting to plan a tighter trade ring around Italy has been postponed. Here in the United States the Administration is trying not only to keep up with the League, but a jump ahead of it —as it has done most of the time since the beginning of the African imbroglio. Interior Secretary Ickes is trying to stop oil to Italy. Ship owners have been given a broad hint that further financial aid from Uncle Sam will not be forthcoming unless they toe the neutrality mark. Obsolete vessels under the shipping board must not be sold to Mussolini for scrap-iron. Upon the heels of all this Secretary Hull, over the week-end, tossed something of a bombshell of his own into the situation. It looks as if cotton exports to Italy were on the increase, he warned, and if more is shipped than can reasonably be expected, a curb might have to be applied. Thereby hangs a vital tale. It is mandatory on the President to embargo “arms, ammunition and implements of war,” but of "essential war materials” there is no definite list. The League is now trying to remedy the defect, but until Congress meets next year this country, apparently, can not legally forbid such exports as oil, steel, cotton, wheat and so forth. The Administration can only “discourage” such trade by indirection—as the President, Secretaries Hull and Ickes and the Shipping Board are endeavoring to do. The brutal fact, therefore, is that the neutrality law is developing, not one, but several Achilles’ heels. Rushed through Congress in the closing hours of the last session, it gave the President too much latitude in one direction and not enough in another. (t n n IT can not legally stop the shipment of oil, cotton, copper, breadstuff's, steel, nor scores of other commodities as important to war as guns and shells. It ignores the whole question of contraband. Also credits and loans. When two nations go to warlike Italy and Ethiopia, the President “shall” embargo arms to them. He “may”—or he may not—extend the embargo to other states which might join in. Should England or France or any other power now go to war with Italy, for example, he might apply the embargo or not as he sees fit, which morally is sound, but it is not neutrality. Admittedly a temporary' expedient, our neutrality law should be revised or amended realistically as soon as Congress gets back on the job. Hull's stand on cotton is as natural as his stand on machine guns. The one is every bit as important to a nation at war as the other. Yet i' he tries to halt cotton shipments—or wheat or any other such war essential — he faces a tornado of protest. We say we want neutrality. If we do, let us have the spunk to take the consequences. And these, in any widespread conflict, can not fail to be costly, in terms of immediate profit. To be truly neutral we must be prepared to enact at least part of the bill introduced in Congress by Rep. Maverick last April. To any and all belligerents, it stipulates, we must refrain from furnishing “any munition of war or article declared to be contraband of war.” If we desire to be neutral—and every section of the country indicates overwhelmingly that we do—we must adjust our machinery before major hostilities begin. President Wilson said, and we believe rightly, that any radical departure after a conflict begins might, in itself, constitute a violation of neutrality. Neutrality is neither easy nor cheap. But in the long run, economists almost unanimously agree, it pays. Congress then, at the earliest moment possible, should face the hard facts by enacting a law which fairly and squarely meets the issue. FOR SMALL BORROWERS WHILE it is well known that the Federal government has used billions of its own credit to help railroads, banks, farmers and home onners to refinance their debts, very little publicity has been given to the meritorious Federal efforts to free wage earners from the clutches of loan sharks. In the last year, the Farm Credit Administration has chartered more than a thousand new Federal Credit Unions, small-scale co-operative banking organizations through which salaried and wage workers pool their savings and borrow for emergency needs. Instead of paying 5 or 10 per cent or more a month for money borrowed from loan sharks, individual members of these credit unions may borrow from their ow.i pools at a charge of not more than 1 per cent a month. Those who are thrifty enough to save as they borrow can collect back the interest they pay, in dividends on the credit union shares their savings purchase. The loan shark business should be starved out of existence as fast as workers learn about and take advantage of the credit union plan. A SUCCESS STORY '"■"'HIS is a success story, the story of how a city made coed in reducing the number of its automobile deaths. For the second successive year. Milwaukee holds the record as safest city among those of 500,000 population and more in the United States. In 1934 it won the National Safety Council’s grand award in its national traffic safety contest. In the first nine months of 1935, the Safety Council reports, Milwaukee was still the safest of the big cities. Behind that achievement lies 15 years of hard, continuous work. B. L. Corbett, executive secretary of Milwaukee's Safety Commission, tel's how it was done. In the first place, Milwaukee has no spasmodic safety weeks. It organized its safety commission about 1920 and since then there has been no letup in the effort to eliminate dangerous traffic cond tions and to impress on drivers the need for driving carefully. These are some of the things it has done. A weekly radio broadcast has been arranged from traffic court. It takes place in the morning when housewives are at home. “Asa result of the broadcasts women have become competent back-seat drivers,” says Dr. Corbett. “If they see their husbai.ds vio-

late a traffic rule, they tell them about the fines that so-and-so got for doing the same thing last week.” The commission also conducts a commercial vehicle drivers' school four times each year. Business firms insist that every driver attend all sessions. They hire no new drivers who can not display a card certificate showing attendance at the school. “Our school, in operation eight years, is the largest such school in the country,” Dr. Corbett says. “One firm has. reported a 25 per cent decrease in accidents since its drivers started attending.” tt a a T IKE other cities, Milwaukee has safety cadets to guard smafi school children crossing streets. It also has a 15-mile-an-hour speed limit in th' vicinity of schools and police and courts enforce it. Drivers are warned that they are approaching safety zones for pedestrians some 30 feet before they reach them, by painted extension lines. A large number of by-passes have been installed to hold traffic in definite channels, and Corbett reports that this has not only made pedestrians safer but has expedited the flow of traffic. Dr Corbett gives credit to Milwaukee’s police department and courts for much of the Safety Commission's success. Every policeman has instructions to act as traffic officer at all times, whether he is on traffic detail or not. “Incidentally, the police department has also maintained its full quota of men throughout the depression,” Dr. Corbett says. Milwaukee did not cut down on its street lighting either. The commission keeps a steady stream of safety material pouring into the hands of all city school teachers, and sends other material to civic organizations and women’s clubs. Under it, a traffic committee, made up of one city public works official, one police official, one street car company official, one business man, the automobile editor of a daily newspaper, and the traffic engineer of the commission, serves. Any changes in handling traffic, even down to the installation of a new light, are studied by the committee, and only once in seven years has a decision made by it been overruled by the City Council. “No such achievement could result from one year’s effort alone,” says Dr. Corbett. “For many years Milwaukee has progressed steadily toward its goal. At times these years of tireless effort may have appeared fruitless, but the Milwaukee Safety Commission kept plugging away, confident that results were bound to come. And they did.” LOCAL SELF-DEPENDENCE YI7TTH increasing demand for communities to * * shoulder their own responsibilities and get off the Federal dole, it is interesting to note how some have attacked and partially solved the problem. The recent conference of mayors in Washington was given a strong push in this direction. In Indiana some cities and counties in the northern tier reduced their relief problem by making it a custom to require those employed in the industries and on made work to be residents of Indiana and the county where they worked. This eliminated those who for years had lived across the Michigan border, driving across the line every day to work in Indiana factories. The peak of families on relief in St. Joseph County was about 6300. The residence requirement, government projects and increased activity in the factories have brought the number of families on direct relief down to about 700. The plan is not suitable to any except border counties, but its success there is an indication that local civic leaders, manufacturers and others can lead the way back to community self-dependence. With the return to the farms of many factory workers attracted to the cities by high wages during the boom the populations of some of the industrial cities of Indiana have been reduced. Unless there is a return flow with the resumption of large operations the 1940 census is expected to show a shrinkage in some of the smaller Indiana cities. IT DESERVES ATTENTION A PROPOSAL for a change in the sessions of the 1 Indiana General Assembly, which at least deserves thought, is that which would have it meet for 15 days for the reception of bills and then recess for 30 clays to consider them. After the recess the Legislature would spend the remaining 25 days passing or discarding the bills. In the 30-day recess the committees could study the bills without the distractions of the session and the press and public could form a better opinion than is now possible. Many suggestions are being made for improving government. One which would enable a calm study of bills should be given attention. A WOMAN’S VIEWPOINT BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON epHROUGH its national president, Roberta Campbell Lawson, the General Federation of Women’s Clubs announces anew campaign: Safety on the Highways. Never was a crusade more timely. However, it’s going to require something much more forceful than talk to make it succeed. For two very unpleasant things must be done before roads will be even reasonably safe—cars must be geared to lower speed by the manufacturers, and we’ve got to take a good look into the overland freight business. Entirely too many accidents these days involve trucks. Nobody who takes a drive in any direction can fail to notice the number of ponderous vehicles whose drivers are seldom as polite as the little signs they carry would have us believe. Travel between busy cities is almost impossible for passenger car.- because the freighting business is so active. And in any argument about right of way between a small car and a truck, you can always pick the winner. It’s the small car that is edged off the highway in a pinch and that goes into the ditch trying to avoid the juggernauts. If you drive a light car and are not killed outright, vcu'll likely be scared to death by the procession of conveyances, big as railroad trains, which zoom night and day over the roads. If you want to go fast they want to go slow; and when you'd like to amble along and view the scenery there’s always one of them determined to pass you or die trying. We can be sure about this: In any campaign for safety on the highways, politeness will never turn the trick. It's gomg to take some stepping on of toes—big toes—to do that job, and the howls will be deafening. You may just as well talk about good kidnapers and bad kidnapers.—Senator Borah, illustrating difference between “good” and “bad” trusts. Before this Administration came into power, with its philosophy of the economy of scarcity. America helped feed the world. After two years and a half of New Deal policies, the world is helping feed America.—Henry P. Fletcher, Republican national chairman. The trouble with Gen. Johnson is that, since he bucked out of NRA, he has been suffering from mental saddle sores.—Harold L. Ickes, PWA administrator.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

Squaring The Circle With McCREADY HUSTON

\ LETTER from Bill Fletcher, local figure and tax man, now exiled to an assignment in New York. I am always in awe of expert accountants, i always feel in their presence that they are looking straight into my wallet and wondering why it contains nothing but a driver’s license and a police card. I am unable to keep the most trivial of accounts and so a man who can walk into a strange office and audit the books and make out the tax returns seems to me to be very accomplished. Schools of business report heavy enrollments this year. The boys and girls evidently feel there is going to be a heavy demand for figure people when figures are in use again and so they wish to be prepared. It must be a good training. At least, you'd never put your finger into your vest pocket and wonder where that 35 cents is that you were sure you had. a a a TF anything could be said in praise of a public utility man in the Middle West since the Insull business one could most safely say it of Tom English, an adopted Hoosier, who gets around Marion, Muncie, South Bend and other places where he manages properties. Tom is a man of great information in his field, an engineer who came here from Albany, N. Y., some years ago. What interests me about Tom aside from his professional skill is his never-ending kindness to his friends. He goes about doing good in a quiet, unobstrusive manner. Since the depression began he has helped many an Indiana man out of a hole. He is a good churchman, tro; and when the Episcopal Church of which he is a communicant was suffering from lack of paying members he did much more than his share to keep it going. Incidentally, his Indiana & Michigan Electric Cos. is one of the best managed in the state and has maintained the dividend on the preferred while at the same time reducing rates. a a nnHE first test of the new Indiana lie detector was a success. Perhaps now the makers will rush out a pocket model in lime for the next political campaign. tt tt it Speaking of the political campaign, the treasurer of the Republicans says theirs will be a pay-as-veu-go affair. No big debts for campaign expenses. You don’t need the lie detector on that one. a tt How does it feel to have predicted the result of the Indiana-Purdue game? And to have supported President Bryan in his appeal against drinking there? It certainly gives one a comfortable feeling. a a tt npHE game reminded me that United States Senator Minton was Indiana’s captain 23 years ago. It was during the period when Oliphant was the star at Purdue. Captaining a football team is not a bad preparation for the Senate as many of the moves are similar. The Senate rules, of course, do not permit bodily contact. n a Most of November's weather suggests that the official song of the city should be the “Hymn to the Sun,” by Rimsky-Korsakoff. a a a A wash-day column may not be much. But think of the kind of week-ends people think they have to spend. It makes it wash-up day. OTHER OPINION i Aubrey Williams, Director of NYA > V\7’ ITH the growing antagonism * * of the taxpayers to the relief population and to the demands of workers we have got to make clear that the services of men will never be used up in farming until every child has enough food to make him as tall and as muscular as the children of the rich. That the services of industrial workers should always be in demand until we reach the place where the poor can be as warm in winter as wool and fuel will make them. That the services of economists and accountants, of clerks, salesmen, delivery boys, of railroads, trucks and highways, of telephones and the mail will never be over-employed until the necessaries reach every door. That the building trades or the housing factories which may in part displace them, will never reach over-capacity until every man has a room of his own. That writers, painters and musicians are not too prolific until they make available to all v.ho want it the expression of what life can mean. Plundered by Professionals '.Senator Bennett Champ Clark . D., Mo.' To a large extent our professional military men have been allowed to dictate not only our military policy but our national and foreign policies as well. We have been very free to criticise the militarism of other countries dominated by military or naval cliques. We ought now to recognize that we have submitted more docilely to being plundered by ship builders and other purveyors of munitions than have other peoples.

HOW MANY TIMES MUST PAPA SAY IT!

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The Hoosier Forum I ivholly disapprove of what you say—and will defend to the death your right to say it. — Voltaire.

iTimes readers are invited to express their views in these columns, relioious controversies excluded. Make vour letters short, so all can have a chance. Limit them to 250 words or less. Your letter must be sinned, but names will be withheld on reaucst.) a a tt CONSISTENCY, OH, YES, IT’S REALLY A JEWEL By F. O. C. Plonestly, did you ever hear the pot call the kettle black? “London, Nov. 6.—-British bankers have flatly rejected an appeal by Austria for at least a year's extension of an £BO,OOO loan. , . . The Austrian delegates were curtly informed they could have a month to think matters over, but not one moment more unless they wished Austria to be branded as a defaulting state.” Consistency, truly thou art a jewel! tt tt tt SEES VETERANS GETTING JUST RAW DEAL By Harry Baungaard The veterans are getting another surprise from our democracy-de-stroying government. They have raised the wages and shortened the hours on the PWA and all other three-letter organizations, but the veterans plug along as usual and wait, wait and wait for everything that is coming to them. I really think we are worth a raise in pay, like all other organizations, and we could stand a raise in subsistence, because we haven’t seen ham. bacon or pork since Hoover was President. And if it keeps up we shall be the first to receive potatoes wrapped in cellophane. It seems eventually the veterans will have to call upon General Smedley D. Butler and General Glassford to restore America to the American people, and not to communism, fakeism, dictatorism and all other goofy isms. a a a TAKES ISSUE WITH H. B. ON SALUTES TO FLAG By Edward Hartman In your issue of Nov. 18, H. B. thinks fia? saluting is going too far. Inasmuch as it is not necessary nor expected that one should salute the flag on all occasions, I can’t see how he gets that way. When our flag becomes Colors, a salute should be rendered when one is within six paces, or about 15 feet, of them. All flags are not Colors. Colors are flags that are used in parades, on the poles of forts, camps, ships, etc., and, of course, at the head of any military formation. Surely the average person does not come in contact with Colors so often as to be over-worked saluting them. As for religious convictions being the reason for their lack of respect, they surely remove their

Questions and Answers

Inclose a 3-cent stamp for reply when addressing any question of fact or information to The Indianapolis Times Washington Information Bureau. Legal and medical advice can not be given, nor can extended research be undertaken. Be sure all mail is addressed to The Indianapolis Times Washington Bureau, Frederick M. Kerby, Director. 1013 Thirteenth-st. N. W.. Washington, D. C. Q —When was Central Park purchased by the city of New York? A—ln 1856. Q—ls the tomato a fruit or a vegetable? A—Botanically it is a fruit, but in the garden and market it ranks as a vegetable only. Q—Give the number of battleships in the United States Navy. A—Fifteen. Q —Are the salaries of Senators and Representatives subject to income tax? A—Yes. Q—Does the District of Columbia have the status of a state? A—No; it is a Federal District. Q —Has the United States ever adopted a national flower? A—No; but a nation-wide contest for the selection of a national flower was by Nature Magazine

hats when praying. Saluting Colors has the same significance to our country, its ideals, etc. In other words, “render unto Caesar those things that are Caesar’s.” As for politicians and grafters being the ones that are most enthusiastic saluters, I think he is mistaken. This type of American usually does not know the proper way to salute Colors. Merely removing the hat is not saluting. My idea is that we are very lax about teaching the proper time and way to salute Colors to our school children, so that they will be proud to have the privilege of saluting them properly. a a a SAYS LEGAL LIQUOR TRAFFIC CAN’T BRING TEMPERANCE By Oliver W. Stewart, President. Flying Squadron Foundation. In a radio broadcast address I had occasion to comment on a recent editorial in The Indianapolis Times, as follows: “Recently three persons were killed and one blinded in Indianapolis by wood alcohol. The Indianapolis Times, esteemed by many for what they believe is its desire to be fair and just in the treatment of public questions, had its word to say last Friday about the deaths just mentioned: ’The lamentable incident has reminded many of the condition during prohibition, when wood alcohol killed many. ‘Repeal was to end this along with the other evils and dangers of prohibition. That it has recurred so soon after repeal does not mean that repeal was a mistake but that people do not comprehend the peril of drinking unknown liquors. ‘Temperance in the use of identified brands, with the guaranty of a reputable maker and seller behind them, is the only way to safety. Tt should not be forgotten that the expectation of temperance was the condition of repeal.’ “Let it be noted that according to The Times repeal was to end evils and dangers attributed to prohibition. But it has not ended them. Possibly deaths from drinking wood alcohol during prohibition were no more due to that policy than they now are due to repeal. How few persons of any mental discretion or intellectual power by which to ascertain and weigh facts believe that the drinker of wood alcohol has any governmental policy in mind or is directly or indirectly influenced by any such policy when he poisons himself with such liquids. “But what do deaths and blindness from drink and what do drinking and drunkenness and their general increase since repeal mean? The editor of The Times thinks he knows the answer. As he sees it the trouble is ‘people do not comprehend the peril of drinking

in which more than a million votes were cast; almost half of them were for the wild rose. Q —What religion did the French chemist Louis Pasteur profess? A—Roman Catholic. Q —Are daddy longlegs harmless? A—Yes. Q —What is the value of a United States 1 cent piece dated 1881? A—They are catalogued at 1 to 2 cents. Q—Who were the dancers in the motion picture, “Many Happy Returns,” featuring Burns and Allen? A —The team of Veloz and Yolanda. and John Taylor and Clark Rutledge, tap dancers. Q —Give the populations of France and Italy. A—France. 41.834.923; Italy, 42,621,000, both exclu.-.ive of possessions. Q—Does the presumption of innocence until he is convicted apply to persons accused of crime in England as well as in the Umted States? A—Yes. In noth countries the presumption of innocence abides throughout the trial. Q —What is the highest peak in the Catskill Mountains? A—Slide Mountain, in Ulster County altitude 4,204 feet.

unknown liquors.’ Then follows a plea for the use of ‘identified brands’ with guaranties of ‘reputable makers.’ Were it not for the known courage and independence of The Times one might fancy the writer turning his eyes on the advertising pages when that was penned and published. “There is peril, according to The Times, in drinking ‘unknown liquors.’ To be sure there is. Are there perils in drinking known liquors? To be sure there are. Alcohol, no matter how well it is branded and how well its source is guaranteed, is a poison. For that reason The Times is forcec. to say, ’Temperance in the use of identified brands, with the guaranty of a reputable maker and seller behind them, is the only way to safety.’ “But is it? What about total abstinence? Suppose one determines that he will patronize neither identified nor unidentified brands, will he not be on the way to safety? It is interesting that all the drunkards who have ever staggered along the way; that every man or woman dead or blinded by wood alcohol; that every one who has injured himself by drink, has come from the group of drinkers. The Times might well revise its statement, and mention that there is one way to safety—that of total abstinence. “The difficulty about moderate drinking is that he who drinks to excess does so not from judgment and reason but from appetite, and The Times can not reason with the appetite of a drinker. The drinker himself can not do so. “Yes, as The Times says, ‘the expectation of temperance was the condition of repeal.’ Those who hold it and were moved by it were in the grip of a delusion. “Temperance can not result from a legalized liquor traffic.” LAMENT OF A ROSE BY E. S. R. Look not on the dying phase Os beauty, in this chaliced vase. After life’s sweet consummation Cruel -seems disintergration. Death should be a swift descent E’re perfume and bloom are spent. DAILY THOUGHTS If I justify myself, mine own I mouth shall condemn me; if I say,; I am perfect, it shall also prove me j perverse.—Job 9:20. WIND puffs up empty bladders; 1 opinion, fools.—Socrates.

SIDE GLANCES

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“Oh, Richard has been like that ever since he read, somewhere, that the experts ponder 10 or 15 minutes over one play.”

NOV. 25, 1935

Washington Merry-Go-Round

BY DREW PEARSON and ROBERT S. ALLEN. VITASHINGTON. Nov. 25—One ™ * fact stood out with striking force at the Mayor's Conference here: The overwhelming majority of municipal executives are ardent advocates of Federal relief. Squarely up against the impossible task of stretching depressionriddled treasuries to cover even meager relief needs, most mayors and city managers are joining no Liberty League chorus about “excessive government expenditures.” To them. Federal funds have been literal life-savers, rescuing their communities from financial collapse and civil disturbance. Their big demand was for MORE government money. The most rousing moment of the three-day meeting occurred when Relief Administrator Harry Hopkins. discarding his prepared manuscript. declared that, the “Government of the United States has put its hand to this plow iof relief) and it is never going to be taken away.” With a few exceptions the city fathers attending the conference consider unemployment a permanent problem. Baltimore’s Mayor, Howard Jackson, talking informally to a group of colleagues, voiced the idea in these words: “I look forward to a steady and strong improvement in business in every line and at the same time a practically undiminished number of unemployed.” Technological developments and the increasing mechanization of production were held responsible for this condition. Next to the mayors’ demand for more government money was their clamor for a long-range relief policy. Washington’s policy of shifting to a different plan every year—first direct relief, then the CWA, then back to the dole, and now the PWA—makes for waste and inefficiency. They want to see a permanent Federal relief program, combining all these formulas if necessary, but one which the cities can be sure of and base their plans upon. a a tt \ HEARING which will materially -*■*- affect the future of television and cheap telephone communication opens here today. (Monday.) The Federal Communications Commission is rehearing the petition of the American Telephone and Telegraph Cos. to lay a coaxial cable between New York and Philadelphia. Made of one wire inside a large cable, instead of the usual twisted wires, a coaxial will carry about 240 telephone messages simultaneously with about 2400 telegraph messages. Also it will carry intantaneously the thousands of impulses needed for the dots and lines of television. Last April, the American Telephone and Telegraph was given permission to lay the cable provided it allowed other scientists the privilege of its use for television experimentation. In a huff, A. T. and T. withdrew the application, demanded a monopoly or nothing. Members of the Federal Communications Commission believe the company fears that laying the new cable will prove how cheap telephone costs can be made, thus lead the wholesale lowering of rates. Public criticism of the company has been expressed by Commissioner Paul Walker, in charge of the $750,000 Senate investigation of the A. T. and T.’s telephone monopoly. He claims the coaxial cable is “testing the sincerity” of the company’s expressed aim to co-operate for the j benefit of science, cheaper rates and the public. Meanwhile the entire question is up again before a none too friendly commission. Note—No coaxial cable has ever before been constructed anywhere in the world. it a a WISCONSIN, with 14 mayors, had the largest representation of any state at the Mayors’ Conference in Washington. . . . Oldest city executive in point of service was Charles S. Ashley, mayor of New Bedford, Conn., for 32 years. Next oldest was Daniel W. Hoan, Socialist mayor of Milwaukee for 20 years. Youngest in service was Harold H. Burton, elected to the mayoralty of Cleveland. 0., the fifth of this month. (Copyright. 1935. by United Feature Syndicate. Inc.)

By George Clark