Indianapolis Times, Volume 47, Number 27, Indianapolis, Marion County, 11 April 1935 — Page 17

/ CmrtheiUrrld WMHUIfp SIMMS WASHINGTON. Aprh 11.—Steps were discussed at a White House conference late yesterday between the President and Secretary Cordell Hull of utmost importance to the peace of Europe. At the fateful parley beginning today at Stresa. the principal burden of European security may be thrown back on the League of Nations, of whose covenant Articles 10 and IS are the teeth. Article 10 pledges all members to “respect and preserve as against external aggression the terri-

torial integrity and existing political independence of all members.” Article 16 makes an act of war against one, in disregard of the co\enant, an act of war against all. Whereupon they “undertake immediately to subject (the aggressor) to the severance of all trade or financial relations, the prohibition of all intercourse between their nationals and the nationals of the covenant-breaking state, and the prevention of all financial, commercial or persona] intercourse between the nationals of the cove-nant-breaking state and the nationals of any other state whether member of the League or not.”

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W m. Philip Simms

Up to now. these two articles have remained dead letters. If enforced, it is estimated. Europe would need little, if any, further guaranty of the status quo. nun Neutrality in Wexl Mar’ C~' REAT BRITAIN has been the principal obJ stacle holdout in enforcing these drastic articles. She contends that as hers is the only big navy in Europe, upon her would fall the chief burden. Enforcement might very well mean war with the United States. It almost certainly would if the United States used its own great navy to uphold the American conception of freedom of the seas. The White House conference was to discuss this doctrine, or American neutrality in "the next war.” The State Department is working on a draft under which the United States would forgo, or sweepingly curtail, existing claims to freedom of the seas in war time, and several measures to the same end have been framed on Capitol Hill. Such a law’, if enacted, would have far-reaching effect on the present drift toward war in Europe. m m a A Free. Hand for firitain BROADLY is is proposed that the United States would neither lend money, sell goods nor send its merchant ships to belligerents. It would play no favorites. Automatically, upon the outbreak of hostilities, it would largely withdraw within its shell. That would tend to remove danger of a clash between the British and American fleets. Britain could then assume full responsibility under Articles 10 and 16 of the League covenant with advance knowledge that she would have an entirely free hand, so far as this country is concerned, to enforce it. Great Britain is the chief key to the peace of Europe. With her as an avowed guarantor, no nation on the continent would dare begin an aggressive war. aware as it would be beforehand that the might of Britain would be thrown immediately on the side of the victim.

Today's Science BY DAVID DIETZ

INDUSTRIAL employes in the United States lose the huge total of 250.000.000 days annually as a result of disabling sickness, statistics gathered by the American College of Surgeons show. Calculating the value of these days at $4 each. Dr. Malcolm T. MacEachern. associate director of the college, calculates that sickness costs the nation's industrial workers $1,000,000,000 a year. School children afe absent from school a total of 170.000.000 days a year because of illness, the statistics show. Last year, heart disease Caused 286,356 deaths, cancer caused 128,475, nephritis claimed 107,776, cerebral hemorrhage 94,572, pneumonia 86,946, and tuberculosis 74.836. “Seven thousand persons are sick with tuberculosis at any one time, most of which is preventable.” Dr. MacEachern says. “We still have 30.000 to 100.000 cases of smallpox each year in spite of the work of Jenner. • We have 26.000 cases of typhoid fever, another preventable disease. “Rest and good, nourishing food are two of the principal means of building up resistance against tuberculosis: a simple vaccination prevents smallpox. inoculation treatments prevent typhoid, as the World War proved; yet. thousands of persons each year apparently do not think it good economy to make these expenditures and as a result fall ill or die of these diseases.'* a a a of children die each year because A of failure of parents to give them the benefit of toxin and anti-toxin as a prevention against diphtheria. Dr. MacEachern says. Another disease which causes great inroads because of lack of attention is cancer. “Let us say that a person has a sore on his lip. Dr. MacEachern continues. “He tries a little doctoring himself, with home remedies, but with no improvement. Still he does not go to see his phjsician but imagines that the sore will disappear of Itself. Before he is aware, the spot has increased in size and by the time he goes to the doctor, he has a well-developed cancer that will be difficult to cure. Those weeks in which he delayed medical care have probably cost him his health.” Dr. MacEachern also points out that two-thirds of the maternal mortality in the United States might be saved by more medical care for mothers. “It is a significant fact at the Maternity Center Association of New York City, where poor mothers are given good prenatal and postnatal care, the maternal mortality jate is only 2.4 per 1000 live births, while the maternal mortality for the entire country Is 6.3 per 1000 live births.'* a a a DR MACEACHERN also calls attention to some of the savings which have been made when real effort has been put forward to prevent disease. The outstanding example, he says, is the marvelous decline in mortalities from tuberculosis. “Figures based on millions of our population.” he continues, “show that the death rate from tuberculosis has declined from close to 200 per 100.000 to 59.5 per 100.000. “Moreover the greatest improvement In tuberculosis mortality has been among the wage-earners where the burden once was heaviest. In 1911, the highest tuberculosis mortality was experienced at the age of 39. It is now close to the age of 55. This means that within 25 years the heaviest tuberculosis burden has been shifted to a period well along in middle life and to a time when the children of the wage earner are generally capable of supporting themselves.” Questions and Answers Q —Do United States stamps ever bear the portraits of living persons? A—No. Q-Give the weights of Max Baer and Primo Carnera at the time of their fight on June 14. 1934. A—Camera, 263 1 i pounds; Baer, 210 pounds. Q —Did the motion picture “Cimarron” cost more to produce than “Ben Hur?” A—"Cimarron' is reported to have cost $1,250 000 “Ben Hur” cost $3,500,000 and is said to be the most expensive picture ever produced. Q—-How many ships has the Mexican navy? A—lt is little more than a police force, and consists of the coast defense vessel "El Anahuac,” 3162 tons, purchased from Brazil in 1924; the gunboats “Bravo” and and “Agua Prieta,” the armed transport “Progreso,” and some smaller vessels. Five gunboats and 10 patrol vessels are under construction in Spain.

Full Legged Wire Service of the United Pwss Association

THE ‘MIRACLE’ IN ENGINEERING

Picture a Freight Train 1065 Miles Long! Then You Have It!

Material* by the thousand* of rarloadi were required to complete the engineering marvel of alt time, Boulder Dam, and this atory, fourth of the seriea of six, tells of this phase of the mammoth project. BY OREN ARNOLD SEA Service Special Correspondent gOULDER CITY, Nev„ April 11.—Imagine one continuous freight train with its engine in St. Louis and its caboose in New York City—a distance of 1065 miles. That will give you an approximate picture of the number of carloads of materials necessary to complete P.oulder Dam. If the United States Bureau of Reclamation had deliberately searched for a more inaccessible spot to build the world’s biggest dam, it couldn't have done much better than to select Black Canyon, on the Colorado River, It chose this spot, of course, through geographic expediency, but it became bide-and-seek for the material men and the transportation committees. Nobody had thought to build a city near the site of Boulder Dam. Nearby was a little Indian village, but most of the white inhabitants of the region lived in communities not dozens, but hundreds, of miles away. The first thing necessary, therefore, was to build some railroads and then beget a town. This w’as done in miracle fashion. a a a BOULDER CITY, where all the workmen and their families live, where the offices and all general working headquarters are housed, is now the third largest city in Nevada, W’here only a barren plain was. five years ago. Then the builders w r ere ready to take out and take in materials. They took out 9.000.000 tons of rock, first. Few minds can envision that. But you could build a masonry fence 2500 miles long with it. Then they dug more than a million cubic yards of dirt from the river bed. That's equal to a ditch 100 feet wide, 60 feet deep, and a mile long. Pretty soon the workmen were filling up the hole they had made (they dug the dirt out, of course, to get to bedrock and have a firm foundation for the dam), and were doing it with concrete. They w’ill have used 4.000,000 cubic yards of it when the work is finished. 000 WITH the concrete used in Boulder Dam. you could build a 20-foot paved highway all the way from Florida to California. Os course this had to be reinforced, but a mere 35,000 tons of steel was necessary. Cement, however, creates great quantities of heat as it hardens, so the builders had to devise a huge refrigeration system, with pipes running back and forth all through the dam. (If this weren't done, the great mass would take more than 100 years to cool, and set up dangerous stresses while about it!) These pipes, and others used, totaled thousands of miles. Steel pipe alone was more than 1000 miles. More than 165,000 carloads of sand, cobbles and gravel had to be hauled in to be mixed with the 5,000,000 barrels of cemert used. n tt a THIS couldn’t be mixed by hand, nor could many of the other big-scale operations there be done by hand; therefore, great quantities of special machinery

-The DAILY WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND By Drew Pearson and Robert S. Allen —

WASHINGTON. April 11.—Big Jim Farley seems bent on bringing Congressional ire on his shiny bald dome. Members of both chambers are talking belligerently of demanding legislation compelling Jim to abandon a postal business-promoting practice which is raising a storm of protest from local business men all over the country. Cause of the uproar is Jim's action in allowing business firms to circularize communities without addressing each piece of mail.

Circularize - - All a company has to do is designate its advertisements for specified mail routes and the carriers stuff them in .the postal boxes. The National Council of Business Mail Users—whi-h is defending Jim in the controversy—contends that the service gives mail order houses no undue advantage, since it is available to local firms. But the latter, now deluging their Congressmen with irate complaints, assert that this -surface equality” affords them no protection from “outside competitors.’ They argue that it is' not the province of the postal service to act as nation-wide “handbill distributor.” a a a CONGRESS is a variegated assortment in more ways than one. It contains: A Black, a WTiite, a a Gray and a Green, a Church, a Parson, a Pope, a King and a Lord. Also, there is a Pish, a Byrd, a Buck, a Martin, a Dear, an Eagle and a Maverick. To say nothing of a Bacon, a Bone, a Coffee, a Bloom, a Reed, two Cannons and two Fords, a Wood. Parks, Brooks, a North and a South and a Long and a Short. And finally there are, a Cellar, a Carpenter, a Mason, a Barbour and three Taylors,

The Indianapolis Times

i mm m 4 f innfllllllWll^^^^ft'?' —Phot, by Margaret Bourhe-Whl te. Copyright. 1935. NEA Service. Inch Vastness of the Boulder Dam project and immensity of the heights at which its thousands of workers toil are vividly illustrated in this remarkable Margaret Bourke-White photograph, with one of the great intake towers shown at left.

were used. So far, about 900 cars of hydraulic machinery alone have been brought in. Fifty-two miles of standard gauge railroad track weaves in and around, up and down, at Boulder Dam.

About 300 carloads of materials

npHOMAS JEFFERSON COOLIDGE, Boston blue-blood undersecretary of the Treasury, was a little stumped the other day when a group of 20 Princeton undergraduates walked into his press conference. The students were members of a “study group’’ making a tour of government depart ments. “This is a bit awkward,” Coolidge whispered to Herbert Gaston. Treasury press chief. “How am I go % to distinguish between the correspondents and the students?” “Oh. that’s easy,” grinned Gaston, a former ace newsman. “You can tell by the nature of the questions asked. The students will know a lot more than the reporters.” a a a GEN. HUGH JOHNSON was offered $75,000 by the Redbook Magazine for pre-publica-tion serial rights of the first half of his best-selling autobiography, “The Blue Eagle, From Egg to Earth.” This portion of the book deals chiefly with his army career and contains racy stories of military life. Johnson, reluctantly, had to turn down the tempting offer because the publishing date had been fixed for the book and there was not sufflci ;nt time left for the magazine to print the desired chapters, (Copyright, 1935. by United Feature Syndicate. laoa

INDIANAPOLIS, THURSDAY, APRIL 11, 1935

were arriving each day at the dam when work was at its peak. Every minute, night and day, even now, locomotives are shunting cars around and hooks on cables are picking up cars as if they were toys, moving them up or down. 000 TTIHEN work was moving fast- * est, the contractors had gasoline bills of nearly $50,000 a month, and tire bills of $16,000. If you need a thumb tack for your work at Boulder Dam, you can get it from the supply house

SIDE GLANCES

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44 1 kept refusing him dates, just to make him ; think I was popular, so-he. quit calling up.*

instantly. Or if you need a 20ton truck or even a whole freight train you can get that, too. But there is no waste, no disorder, no confusion. It has taken as much American genius to estimate, purchase and bring in the materials for Boulder Dam as it has actually to build the great structure. Next—The men who made the dam. The fun they had. The lives that were lost. The big boss. Drama, adventure, thrills and folklore.

By George Clark

7500 LEARN TRADES UNDER INDIANA RELIEF Wood-Working and Shoe Repairing Taught Transients. More than 7500 homeless men and boys in Indiana are being trained in various trades by the Governor’s Unemployment Relief Commission transient bureau. Instruction in wood-working and shoe repairing is being given in Indianapolis. Old shoes sent in from relief agencies are repaired and reconditioned here and then sent out to relief clients. Furniture and toys are made at the wood-working shop. Metal working, printing and broom making are among the trades taught at other schools in Hammond, Evansville, Bedford, Muncie, Ft. Wayne, Gary and the Kankakee forest preserve near Knox.

$53,371 DUE COUNTY ON INTANGIBLES TAX $40,028 to Be Allocated to Schools Under Law. Marion County will receive $53 371.61 next week as its share of $306,744 in intangibles taxes being distributed by the state, it was announced yesterday by Philip Zoercher, state tax board chairman. Os this amount, three-fourths or $40,028.71 will be allocated to schools by the Marion County auditor a: provided by law. The remainder will be available for the county general fund. Distribution of the intangibles taxes will bring up to $205,071.88 the amount the county has received from the state during the present school year from the gross income, liquor and intangibles taxes. CITY MAN IS HONORED Joseph Gardner Named to Two Posts by Sheet Metal Makers. Joseph C. Gardner, 615 N. Dela-ware-st, president of the Joseph C. Gardner Cos., manufacturers of sheet metal at 147 Kentucky-av, was elected treasurer of the National Sheet Metal Contractors’ Association at the national convention in Cincinnati. He also has been named representative of the eighth zone of the industry’s national code authority, representing five states.

Second Section

Entered a* Matter at Postoffice. Indianapolis, fnd.

Fair Enough HIM Milt NEW YORK. April 11.—He was boss all right, as any one who was really curious could find out. but in several years around the office of the New York Times. Ii ever heard of any one's having raised the question On the contrary, the Times people seemed glad that he was their boss and to regard him as the agent of a just and generous God in his little precinct of the world. There was a feeling that in the improbable event of a man's receiving a dirty deal through the malice of some

little boss or a turn of office politics the wrong would be scrupulously adjusted on an appeal to Adolph Ochs. For this very reason it was seldom necessary to take such an appeal. The character of the old man or the old gentleman, as they preferred to call him, permeated the shop and a man had a serene feeling that his job was safe unless he got on a story, fell down on too many assignments, faked or threw a pig at the night city editor. There was an historic scandal in the Times office quite a fe v years ago. A reporter got mad at the

night city editor and. snatching up a pig of lead which was holding down a batch of copy, threw a duster dead at him. The night city editor contracted his neck into his collar in the nick of time and the pig took a gouge of plaster out of the wall. The reporter was fired abruptly and the principle was firmly established that anv one throwing any pig or pigs at the night city editor would be subject to Instant dismissal. It never happened again. But, in the Times office they never went in for overloading and consequently escaped those periodic massacres which are the constant terror of so many other shops. Neither did they ever call in the professional ax-man who hires out as executioner to other kind-hearted publishers round the country who are too merciful to fire old hands themselves. 00a Employes Enjoy Security A T the Times office the staff was kept in wise -CX. balance year after year with a more or less constant turnover. A Woollcott.an Elmer Davis or an A1 Johnson would resign to become a literary figure, a Dick Oulahan would die after long and distinguished service: a few would begin to burn out and retire on pensions and a few would be fired for cause. Moreover, a man who made the grade on the Times could hang up his hat and sit down to a typewriter in any newspaper shop in the country. When they covered a story on the Times they spraddled all over it. They never sent a reporter out to watch a man dig a hole but that he got two leg-men to help him, and a fire in a trash can called for a battalion of Times reporters in their field kit of spats and sticks and with their gloves turned down at the cuffs. In the Times office there was an air which was somewhat stuffy to a man of the rough-and-tumble school. They did have an office cat but they didn’t throw papers on the floor or howl “80-o-oy!" or kick over the furniture when a flash came in. And. as startling as the silence of the office, was the enormous size of the staff. The place looked like the business office of Sears-Roebuck. The telegraph desk alone employed as many men as you might find in a whole newspaper shop in many a major league city. Undoubtedly, when the pinch came, Mr. Ochs could have saved himself considerable money by lopping off the Johnny-come-latelies, but if he had done that he wouldn’t have been the Adolph Ochs of whom I write. Instead, he stood off the pressure himself for a period of some years and, so far as I know, made only one cut in wages on the editorial side. 000 His Presence Always Felt HE didn't meddle, but there was a secure feeling that he was there. Personally, he seemed to like printers more than any other craft in the shop and during his last years he would sometimes come into the office after the theater, climb the iron stairs and lean over the tables in his white vest to discuss things with some of his old hands from Chattanooga. Then he would go away with ink or grease all over his vest. He didn’t like to see men with their feet on the desks in the editorial room, but he wasn't bossy about it. He once asked a reporter if he would mind not to put his feet up because, he said, it didn't look nice. Mr. Ochs didn’t mind card games in the shop, either, although once they had to reduce the limit from a dollar, stud, to a quarter, because one man lost a week’s salary and his wife went down and complained. The city editor rather favored a mild game, however, because it tended to keep a lot of good men around after hours. In Frank Munsey’s shop a man could be fired for smoking. I first saw Mr. Ochs in Mr. Ed Bradley’s gambling house in Palm Beach one night during the goofy era of prosperity. He was just looking around and had paused to take a short, awe-struck peek at another editor, who was playing chemin de fer. This other editor had recently retired from journalism owing to the fact that under his direction his paper had folded up, throwing many 30-year men out of work without pensions. His hands were shaking and sweat stood on his face. Mr. Ochs looked on for a few minutes as thousands of dollars changed hands. ‘ It makes me feel like a poor man and a failure,” he said. (Copyright. 1935. by Onlt ed Feature Syndicate Xne.)

Your Health

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN DOCTORS recognize that heredity may have something to do with development of nervous breakdowns. In some families, members incline to breax down rather early in life. Whether this has to do with some internal weakness of the physical structure, or whether it represents an intensified reaction of one or more members, of the family on the others, is a matter for investigation in each instance. It is known that certain forms of mental disease associated with a change in structure of the nervous system are passed on through families. Thus there may be a tendency to mental defect and also to that form of insanity called dementia praecox or schizophrenic insanity. a a a CHIEF causes of nervous breakdowns are to be sought in the environments of the person concerned. Sometimes the influences primarily involved have been operative during the childhood of the person concerned, and there are some who insist that they may date back even to prenatal life. A record of an exceedingly difficult childhood or of severe malnutrition in tne expectant mother may eventually show itself in nervous breakdown of the child. a a a DURING childhood and early life, improper feeding and malnutrition may so injure the body structure as to reveal itself in serious disturbances later. Infectious disease sometimes cause permanent damage to tissues. Chronic poisonings from various industrial poisons, alcohol, or narcotics yield cases of mental breakdown. Finally, there are the stresses and strains of a life in this time of extraordinary speed, and the psychic and social causes associated with living conditions at home and environment at work. These psychic and social causes concern such questions as unsuitable education, both in home and in school, emotional upheavals brought about by domestic incompatibility, or oppression at work, and also the serious strains associated with sudden loss of money or position, deaths of those who are loved, and any other condition bringing about anxiety, discontent and dissatisfaction.

Westbrook Ppgler