Indianapolis Times, Volume 47, Number 197, Indianapolis, Marion County, 26 October 1935 — Page 9

It Seems to Me HEWOM BROUN MOST of the attacks upon the Supreme Court of the United States have been based upon the complaint that it has drawn unto itself powers which were not contemplated by the original framers of the Constitution From thus premise the argument develops that the court should be in some way curbed either by legislative action or by due process of amendment. I have a vague recollection of having written a few’ such columns myself. But at the moment I wish to point out that in

certain cases the powers of the Supreme Court, under its own interpretation, are far too small and should be augmented. I have in mind the ruling that the court could not review the case of Angelo Herndon because of technical reasons. These reasons, as I understand them, are based upon the contention that t) e constitutional question was net raised in time. The same kind of red tape argument has seemed to prevent the court from stepping in and ending the scandal of Tom Mooney’s unjust imprisonment. Quite frankly I question the sin-

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cerity of the majority members of the high bench. I have observed, and also been advised by brilliant counsel, that when the Supreme Court really wants to rule upon a case it can always find some technical device to gain jurisdiction. Red tape is a kind of skipping rope with which the nine old gentlemen divert themselves. They can leap over it when that is their pleasure or trip upon it when the spirit moves them. tt tt a Should Cut Red Tape A FRIEND of mine was fired the other day, and . his editor said to him, “I think you would be happier elsewhere.” "The only trouble,” my friend explained, ‘‘was that he didn't tell me how I could find this elsewhere.” But it must be found. If the Supreme Court says in the circumstance of manifest injustice, ‘‘We can't do anything about this,” then some other remedy must be discovered. I have still sufficient belief in the processes of democracy to want to maintain the prestige of the judicial action, interpretation or amendment., the highest court should be empowered to cut through all red tape which is drawn across the trail and be enabled to take action in any instance where justice is being brutally assaulted. The least lovely face which states’ rights can show is in the shocking variety of decisions from community to community. And in a measure it has been a function of the Supreme Court to str /e fer a greater uniformity. Os course, the sentence meted out to Angelo Herndon in Georgia is manifestly a piece of vengeance. He had in his possession radical literature, and he took part in a movement to protest against inadequate relief. He was convicted of “inciting to insurrection” under an old slave law which had been forgotten but was trumped up for this case. He has been sentenced to serve from 18 to 20 years on a Georgia chain gang, which is literally a sentence of death. a tt a Children Might Choke NOW, red-baiting persists in practically every state in the Union, and the Empire State is no exception. And yet about the most which Angelo Herndon could have been charged with hereabouts would be disorderly conduct. And it would take a pretty unfair and tough magistrate to convict him even of that. I think that the Supreme Court, in addition to passing on the merits of the case itself, ought to have the power to take cognizance of such vast spreads in legal practice throughout the country. Certainly they make a jest of all proud assertions that we have no North or South or East or West, but that we are a united nation. I fear that if justice is not done in the case of Angelo Herndon school children will choke upon the words when they sing of "The land of the free and the home of the brave.” And when a courageous young man dies under the lash of a Georgia chain gang will it comfort the members of the court to say, “So sorry! We couldn’t do anything about it because of technical reasons?” If we must have a Supreme Court —and I am informed by some eminent authorities that we must—let it constitute an oasis named Elsewhere; let it be a spot where justice and freedom can be found. Let the court speak out and not be found gagged and bound by the meshes of technicalities. I feei that I have found at last that red menace of which men speak. It is the red tape by which the innocent are strangled. i Copyright. 1935)

Your Health —BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN—

EVERYBODY knows that pupils are occasionally annoying to their teachers, but few people have given thought to the ways in which teachers may annoy their pupils. It occurred to a professor at North Carolina State College to study the annoying habits of college professors, and he recently has made available his results. One hundred twenty-three students were asked to observe their teachers particularly for mannerisms and habits that were annoying. They were asked to note such tricks as frowning, twisting the mouth, twiddling the fingers, pulling the ears and nose, or scratching the head. They were asked to watch the teacher as to neatness and color of his dress. They were asked to see if the teachers were clean, regularly shaved, and whether they had any expressions of speech which were annoying. a tt a THE pupils reported that rambling in lectures was the most annoying habit of the professor, but right after that came twisting the mouth into odd shapes and frowning. Then came playing with objects on the desk, pulling the ears, nose and lips, and keeping hands in pockets. About midway in the list came pet expressions and scratching the head. It is obvious that students are easily annoyed by gestures and abortive movements which have nothing to do with what the teacher is saying. The salesman in business will find that the same tricks frequently annoy prospective customers. Students collected a number of pet expressions of the professors, which indicate how easily it is for all of us to get into the habit of overusing certain terms. Among some of the interesting pet expressions are the following: “See, get that?” "What a man!” "After all is said and done." "Interestingly enough.” "In the final analysis.” "By and large.”

Today's Science BY SCIENCE SERVICE

WASHINGTON, Oct. 26.—Growing pains of the comparatively young mountains around Helena, Mont., are responsible for the scores of earthquakes that have shaken and damaged during the past 10 days the region in central Montana where the Missouri River begins to gather water. Earthquakes are the price paid by the crust of the earth for its evolution and progress. And in that sense the Rocky Mountain region and the Pacific Coast, because they are younger geologically, are more progressive and likely to give and his buildings jolts from time to time. Scientists have put their scientific finger upon the spot where the major shock of Saturday occurred. It is 70 miles north of Helena in the Little Belt Mountains. the range northeast of that city. Not particularly unusual are the scores of minor shocks that are reminding inhabitants unpleasantly of the big shake. More unusual was the previous Saturdays foreshock, the physical premonition of the major tremor to come, for earthquakes do not always call their shots in this way. The fault or rock cleavage in the mountains that slipped and thus set up the vibration may not be found. The actual slippage of the rocks probably occurred deep in the earth and in this quake probably did not come to the surface of the ground tts it sometimes does.

Full Leasoc] Wire Servirp r.f the United Tress Association

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Boake Carter

War rages on in Ethiopia even as Mussolini and Stanlrv Baldwin toss the olive branches of peace to each other. \Vhr Is 11 Dure so intent on his colonial expedition? Boake Carter tells you in his book. -Black Shirt, Black Skin,” the fifteenth installments of which is presented todav by The Times. development of Abyssinia's mineral resources has ever been attempted on a large scale —and again this would take time, money and equipment —and would Mussolini have these last two things at the close of an expensive war? In the supposition that Italy did emerge victorious —still the bilis would have to be paid just the same and the country would be sick of. war—for’ all countries shout for war when the drums boat, the bugles blow and the girls wave pretty white handkerchiefs to departing sweethearts —but when the casualty lists are printed and the wounded, the forevermaimed and the dying return home, every nation sickens of war. In the event, then, that Italy, though victorious, might be tired of war, would she be in any physical or financial condition to stave off a Teutonic invasion of Austria, or to go one step farther —stop any German advance through the Alps into Italy? Probably not. One venders what passes through the Hitler mind. For there is yet another implication given little publicity to date. a tt a MUSSOLINI'S bellicosity has at times sounded very sure, very certain. His general attitude has been one of supreme confidence regarding his Ethiopian venture, as though he knew, but the v’orld didn’t know, that he had nothing to worry about from other quarters, while he was engaged in his colonial w f ar. It might be that history is repeating itself behind the scenes even more faithfully than appears on the surface of international diplomacy. For on Aug. 28, 1935, Germany and Austria declared a truce in the “press war” that has been going on for months between them. Berlin Ambassador Franz von Papen protested to the Austrian authorities the hostile attitude of the Austrian press. Whereupon, he was informed that the press of Germany w ! as equally hostile to Vienna. A truce v’as declared and more friendly relations established. Behind this came strong rumors that secret negotiations were under way to establish a nonagression pact between Germany and Austria, and the reason was ascribed to Italy’s Ethiopian venture. Mussolini is good enough soldier and leader to w’ell realize that a costly war in Africa will exhaust him and lay him wide open to defeat should any German army fight its w’ay through the Brenner Pass. So is it unreasonable or illogical to suspect that there may be some secret understanding between Mussolini and Hitler to the effect that, if ihe Reiehsfuhrer mafntains a hands-off policy in Austria. while Mussolini is conquering Abyssinia—ll Duce, will, in turn, throw all his support to Hitler to aid the latter not only in navai matters, but, more threatening still, in the restoration of German East and Southwest Africa to the German Empire? This would mean throwing out the British protectorate over Tanganyka, and restoring Germany to her “place in the sun” in Africa, something which the British authorities will simply refuse to countenance. Italy alone threatening the

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BY STANLEY A. TULLSEN NKA Service Staff Writer \ FAMOUS weapon was the French “75” during the World War and many American gunners fired their first blasts at the foe w’ith this artillery piece. It was marvelously effective, considering its limitations, but far more marvelous is the improvement embodied in the “75'’ of today. Two types of this gun are shown here in vivid contrast—one of the iron-tired type in position under camouflage on a French front, and one of the up-to-the-last-minute pneumatic-tired guns of the New York National Guard, ready to boom in recent maneuvers. Forty miles a day was considered a long trip for one of the old horse-drawn guns, with unsprung wheels and iron tires. Now, towed by high-speed trucks, a rubber-tired “75” can cover 300 miles in the same length of time, without being extended. Speed of transport is not the only improvement. The new guns have been made over as to trail, traverse, elevation, and firing range. With elevation of 45 degrees, they can shoot more than 13.000 yards, compared with not more than 9000 for the old models.

The Indianapolis Times

BLACK SHIRT - BLACK SKIN

By Boake [.Carter

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Swift, modern, dangerous, the Italian cruiser Zara is one of the formidable weapons at Premier Mussolini’s disposal in his efforts to keep the Suez ( anal open for communication with his armies in Africa.

Mediterranean link of the British empire is serious enough. But an Italo-German combine to break the British hold on Africa would mean certain war. a u IT may be fear of this or even pre-knowledge that such an understanding does exist between Berlin and Rome which accounts for Britain’s belligerent attitude. It may be also this understanding which has lent such seeming outward confidence to Mussolini; to the tenor of his defiant remarks which led him to shout at Great Britain in chilling manner: “Sanctions mean war!” Few nations would so defy Great Britain, unless they were well satisfied that they had their rearguard well covered. And so ambition, with all its attendant greed, has fastened its tentacles upon this modern wouldbe Julius Caesar. When ambition suddenly seizes a world leader, it is a disease which, if it is to be furthered by blood and bullets, leads only along the path of destruction. It can lead nowhere else in this modern day. True, it did not always in the years past. But then the w'orld was not so thickly populated and civilization not so intense nor the economy of the universe so maddeningly intertwined and intricate. tt a a AMBITION, combined with the inevitable pressure of economic forces, thrusts Mussolini on and on. Ambition has been the downfall of many a great dictator or emperor. History is alive with the accounts of their rise to power. And history is likewise strewn with their collapses. The steam generated by the pressure of civilization has raised three ugly lumps upon the earth’s surface. One is Italy; one is Germany and the third is Japan. And nothing can prevent the pressure from bursting through one of these three lumps on the earth's face. Nothing long can prevent Japan from taking what she wants in Asia—or Europe from wresting what she wants from Africa. All the world wishes it would be by peaceful means—but this is to be doubted because of fear and because the world is operated by human beings, who are notably fallible. If Africa and Asia are not the expanding grounds for the people of these three nations—then the poison is simply driven inward;

ll lli ll * Ibis 1' j| 111 Weapons of the World War and Weap ons of the Next War Pictured in Contrast

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A great gun was the old “75” shown here under camouflage on a French front, but five miles an hour was about its best pace in transport.

Many of them have the split trail i “tail” of the gum instead of the old box trail. This gives an increase in traverse (their angle j right and left) from the old figure j of 6 oegrees to 85 degrees today, j

INDIANAPOLIS, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 26, 1935

The Story Behind the Ethiopian War

Its inhabitants living in constant fear of death crashing down from Italian aircraft. Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, is shown here in anew picture, the huddled mass of primitive huts surrounding the better type of buildings erected by foreign capital. A detachment of Haile Selassie’s mounted warriors assigned to defense of the city is shown in the foreground.

into Europe, with a consequent succession of wars, depressions and general lowering of the scale of civilized living. a a tt THE world has always been at odds over Africa and Asia. And always have France and England been ranged on one side, and Germany and Italy on the other. Yet the expressions of their rivalry have taken concrete form in Europe. Europe has been the battleground. But the causes have been Africa and Asia. They were the causes of the World War, as we have shown. The Treaty of Versailles and the regrouping of the map of Europe at the close of the World War did not touch these fundamentals at all. It merely changed the battlefield map and did, to a certain extent, aggravate the situation. Austria, without any commercial support or means of self-support other than that given her by the great powers, is not in a healthy condition. The presence of a strip of land called the Polish Corridor is equally impossible to maintain. A Germany, cut off entirely from self-support, is bound to explode. But the fact is not changed that the colonial situation remains just the same today as in 1914. Wipe away the World War altogether and wipe away the post-

The United States Army is converting its iron-tired “755” into the rubber-tired type as rapidly as possible, nearly half of the regular Army's 400 guns of this kind now being equipped for speed travel. The National Guard has

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Massed at both ends of the Suez Canal are powerful British and French fleets, available to enforce a blockade if it should be sanctioned, At top are British ships at Port Said:’below, French destroyers.

war period—and Abyssinia and Tunis are still there. China is still there. Persia is still independent. All just in the same .position as they were in 1914. And the nations which could not agree on the division of spoils then, who could not agree as to w ; ho should control these last outposts of independence, today connive bitterly over the very same places. tt tt tt THUS the signs which pointed through the international skies from 1900 to 1914 have pointeed in the same direction from 1919 to 1935. The British, the French, the Germans and the Italians still strive to play one off against the other, for what they may get out of Africa. Nation will contest with nation in Europe for what colonies they can get outside Europe. And if they be no more successful this time than the last, then will follow' yet another period of jockeying, backing and filling, conniving and intrigue, until another "incident” sets the whole structure ablaze for the third time. Plainly the signs all point today to another European war for the division of colonial territory. tt tt tt EUROPE took the five continents and developed them industrially. Now' a time is rapidly

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The “75” of today, rubber-tired, can be moved great distances over the roads in a day, behind high speed trucks hitting a mile-a-minute clip.

more than 800 rubber-tired guns of this type. NEXT —“Calamity Jane,” one of

approaching w’hen there is nothing left to develop. Europe is faced W’ith a decision of either agreeing to stop stealing slices of the other continents for empire purposes and agree merely to the exchange of goods and social thoughts with the other territories, or it must mutually agree upon a division of all the continents of the world, live up to the agreements and not covet the territory belonging to next door neighbors. The first it won’t or can not do, because of the industrial macihne built up in the last hundred years. The second it won’t do because nobody trusts anybody else. If the major powers can not agree not to slaughter one another any more when an argument arises, but to sit down and talk it over and let a jury of nations deliver the answer, how much less likely are they to be able to agree to a division of empire and then abide by the agreements which are reached? So it is clear as crystal that the troubles of Europe are not European—but are to be found in the Near East and the Far East. The present economy of the world dictates that the call for empire shall grow more and more intense, and Abyssinia is the newest expression of this intensity. Monday: Which Way America? (Copyright. 1335. bv the Telegraph Press Harrisburg, Pa.)

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the last guns fired on Nov. 11, 1918, and anew 8-inch howitzer, one of the United States Army's artillery speed marvels.

Second Section

Entered s SoonndfTs Matter at Pngtoffice. Indianapolis. Ind.

She Way I See It CENHHIOHH NEW YORK. Oct. 26. —Hitler is an explosive force in the European powder magazine. Mussolini could not maintain even a few- months of modern war because that requires a vast steel industry. Italy does not have that —but the Nazis nave. Switzerland sharply conditioner her “sanctions" against Italy and Austria in closing no doors across

her borders. Thus the way is wide open for the shipment of ail materials of destruction from Germany to Italy. It is this that Britain fears. Here lies the principal threat of European war becoming general. This Nazi and Fascist business is a much greater threat than Communism. There are too many important men in our own country who like to flirt with something of the same idea and too many sympathizers with the Nasi cause. It may seem a superficial thing, but it is worth remark that there is not more general condemnation of our sending athletes to compete in the Berlin Olympiad.

If there is one hundred enterprise where men can and ought to be treated with scrupulous equality it is in the athletic contests. How can there be a “fair field and no favor” in a country which not only indicts, but condemns, a whole people? nan Not Lunacies of Whole People A CONTEST, the sole purpose of which is to find out nothing less than who are the best athletes in the world is simply “no contest" when an entire class of contestants is handicapped in it for no other reason than that their racial strain is not approved by the Keeper of the Show. This and other signs of national madness are not lunacies of whole peoples. They are the insanities of individuals. War itself is insanity and these things demonstrate daily what all of history proves—dictatorships make wars because they permit the unbalance of a single man to topple over a whole nation. iCoDvneht, 1935. bv Unite and Feature Syndicate. Inc.)

Our Nine Lives BY ERNIE PYLE

WASHINGTON, Oct. 26.—1 t is, I believe, not considered smart in present-day literary and social circles to confess to being a reader of Jack London. But, being an outsider to those distinguished strata. I feel perfectly free to record right here, for all the scorners to see, my recent pleasure in reading "The Star Rover.” a Jack London book published more than 20 years ago. This volume has brought more conjecture and dark, puzzling studies to what is sometimes referred to as my mind than any book I’ve read in years. This book is based on the premise that man’s spirit is a continuing thing (it is not a book on spiritualism), that when the body ceases, that same life comes popping up again in some other human form, and that all our past lives are somewhere back in our consciousness, only we lack the concentrative ability to go back and remember them. The leading character in "The Star Rover” is a professor of agriculture in a Western university, who has murdered a fellow' professor and hence is spending the rest of his days in San Quentin. The professor's pride continually rebels against the small injustices convicts must endure. Finally he becomes labeled No. 1 incorrigible, and spends all his time in solitary, most of it in a strait-jacket. a a a TO avoid the torture of the jacket and partly as an experiment, he trains himself to "kill” his body just by thinking hard about it; first he concentrates on his feet until they seem no longer to exist, then his legs, his arms, his chest, and finally his brain: and as the last section of his body is eliminated, his mind goes shooting back into history, and he lives again ihe lives he lived in the past. In these mental excursions he lived again with complete reality and genuineness his life as a child with the "forty-niners,” which ended in his death at the hands of Mormons; his life as a shipwrecked sa.lor in Korea, where he spent 40 years as a beggar; his life as a French noble in the dueling days; his life as a worker in Egypt. With practice, he acquired the abilitv to “go to sleep” even while they were still lacing' his jacket, and he would not awaken again till they were unlacing him at the end of 10 days; in that period he would have lived over in the greatest detail some fascinating past life, and yet the time that had elapsed in this w r orld, it seemed to him, had not been 10 days, but merely the flash of a second. He never got back to the days when he was a mud tuitle, but he felt that with sufficient practice he could get back that far. They took him out, I regret to report, and hanged him before he got that far. tt tt tt I CAN NOT help but wonder, in those vague interludes when we sit alone and think weird thing3 to ourselves, if there is not something to this past life business. As Jack London says, all of us have had those uncanny flashbacks—a face in a crowd, an overheard remark . , . and we have that puzzling feeling that somewhere we have seen, or heard, or done that thing before. And yet nothing in our memory can bring to realization when or where or how it was. London thought those moments are swift glimpses of our former lives, and that’s as far as most of us can ever go, but with intense concentration and devotion to a mental discipline approaching selfhypnosis, London thought we could recapture and relive, in our minds, all those experiences. When I get rich I expect to buy a house way down South, and lean a chair up against the sunny side, and just sit there for weeks and weeks, trying to get back to the days when I was Genghis Khan, or a billy goat, or maybe Cleopatra. And if I don’t succeed, at least I’ll have had a mighty fine rest.

Times Books

METEOR,” by Karel Capek, will make an interesting novel for readers who have the patience to unwrap the cloudy obscurities in which its kernel of story is wrapped (Putnam; $2), It gets away to a fine start, at any rate. An airplane crashes during a thunderstorm somewhere in mid-Europe. The pilot is killed; the sole passenger is knocked senseless, his face burned so as to make identification impossible. He is lugged to a hospital, where is it discovered that in addition to his other troubles he is suffering from yellow fever. Question: Who is he, where did he come from, and what was he doing flying across Europe in a blinding storm? And how did he get yellow fever? a a a THERE'S no way of finding out for sure, so obscure clews are pieced together. A nurse gets part of the story by means of a vivid dream; a clairvoyant gets more of it out of the blue sky. So they put together the man's history; an Englishman who worked in Cuba, got into divers scrapes, made and lost a fortune, had a tempestuous love affair and was, at the time of his and ath, hurrying home to redeem the family fortunes so hat he could go back in triumph to dazzle the heroine. A good enough story, surely—but I object to needless obscurity. (By Bruce Catton.)

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Gen. Hugh S. Johnson