Indianapolis Times, Volume 47, Number 192, Indianapolis, Marion County, 21 October 1935 — Page 7

OCT. 21.1035

It Seems to Me HEYWOOD BROUN T TA\ ING done quite a number of hate columns recently, I think I might devote one day to listing some of ihe people for whom I have an enthusiasm. Only recently I was challenged with the question, "Isn't there anybody you admire?" There really are quite a few, even if I leave out my personal friends. As far as those six or seven are concerned, I don't necessarily admire them; I just happen to like them. It seems to me that the man who most nearly approaches that much misused

term "100 per cent American” is Roger Baldwin, head of the American Civil Liberties Union. With all the rising tide of enthusiasm for the ideals of Thomas Jefferson it is curious that the general public has failed to realize that Roger Baldw in is in many respects the most perfect Jeffersonian in all the land. More than anybody I can think of Baldwin has carried on the fight for free speech, which was certainly a corner stone in Jefferson's philosophy. And there have been many occasions when he was

Heywood Broun

a very lonely man. He has endured rebuffs from the left and manual fury from the right. And he has continued to stick to the lofty and somewhat impractical dictum of Voltaire. I must confess that in recent years my complete devotion to the theory of free speech, even for your foes, has weakened quite a lit>’ . 1 have found myself in spots where I was saving, "Why, of course, I believe in free speech, but thit doesn't mean that we are going to let, that rases, alk and listen to him. Why, he’s just a liar and faker." a a a lidlrr Man Than I Am f WILL admit that I am somewhat more passionate about protecting the liberty of liberals than of going to the bat in defense of any Nazi propagandist. But Roger Baldwin, like Gunga Din, is a better man than I am, He has defended the rights of those whose opinions he wholly abominated. Os iate I think I see a few' signs of weakening in Mr Baldwin’s complete devotion to a theory. And, even so, it has been a superb try. Os course, Roger Baldwin and the Civil Liberties Union have been attacked chiefly by reactionaries, and the charge has been made that the man and the organization were wholly radical in purpose. In nroof of this, testimony has been presented that most of the cases which the Union has taken up concern the rights of speakers of a left-wing persuasion. The answer is simple enough. After all, vigilantes and American Legion rampagers do not go around breaking up banquets where Herbert Hoover and John W. Davis are doing the speaking. There has always been complete freedom of speech for the ultra-conserva-tive in America. I suppose my list of likes should have some variety, and I will include one soldier, even though he happened to be a general. I read in the newspapers just the other day that Major General William L. Sibert had died. He was the only leader in the A. E. F. who commanded my warm admiration. General Sibert was an engineering officer who was noted for his services in the construction of the Panama Canal. When I met him he was in charge of the First Division. I believe he had small experience in the leadership of troops in the field. a a a Did Xot Last Long TIE did not last long in his post as a divisional -*• commander. It w-as said that he w'as not a strict disciplinarian and that he had no skill in infusing his with the martial spirit. It seemed to me that he w r as a man w'ho dealt w'ith his officers and men in a pleasant, kindly and natural manner. He never put on shows of pomp and circumstance for thp benefit of the newspaper men, as Pershing and others did. And my list might well be extended. My favorite singer, I imagine, is Paul Robeson. I like John L. Lewis il hear he has faults), but in ability he towers above any other labor leader in the A. F. of L. whom I know. Os course, A1 Smith is no longer my idol, or anything approaching it, but I suppose I ought, in all fairness, to mention him as still my favorite organization Democrat. That is not the highest compliment, in the world, but I hope it qualifies as a kindly gesture. Os course, T could list hundreds of newspaper men whom I like. I will hardly be very original in saying that of all the craft the man for w'hom I have the greatest affection is Frank Sullivan. Practically everybody would say that. Johnny Boyle stands at the top of my list among the dancers of America. Hemingway I admire rather than like, but for my taste nobody has yet touched "A Farewell to Arms" as the finest of American novels. And then there is Morris L. Ernst, by 20 lengths my favorite lawyer, and I suppose I ought to add my favorite dramatic actress —Miss Connie Madison. (Copyright, 1935)

Your Health BY l)K. MORRIS FISHBEIN r INHERE is a common impression that woman is a weak vessel, and the Bible gives authority for the impression. Yet scientific records seems to indicate that the contrary is true. Quite recently one of the statisticians in a large clinic studied the sex of approximately 300,000 diseased persons who had been examined. Their disease involved all sections of the body The results were interesting. They showed that serious diseases involving the organs of digestion, like the stomach, the intestines and the liver, affect men much more frequently than they do women. It was also revealed that ulcers and cancers of the lup. the tonsils, the stomach and the intestines, and hardening of the liver affect men more frequently than women. a x a OTRANGELY. however, diseases of the gallbladder, including inflammation of the bladder and gallstones, affect women and girls much more than they do men. No one has determined why this should be so. Some doctors have said that women are fat more often than are men; others seem to think that there is some relationship between the inflammation of the gallbladder and the childbearing function of women, but the figures simply do not work out. Women who have never been overweight or who have never had children also have disturbed or inflamed gallbladders more often than do men. Other conditions which affect men more than women are cancer of the lungs, pneumonia, asthma, and hardening of the arteries. Sudden death from .heart disease is much more frequent in men than in women, and men also have gout and stones in the kidney in numbers beyond those for women.

Today s Science BY DAVID DIETZ

and not birds, held the secret of aviation for mankind in the opinion of Dr. Carl L. Hubbs of .the University of Michigan. Pioneers in aviation lost time by .urning to the buds for information on the art of flying. Attempts to duplicate mechanically the structure and movement of the wings of birds proved futile. When the airplane finally arrived, it followed the example of the flying fish, an example which man had ignored. The essential difference between birds and the flung fishes is that whereas the bird flaps its wing, exi ept v hen gliding, the flying fishes do not, unless they want to make a turn in the air. He calls the fixing fishes the most airplane-like of ail animals. Notions which men had formed from watching birds made it impossible for them to observe accurately the true method of fish flight.

■L (j

Boake Carter

tt a a gENITO MUSSOLINI has discovered that he must have a colonial empire. If he doesn’t, he realizes his own native land will explode, socially and economically. He looks about him and sees 350 Italians to the square mile in Italy. And he looks at Ethiopia and sees 30 people to the square mile. He looks at Italy again and discovers he has little raw material to feed his ever-hungry machines. He looks at Ethiopia and he sees great natural resources. Its elevation on the plateau makes the cultivation of cotton and tobacco possible—much the same kind of crops that grow in South America will grow there—which, in time, will mean another competitor for South America, one more step in the restricting bands throttling the life out of the white man’s civilization, one more step demanding tariffs, barriers and the strangling of trade. There are silver, gold and copper deposits to be mined in Abyssinia. Standard Oil has already had geologists

testing the ground for oil, and they have found the strong likelihood of subterranean pools of the black golconda, waiting only for civilized man to come along wuth his bits and drills to pierce their remoteness and flood the w'orld with fresh supplies—creating more competition. Mussollnia has looked about him and seen all this. He has noted that he can not go elsewhere, because "elsewhere” is already parceled out among those who got there before Italy. Africa remains his only outlet. Abyssinia is the only independent state left. All the rest of Africa belongs to England, France, Belgium, Germany, Spain and Holland. And it must be. now or never for the building of an Italian empire. an a THE Roman dictator has declared that this is only a colonial problem and has demanded to know why England or some other nation should butt into something w'hich is purely a local affair between Ethiopia and Italy. He has cited the tactics of the British in carving for their exclusive use an eighth of the world's surface, and then has denounced the British for denouncing him for doing the same thing. Technically, yes, Mussolini is repeating colonial history. But he fails to explain that time makes the difference in actuality. The British, the Germans and the French carved out their colonial empires long, long ago—when civilization of the white man was not so intense. Then there w'ere pieces of land to take without upsetting the economic applecart. There w'as no fear of treading on friendly or enemy toes. And through the years the slow but systematic development of their colonial empires by these great powers gradually quickened the intensity of the white man’s effort to live. Their development sharpened the economic difficulties. The more they were exploited, the more they w'ere colonized, faster and faster grew' the race of trade and commerce, the interchange of goods and services, by which the white civilization lives. tt a tt IT has grown so intense that now' the slightest little upset will cause reverberations round the world. And so the man w'ho sets out to carve himself a brand new colonial empire today, appears in the role of a newcomer—a latecomer to a party, let us say, when the bowl is empty and the punch nearly gone. And being driven by thirst which he can not control, he snatches at a cup, standing by itself, on the table. But before he can gulp down its contents, his hand is seized. "Excuse me,” says a voice, "that is mine, I believe.” The thirst-maddened one

fcNSINfcS Oh DfcATN Weapons of the World War and Weapons of the Next War Pictured in Contrast

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An unwieldly, Ineffectual weapon was this World War tank.

BY STANLEY A. TULLSEN * NEA Service Staff Writer OUTSTANDING in the amazing advance achieved in the technique of warfare since the guns were stilled on Armistice Day, 1918, is the improvement in tanks. At the left is shown a German tank used in the last year of the conflict, a square-ended, clumsy monster of Tittle speed, which, like the most of the kaiser's tanks, was an ineffective weapon. At the right is shown a modern

BLACK SHIRT BLACK SKIN + /Jy boake carter*

Benito Mussolini's invasion of the last independent kingdom of Africa, Ethiopia, makes this gripping story of that old nation of vital interest to every American. The Times today presents the tenth installment of Boake Carter's rich and enthralling book, "Black Shirt, Black Skin."

struggles —and the butler and the flunkeys either throw him out, or if he be strong enough, he smacks dowm his opponent and drinks from the disputed cup. The punch bowl of land on the world's surface is about empty. Just a drop remains in the bottom—a drop in the northeast corner of Africa. A latecomer among empire builders, and thirsting as well, Mussolini stretched out his hand to drain the bowl—but other hands were laid upon him and words of warning sounded in his ear. a it tt A LL was ready. The pow'der had been laid—the fuse had been extended. All that was needed is a match. There was a roar of indignation in Rome. Ethiopia did virtually everything it could to make amends. Selassie did far more to atone to Mussolini than almost any other national leader w'ould have done. Blit II Duce flicked him aside with hardly a glance. The incident was at hand. It gave him the opportunity. It was now or never for an Italian colonial empire. When he declares that there is no really responsible government in Abyssinia—one which can control all tribes and can prevent border raids, cattle stealing, slave running—he is technically right. Selassie has been on the throne only little more than 10 years and, enlightened and modern ruler thought he be, still one can not change in a decade the habits of 5000 years! The Ethiopian tribesmen have made hundreds of raids across the frontiers into neighboring territory. Particularly have they swarmed into British territory in the Sudan and Kenya. But it is equally true that the British have not suddenly sent 250.000 troops to the border of Uganda and said to Selassie: “We are going to destroy you and yours.” a tt a DANAKIL tribesmen raced down from their desert remoteness and crossed into French Somaliland this year. They burned and pillaged and murdered. In their mad course, they came upon a French colonial blockhouse. Inside were less than 20 French soldiers, under a young French lieutenant. The tribesmen charged to the assault. Rifle fire mowed them down. Again and again they returned to the attack and again and again they were repulsed. Eventually, the Frenchmen’s ammunition was exhausted. The Danakil tribesmen swarmed over the gallant little band of soldiers and killed every one. There was a shout of rage in Paris. The incident was equally as serious as the Ual-Ual incident with Italian soldiers. The French protested to Selassie. The emperor sent out his own army. It recaptured the machine guns taken from the French, returned with two old chiefs, who

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

The Story Behind the Ethiopian War

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Roads and water play vital roles in success or failjre of Italy’s attempt to conquer Ethiopia. Italian engineers are cutting highways through the difficult te-ritory which has fallen into the invaders hands, proceeding at the rate of 12 to 15 miles a day. Beginning of anew road is shown at the left marked by a triumphal arch bearing the legend. “This is the Imperial Way.” At the right an Italian trooper is drawing a supply of water from a tank behind the lines. The precious fluid is carried in large tanks with the armies and is carefully rationed out each day. Soldiers are not allowed to drink at water holes along the line of march, for fear of poisoning.

confessed their guilt and paid the penalty by being hanged. No French mobilization was ordered to go to war with Ethiopia to bring it "civilization.” a a a HPF.US England and France -I- suffered from uncontrolled Ethiopian tribesmen, as did the Italians. But -there are not now three armies encamped at the Ethiopian doors. Only one. The reason is that Great Britain and France do not want any more territory. Italy does. Eritrea is a rich possession—at least that part of it which is on the high tableland which extends southward through the heart of Ethiopia, and at the other end of which stands Addis Ababa. Asmara is the capital of Eritrea. Yet there are few Italain colonists in Asmara, and there are few native farmers on the rich tableland surrounding the city. They have been wiped away, bit by bit, by the successive wars fought in the region. So II Duce declares to the world that he must protect this region from marauding bands of tribesmen and make it safe for Italian colonies. But he will protect them only by pushing the Italian frontier to the edges of British Uganda, Kenya and tne Egyptian Sudan, and linking Etritrea and Somaliland. a a a HOW is it that England, the greatest of all colonizers in Africa, did not take Ethiopia long ago? Why was England content to stretch the line of crimson on the map of Africa from Sairo to Cape Town, merely through Uganda and Kenya? If this was and is such a fertile spot—as Ethiopia really is on its great plateau—how could the English pass it up when they were carving up Africa for themselves? For answer one must go back to the principles upon which the imperial powers based their empire building. The honest reason, of course, was simply possession. But the outward reason, the explanation given to the world, was the spread of Christianity. Here were all these parts of the world peopled by pagan tribes who worshiped wooden or golden images, who practiced witchcraft, sorcery and all the rest of the rigamarole which went with a savage life. But when it came to Abyssinia, it was embarrassing. Nobody could say he was bent on bringing Christianity to Ethiopia, because the Abyssinians had been Christians long before these conquering nations were born. tt a a ABYSSINIA actually was England’s for the taking, upon one occasion. To the youth of to-

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fleet speeding over a Russian highway, part of the powerful tank arm of the Soviet military establishment. Speed of tanks has been increased more than tenfold in the last 17 years, from four to six miles an hour to 50 and 60. The most advanced tanks in the United States Army have attained this speed on their own track. The huge, unwieldy apparitions of 1918 have been abandoned, medium and baby tanks that can operate over the most

. —Photo from NEA; copyright, 1935: Pathe Newsreel Despite tanks, airplanes and poison gas. war fundamentals haven’t changed much since Napoleon's sage observation that an army marches on its stomach. Shouldering quarters of beef, these Italian soldiers march kitchenward to prepare food for the contingent advancing on Aduwa.

day, this war is the Forgotten War of Africa. There is a British peerage which still holds its title commemorative of this exploit—the present Baron Napier of Magdala. His father was Gen. Sir Robert Napier, who defeated Emperor Theodore in 1868. Magdala was the emperor's stronghold. The unanswered letter from Theodore to Queen Victoria caused him to fling the British Consul and his suite into jail. The British, after having been turned down cold many times in their requests that the emperor release the consul, reluctantly sent the expedition to punish Theodore. Sir Robert Napier headed 30,000 British and colonial troops. Magdala was half way between the old capital Gondar and the present capital, Addis Ababa. It was a natural stronghold—a great plateau, three-quarters of a mile long, and rising a thousand feet above the surrounding country. There being no roads, the British were faced with colossal transportation problems, the same kind of thing the Italians now face. So the British used elephants, camels, horses, mules and asses, nan AT times this huge force of men had to move in single file, winding in and out like a liv-

The tank of today is a marvel of speed and efficiency.

j difficult terrain taking their place, and the value of the lighter types has been strikingly demonstrated in the Italian advance into Ethiopia, in the fleets of all the major powers are many one and and two-man machines, while others carry crews of four to six within their steel , walls. Next—Modern infantry deals death in an appalling j variety of ways.

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ing serpent, through the mountains. At any place, a mere handful of natives could have thrown the advancing army into confusion—but, strangely enough, the British met no opposition. But the British, always immensely cunning and clever at making friends, presented tokens and spoke kind words to all the local chiefs as they passed through their bailiwicks. The chiefs were flattered, and if they had ever had any disposition to take Theodore's part, it was quickly dissipated by the British generocity and whispered words of friendship. The troops of the emperor didn't wait for the British to storm the sides of the plateau. They streamed down the hillsides, screaming war cries, brandishing spears. Their artillery fired aimlessly into the air. The British waited and then coolly opened fire with rocket guns and soon the plain was strewn with dead and dying blacks. The rest broke and fled. Theodore asked an armistice. The British dictated the terms. The emperor turned them down and the British stormed the plateau. Tomorrow How England Looked at It. (Copyright, 1935. by The Telegraph Press. Harrisburg, Pa.i

Fair Enough WESIM PEOlffi "VIEW YORK. Oct. 21.—Your correspondent is sailinn for Europe today and very’ glad indeed to escape the Roosevelt dictatorship, which will not let a man raise as many potatoes as he wants to. Your correspondent does not want to raise any potatoes, but the right to raise them without limit is part of the sacred heritage of Valley Forge: so it is a great relief to be going away. The principle of freedom is what counts. Possibly your correspondent will decide never to come back, but to take citizenship in some free country on the other side—ltaly, for example, or Ger- • Is many, or Russia. g Jjßj There have been many letters I W j in the mail from time to time advertising the joys and privileges If *| of citizenship in the free coun- ■toC' tries. Fascist friends have in- •*" sisted that Italy under Mussolini 9k J§ is a fairer land than the U. S. A under Rooseveh. and the prospect JW i seems worth investigating But first your correspondent intends to make sure whether the Westbrook free countries permit certain lib- Pe-Mer erties which still remain to the people at home even under Roosevelt. For one thing it will be necessary to know whether Mussolini or Hitler or Stalin would do anything to a foreigner, tourist or immigrant who attempted to establish a daily newspaper or weekly magazine published in a foreign language, to advocate the overthrow of the government and a change in its form. This is one of the minor liberties still existing in the stiangling democracy under the potato tyrant of Hyde Park and Harvard. aan “Heil Roosevelt" in Berlin MANY of our friends from the free countries who find so much to object to here do. after all. enjoy the right to print their principles and exhort their fellowmen in languages which are foreign to America. It is hardly comparable to the loss of the right to raise potatoes, but it is still a shred of the old liberty. Another thing to be determined is whether a group of Americans in any of the free countries would be permitted to form Roosevelt clubs and hold drills of a semi-military character and indulge in rifle practice in the suburbs of Berlin. Our Nazi friends in the region of New' York have been able to do these things under the tyrant Roosevelt even though the United States marshals sat waiting in the guard room ready to dash out and snatch them up as enemies of the state if they should be caught planting more than their quota of spuds. This also is a minor privilege, but for purposes of comparison your correspondent would want to be sure. In all probability it would be quite all right for a band of Americans in Berlin to gather in a leafy park to cry ‘Heil Roosevelt!” and w'hile away the Sunday afternoons shooting at targets with rifles, suitable for hunting or fighting, just for sport. Possibly the police w'ould turn out to protect them from molestation in the enjoyment of their liberty. a a a All to Escape Frank the Tyrant A ND then there w'ould be the matter of public TA. relief for jobless foreigners. There are said to be three million aliens ; n the United States on an illegal footing, and about half that number of aliens are said to be drawing relief under the dictatorship. Do you suppose there would be some way of learning how many Americans have entered the free countries illegally in order to escape the potato dictator and how many destitute Americans are drawing money from the native taxpayers? Or w'ould the figures be too small to bother about? In fact, the Russians, the freest of all free peoples, seem least likely to be putting up any rubles for the support of American potato fugitives, because they require a deposit of sls a day, cash in advance, at the fugitive’s point of departure, to cover the cost of his stay. When his money runs out, so does the fugitive. Well, there are still these few little doubts to be cleared up, but it is a relief to be getting away, anyw'av. Your correspondent’s first act on the soil of France will be to buy a spade and plant some potatoes as a gesture of defiance to the dictator in Washington, D. C. (Copyright, 1935, by United Feature Syndicate. Inc.)

Times Books

THE private diaries of Mark Twain have been literary legend for years. They were supposed to be so vitriolic and bitter and outspoken that neither he nor his literary executors ever dared publish them, and critics who considered Mark Twain a thwarted genius believed that a perusal of his diaries would prove their theory right up to the hilt. In this centennial year of Mark Twain's birth, his diaries are at last published. The result is a bulky book entitled “Mark Twain's Notebook,” edited by Albert Bigelow Paine (Harper’s; s4)—and those who are looking for something sensational will be disappointed, for the odor of brimstone just isn't there. There is little in this book that could not perfectly well have been published during the author's lifetime. nan ONCE in a great while you find a touch of that disillusioned bitterness that infused “The Mysterious Stranger”; even less often, a touch of the Rabelaisian merriment of “1601.” For the most part" though, there is little that the Victorians could have objected to. But if the book gives little support to the thwarted-gemus school, ordinary readers will find it highly interesting. I t has the Mark Twain flavor throughout, and it is full of little anecdotes, plans for stories, and so on. In one place, for instance, Mark Twain projects a story of Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer in their old age; in another, he starts a tale about a man who n pitched out of a trans-oceanic balloon onto the Illinois prairie; another entry records the incident from which grew “The Jumping Frog.” It's a book no lover of Mark Twain will want to miss, ißy Bruce Catton.)

Literary Notes

A LICE DUER MILLER, well-known writer, will -TV make her debut as an actress in ‘ Soak the Rich,” the new Ben Hecht and Charles MacArthur picture. Boake Carter, whose Black Shirt Black Skin,” Is runing in The Times, has signed an exclusive book cor tract with the Dodge Publishing Cos. He has a new book coming out in January. Richard Sherman, the young man w’hose stories have been appearing in Cosmopolitan. Harper's Bazaar, Vanity Fair and other magazines, has left on the Queen of Bermuda for a two weeks’ vacation. John Steinbeck, author of “Tortilla Flat,” has left his home in Pacific Grove, Cal., and settled in a small village in the interior of Mexico, where he will gather material for a novel about rural Mexico. Col. Philip s. Van Cise, former Denver district attorney, Republican Party leader and one-time reporter for the Rocky Mountain News, has completed t his book ‘ Fighting the Underworld.” It will be published soon after the first of the year by Houghton Mifflin. Faith Baldwin has acquired a houseboat called “The Dog House.” Martin Mooney, the reporter whose book "Crime, Incorporated” will be published Nov. 8, is leaving soon for Hollywood. Esther Morgan McCullough, author of “ And Forever.” soon lo be published by Gotham House, was seriously injured in a motor accident last week in New York.

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