Indianapolis Times, Volume 47, Number 196, Indianapolis, Marion County, 25 October 1935 — Page 19

It Seems to Me HEYMD BROUN TANARUS) RIG. GEN. CHARLES H SHERRILL seems to me something less than the most eloquent possible exponent of the contention that the United States should send an Olympic team to Berlin next year. The general is quoted as saying, “I went to Germany for the purpose of getting at least one Jew on the German Olympic team, and I feel my job Is finished.” The general Is too modest. According to the news reports, two Jewish exiles have been invited to re-

turn just long enough to do their oit for the power and prestige of Adolf Hitler. ' But,” if I may break into the conversaiton, "don’t you realize, general, that one Jewish athlete is less an athlete than a stooge? Even two Jewish athletes do not constitute an indication upon the part of the Nazis that they are willing to fall in with the old old Greek spirit of a welcome to all comers. The mast that can be said for the Nazi concession is that they are willing to make a feeble gesture in order to hold the franchise.” But the fundamental fallacy

Hcywood Broun

in the argument of Gen. Sherill is that he takes the entire Olympic argument as wholly a problem concerning anti-Semitism. I have no reason to minimize that issue, which is a good enough fighting front for any one, but I want to know whether it might not be an excellent thing for America to make a gesture against the complete philosophy of Fascism? a a a Women Might Protest WHY, for instance, shouldn't there be protests upon the part of women's organizations? Even those groups which are not completely feminist in tone might well object to having American girl athletes go to a land in which it is held that the church, tiie cooking stove and children are all that any woman should ever know. And, as a matter of fact, Mr. Hitler seems of late to have had a good many reservations about the church. Again, why should American athletes be called upon to compete in a land which has wiped away all vestige of democratic procedure? Even the sports stories written by the visiting newspaper men would have to go through the wringer of Hitler's censorship. Unfortunately, it is true America does not come to the Olympic games with a complete absence of prejudice on its own account. General Sherrill has said: “I would have no more business discussing that <Jewish prejudice) in Germany than if Germans attempted to discuss the Negro situation in the South or the treatment of the Japanese in California.” But I think the brigadier has hit on nothing more than a half truth. While it would be idle to deny the existence of Negro prejudice in the United States, wo have been shrewd enough to use the feeblest word, always to avail ourselves of the services of Negro athletes on Olympic teams. We have not been content to say: "We have one Negro on •the squad, and that’s enough.” I am not. arguing that this represents any particularly high ethical standard on the part of our Olympic officials. It merely means that unless we include a number of Negro athletes we are not going to win the 100-metcr, the 200 or the broad jump. a a a A Stroke of Genius BUT with all our faults it can hardly be maintained that the Germany of Hitler is any more free on the Negro question that, the most benighted of our backward states. The Nazi devotion to the fantastic cult of the wholly imaginary Nordic has gone even beyond the boundaries set by any colonel in the depths of Mississippi. By w'hat comes close to a stroke of genius Adolf Hitler has managed to bring into a single country the prejudices of all the world and to pile them up in a curious figure called the Swastika. If has been said by some that I am often inclined to glorify other countries at the expense of my own. I will not argue that now because I wish to testify that, with all our faults, we are little short of Utopian in our attitude on racial and religious prejudice when the Germany of Hitler is taken as a yardstick. I am not in favor of passing up the Olympic games. I am merely in favor of passing up Berlin, and surely there must be some city in the world more worthy to receive men and women of many races and many faiths than that capital, which is dedicated to the belief that all men are not brothers and not even second cousins thrice removed. Gen. Sherrill should not only get himself a better cause but a better argument as well. (Copyright, 1935)

Your Health BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN

MILLIONS of dollars are spent every year in the United States for tooth pastes and mouth washes. Most people think when they use preparat.ons that they are performing a valuable function for the health of their mouths and particularly for the gums and teeth. The dentists have organized an advisory body of physiologists, pathologists, practicing physicians, and dentists to consider the claims made for these prepara lions. Their views are constructive. For instance, we constantly hear the claim that a preparation is good for acid mouth. Actually, dentists say, the reaction of the mouth is relatively constant for every individual. a a a ONE of the theories of decaying teeth argues that. this is caused by acid generated in localized areas from sugars left in the cavities. There does not seem to be any proof that this in any way is tela ted to the decay of teeth. Rats, for example, may be fed large amounts of sweets and yet never develop decaying teeth. Brushing the teeth immediately after meals is a good practice, because It keeps the mouth clean and free from debris in which bacteria may develop, but whether the preparation used with the brush is alkaline or antiseptic does not seem to make much duffercnce. Mouth washes aie considered by dental authorities merely flavored solutions which make the mechanical washing of the mouth pleasant. Considering the manner in which such mouth washes are used, they can not have any real antiseptic value.

Today s Science BY DAVID DIETZ

A STAR that may be one of the sun’s half dozen nearest neighbors was discovered by Doctors Luyten and Ebbighausen at the University of Minnesota from an examination of photographic plates made by the Harvard College Observatory. Prof. Harlow Shaplev, director of the observatory, lists the discovery as one of the astronomical highlights of 1935. Chief on his list for the year, it will be recalled, was the work of Dr. Robert J. Trumpler of the Lick Observatory in bringing anew confirmation to the Einstein theory from the study of the spectra of the Class 0 blue, super-giant stars. a a a “nnHE rapid motion of this eleventh magnitude ob--I- ject,” Dr. Shaplev says of the star discovered by Luyten and Ebbighausen, "revealed its nearness, and a preliminary calculation indicates certainly that this newly known neighbor, perhaps only eight or ten light years distant, is a sub-dwarf nearly 10,000 times less luminous than the sun. “Its distance and candle power will be known with high accuracy a few months from now.” Readers will realize that the nearer a star, the quicker it will move acrass the sky with relation to other stars. Hence, whenever an extremely rapidly moving star is discovered, it is suspected of being a clase neighbor. The nearest star. Alpha Centauri. is four and a third light-years away. A light-year is six trillion miles. Nova Hercuds. the ‘‘new star” which flared up in the constellation of Hercules, was the subject of more than 200 scientific papers this year, Dr. Shapelv says.

Full Leased Wire of the United Proa* Association

By J Bp!* 1 f M

Boake Carter

War rarra on * n Ethiopia eyrn ax Mussolini and Stanley Baldwin toss th? olive branches of peace to each other. Whv is II Dure so intent on his colonial expedition? Boake Carter tells you in his book. "Black Shirt. Black Skin,” the fourteenth installment of which is presented today by The Times. SUBSTITUTE Ethiopia for the cake, and the great powers for the animals and you have the exact same picture, enacted by human begins sometimes, one fears, not so very far removed from the four-legged beings of the earth! Throughout the history of Ethiopia and northern Africa since the World War, French diplomacy has been vacillating, partly because of jealousies and partly because of British advice. The real time for Mussolini to have approached Ethiopia was ten or a dozen years ago. There would have been no occasion for sword rattling. Concessions would have been obtained peacefully and quiet co-operation extended Rome by the Emperior of Ethiopia. But every time there was any sign of this happening, the French undermined Italian gestures. They worked quietly and effectively on the Emperor. And so a special hate for Italy was fostered in Abyssinia. Then along came Hitler on to the European horizon. The old Germany, maimed and slashed to an economic nonentity by the Versailles agreements, collapsed.. The French became alarmed. The sudden courtship of Italy followed with undignified haste. French objection to Italy’s designs on Ethiopia were withdrawn. Mussolini found an incident and the troops began marching. Originally, there is no doubt, he did not intend war. No man who really means to fight, gets on the mountain top and blusters and bellows to the world what he’s going to do. It was all aimed in two directions—domestic Italy and Ethiopia. a a a ITALIANS were supposed to cheer “Viva Duce!” w'ith much fervor, and the Abyssinians were supposed to flee to the forest and quake with fear. But the 1929 economic crisis built up so fast and so suddenly and Mussolini’s bullyragging became so blatant, that eventually he discovered he had a bear by the tail and couldn’t let go. Instead of scaring the Ethiopians, he roused their fury and a fanatical determination to resist his armies at all casts. Instead of proceeding quietly and with cunning. his bellicosity has alarmed his friends in Europe. And he has prophesied so much that his own people have had their expectations aroused to a boiling point. Now' Great Britain has suddenly been forced to the conclusion that Mussolini has talked himself into believing that he is the living reincarnation of Julius Caesar; that he will not be content with Ethiopia—but will seek to extend his empire from Libya, with its coastline on the Mediterranean, right across Egypt to Ethiopia, Italian Somaliland, and the Indian Ocean. Thus, with the snap of the fingers, presto—a second-class row assumes all the making of a firstclass war, with the possibilities of the world going up in flames' for the second time in a quarter of a century. a a a BRITISH naval vessels steam to the Suez canal. Troop reinforcements are sent to the British Mediterranean naval base at Malta. Troops are strengthened in their garrisons in Egypt. A i British cruiser drops her hook in the harbor at Eden, directly across the Bay from Djibouti, in French : Somaliland. John Bull does not rush blindly into these ominous preparations. He has been more friendly to Mussolini than he has been otherwise in the past. Nor does the British public take kindly to the notion that it may be plunged into another war, at the very time when England I seems to show signs of economic | progress and recovery from the j devastating effects of the last w’ar. What, then, is the trouble? It is the sudden realization that Mussolini may. in his madness, endanger the whole British Empire. The British policy of playing | off one nation against another down through the ages, when it has come to Africa, has been dictated by the fact that the connecting link running from Gibraltar, through the Mediterranean Sea, to Suez, through the canal, down the Red Sea and out into the Indian ocean, is the life line that connects the mother country with her far-flung empire. a a a ANY one able to dominate that connecting link would be in a position to reduce, over night, Great Britain from her position of one of the mightiest nations on earth, to the inferior position of a second or even third rate power. W’ith this connecting link gone, from Gibraltar to Aden, Great Britain would be as powerless as was Samson when the treacherous Delilah the hair from his head. It is clear that Italy can not pocket, or having pocketed, hope | to hold Ethiopia, without first : having full control of the Medi--1 terranean and the Red Sea,

The Indianapolis Times

BLACK SHIRT ■— BLACK SKIN

By Boake Carter

'

Seemingly springing from the earth like the fabled army of Cadmus, the armed hordes of Askaris fighting with the Italian army swarmet! into action against Ethiopians across the rough country near Aduwa on the Northern battle front. A staff of camera men pictures the awesome spectacle of a hillside alive with shouting warriors on the war path.

through the power of her navy and air force. The British fear that Mussolini aims to supplant the power of the Royal Navy in these waters and so become the dictator of Great Britain’s empire life line. And such a thought simply horrifies London. Not a single Englishman wants war—but all Englishmen are very loyal when they believe that their Empire is threatened. London also realizes that the stronger Mussolini grows in naval power, the more French friendship for Great Britain will be alienated and drawn over the Italian side of the fence. For France also has an African colonial empire and it is obvious diplomacy to play ball with the strongest naval power sailing in the vicinity of your territory. HERETOFORE, at all times, the British Royal Navy has plowed majestically through the seven seas. Britannia has ruled the waves since time immemorial. The Mediterranean has been one of the seven seas and the French therefore have sailed complacently and happily in the wake of His Britannic Majesty’s battleships.

■ 1914/1 t-Nt-ylNt-S ft* 111- A i U iMI llllOia'lfe Wea P ons of the World War and Weapons of the Next War ISiIL... Jill Graphically Pictured in Contrast

’LL"- •:? .. . ... .... ;

The cavalry’s coming—(oiling slowly over the prairie, tired riders on the heavy wagons, tired horses pull ing them, the old “romantic” wav.

—,■ ■mt n.r r t - , j ®j

Not so much romance in the modern cavalry system, but It’s a more formidable fighting unit that moves forward in its tanks over this road.

BY STANLEY A. TULLSEN N'EA Service Staff Writer AHORSE trooper of World War days could ride past a modern cavalry unit—and never recognize it as cavalry. In no otner arm of military service has there been greater transformation since 1918. The spectacular thundering charge of column after column of horses, a glamorous spectacle, will be a rarity in the future. The cavalry now goes into action with mounts of steel, bristling with machine guns, radio guiding its movements. How great the contrast Is can be seen in the two pictures —a dozen powerful combat cars of the

INDIANAPOLIS, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1935

The Story Behind the Ethiopian War

But if Italy should become the supreme naval authority in the Mediterranean, the French will sail just as serenely in the wake of II Duce’s battleships. If this should happen, England would suddenly find herself on the -wrong side of the fence. Isolated, toppled from the traditional perch occupied jointly with America, as one of the two great leaders of the civilized world, she would stir through the bitter ashes of diplomatic defeat and find left to her only a paltry little naval agreement with the unreliable Hitler. And this would amount to not more than the value of the paper on which it is written, because England would no longer be mistress of the seas and Hitler would no longer feel compelled to kowtow to London naval orders. In a word, if she -were suddenly to lose naval control of the Mediterranean, England, overnight, would tumble from the top of the ladder to the bottom and the might and majesty of the British Empire would be no more. a a a TALK of closing the Suez Canal by the British has been glib. Yet it is not so simple a matter as an that. To begin with the canal Is

United States First Cavalry lined up along a highway and then another cavalry unit making toilsome progress over the prairie in the old way—tired men riding on heavy wagons, tired steeds straining at their collars. a a a J? UROPEAN countries have gone -L-/ far in mechanizing and motorizing their cavalry, and Uncle Sam is making great strides in the, same direction. The famous First Regiment now has motor equipment consisting of tanks (they call them combat cars in the cavalry), armored cars, scout cars, machine gun carriers and personnel carriers and trains. Its tanks are powered with avi-

operated by a private Egyptian company—and Great Britain holds merely a minority of the stock. And even this holding, which expires in 1968, is based upon a collection granted the British by the Egyptian government. Secondly the Constantinople convention of 1888 provides that the canal shall “always be free and open in time of war, as in time of peace, to every vessel of commerce or war without distinction as to flag.” Also the problem of defending the canal is a joint responsibility of all European nations. In 1914, the British set up a unilateral protectorate over Egypt and closed the canal to German, Austrian and Turkish warships and merchantmen. But this protectorate ended in 1922. Egypt has territorial sovereignty over the canal, but is not a member of the League of Nations. And finally, Egypt has no traaty with the English recognizing the British claim of sole right to defend the canal. a a a THESE difficulties give rise to this situation. Suppose England did close the canal. Italy would promptly throw the case before the World Court—and there

ation engines, carry six machine guns, and operate on either wheels or tractor belts. The scout cars, with a speed of 45 miles an hour, carry radio and are used largely for liaison, but they’re real fighting machines besides, each mounting an anti-tank gun and two machine guns. But with all the mechanization and motorization the cavalry has not discarded the horse. Military authorities agree that the horse, even as the foot soldier, always will keep his place in warfare. He is not supplanted—just supplemented—by the steel monsters. NEXT—Transformation of the famous French “75.”

Is an American member of the court, ex-Secretary of State Kellogg. Italy would demand that, the court determine the validity of the 1888 convention; demand to know whether the League of Nations covenant superseded this convention; and finally demand a reviewing of England’s relationships with Egypt. It would be most embarrassing for the English if this happened, for it would place them in the position of insisting that Italy accept an international settlement of the Ethiopian problem, while at time refusing to permit any one to question her own right of being exclusive proprietor of all things Egyptian. It might lead to the throwing open in heated debate of the whole question of international canals. Great Britain is not likely to close the Sue/, Canal, except as a very last resort, or in the event that either her own ships or her own territory are subjected to an Italian attack. This may explain the activities of John Bull north and south of Suez. He does not admit his diplomacy is bankrupt by any means. True, the French position is a bitter pill. It means that preparations to safeguard the empire against any sudden attempt on the part of II Duce to carve from it a slice for himself, must be taken by himself alone. T>UT, in the meantime no stone is being left unturned to peimit the British to hold control of that thin red line from Gibraltar to Aden, and at the same time gain for Mussolini from Ethiopia enough concessions to satisfy II Duce and keep him in the role of a secondary naval power along this vital route. If this fails and it comes to w'ar between England and Italy, then Great Britain will utilize the League of Nations to bestir world sentiment to the British side. Few diplomats believe that either Rome or London is bluffing. Italy herself is worried by the London attitude and feels that this sudden, new menace is more threatening than anything that may happen in Abyssinia. And yet Mussolini is now in a position where he is utterly unable to turn back. His case may be summarized thusly: He must have an outlet for his excess population —4O million people in a country one-third the size of Ethiopia. He must have raw materials — which to date he has been buying from abroad, thereby creating an ever-increasing unfavorable trade balance. He must do something to relieve the unemployment conditions prevailing in Italy. His financial position is weak —he has already made levies on private capital. ana A VICTORY would make him a first-class power. A victory would perpetuate his personal power a little longer. The case against him may be summarized briefly; Ethiopia will take a long time to conquer and to reduce to a state where colonization on any scale large enough to cut down the population at home in Italy is practical. A war will be pitifully expensive and many doubt the ability of Mussolini's finances to withstand any long drain on them. Years must pass before Italians can really accustom themselves to the strength-sapping tropical climate found in many parts of Abyssinia, and what 11 Duce needs is quick relief. Tomorrow Has Mussolini a “deal” with Hitler? (Copyrijht, 1935. br the Telegraph Presa, Harrisburg, Pa.)

Second Section

Entered as Second-Cla Matter at Postoffico Indianapolis. Ind.

The Way 1 See It TA EHOBOTH. Del, Oct. 25.—W’hen John Lewis socked Mr. Hutchinson in the eye at the American Federation of Labor convention, an impression seeped out that Mr. Lewis is a big bully—a moiler and a broiler who thinks nothing of assaulting and battering a mild-mannered little fellow like Mr. Hutchinson as his regular manner of public debate. Asa matter of fact, while John is no fainting flower in any kind of a fight, he is a gentleman. He never uses profanity and is as considerate and kind

as a woman. He would be among the last in any group I know to use the violence of direct assault, and Mr. Hutchinson is no nnldmannered and retiring innocent. “Big Hutch” of the carpenters stands something over six feet two inches, and weighs every ounce of 240. He has a hand like a ham, the voice of a foghorn and his manners have not got the repose that stamps the caste of Veredere De Vere. He would make almost two of John Lewis in a WTestling ring, and his very approach to such ordinary conversational amenities as "Good morning” is a sort of affront. He got into some obscure trouble with the government during the war, and has used his position as a labor leader in a big political

way in the last and many other elections. a a a *When You Call Me That . Smile!’ nnHERE are some who believe that the resistance A to John Lewis’ industrial unionism, by some such craft union leader as Big Hutch, has more to do with | the soft snap jobs of the leaders than with the wel- | fare of the worker. The feeling is very hot and high. Os course, all this does not excuse an assault as an argument, but what Big Hutch called John Lewis the | moment before the blow does excuse it. There are not 10 American males in 100 who would let that word so spoken pass, except, on the rule: "When you call me that, smile!” And of : those 10, five wouldn’t be men, and the other ’five j would be hard of hearing. (Copyright, 1935. bv United Feature Syndicate. Inc.i

Big, Small City BY ERNIE PYLE

Oct. 25.—1 t was in the soft warm spring a dozen years ago that I first saw Washington. My lot was that of cub reporter, and the editor had compassionately invited me to stay at his hotel until I found a place to live. We were walking to work that first morning, walking with the world ahead of me, through McPherson Square, so green and pretty, with people sitting leisurely on the benches even as early' as 7 oclock, and the editor said to me: “You’ll probably like Washington. But let me W'arn you. Don't stay here too long. It's a nice easy-going city, and people get in a rut, and if you stay till you get to liking it too well, you'll never leave. You’ll just settle dowm to a pleasant routine and never amount to anything.” I was too young at the time, of course, to ask why it w-as necessary to amount to something if you could be happy without it. But I didn't think of that, and the editor’s words impressed me very much, so that I have never forgotten them fo~ a minute. So for a dozen years I have been heeding the editor's advice, and getting out of Washington. But somehow or other, I always keep coming back. Maybe it's the city that pulls me back, or maybe it's some stubborn part of me that doesn't want to amount to anything. Anyhow, I'm here again, a a a WASHINGTON today is different from Washington of a dozen years ago. Different in appearance, that is. But the character of the place seems to change hardly at all, and there is still the same easy enchantment in the streets and the trees. Washington, as people so truthfully say, is really a big city which has achieved small townishness in character. It has running water and electric lights without the sewing circle gossip. It has the personal liberty of that most cosmopolitan of all cities, New York, without its cruelty and lonesomeness. I have often wondered how Washington has achieved that ideal—the appearance and the niceties of a small town, while retaining the best features, as the ads say, of the big city. Any one who sends in the correct answer, plus $lO in gold, can have my 1935 season pass to the American League ball games. My owm guess is: Washington, on the edge of the real South, naturally has some of the South's delightful slothfulness; a good big percentage of the population came here from somewhere else, many of them from small towms; physically, Washington is broad and smooth, its parks big and frequent, its streets wide and its buildings low', the result is spaciousness; many of its people live in apartments, hence the city doesn't spread all over the Eastern seaboard; a good part of its population is in comfortable circumstances, so that the pinched look and anxious stare and the goad of hurry, hurry, settles but seldom on Washington citizens. The whole thing, summed up, makes for easy living. The New Deal, true, has brought anew alertness tc Washington, and people with responsibility on tteir faces do rush about, but they seem to rijsh sort of slowly tis you follow me), in tune with the character of the city. And if they stay they’ll slow dcwrn even further, and eventually not amount to anything at all. I think it’s a rather nice prospect.

Times Books

STEPHEN LAWP’ORD was an English public school boy of 17 when the World War started. He had two desires—to serve his country, preferably in some romantic and exciting way, and to go to Oxford—and while he achieved the first until his cup brimmed over, he hasn't got to Oxford yet. He tells his story in “Youth Uncharted,” and makes a high-spirited and interesting book out of it 'Macmillan; $2.50.) Wangling his way into the army in spite of defective sight, he was sent at once to India for a year of garrison duty. Then he found himself transferred to Arabia, where he fought the Turk under storybook conditions and incurred a wound that sent him back home to England as a semi-cripple. He applied for a commission, got it just as the w r ar ended, and found himself broke and jobless in a world that seemed to have no need for ardent young ex-officers. a a a HE got, at length, a job as secretary to an official of the White Russian “government” in southern Russia, and stayed in that area until the Bolshevus* knocked the Whites into the Black Sea. Then, after sundry adventures which included sailing a three-masted schooner to Batum, he became a relief worker for the League of Nations, charged with responsibility for the innumerable refugees who cluttered up the Balkans and the Near East. Eventually he went to South America to investigate refugee colonization schemes, and finally settled into a permanent job with the League staff at Geneva. His book is a record of high adventure; but it i also a sober record of a world in the process of collapse, and it is enlightening as well as entertaining. (By Bruce Catton.)

..****• mUro. Spill

Ger.. Hugh S. Johnson