Indianapolis Times, Volume 47, Number 6, Indianapolis, Marion County, 18 March 1935 — Page 9
MARCH 18, 1935
It Seems to Me HEWOOD BROUN WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST whfn questioned the other day as to hi* Presidential preferences in 1936 indicated that he had an open mmd and that his support might be extended to anv one of several candidates. But for a number of dav* recently his editorial pages have been adorned with nuggets from ••Calvin Coolidge, prosperity President, great American.** Os course you never can tell what Mr. Hearst Is going to do. I wouldn't put it past him. but if he
comes cut for Mr. Coolidge in 1936 I think we will have a right to feel that it is Just a little morbid. As one who has been engaged in controversies before I've had, my share of punitive letters, but I think no columnist can possibly know what it means to be bawled out until he has said something derogatory about Father Coughlin. My confrere, Gen. Johnson, has announced that almost all the replies to his garland of criticisms have been favorable. I have beryi less fortunate. I said far less and got rapped a great deal harder. Indeed if these are straws with
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Hej wood Broun
which to test the wind Father Coughlin is sitting pretty at the moment and riding the cyclone. Still, since I possess no cellar. I can but stand my ground and assert once more that the movement which he leads is distinctly Fascist in its tendency and that I like neither his delivery nor his ideas. Lay on. Mac Duff and also Murphy and John Jones. May I show samples: "Dear Brouninsky: How could one of your tribe possibly appreciate sound American ideas. Os course, Father Coughlin is tiresome to you. You would have said the same things about Lincoln. Go back where you came from.—A. J. G.” mm* Could Sot Find Definition "xx rELL, Hevwood. after consulting a dictionary W and asking a few people the meaning of the name padre and the word phobias, I could not get a definition of either one. I am about to think you have a vocabulary of your own. “Now, Heywood. as of your remark of the three debaters, you accused Father Coughlin of playing the lowest. Well, Heywood. Father Coughlin does not care to sling mud of the Johnson type. And as for the charm escaping you. Heywood. anything Is liable to escape you and your kind. Now as for the muddy voice and saying muddy things. I have never heard your voice but as for your column, you must go in mud up to your hips—R. J. B "Every Protestant and Jew interviewed were loud in their praise about Father Coughlin's masterful answer to Gen. Johnson. The World Telegram should give a lemon to ail those who read your Junk of symptoms, whims and phobia. A lost reader.” “Dear Mr. Broun: In attempting to analyze your motive for writing your column of today I came to the following conclusion. “Broun was slipping, the counterfeit friend of labor and the downtrodden could no longer command a decent following. His stuff was getting so bad that his editor shifted his column from the front page of the second section to a more inconspicuous place. • m * Column Was Dig Success BROUN was desperate, enviously eyeing the publicity which Father Coughlin, Gen. Johroon and Huev Long were receiving he decided to do something to rehabilitate himself. He decided to start panning one of these popular figures. He had already panned Huey Long mildly, but that didn't create any rumpus. Well, who did he like the least? "Coughlin—yes. He had little use for Catholics and particulariy clergymen. Weren't they against practically everything he advocated? Birth control, divorce and the Child Labor Amendment. Goodcrack down on Coughlin, that would bring in the letters. If that was your motive, Mr. Broun, your column was a big success. But from the standpoint of truthfulness it was a failure. •Father Coughlin 'terribly tiresome?’ Words escape me. Imagine Broun saying eny one was tiresome on the radio. He is the personification of a boring radio speaker. You are. to put it mildly, a skunk, while your column was, to put it in a mediocre manner, lousy.” Most of the communications came on postcards and were much briefer. The most concise ran simply: “Dear sir: You smell on rye bread —A. J. L.” iCoprrieht. 19351
Your Health -BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN—-
THIS mechanical age has had it* peculiar effect on the food we eat. For now that there is less physical effort because of the developments of mechanical and electrical energy, there has been a reduction in the demand for foods that provide calories, or the elements that enable a person to work. Besides, there is an increasing realization among workers who used to overeat, of the health hazards associated with overweight after middle age. And then there is the fashion among women, which incline* to consider the slender form the more beauUfuL . .. .. The lessened demand for calorie* has shown itself particularly in the decreasing use of wheat, flour and sugar. However, fats and oils have increased in consumption and. this is believed to be the result of the increasing use of vegetable oils and the growing popularity of salads in the American dietary. • a * ■gT is well recognised that hard, physical work de--1 mands a greater consumption a* carbohydrate foods than does less physical work. The sedentary worker needs fewer calories. To ob>ain the amount of protein required for his body growth and repair, he needs more meat. __ Recent studies show that lack of miners s In the modern diet is one of the most serious deficiencies. Calcium and phosphorous particularly are required for development of sound bones and teet.i. Comparison has been made of the common foods taken by workers in Germany, the United States, and Holland. The average German workrr eats about 126 grams <or about one-quarter pound* of meat a dav in contrast to 144 grams taken by the American worker and 67 grams taken by the worker in Holland. The American takes 750 grams of milk in contrast to 655 taken by the Dutch worker and 500 by the German worker. On the other hand, the German and Dutch workers eat more bread and more potatoes by far than are taken by American workers, who again have the advantage in relat.onship to the eonsumptnn of butter and eggs. a a a THUS Americans show the greatest consumption of foods taken from animal sources. In Czechoslovakia. the consumption of vegetables is more than In either Germany, the United States, or Holland. Another study has been made of the average intake of food by healthy men in Belgium. The Belgian investigator is convinced that the effect of alcohol in producing overweight is not due to the extra calories that it supplies, but because it upsets the digestive functions. He also believes that most persons eat too much, and that if we take a well-balanced diet with fewer calories, we are likely to be more healthful and. in fact, to gain more weight than if we eat too much. Questions and Answers Q —ls the World Court the same as the Hague Tribunal? A—No. The World Court is an international court accessory to the League of Nations, established in accordance with Article 14 of the Covenant of the League. The Hague Tribunal is a permanent international arbitration established m 1899 by the Hague conference. , Q—What does pumpernickel mean? A—lt is a German word which originally meant "dolt" or blockhead.” and is now the came of a bread mad a from coarse, unbolted rya. * 1
The LOVE LETTERS of NAPOLEON to MARIE LOUISE
CHAPTER TWENTY-NINE
“Death Will Not Have Me” TN Napoleon’s palace at Fontainebleau the evening of April 12 came to an end amid the most frightful dejection. When about to sign his final downfall, the Emperor fell into so deep a meditation that, his eyes staring, he already seemed to be in another world. When he emerged from it, he calmly discussed the cases of suicide that marked the end of other great men, his compeers, and to define their reasons, according to the diversity of ages and beliefs. His attendants became more and more anxious. At 11 at night, the silence in the palace was suddenly broken by people coming and going. The valet Hubert, who slept in a closet adjoining his master's bedroom. heard Napoleon pour some drops into a glass of water and gulp it down in all haste. He listened in anguish. Silence, at first, presently followed by groans. The Emperor had attempted to poison himself with a powder he had been keeping in his dressingcase ever since the retreat from Russia. The Due de Vicence. the Due de Bassane, Caulaincourt, and Maret hastened to the spot, followed by the physician Yvan. “Death will not have me,” declared the sufferer to the physician; “you know what I have taken.” “It is contrary to the will of God,” the Emperor at last declared. And he signed his abdication. Os this tragic scene nothing transpires, save a deep disgust with mankind, in the letter written the night after. Ma bonne Louise, I am sending you General Flaaut (Flahaut), who will give you news of me and bring hark news of you. I know your health is not good and I fear traveling at night must have fatigued you. I myself am well and longing for the time to come when we can set out. They tell me the climate is very nice in the Island of Elba. I am so disgusted with men that I am determined no longer to have my happiness depend upon them. You alone can iff**' iu Adieu, mon amie, a kiss tc .e little King, kind regards to .or father; ask him to be good to iu Tout a toi. Nap. FontaineLleu, the 14th, 1 a. m. (April. IS 14> “Kind regards to your father; beg him to be good to us!” Now the day before, from Troyes, the Emperor of Austria wrote to Metternich: “What is mast important is to send the Emperor away from France, and God grant he may be sent very far!” m m m HOW tragic, therefore, must have b*en the interview between the EmDeror Francis and Mane Louise, the pleading of the wife in favor of her husband, the result of which Napoleon awaited anxiously to hear “Via bonne Louise, you must have met your father by this time. They say you are going to Trianon for the purpose. I wish you to come to Fontainehleu, so that we may set out together for that land of sanctuary and rest, where
DAILY WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND By Drew Pearson and Robert S. Allen —
WASHINGTON, March 18.—Skittish Wall Streeter, fearful of the future of the New Deal, are reported to be rending their funds abroad in increasing amounts. Records of the Securities Exchange Commission show that J. P. Morgan & Cos. has just transferred large blocks of stock from Kennecott Copper to General Electric. Unofficial explanation given by SEC experts is that the latter -company has tremendous holdings abroad. It owns some of the important electric companies in Europe.
Favorite places for American investors are England. Canada, Switzerland, and to some extent Shanghai. Due to the international of Shanghai its foreign police protection and the tremendous wealth of its port, it Is considered an investment haven. a a m HUEY LONG has become one of the Capital's most soughtafter dinner guests. Hostesses vie with one another to persuade him to accept their invitations. His presence at a party assures its success. At a recent dinner he was seated next to a widely-travelled woman. “Senator.” she inquired, -what Js your foreign policy?” “I have never been abroad..” Huey replied. Then, turning to his questioner, he asked, “’.lav* you?” “Oh. yes. I have just returned from a visit to Germany.” “You have. Well, how are things in Vienna?” m m m BEFORE the session convened the President was warned that the chief obstacle his legislative program would have to overcome would be the secret hostility and covert undermining of old guard Democratic leaders. The soundness of this counsel is graphically illustrated by two be-hind-the-scenes incidents that occurred during the Senate battle over the work-relief bill. When the measure was returned from the Appropriations Committee for the second time, liberal Democrats discovered changes in the language which aroused their suspicions. Senator Costigan immediately sought out Senator Jimmy Byrnes, one of the managers of the measure, and bluntly asked if it was not true that under the secretlyrevised wording certain types of public works would be banned. Whereupon Mr. Byrnes revealed that an informal opinion had been obtained from the office of the Comptroller General which cast serious doubt on the use of monrv under the wording of the bill for
* * -Hi fflr llFfeafc.Jf Ik s& * '■W* a.^ "AJy ii ,>
Under the watchful eyes of Russian, English, Austrian and Prussian commissaries, Napoleon rode from Paris toward the south and the exile awaiting him on the Island of Elba. With him, too, went an escort of 25 troopers. These were not detailed in his honor, but for his protection. For all along the route, the populace sought to attack the man who only a few days before had been their emperor. The illustration above depicts a representative episode. Napoleon’s coach was stoned, he was greeted at every town with savage cries and threats, and constantly in danger of violence. The hostility depressed him. Yet his spirits rose soon again; and it seemed more than coincidence that the ship awaiting him was named “Undaunted.”
I shall be happy, provided you can make up your mind to be so and to forget worldly greatness. Give a kiss to my son and believe in your Nap. Fontainebleau, the 15th, 4 p. m. (April. 1814) “I want you to come to Fontainebleu tomorrow.” But Marie Louise did not come. Her interview with her father had settled things for her. • On that day, April 16, the Emperor's thoughts strayed back to the deserted first wife, Josephine, whose seert* memory still lingered in his heart. “In my exile I will replace the sword by the pen. The history of my reign will be a curious one; I have been seen hitherto only in profile; now .1 will show myself full figure. What a number of things I have to reveal—things and people regarding whom the world has been misled! I have loaded thousands of worthless creatures with favors —and in these last days what have they done for me? Betrayed me—oae and all! Goodbye, ma bonne Josephine, learn resignation as I have learned it, adn never banish from your memory the one who has never forgotten, never will forget you. Adieu, Josephine.” They w ere never to meet again. The letter to Josephine was found some days later in the Emperor's desk at Fontainebleau, and immediately published under the title: “Napoleon’s Farewell to Josephine.” There was also a farewell to Marie Louise, which ran as follows: "Since Providence, whase purpose I have hitherto misunderstood, has given its verdict against me and in favor of my enemies, and, lacking men. money and munitions, I can no longer fight
such projects as rural electrification soil erosion, reforestation and subsistence homesteads. These are all pet projects of the President and all bitterly opposed by Senate old guard leaders. Indignant over the undercover sabotage, Mr. Costigan exposed the situation on the Senate floor. m a a C~ ARTER GLASS, chairman of ihe Appropr.ations Committee, who throughout the debate on the bill had been damning it with faint praise, promised to remedy the matter by havrig an amendment drawn. That seemed fair enough. And It would have been except for one thing Carter's super-sensitive dignity. Following fiis discovery of the sabotaging language, Mr. Costigan had obtained from PWA attorneys a corrective amendment. And when Mr. Glass promised to have such a provision prepared. Senator Costigar. gave him this amendment. Next morniig. prior to the reconvening oi the Senate. Mr. Glass received a copy of an amendment from the White House. Examining it lie found it was an exact duplicate of the one given him by Senator Co6tigan. The explanation for this was obvious—both had come from the PWA. m tt m •TV) Mr. Glass this was a deep -L personal outrage. That the PWA should have given Mr. Costigan an amendment before he, the chairman of the committee, had seen it was an affront to his dignity. Senator Glass flew into a frothing rage, refused to consider the amendment, announced that the matter would be dealt with in a separate bill—which he would sponsor after the work-relief measure had been disposed of. While 20 million people wait on relief rolls, senatorial dignity must t'eed upon what makes it great. (Copyright. 1955. by United Feature Syndicate, laoJ
THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES
against it and subdue its will to mine, I am constrained to yield to force. . . . “I congratulate you on the course you adopted; it was not fitting that you should await your father’s visit at the foot of a throne occupied by another. We may be abased by those very persons who have done most to raise us up; but we should never demean ourselves. .. . “I have no idea what the future holds in store for you, but whatever it be, I hardly think that destiny will bring us together again. And the thought is agony to me. Os all the punishments that Heaven could inflict on me, most cruel is my separation from you. ... I w r ould make only one reproach to you: Why did you not help me with your advice? Why not exercise the empire on my heart your motherhood conferred on you? You feared me—and you loved me!” “It is incredible,” Napoleon wrote to Meneval on April 18 at 5 a. m„ “that the Emperor of Austria did not realize the impropriety of bringing the Russian Emperor and the King of Prussia to Rambouillet, above all when the Empress was ill.” n n m MARIE LOUISE shared his opinion. But the monarchs overrode it, much to the annoyance of Napoleon. Ma bonne Louise, I have received your letter of tne 18th through Laplace; all he 'ells me has moved me deeply and the hope that your health will overcome all the vexations of fate bears me up. Isabe has brought me a portrait of you—the one in which you are holding your son in your arms. I think I shall at last he able to set out tomorrow, and I hope to reach the isle of rest before May Ist. Have Meneval send an article on that island written by an engineer officer who lived there for three years. lam sorry to hear people are indiscreet enough to weary you by untimely visits in the agination (?) of your heart. Adieu, mon amie, love me and never doubt the sentiments of your Nap. Fontainebleau, April 19th, 3 p. m. (1814) On the same day Napoleon informed Meneval of the route he was to follow on his melancholy progress into exile the Lyons road through the Bourbonnais, and then the Saint-Tropez road, via Avignon and Aix. “The Emperor would like to have news of the Empress tomorrow at Briare, where he is to sleep.” And, enclosing an account of the Island of Elba which an engineer offi-
SIDE GLANCES
, <g>ittfYwmpMct.itic. t.m.etc.u.a PAT.'ory, _ fi\
present plans are to retire at thirty-five and raise ■ frogs.**
cer had just brought to Fontainebleau, Napoleon appended a disillusioned afterthought: “You might show it to the Empress, if you think it would interest her.” On April 20, at 11, after his touching farewell to the Old Guard— a 'favorite theme with artists—in the courtyard of the Fontainebleau Palace, known since that memorable leave-tak-ing as the “Cour des Adieux,” Napoieon stepped into the dormeuse de voyage (carriage arranged for sleeping) which was to take him to a humble sanctuary in the “isle of rest.” Even among those most closely associated with Marie Louise, some had "turned their coats.” BAUSSET, the Prefect of the Palace, went over to the Bourbons, and from “Baron d’ Empire” became once more a “Marquis.” Madame Brignole was now the faithful friend of Talleyrand, Prince de Benevent, as whose agent she acted in dealing with the Empress. No sooner had Madame de Montebello come to Blois than she emphatically declared she would never go to Elba; her one desire was to return to her home. Sain-Aignan and Doctor Corvisart followed her instructions, which the medical man obligingly embodied in “doctor’s orders.” Claude de Beauharnais, chevalier d'Honneur, resigned from the post he held under the Empress, while Prince Eugene de Beauharnais was about to join the King, his father-in-law, in Bavaria, where he became Due de Leuchtenberg and the first peer of Bavaria. The Emperor was on the road to exile, accompanied by the faithful Bertrand, followed by English, Austrian, Prussian and Russian commissaries, and attended by an escort of 25 troopers. This escort was by no means superfluous. The man who in other days had ridden gloriously beneath triumphal arches was greeted at Avignon with cries of hatred and savage imprecations; so aggressive was the populace that the commissaries were obliged to intervene. At Orgon and Lambesc there were similar scenes. At Saint-Cannat the Emperor’s coach was stoned and its windows were broken. On April 28, the Emperor reached Saint-Raphael, disillusioned, but at last immune from hostile demonstrations. By the irony of fate the ship on which he embarked was the “Undaunted.” On the previous day, at Frejus, he had written a harrowing letter to Marie Louise, but, on the day he sailed, he was cheered by a letter from his wife, and hope flamed up again. Ma bonne Louise, I reached Frejus just two hours ago. I was well
By George Clark *
pleased with the disposition of France as far as Avignon; but since Avignon I have found people very much inflamed against me. I was very satisfied with the commissioners, particularly the Austrian and the English generals; tell your father this. I am leaving for Elba in two hours’ time, and will write to you from there. My health is good, my courage undaunted; it could be weakened only by the thought that mon amie no longer loves me. Give a kiss to my son. The Frinoess Pauline, who is in a chateau two leagues distant, declares she is determined to come to the Island of Elba to keep me company. But she is so ill that I do not know whether she will be able to bear the journey. I have the grand marshal and my aid-de-camp, Drouot, with me. Your faithful (husband), Nap. Frejus, April 27, 3 p. m. (1814). Ma bonne amie, I have received your letter of the 23rd, informing me that you were going to Grosbois and to continue yoir journey from that point. Your father wrote to me from Rambulet (Rambouillet) a fortnight ago; I have just sent him the inclosed reply. I intend, in two hours’ time, to go on board an English frigate which will take me across to the island in a very few days, and from there I will write to you, by way of Livorno, through the viceroy, Adieu, ma bonne Louise. Pray give a very loving kiss to my son and give my kind regards to all the ladies. Tout a toi. Your affectionate and faithful husband. Napoleon. Freius, April 28 (1814). tt a a THE letter from the Austrian Emperor to which Napoleon refers was written at Rambouillet on April 16; there is a marked stiffness in the phraseology. “Monsieur my brother and dear son-in-law, the affectionate solicitude I feel toward my daughter, the Empress, has prompted me to arrange a meeting with her here. I have been with her a few hours and it is only too clear to me that her health has worsened grievously since I last saw her. I have decided to propose that she should pass some months in the bosom of her family. Her need of rest and quiet is urgent, and Your Majesty has given her too many proofs of real attachment for me to doubt that you will share my wishes on the subject and approve of my decision. “Once she has regained her health, my daughter will proceed to assume the sovereignty of her country, and this will naturally bring her nearer to Your Majesty’s place of abode. It is superfluous, I take it, for me to assure Your Majesty that her son will be accepted as a member of my family, and that during his residence in my dominions he will enjoy his mother's constant care. Receive, Monsieur, my brother, the assurance of my most distinguished ‘consideration.” The letter is signed by the Emporer, but the style is definitely Metternich's; especially the stiff formality of the concluding sentence, the conventional ending of a French business letter. On Easter Day Vienna was illuminated to celebrate the allies’ entry into Paris.. An antiquated gig, inscribed "Postal Service from Paris to . . had served to convey the news to the Austrian capital. The bringer of the news was Count Furstenberg and, with much cracking of whips, a hundred postillions accompanied his progress. “So there we have the outcome of all Napoelon’s victories.” wrote the Baronne du Montet. “Paris is in the hands of the foreigner. Under Louis XIV the very worst defeat could not have brought about so dire a catastrophe!” The baronne, who had accompanied the Boutetieres. her parents, into exile in the days of* the emigres, indulged in a veritable paean. “Was ever miracle more impressive, or justice more Draconian? On the very spot where stood the scaffold of our holy king, another altar composed of battle trophies, has been set up under the eyes of all the kings of Europe. When a nation's hour of expiation strikes, it has the sound of a knell for the people it concerns.” Such was the mental atmosphere of the Austrian capital to which Marie Louise was presently to go. Next: Waterloo. • Copyright. 1935. in Prance bv Blbliotbeaue Rationale; in ail other countries bv United Feature Syndicate. Inc. Reproduction either In whole or in part prohibited. Ail rights reserved.)
Fair Enough WESTBROOK PEGLER MIAMI, Fla., March 18—Last night your correspondent attended a scoff or dinner at a place in Miami Beach called the Beach and Tennis Club and while making passes at the rare viands and exotic delicacies began to recognize the premises. Wasn’t this the old Carl Fisher mansion where Mr. Will Carey, then of the Madison Square Garden Corp. gave that marathon party in connection with the promotion of the Sharkey-Stribling fight that time when Tex Rickard died and left them with an
unfinished job on their hands? It was the same. Did you ever hear about that party? Well— It seems that when Mr. Rickard died and the prize fight was turned over to Mr. Carey, the Madison Square Garden Corp. did not know much about the business. Mr. Carey had been a contractor and his acquaintance with the sport writers was limited. However, he said he would do the best he could and went about it in his own way. Mr. Carey had heard somewhere that the thing to do was to provide
hospitality for the journalists. Mr. Carey thought the hospitality had to be done in a big, expensive way, so, to begin, he engaged several cars on a de luxe train, established a bar in a baggage car and brought down by hand a large delegation of writers representing in the aggregate, many millions of circulation. In most cases it was the policy of the publishers to pay their men's way and thi# was done. tt n n Tall Glasses Were Everywhere ARRIVING at Miami Beach, Mr. Carey took a short lease on the vacant mansion on the shore, moved in cooks, a bartender, a butler, a valet, cots and foundling furniture and said, in his cordial way, “Gents, the joint is yours.” At this, the pleasure began, about three weeks, as your correspondent recalls it, before the date of the prize fight. The bartender began to shake and stir, the butler buttled and the valet sailed into his task of unwrinkling the journalists’ costumes and laying out their ties and socks in proper harmony. Tall glasses were everywhere. A man couldn't stretch out his hand but that it closed around a glass. Arising in the morning to pull on swimming trunks and totter feebly down the first steps to the beach, a man found a he-nightingale in a white, houseman's jacket, pressing a glass of restorative to his fevered lips. The menu was good and the service was maintained on a short-order basis and the valet was busy as a little bee, pressing clothes at all hours. It got so, after a while, that a man couldn't spare time from his swimming and his enjoyment of Mr. Carey's hospitality to go down and watch the prize fighters do their training. So one would go and come back to tell the rest or maybe one of the Garden press agents would go. Then there would follow from 30 minutes to an hour and a half of terrible labor at the typewriters and when the copy was ready there was the chauffeur with the car to take it down to the telegraph office. a tt tt Spent $50,000 and Made Money AS time went on, the press coops increased until Mr. Carey’s place was crowded with total strangers who said they represented weeklies and village dailies which had never sent correspondents to the front before. His party went on and on and as it progressed, the journalists being incorruptible, were lambasting his prize fighters and his project with heavy enthusiasm because Sharkey was notoriously bashful and Stribling an incurable clutcher in the ring. The customers, however, being very independent, decided that it would be a good fight, in which they were wrong, and notwithstanding a bad press, contributed more than $400,000 at the window, although the great American panic was then in progress. After the prize fight, Mr. Carey conducted his guests home as he had brought them down. Your correspondent has heard that when all the bills for Mr. Carey’s party were in, the Garden corporation picked up a tab for $50,000. and still made money on a bad match in a time of panic. (Copyright, 1935, by United Feature Syndicate Inc.) Today s Science BY DAVID DIETZ THE battle over the nature of the cosmic ray, one of the chief attractions of the scientific world during the last five years, seems to be drawing to a close. It is beginning to look now as though these were the facts in the case: First—The cosmic rays originate in the distant spiral nebulae. Second—The original or primary cosmic ray consists of protons. These are the positive particles which constitute the nuclei of hydrogen atoms. Third—These primary rays passing through the interstellar cloud, the extremely thin mist of matter which exists between the stars of our galaxy, generates secondary casmic rays. These secondary rays consist of poitrons and electrons, evenly balanced. The foregoing is a summary of the conclusion* reached by Dr. Thomas H. Johnson, one of the foremost students of casmic rays. During the summers of 1933 and 1934, under the direction of the cosmic ray committee of the Carnegie Institution, Dr. Johnson made cosmic ray studies in Peru, Mexico, the Canal Zone and Colterparts of the electron, the nuclei of hydrogen atoms a a tt READERS, perhaps, are mast familiar with the cosmic ray studies of Dr. R. A. Millikan and Dr. A. H. Compton. There have, however, been other researchers in the field, notably Dr. Johnson and Dr. F. G. W. Swann, director of the Bartol Research Foundation. The spiral nebulae in which Dr. Johnson believes the cosmic rays originate, look in the telescope like the pin wheels shot off on the Fourth of July. Actually, however, they are great aggregations of stars like our own galaxy or milky way. It is believed that if a person stood upon one of the spiral nebulae, our own milky way would prevent the same pinwheel appearance in his telescope. Each spiral contains about 20 billion stars. At present more than a million of these spirals are known. a a DR. JOHNSON has worked out the theory to explain how the rays moving through inter-gal-actic space could attain their tremendous velocity. His conclusions as to the nature of the rays is based upon an analysis of the directional effects ex-perienced-in measuring the rays in various latitudes and longitudes. Our earth is a gigantic magnet surrounded by a huge magnetic field. The incoming rays must pass through this field This analysis indicates that the particles of which the cosmic rays are composed are practically all positively charged particles. This being the case, they might be either positrons, the positive counterparts of the electrons, the nuclei of hydrogen atoms or they might be alpha particles, the nuclei of helium atoms. Dr. Johnson concludes that it is most likely that the primary rays are protons. He rules out alpha particles because it does not seem likely that they could possess the necessary penetrating power. Protons seem more likely than positrons because they occur in large numbers in the stars and the interstellar cloud, whereas positrons seem to be extremely rare. Q—Who was the author of these words: “How shall I curse whom God hath not cursed?” A—They are recorded in the book of Numbers 23:8 in the Old Testament, and were spoken by Balaam to Balak. Q —Can a person be a citizen of a state of the United States, without being an American citizen? A—No. Q —What is the specific gravity of mercury? A—About 13.59. Q— ln which state is the town of Santa Claus? A—lndiana.
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Westbrook Prgler