Indianapolis Times, Volume 47, Number 16, Indianapolis, Marion County, 29 March 1935 — Page 25

It Seems to Me HEYWOOD BROUN AS one who heard only the final half of the Strachey-Martin debate It would be unfair for flit* unbiased commentator to bring in a decision. All this neutral nobody cares to report is that Everett Dean Martin must ha'.e been a whirlwind in the early rounds if he ever, came close to earning for himself a bad draw. From the southwest comer where I sat, it was Evelyn John Strachey without a break. The young Englishman had a jab. a left one of course, which he k r pt forever in his opponent s face

and Dean Martin couldn't seem to get set. He let some haymakers fly up from the fioor but each time the opening was so wide that Strachey scored twire or thrice and danced away in time to avoid damMr. Martin, the Cooper Union ve'eran, has had far more experience m public speaking than his adversary, but it has been of a sort not altogether useful. Everett Dean Martin has been a local champion for such a long time that he takes too much as a matter of course. In seeking a pugilistic analogy

(lev wood Broun

mv mind reverts to Frank Moran. In his declining da-, when he had practically nothing left, Frank manag'd to coast through several fights by the simple process of w aving his right hand and daring tne adversary to torn' 1 in and mix with him. Once there wa- dvnamite in that glove and it was known to sporting writer as Mary Ann. Moran's glare and the repu .ition of his right made the timid keep their ritstanee. Once I watched him take the first six rounds b Martin by this simple process of intimidation Quite bv accident the younger heavyweight slipped within range and found that the old fieldpiece had become an air rifle. After that he needed to do no more than measure Moran, plod in and make his kill. m m m Wide Often for Han ter SUCH was the fate of Everett. He frowned at Strachey in a way which would have sent cold shivers up and down the spin# of any foe in Cooper Union. Then he would reach for a book with the air of one who says, "Here comes an annihilating quotation." And that would be precisely the point at which Long John would reach across the platform and cuff him right on the end of the nose. I mean verbally, of course. Some who have argued tepidly against the deportation of the English writer have based their case -imply upon the assertion that his radicalism is wholly intellectual and academic and that he isn't dime rous. But I am one who believes fervently that he should not be deported and also thinks that as far as the established order goes. Evelyn John Srarhev is one of the most dangerous spraicers who has ever come to America. He has the gift of sneaking up on an audience. In the first place, his sense of humor is keen. That was one of the woeful weaknesses of Everett Dean Martin. He constantly left himself wide open to banter. I do not mean to suggest that Strachey wa.-ted nr.ch time on wisecracks for their own sake. He was serious enough in his intent but the humorous line is frequently the shortest distance between two points. And when this route seemed indicated, Strachey did not avoid it. m m m Avoids Radical Routine \YKAR or so ago when I first met the young radical it seemed to me that he had a quality of preciousness which was most annoying. In the 1; t 12 months he's changed. Or maybe I have. His method was direct and simple. There was no flaunting of scholarship and erudition. But the mere matter of wit sets him apart from p r nrticnUv all the revolutionary orators in America. Such Communist leaders ns I have met in casual contact are by no means dour once the demonstration in the hall or square has ended. But there is distinctly a platform manner running through most their utterances. Just as there is a party line in economic beliefs so there seems to be a routine for orators. One almost gets the feeling that somewhere in the headquarters there must be a little red book which advises, "at this point, good Marxism demands that the right fist shall be pounded vigorously against the table.” I am ready to admit that in a misfit world there Is ample material for even liberals and mild radicals to become enraged at but only a few of the world’s great fanatics have had the gift of remaining 100 per cent mad at everything all through an address of one hour. Some of the Communists seem to be a little afraid of even the suggestion of the lighter touch for fear that the audience may doubt their utter sincerity. That is why Strachey in his contrasting style is so exceedingly effective. He isn’t always swinging from the hip because he can do so much with a turn of the wrist. RCoprrlrht. 19351

Today s Science BY DAVID DIETZ

OUT of the west blow the dust storms, darkening ■ the sky and reddening the sunsets. When the sun goes down, a sullen *rd ball in a darkened sky, is it predirting the twilight of mankind? There are some scientists who think so. The dust storms arise from man's destmction of forests and his methods of farming. They arc the resuit of the erosion for which he has paved the way. They are just one way in which some scientists think man is preparing his own exit from the planet earth. Geology tells the story of an ever-changing earth. The and : >'se and declined. Chancing conditions ushered them out and made wav for the mammals. Finally man rose to supremacy. The changes noted by geologists took hundreds of thousands of years, even millions. But man. the scientists point out. works much faster than nature. He changes the face of nature so fast that he may accelerate the nex. change in world dominance accordingly. The great medrler. Dr. Harley J. Van Cleave, professor of zo:tog> at the University of Illinois, calls him. Wr-.ng in The Scientific Monthly. Dr. Van Cleave mts: • Without qualification, civilized man is the most destructive influence that has ever been introduced to upset .he del: of reaction and interaction between organisms and their environment.” m m m BEFORE civilized man came on to the scene, all r. tun- hung in a delicate state of equilibrium. Dr Var. Cleave reminds us. Thus condition has been caUed by biologists “the balance of nature " Man immediately began to destroy it. Take, for example, his conquest of the American continent. He B the forests, turned fields into farms, exterminated the buffalo and the passenger pigeon, and otherwise changed the face of nature to suit himself. More recently, he has been killing off the fish by using streams for industrial sewers. m m m TODAY, man is paying for the conquest of nature in a number of ways. One is tjie appalling rapidity with which erosion Is increasing. The other Is the terrific and rapid spread of insect pests. Man's activities killed off such forms of life as the buffalo and the passenger pigeon. But they favor the insect pests When he plants a farm, he concentrates food for them as well as himself. Thus the growth of insect pests and such other pests as mice is the direct result of njan s own activities. Dr. Van Cleave calls for a wise and well-planned svstem of conservation based upon what biologists know about the balance of nature. He thinks that too much of the conservation program of the past has been the result of sentiment or political activity. For example, he points out that dumping fish n a polluted stream is a rather meaningless gesture. Idling, even that growing out of the best of Intentions, must be replaced by intelligent understanding and actions before conservation may become a reality," he say*. v . I

Foil 3V|re Service of the United Press Association

DUST STORMS-CAUSE AND EFFECT

Squandering of Fertility Transforms Plains Into Near-Desert

fly SEA flrrrtr* KANSAS CITY, March 29.—'The pity of it. as you look over the wind-stripped miles of bare prairie to the westward, is this: Man did these things to himself. Enough is definitely known of the menace of dust storms that the scientists can say almost with certainty that if foresight had been used in developing the plains region, this would not have happened. Here is the storv of a vast fertile region turned from grassy plain to "breadbasket of the U. S." and then to near-desert, as worked out by government scientists and other close students of the region: In the days when covered wagons lumbered westward into the prairie region, travelers were amazed at the lush growth of grass that rippled across the plains, tossing in the wind like the waves of an inland sea. It rose, in places, to the horses’ shoulders. nun "IJ'VEN then, in places where the I Cj ground had been tramped bare around water-holes and on the edges of stream-cuts, miniature dust storms were occasionally reported. For strong winds swept across the endless level stretches then as they do today. The cattleman follow’d the hunter and the immigrant, but years of grazing did little damage except in certain localities where grazing was too intensive, and the grass was pulled out by the roots and given no chance to reproduce itself. m mm It was not until this century that the fertile prairie grasslands began to be turned under with the plow. Gradually the farmer followed the stockman into these plains areas, and patch by patch, farm by farm, the native grass roots were turned under for the specialized raising of wheat. In 1909. Congress passed anew homestead act which Is blamed for much of the present troubles. This act provided that homesteaders could be given 320 acres of land instead of the usual 160acre "quarter-section.” The purpose was to enable the farmers to produce as much wheat as formerly. but still keep only half their land in cultivation each year.

—The.

DAILY WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND —By Drew Pearson and Robert S. Allen —

PITTSBURGH March 29.—Wherever you go in this, the industrial heart of the ration, you will find universal agreement that business is better. People knock on wood mentally when they say it, as if they were afraid the big bad wolf of the depression would pop out from around the corner the very next instant. But they do admit it. Wherever you go. also, you will find universal agreement on another important point—that President Roosevelt is slipping. And with

him has slipped also the enthusiasms which once were pinned on the New Deal. It is not merely a political catastrophe. It is a human tragedy. For the new light of hope which the President's name kindled in people's eyes one short year ago. was a hope born not of faith in party labels, but in Mr. Roosevelt's promise of a genuine new deal. That light no longer kindles. Its disappearance is due chiefly to two factors: 1. The party label has been uppermost. Joe Guffey, Democratic Senator and spoilsman of Pennsylvania, has brushed away all illusions on that point. His motto has been that of Jim Farley: “A job for every Democrat and a Democrat for every job.” Merit, ability, serviee have mattered nothing to Joe. 2. The New Deal has turned out to be the Old Deal, dusted off and refurbished with a few new alphabetieal agencies. This, undoubtedly, is the opinion of the majority in the area around Pittsburgh and extends into western New York in Buffalo and Rochester. What they see is a growing cleavage, an increasing gap between two classes. a a a ON one hand is the fact that one-fourth of the population of Allegheny County—the city of Pittsburgh and its suburbs —is on relief. Every day a total of $65,000 is spent for feeding them. On the other hand stand the balance sheets of the big Pittsburgh companies: and more striking still are the figures of the Mellon fortune. These have been droned out day by day in the dull voice of H. M. Johnson. Mr. Mellon's confidential secretary, and not one of them has been missed by Mr. Mellon's townsmen. On Dec 31. 1931—in the middle of the depression—their No. 1 citizen set his personal wealth at $97 803.005. This did not include *6B 000 000 in Coalesced. Cos, the organization which the government claims Mr. M°llon set up in order to reduce his income tax. The profits from this company were paid to him. This dd not include also the art collection, valued at $19,000,000. which was given to the Capital only a day or two before the income tax case opened. Also it did not include the $14.000.000 given to his children. Paul and Ailsa. in 1927. in order to see what they could do with money. Again, when he was appointed Ambassador to London. Mr. Mellon gave his two children $8 000,000. Next, just on the eve of sailing. he gave them another $5.300 000. Then from Loudon he cabled them 200.000 shares of Gulf Oil stock tworth $6,000.0001 plus 45.000 shares of Standard Car. Again he telephoned from London and ordered $1,250,000 to be given to them. 'J

The Indianapolis Times

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The tragedy of wind erosion at the source of dust storms. . . . This bleak scene in the Texas Panhandle shows how the wind has carried away every grain of topsoil in the foreground, plainly exposing the criss -cross marks of the plow point on the ‘ hard-pan subsoil. This remarkable Department of Agriculture photo also shows how the roots o f sagebrush in the left background have tended to anchor the soil. H. Finnell, regional director of the Soil Erosion Service, is shown surveying the wind’s devastation.

THE other half was to stand each alternate year under a “dust mulch” which would keep soil moisture from evaporating. This was known as "dry farming.” It was practiced for years in western Kansas, eastern Colorado, Wyoming, eastern Montana, western Nebraska and the Dakotas. It meant the turning under of millions more acres. The World War finished the job. When Europe sprang to arms, the plow stood idle in the wheatfields. The price of wheat shot up, up. up. It reached $3 a bushel at one time. Every acre that could be put to the plow lost its

MR. MELLON, of course, had nothing to do with the New Deal. But Pittsburghers see no great political difference, except for party label, between him and the effulgent Joe Guffey. For years Joe has played the Mellon game and voted the Democratic ticket. Today he has not changed. He campaigned for Mr. Roosevelt and the New Deal, simultaneously being credited with thwarting New Deal policy by preventing a labor election in the famous Weirtcn Steel Mills case. In return for this, Joe got a healthy campaign contribution from the Weirton owners. However, George Earle, Pennsylvania’s first Democratic Governor in years, has turned out tc be the real asset to the Roosevelt Administration. After a campaign in which he touched a high watermark for intellectual lethargy, Gov. Earle pulled himself together and is winning a reputation for dynamic honesty and ability. He captured many Pittsburgh hearts when he withheld a sl,200.000 state grant from the University of Pittsburgh untfl he could investigate Chancellor Bowman's suppression of free speech. It will take many more like Gov. Earle if the New’ Deal is to repeat its record of 1934 and again capture this rock-ribbed home of Republicanism for the Democratic party. (Copyright. 1935. bv United Feature Syndicate. Inc.)

BOBBY, 3, GETS FREE CYCLE TRIP: OFFICER IS -TAKEN FOR RIDE'

By l nitrd Prrsg EVANSTON, 111., March 29 Motorcycle Patrolman Robert Borland found Bobby Walshaw, 3, ambling precariously down the middle of a street. He offered to take Bobby home. Bobby said he didn't know where home was. Officer Borland put Bobby on his handlebrrs. They put-putted and chug-chugged and down the neighborhood for an hour. Bobby said he was certain home was “far cff.” Chivalrv died when Officer Borland derecced*Bobby waving supercilious at a blond damsel of 5 or so. Under pressure Bobby admitted the lady was his sister and the house before which she stood, and which Officer Borland had passed three times previously, and within 50 feet of which Bobby was found ‘•lost." was home. "And don't ask me.” warned Officer Borland, "who took whom for a ride.” Missionary Income Increases Income of the United Christian Missionary Society for the eight months of the present fiscal year, ending Feb. 28. it was reported today, shows a 6 per cent increase over receipts for the same period a year ago.

INDIANAPOLIS, FRIDAY, .MARCH 29, 1935

protecting mat of stubble or grass roots. America fed the world, but at terrible cost. The war over, the damage was not immediately clear. Rainfall was adequate for many years. The stripping away of root cover, the custom of burning stubble to make plowing easier, as well as the increasing acreage that had been too closely grazed, did not reveal their menace. a a a BUT three years ago the dry cycle began. Millions of dusty acres were unprotected when the spring winds swept over them. Last spring there were bad dust

CITY WOMAN WRITES CHILDREN’S MYSTERY Short Story by Mrs. Jeanette Nolan Published by Magazine. Included in the April issue of “Child Life” is a mystery short story for children, “The Black Cat Case,” written by Mrs. Jeanette Covert Nolan, 4341 Central-av, well known authoress and the wife of Val Nolan, United States District Attorney. Mrs. Nolan’s most recent novel is “The Young Douglas,” a story of Mary, Queen of Scots, and her escape from Lochleven, the island fortress of the Douglas clan.

HAUPTMANN’S APPEAL IS SET FOR JUNE 20 Defense Plea for Delay Until October Denied by Court. By United Press TRENTON. N. J„ March 29. Bruno Richard Hauptmann's appeal from his death sentence for the murder of Charles A. Lindbergh Jr. will be heard by the Court of Errors and Appeal on June 20. The court of nine jurists and five lay members set the date after defense counsel had pleaded for a delay until October in order to perfect their appeal and have ‘‘time to read the 11.800 pages of testimony tc.Ken in this important case.’’ Mill Closes: 850 Lose Jobs By United Press NEW BEDFORD, Mass., March 29. —Japanese competition was blamed today for the decision to close the Butler Mills, employing 850 operatives.

SIDE GLANCES

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“I just got, a swell idea for another ‘you’ve-left-me-all-v alone*, song.”

storms. The continued drought throughout last summer caused every western farmer to graze and cut off every blade of forage and grass and even stubble that he could find, to keep alive his tortured cattle. Last winter again proved dry, and spring rains came late or not at all. There vas nothing to anchor the pulverized, dusty fields. The dust storms began, they still rage, and they will probably continue until widespread and heavy rains come. Land that has been in cultivation only 15 or 20 years is already seriously damaged or made permanent desert.

DR.BENSON TO LEAD W. G. T. 0. DEBATE American Home to Be Topic at Round Table. A court of inquiry on the American home, led by Dr. J. G. Benson, Methodist Hospital superintendent, wall feature the morning session of th e Marion , County Women’s Christian Temperance Union institute Monday at the Third Christian Church. L. E. York, Indiana Anti-Saloon League leader; the Rev. C. A. McPheeters, North Methodist Episcopal Church pastor, and Charles M. Wilson, American Legion assistant American director, will speak during the round table. Mrs. Ida B. Wise Smith. W. C. T. U. national president, will speak in the afternoon. Her speech will be preceded by an address written by Rep. Louis Ludlow (D., Ind.),and read by Fred Hoke, former state National Emergency Council director. Woodmen to Hold Party The Modern Woodmen of America will hold a card party at 8:15 tonight at 1025 Prospect-st. Those in charge of arrangements are Henry Sauter, Fred Bly and Harry Schurman. School to Give Skating Party Warren Central High School will sponsor a skating party at the Riverside Rink Monday night, April 8.

By George Clark

Thus by ambition and energy America developed within this century one of the great granaries of the world, and through lack of foresight she may lose it in less than 50 years after it was opened. America gave her western wheatlands a short haircut in the early years of the century. Now they are having a close shave. The situation is grave, but not hopeless, if sweeping and intelligent steps are taken to remedy it. •'Next: What can be done about it? What merit is there in the forest belt, and in other proposed plans? What’s being done today?

UNION VETERANS’ SONS TO HONOR COMMANDER State Members of Organization to Hear National Chief. Members of the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War and its auxiliary from camps throughout the state will gather here at 512 N. Illinois-st at 8 tomorrow night for a reception in honor of Frank L. Kirchgassner, Jamaica Plains, Mass., commander-in-chief of the order, and Mrs. Gertrude M. Sautter, Wilkinsburg, Pa., national leader of the auxiliary. The program has been arranged by Benjamin Harrison Camp, No. 356, and its auxiliary. A. W. Demree and Mrs. Maud Moore are in charge of arrangements. Visitors are expected here from Martinsville, Bloomington, Terre Haute, Richmond, Muncie, Anderson, Lafayette and Frankfort. 13 BAND MEMBERS AT SHORTRIDGE HONORED Block Letters Awarded to 3-Year Musicians at School. Robert Shultz, director of Shortridge High School band, announced today that 19 boys will be rewarded for three years’ service in the band by a block “S” cut by a line representing a baton. The S is the usual school letter and the baton represents leadership. The boys rewarded are Herbert Arnold, James Bowling, Harold Flieg, Rolland Fraser, Earle Galyean. Arthur Henschen, Alexander Kahn, Edward Lilijeblad, Julius Maurer, Edward New, Forrest Pauli, Richard Robbins, Jay Schilling, Hugh Smeltzer. Chapin Smith, Maurice Taylor, William Troyer, Robert Virden and James Zink. RHOADARMER ELECTED BY RAINBOW DIVISION Marion County Chapter Names New Officers at Meeting. Paul F. Rhoadarmer was elected president of the Marion County Chapter. Rainbow Division Veterans Association, at a meeting in the Hotel Washington last night He succeeds Audley W. Dunham. Other officers are R. E. Cornelius, vice president, and Harmon W. Young, secretary and treasurer.

PROMOTION URGED FOR STATE GUARD OFFICERS Majors Straub and Spencer May Become Lieutenant Colonels. Two National Guard officers, Maj. Elmer F. Straub, who also is state adjutant general, and Maj. Forest H. Spencer, have been recommended for promotion to the rank of lieutenant colonel. Maj. Straub is on the staff of the 38th Division in charge of personnel and Maj. Spencer is division quartermaster. Both officers would retain their present posts. EVANGELIST TO SPEAK The Rev. Charles A. Shreve to Preach at Gospel Tabernacle. The Rev. Charles A. Shreve will be the guest speaker at the Indian- i apolis Gospel Tabernacle, 610 N. Alabama-st, beginning tonight. He will speak tonight on "A - /oung Girl's Choice and What Came of It”; Saturday night, “When Jesus Comes to Earth Again—What Will Be the Program and Who Will Take Part?"; Sunday morning, “How to Find Your Place at Such a Tme as This." and Sunday night, “Traffic Rules on Glory Boulevard."

Second Section

Entered ss Second-Class Matter nt I’estoffiee, Indianapolis. Ind

/ Cover tkeWorld WM PHIUP SIMMS WASHINGTON. March 29—Only a second Versailles. anew European accord reached with Germany sitting in as an absolute equal with the other powers, can save the world from toppling over the crumbling precipice. This information from high sources has reached Washington. It was tne same information, imparted to King George and the British cabinet upon Sir John Simon's return from Berlin, which caused gloom to settle over London like a pea-soup fog.

Confronted with this ultimatum from Chancellor Hitler—and ultimatum is not considered too strong a term—the British government is understood to be considering whether to ask the former allies, either at or before the coming conference at Stresa, to postpone the scheduled meeting of the League council at Geneva and invite Germany to a general European parley instead. The only question now is whether it is not too late for such a conference to do more than put its official o. k so Germany's fait accompli. On the other hand, not to do so, and to permit Germany to go ahead rearming without let or hindrance, spells certain disaste r to Europe in

the not distant future. Capt. Anthony Eden, youthful British lord privy seal, is now r conferring in Moscow, and next week will proceed to Warsaw' and Prague to continue his sounding-out process in those capitals. What he finds out there is expected largely to determine Britain's immediate course. nan Fat May He in the Fire THE League council has been summoned to meet on April 15. This is just four days after Foreign Secretary Simon. Premier Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval are due to meet in the Italian city of Stresa. The purpose of the council meeting is to pass judgment on Germany's rearming in open defiance of the Treaty of Versailles. If it condemns the Reich—as it can ha) dly fail to do under the covenant, inasmuch as the German action became a matter of official record w'hen Hitler decreed rearmament on March 16—the fat might be in the fire. At least so the British argue. Britain, France, Italy and the other major powers have urged Germany to return to the League of Nations and take her place at the disarmament table. Then, all together, the whole problem of arms limitation and Germany’s other claims for revision of the Versailles Treaty could be thrashed out to the general satisfaction. If Germany is condemned by the League, it is almost certain that she will wash her hands of the League lor good and all. From her point of view, to go back to Geneva would be to stand trial for her sins. n n u Future Depends on Answer SHE will return to Geneva only when the crucial first three points of the Hitlerian program are re-cognized. These are: 1. The right of union of all Germans, by selfdetermination, in one great Germany. 2. Equality of Germany with all nations tin armaments and otherwise) and the abrogation of the Treaties of Versailles and St. Germain. 3. Land and territory (colonies) sufficient for the feeding of the German people and for settlement of Germany’s surplus population. On these points, the writer understands, Germany purposes to stand or fall, sink or swim. And Herr Hitler is said to have told Sir John that it is up to Britain. France. Russia and the rest to find a way to swallow this large and bitter pill. The immediate future of Europe—and eventually of peace or war—depends largely upon the answer which, in all likelihood, will be provided at Stresa.

Your Health BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN

THE dust storms that have swept across the country from drought-stricken farms in west and middle-west have had more effect, than merely reducing vast fields to aridity, and causing housewives to shut off their homes frantically from the grime. Interest in these storms has also arisen from a health standpoint, since some deaths have been reported as a result of them. Your body has the ability to cope satisfactorily with small amounts of most poisons or foreign substances. It is in a sense a self-regulating mechanism. Membranes lining nose and lungs have the power of eliminating from the body small amounts of extraneous materials that may get into them. Thus a small amount of dust in the atmosphere for a short period of time does not constitute an exceedingly serious hazard. a a a IN fact, dust is a normal constituent of the air and may serve some purposes as a focus for precipiration of water vapor. It also disperses the sun's rays. For this reason, the rays of the sun do not penetrate in many of our large cities in sufficient amount to be useful in prevention of rickets. What we call dust in the air is usually a mixture of particles from the earth, the carbon from smoke, mineral materials, and also such living material as portions of the skin, seeds, bacteria, the pollens of plants, parts of the wings and legs of dead bodies of insects, starch, fragments of hair and pieces of material such as cotton and silk. a a a MUCH of this exposure is not very serious for the average human being. There are, of course, some persons who are especially sensitive to dusts containing large amounts of pollens. For example, in August they may have extraordinarily severe attacks of hay fever or asthma, depending on the manner in which they respond to the exposure. The germs in the air ordinarily are not harmful, because they are not the type of germs that kill quickly. Furthermore, exposure of the ordinary germ to sunlight and air. and particularly to drying, is sufficient to kill it. The germs that are dangerous are those which pass directly from one person to another, with coughing or sneezing, particularly when persons are crowded together.

Questions and Answers

q —What was the selling price of wheat per bushel 50 to 55 years ago in the states of New York and Pennsylvania? A—Ninety-two cents. Q—Give the name for a nine-sided polygon. A —Nonagon. Q_What is the name of the furniture factory in New York in which Mrs. Roosevelt is interested? A—The Val-Kill Furniture Cos., with offices at 331 Madison-av, New York City. Q —How many Negroes are in the United States? A—The 1930 census enumerated 11,891,143. Q—How is the smoke made that is discharged by airplanes in “skywriting"? A—lt comes from a cylinder attached to the side of the plane, consisting of a smoke pot containing tar. a certain amount of rosin and solidified alcohol. Someplanes use ordinary lamp black or other mixti^yes.

Wm. Philip Simms