Indianapolis Times, Volume 47, Number 16, Indianapolis, Marion County, 29 March 1935 — Page 17

MARCH 29, 1935

EXPERT MAPS WAYS TO HALT DUST STORMS Urges Protecting Mantle of Vegetation for Denuded Acres. H H H#nn.tt. OlrwtM of tlte Fodorol Soil trn.ion n for Iml.d frit, . practical *oloiti>>tt to the 4at tacn problem that Ihrfattai to ■toko horrm a lati portion of midwestern farmln* atatc>. BV H li- BENNETT Director. Federal Soli Eroaton Oottlc# ■ CocrtiSt.'. ;*J*. *> Cnurd Pr*ai WASHINGTON. March 29 —Prevention of the spectacular and dejtpictiT# dust storms now causing tremendous damage in the great, plains is both possible and practical. Careful measures of lard use tr i>t be substituted for haphazard firming practices in the affected region. On thousands of acres, now lying denuded of vegetation, a protecting mantle of vegetation adequate to anchor the soil against the prairie winds must be restored. The complete solution of the problem would be to return the high plains region generally to the native buffalo grass which protected it for centuries before the land was firs* put under the plow. about the turn of the century, hat this obviously Is impracticable with thousands of acres under intensive tilllage. much of it highly productive soil under proper management. Crop Residues Are Aid Imperative now, is the widespread adoption of carefully planned land use methods which will maintain the best possible ground cover and at the same time permit cultivation. A complete program of suck methods Is being demonstrated to farmers of the high plains on three wsnd-ero ion control projects operated by the soil erosion service In the Texas panhandle, eastern Colorado and central South Dakota. This program involves the use of Crop-residues—stubble left in the field after wheet and sorghum have been cut —to anchor the soil. One of the most injurious farm practices In the past has been that of burning off or grazing down these crop stubbies Left standing, they protect the fields from blowing between crop season when the soil otherwise would be exposed to the wind. Also included in the land use program of the service is the planting of emergency cover crops on fields denuded by crop failures. Several types of soil-binding grass, such as ciwarf sorghum, will grow with very httle moisture and are therefore adaptable to drought conditions. 6ueh a crop should be put in as soon as it becomes apparent that lailure of wheat or other crops will leave the land without protection. Probably the most effective measure in the present emergency is the planting of strips of sorghum or other soil-holding crops in every third or fourth row across the field. Indications are that there is suffi nt residual moisture in the ground to germinate such strip crop* I dlage Operations Helpful Cer: in tillage operations are also proving helpful in holding soil losses to a minimum. These include listing. or the turning of deep furrow.- at right angles to the prevailing wind direction, and the use of heavy plows to clod the surface of the field with heavy subsoil material. Wind erosion is most damaging on smooth surfaces. Fields roughened by tillage are considerably less susceptible to blowing regardless of the fact that such treatment loosens the soil. Likewise Important in the program of wind erosion control is the conservation of all available moisture to promote th growth of vegetation. The depletion of subsoil tnoi ’ ure supply during the vears of drought is one of the principal < • of the present critical situation. Continued cultivation and oxidation have removed the soilbir.dmg humus content and reduced the soil to a fluffy powder. Proper measures of moisture conservation would have prevented this to a Large extent had they been employed on a large scale by farmers of the area. Dry land terraces, properly constructed, and contour tillage are effective in preventing rapid runoff of rainwater and holding rainfall on the land. Finally, the planting of trees and shrubs wherever moisture and soil conditions will insure their growth, will form wind-breaks for many fields. This is recommended especially along roads where there is consul-ruble moisture conservation in the roadside ditches.

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THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

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