Indianapolis Times, Volume 46, Number 244, Indianapolis, Marion County, 20 February 1935 — Page 9

It Seems to Me HEYWOOD BROUN THIS would be an appropriate day for a column of comment on the • gold clause” decision of the llnited States Supreme Court. Unfortunately the court, after waiting for weeks before announcing its ruling, has rendered a verdict which may take months to interpret. For Instance, I confess that I am puzzled when I read: •'While It was held that the government must pay off Its own bonds in gold or the equivalent In devalued currency, another ruling that the Court of

Claims had no jurisdiction over such cases was interpreted to mean that it would be impossible for holders of Federal bonds to collect on their gold basis.’’ It seems to me that the sound money boys have won "a moral victory." lam using the phrase in the manner in which we employed it in Cambridge. It meant a football game in which the score was only Yale 12, Harvard 0. While waiting for the decision of the lawyers on the decision of the court this column means to withold its own verdict. We may give it out next Tuesday and again

Hey wood Broun

maybe we won't. Like the nine old gentlemen in Washington we don't want to have a crowd hanging around. mum Let'* Took at England AS a matter of fact, this is the day for a report on current affairs in England as they seem to the Manchester Guardian. For years I have beer, hearing that British undergraduates take their politics more seriously than do the lads in our own universities. A lively account of a debate before the atuder body at Liverpool University fills me with eleme is of doubt. A huge crowd had gathered before the candidates in the Wavertree by-election marched the platform. And the Manchester Guardian describes the beginning of the meeting in In this manner: “By this time a hail of peas and paper darts was descending upon the speakers. Prof. Henry Cohen, who presided, pleaded that 'the shower of somewhat primitive missiles should cease,’ a quaint turn of phrase that provoked vociferous laughter.” \nd again I read. "Up rose Randolph Churchill; down came a shower of peas. Meanwhile, the stewards at the door were fiercely thrusting back another assault of gate-crashers. 'This shower of wicked dried vegetables,' said Mr. Churchill, ‘makes me feel that I am once more among the gentlemen of the Oxford Union.’ ‘You don't say so,’ cried a mocking voice, and the shower of peas was rented. “'Well, now.' said Mr. Churchill, drawing himself up with dignity, ‘if you wish to repudiate the invitation of your council to me you may do so, and I’ll not speak.’ The touch of icy hauteur did it. The noise died down, and Mr. Churchill was able to proceed without interruption save for an occasional cheer raised designedly in the wrong place.” * * * He'd Interrupt Any One POSSIBLY the test presented to the Liverpool undergraduates was not wholly a fair one. When young Randolph Churchill honored America with a visit a few years ago he seemed to me the prime person out of all the world at whom I wanted to throw something. He was then 18 or 19 years old and the most rambunctious Randolph of all the Churchills. I have even known him to interrupt Herbert Bayard Swope in full career, a feat never accomplished before in this country except by the late Senator Stanley of Kentucky. And Mr. Stanley only did it once and at a time when he was palpably exhilarated. I doubt if there is even now a single public speaker who equals Randolph Churchill in his ability to command the ripe tomato. And even so these things :.re ordered better in American colleges. Only last week Roger Baldwin * poke before the debating clubs at Princeton and I was down to talk for a smaller group of undergraduates. I'm sure that Roger must have taken some cracks at "the capitalist system” which is not unrepresented at old Nassau and I am equally certain that in my audience there were many who did not by any means agree with all I said about tradesunionism. Yet nobody fired anything but polite questions prefaced with. "Sir. won't you admit ?” Naturally, I didn't admit anything. Still, nobody raised a cheer in the wrong place. In fact nobody cheered at all. I have no means of knowing just how far right left or dead center Princeton undergraduate opinion may be but I can testify that a very considerable number of the young men are extremely well informed on political problems even including the complicated ramifications of the radical groups. I believe the Tigers could take Liverpool by at least four touchdowns. (Copyright. 1935)

Your Health -BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN—-

EVERY family in which there are children ought to have a fever thermometer. With it. you might worry a good deal by occasional instances in which the temperature is above normal and in which there is nothing seriously wrong. But you will also detect many conditions in their earliest stages and. by calling a physician promptly, you w'U save yourself a great deal of prolonged illness and serious complications. Apparently the first man to measure temperature was an Italian named Sanctonus. who developed a thermometer. After he built his thermometer, which was an exceedingly bulky instrument, it occurred to him to measure the heat of the body. About 1714. Fahrenheit invented the thermometer used in this country, the mercury thermometer with the Fahrenheit scale. m m a AS late as 1870. thermometers used in measuring fevers were about 10 inches long, were placed under the arm and took five minutes to register. The modem compact fever thermometer, used in the mouth and other cavities of the body, is a much more recent invention. In the case of small babies the temperature should always be taken in the rectum, rather than in the mouth. The normal temperature as taken in the rectum varies between 98 and 99.6. mam YOU should always be sure that the mercury is well shaken down before putting the thermometer into the body. In taking temperature in the rectum, a special thermometer with a blunt tip is used. The child is placed face downward, preferably on the mother’s lap. The thermometer, well greased with vaseline, cold cream or petrolatum, should then be placed in the rectum and held in position until removed. The mother should not go away and leave the child with the thermometer ,n place, because the child may turn and break the thermometer and seriously injure itself. Neither should the thermometer ever be placed in the rectum with the child lying on Its back. After the thermometer is used, it should be washed thoroughly with soap and water, then placed In alcohol for five minutes, dried and returned to its case. Never wash a fever thermometer with hot water. This may break it.

Questions and Answers

Q —What was the name of the actress who sang the Canoca in “Flying Down to Rio"? A—Etta Moten. Q—Where is the United States Patent Office located? A—ln the Department of Commerce Building, 14th and E-sts, N. W, Washington, D. C. Q —What is tea berry? A—That is another name for checkerberry or creeping wintergreen. Q—When did Ella Wheeler Wilcox die? A—Oct. 30, 1919. Q—Give the correct possessive of someone else? A —Some one else’*

Full L*ad Wire Service of tbe United Press Association

CHAPTER SEVEN The Invasion of Russia ILKOWISCHKI! A poor collection of cottages, swarming at the moment with troops, overrun by 75,000 men under Davout. To these the Emperor issued an ardent proclamation: “Soldiers, the second Polish War has started. The first was brought to an end at Friedland and at Tilsit; at Tilsit, Russia swore everlasting alliance with France and war with England. Today she breaks her plighted word . . . She confronts us with dishonor or war. There can be no doubt about our choice. Forward!” A further proclamation followed: ‘‘Soldiers, you have fought with me in three parts of the world. Whithersoever I led you, victory was your slogan. The French Eagles will for the second time be raised on high beycnd the Oder and the Vistula. . . After this last struggle, which will bring you the last laurel leaves of your victory, I shall conclude a peace worthy of my people and of myself.” After taking supper at 2 o'clock in the morning in the garden of the Cure of Skrawden, Napoleon, in the uniform of a Polish Lancer, repaired to the outposts. In echelon, on west bank of the Niemen, were arrayed the several Army Corps of Schwarzenberg abutting on Galicia, of KingJerome of Westphalia, and Prince Eugene de Beauharnais. In the center. Napoleon had Murat, Ney, Oudinot, Lefebre and Bessieres with the Garde: on the left wing, at Tilsit, were Macdonald and the Prussians. This meant a front of close upon half a million men. By an indiscreet report in the German “Gazette de Saint-Peters-bourg.” Napoleon had been apprised of the various armies opposing him: Barcley de Tolly was posted behind the Niemen: Tormassof behind the Bug; Bagrationin the neck between the two rivers; Tchltchagoff in Moldavia. In all, according to Col. Bontouriis, 250.000 men. n n a in'LOWING in a valley shaded by forests of lime and oak trees between lofty rocks crowned by slumbering burgs, the Niemen marked the frontier between Poland and Russia. On June 24, at sunrise, the left bank afforded an imposing spectacle. On the loftiest heights was set up the emperor’s tent; the low hills all around were thronged with men in shining armor. By three bridges thrown over the river by Elbe, this mass streamed across to the right

-Th c DAILY WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND By Drew Pearson and Robert S. Allen

TITASHINGTON, Feb. 20.—1 t begins to look as if another war is * ’ brewing between Chairman Henry B Steagall of the House Banking Committee and the Administration. Last year his fellow committee members became so exasperated by the burly Alabama’s limelight methods that they finally stripped him of control over their deliberations. They did this through the device of setting up subcommittees.

Thus while Steagall nominally continued ks head of the full body, actually its work was handled by the subcommittees friendly to and controlled by the Administration. This year, with the session under way, Steagall’s publicity grabbing proclivities have again aroused Administration ire. It happened this way: After weeks of secret work. Federal Reserve Board Governor Marriner S. Eccles and Treasury chiefs framed a bill greatly extending government control over the Federal Reserve system. None of the congressional banking leaders—Duncan U. Fletcher, chairman of the Senate Banking Committee, or Senator Carter Glass, or Steagall—were consulted in drafting the measure. a a a T>UT to soothe Glass’ pride, Eccles personally called on the sensitive Virginian, told him that a bill was being drafted and that he would have a chance to see it before it was made public. Several days later copies of the measure were sent to Fletcher and Steagall—for their private perusal only. Imagine the Administration’s consternation, therefore, when in next morning's papers appeared front page stories telling all about the bill—and prominently displaying Mr. Steagalls name in connection with it. Glass irately accused Eccles—whom he doesn’t like and whose appointment he is holding up—of bad faith. The Rtserve Board head, not wanting to attack Steagall in order to clear himself, said nothing; took the blame on his guiltless shoulders. But he will give Steagall a wide berth in the future. NOTE—If the White House is peeved at Steagall for jumping the gun, Central Bank advocates are.not. They have known for some time that the President was on the fence regarding Eccles' bill, which they view with much enthusiasm. Therefore they think Steagall's premature publicity forced the Administration into the open before Glass could rush to the White House and discourage the President.

The Indianapolis Times

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As he massed his troops for the invasion of Russia, Napoleon issued a stirring proclamation to the men of the Grand Armee. He charged that Russia had broken her plighted word to stand v/ith France against England; and recalled the victory at Tilsit which precc ed the alliance with the Czar. Jean Rosen, in his painting reproduced above, portrays the scene at Tilsit, the escort of the colors before Napoleon before the French went into action.

bank. In two days, 300,000 men thus crossed over. “Marlborough s’en va-t-en guerre,” hummed Napoleon But who would be put in mind of the seriousness of the hour by the following letters, in which the Sorbonne takes up as much space as the war? Mon amie. I crossed the Nieman on the 24th, at 2 o’clock in the morning, I crossed the Villia in the afternoon. I am master of Koveno. No important affair took place. My health is good, but the heat is overpowering. I have just received your letter of the 18th: I am very grateful indeed to the emperor for all his marks of affection toward you and for the care he takes of you. Remember me to him. You can present the rniversity with a collection of books and engravings. It will please him vastly and will cost you nothing. I have plenty of them. Adieu, mon amie. Tout a toi. NAP. Koveno, morning of the 25th. (June, 1812). Kowno, June 26th (1812). Mon amie, Meneval is sending you the first army orders. I am leaving tonight, I shall be at Wilna the day after tomorrow. My affairs arc going well, my health is good and I think of you, and I am glad to read in your letters how your father takes care of you, it is a source of great pleasure to me. Thank him on my behalf. I approve of the presents you intend to confer upon Prague, I consider it quite right. Be cheerful. We shall meet at the time I promised you we should. Tout a toi. l’our, NAP.

EVEN to Cabinet members, names can be troublesome. Hugo Inden, distinguished artist, attended a reception at the home of Secretary of War Dern. From Eastern Europe, Inden is darker of complexion than Nordic Americans, and sharper of feature. But let him tell it: “It was a long receiving line—one of these where the guests give their names to an announcer, and from then on the members of the receiving line pass it along from one to another. “I got off to a fine start, but before I had changed hands many times, I was Mr. Indren, then Mr. Indrien, then Mr. Indrian. “At the end of the line, last of all, was Mr. Dern. When he got me, I finally had become plain Mr. Indian, and he greeted me as such. “I could hardly restrain letting out a wild and savage whoop!” IRVINGTON CHURCH TO GIVE FINAL DINNER North M. E. Pastor to Speak at Family Night Assembly, The Rev. C. A. McPheeters, North M. E. Church pastor, will be the guest speaker at the final dinner of the February family night assemblies at the Irvington M. E. Church, North Audubon Circle, in Irvington. The meeting, sponsored by the service department of the Women's Association, will be held in the social hall of the church, Thursday, Feb. 28. Mrs. Garfield Walker is president of the association and general chairman in charge of the dinner. Circles No. 6 and No. 7 of the church will supervise the dinner, to be served at 5:30 p. m. LECTURE IS TO BE GIVEN Miss Esther Renfrew to Address Alliance Francaise. Miss Esther Renfrew, romance languages teacher at Butler University, will give an illustrated lecture on Grenoble University in France, at the Alliance Francaise meeting at 8:30 tomorrow night at the Washington. A dinner will precede the meeting.

INDIANAPOLIS, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 1935

“W A"Y affairs are going well.” JLVI Are they, though? A blow in the air. No coming to grips. The Russians had vanished. On the 28th of June, at dawn, a party of Hussars brought in an officer with a flag of truce, Balachof, the czar’s aide-de-camp, with his trumpeter. “Let the Grande Armee cross back over the Nieman,” suggests Alexander, “and war will be avoided.” “A blind,” thinks Napoleon. And his reply is: “No.” “The enemy has been properly thwarted,” he writes to the empress. Ma bonne amie. I am at Vilna, very busy, my affairs are going very well indeed, the enemy has been properly thwarted, I am in the best of health, I think of you. I know you are very satisfied with the attentions of your father who takes great care of you, thank him on my behalf, give my kind regards to all; I sympathize with the Empress in her illness. The little King is in very good health. Vilna is a very fine city of 40,000 souls. I have my quarters in a rather fine mansion, where the Emperor Alexander was living a few days ago, very, far from thinking at the time that I was so soon to enter here. Adieu, mon amie. Tout a toi. NAP. . Wilna, June 30th, 1 p. m. (1812). # tt AT Wilna, the Emperor had gained possession of the Czar’s palace, but not of the huge supplies of the Russian army, of which nothing remained but smoking ruins. On entering the town, with its dark, winding streets, he was sadly disappointed. No decorations. Silence every-

ST. JOSEPH’S CLUB TO HOLD ANNUAL BALL Harry Gillespie Chairman of Washington’s Birthday Fete. St. Joseph's Men’s Club will hold its second annual Washington’s birthday ball tomorrow night in its clubrooms, 617 E. North-st. Harry Gillespie is chairman, assisted by Dan Elder, Charles Walsh, John Blair, Vincent Fox, Ray Gillespie and Vincent Grumel. BEECH GROVE GROUPS TO STAGE CELEBRATION Washington’s Birthday to Be Observed with Chicken Dinner. The Beech Grove Masonic Lodge and the Order of Eastern Star will celebrate Washington’s birthday with a chicken dinner tomorrow night at the Beech Grove M. E. Church. The Rev. R. M. Dodrill will speak and the Indianapolis chapter choir will give a concert.

SIDE GLANCES

#IWBYWEAJBWnCC.B*|.

“T’ve had about enough of your cheerful ‘good mornings’ ”

where. Torrential rain alternated with scorching heat. On the very day the Emperor entered Wilna, Oudinot had a brush with Wittgenstein at Wilkomir. The advance of the French army cut the Russian forces in two. Attacked by Davout on the road to Mohilow. Bagration would have been compelled to surrender had it not been for the incompetence of King Perome, who allowed him to escape. It was now impossible, however, for him to take the French in the rear as he had been instructed to do. At his headquarters in Wilna, Napoleon set up a provisional government for Lithuania. On the right bank of the Wilna he established an intrenched camp and had a citadel built on the hill, where stood the old Palace of Jagellons. And the bulletins of the Grande Armee blazoned forth to the world the “transports of joy and gratitude caused by the precious gift of liberty bestowed upon 4,000,000 men.” Wilna, July Ist. (1812) Mon amie, I have received your letter, the ladies-in-waiting you suggest for service during the next three months appear to me to be suitable. Choose whom you please among the office for your service. Am remaining three days ai Isaye and W 7 arbg. Provided you are at Saint Cloud some time in July, it will be sufficient. Make a present to your former Grand Master. I will grant the pension you ask for Madame Lazansky’s (?) protegee. The weather is very rainy, the storms in this country are frightful, it has been raining in torrents for the last three days. My affairs are going

I COVER THE WORLD By William Philip Simms

WASHINGTON, Feb. 20.— “ Our national defense is way behind. We’ve got to build it up.” That is all there is behind the President’s so-called billion dollar national defense plan, Rep. Carl Vinson of Georgia, chairman of the House Naval Affairs Committee, told the writer today.

Great Britain is rushing to completion her great Singapore naval and air base at a cost of $55,000,0000. She is almost doubling her air force. The United States proposes to spend one-fifth as much as that to improve Hawaii. Japan has built all the tonnage allowed her under the naval treaties of Washington and London. Great Britain can complete her quota in a short time. The present naval building program of the United States, if adhered to, will not give this country its allotted strength until 1942. The other great powers have

By George Clark

well. My health is good. Adieu, mon amie, you know how deeply I love you NAP. tt tt tt AMID the cares of a terrific campaign, in which he had close upon half a million men under his orders, Napoleon found time to attend to the needs of the Empress's protegees, including her former governess. Out of an allowance of 25,000 francs granted to her by Napoleon, Countess Lazansky had certain people to provide for. As for the former Grand Master, Count Edling, whose appetite had been whetted by the success of his claims, the Emperor had gone so far as to write a letter recommending him to Andreossy, the head of a section of the Council of State. Ma bonne amie, I have just received your letter of June 22nd, in which I read that your father continues taking care of you, and that riding agrees with you. We are having great heat here, and very heavy rain today, which interferes with us and do us harm. My affairs arc going well, my health is good and I often think of you. Adieu, mio ben. sap. Wilna, July 2nd, 1812. “Riding will do you good.” The year before, the Emperor in silk stockings and shoes with buckles on them, had been for a ride with her and taken a canter by her side. Tomorrow “This Separation Weighs Heavily.” (Copyright, 1935, in France by Bibliotheque Nationale; in all other countries by United Feature Syndicate. Reproduction either in whole or in part prohibited. All rights reserved.)

long ago mechanized their armies. The Soviet Union, with an army of 990,000 men, according to War Commissar Voroshivlov, has 7.74 horse power per man. The British come next though Japan is rapidly overhauling her. The French and American armies are last. Partly to remedy this deficiency —admittedly grave in so small an army as ours the government plans to spend $34,000,000. a a STANLEY BALDWIN publicly warned that the frontiers of Britain are no longer the English Channel and the chalk cliffs of Dover, but the sky and the Rhine. Today Britain and France are perfecting an air defensive alliance. Germany, Belgium and Italy are asked to come into it. The trend throughout the entire world is in the direction of aerial defense. In strengthening her Hawaiian and other air bases, America is merely recognizing what other powers saw and acted on before. As recommended by the Baker board, the President plans to increase the air fleet to 2320 planes. These will be assigned to Hawaii, . Panama, the east and west coasts and elsewhere. The cost is about $90,000,000. The total appropriation for the Army, including modernization, meshanization, increase in personnel and so on, will likely be in the neighborhood of $400,000,000. With the naval building program and regular appropriation, the total national defense bill is expected to reach approximately a billion dollars. Japan is spending more than a billion yen this year on national defense. A yen buys about as much in Japan as a dollar does here. SAID Chairman Vinson: “The charge is often made that we are spending more than other countries on the national defense. We have to spend more—much more—merely to get the same thing. American wages, building costs, living standards and so on are higher than in any other nation.” A merchant marine second to none is part of the Administration’s plan to round out the national defense. Some like Chairman Vinson also include a canal across Nicaragua. Without a merchant marine, the Navy could not function properly in war.

Second Section

Entered as Second-Class Matter at Portoffice, Indianapolis. Ind.

Fair Enough WESTBROOK PEGLER TDUGH old warrior that he is, Clarence Larrow seems to be leading with his chin when he remarks scornfully that William Jennings Bryan University of Dayton. Tenn., Is no university, but merely a hole in the ground. If Mr. Darrow had ever been a football writer he would have been warned by painful experience that one may cast aspersions on an alma mater only at the risk of severe punishment. The punishment is administered by mail, but it is severe nevertheless, consisting of letters be-

ginning, "Dear Sir. you cur," and warming up to considerable heat. Officially, at least, even though William Jennings Bryan University be only a cellar full of weeds and rubbish, with a stand of stagnant water at certain periods of the year, and surrounded by the crumbling remains of an abandoned foundation. it is a university nevertheless. It was founded in 1930 as a memorial to the late Mr. Bryan who had sat on :ne witness stand in the Dayton Courthouse, agitating the sultry air with a palm leaf fan and affirming to the infidels and scoffers of the whole wide world and

the contemptuous Mr. Darrow in particular, his belief that Joshua made the sun stand still and that Jonah was swallowed by a wnale and lived to tell about it. tt tt tt It H'os a Strange Trial IT was a trial as strange and memorable as the Hauptmann trial at Flemington, N. J., and much more picturesque or quaint. The weather was stifling in the fold of the mountains, the little town was overcrowded, 1 per cent of the normal population of the community were down with typhoid at the time, the food consisted almost exclusively of pork and chicken fried in grease and the water supply which came down from a spring in the hills frequently was unfit for use because some fitful storm had riled up the source. On such days when the water came out of the taps as thick and brown as gravy, there was nothing to drink but the sweet, carbonated beverages of the drugstore soda fountain or the strong wine of the country, which was dayold corn, white, violent and still warm from the moonshiner’s worm. Dayton abounded in religious enthusiasts come in from a wide area, including all the familiar types of ecclesiastical gymhasts who writhed and flailed the air until their clothes were clammy with sweat and one lay brother who went about the little town wearing a sandwich board, proclaiming him to be the Bible champion of the world. He was a kiver-to-kiver man, willing to accept a dime or a quarter for the furtherance of the Lord's work, but not aggressively professional. He went through the crowds, day after day, defying any brother or sister, parson or layman, to stump him on any quotation or meet him in a contest of speed, from memory and from scratch, for a side bet. a a a Darrow Has Insulted Them MR. DARROW never had a chance to win the case because, sure as you are bom, if the old jedge, a God-fearing man, himself, had ever decided in favor of the devil, some terrible jedgement would have been visited on Dayton. The Courthouse would have fallen in and buried the just and unjust alike in an awful manifestation of the wrath. Or the typhoid, then held in abeyance, would have become a sweeping pestilence. Mr. Bryan died a few days later, following a heavy meal, and the decision to found the university as a memorial to him was taken at once. When your correspondent visited Knoxville last spring, John Monteaux, a reporter for the Knoxville News Sentinel, reported that up to that time the university had acquired neither ivy-clad walls nor a good back field and was, even as Mr. Darrow so slightingly remarks, nothing but a hole. Bryan University had no college yell, no junior prom, no varsity colors, no swimming pool, gym,' dramatic club or traditional rival, no Skull and Bones, Lampoon, or A. A. Stagg. But, holding classes in the high school, the university is five years old now presumably with one class of alumni and another to come in June. Bryan can confer honorary LL. D.’s and Litt. D’s, issue diplomas in Latin and walk proudly in the company of Harvard, Columbia, and Bob Jones College of Cleveland, Tenn. Mr. Darrow has insulted the alma mater of the class of 1934, and the oncoming contingent of Bryan University, ’36. He will be hearing from them—perhaps only both of them, but anyway them—in terms of indignation so furious that your correspondent, as one who has suffered, feels very sorry indeed for Mr. Darrow. iCopyright. 1935, by United Feature Syndicate, Inc.)

Today's Science BY DAVID DIETZ

INCREASED use of nickel in many industrial fields is predicted by O. B. J. Fraser, superintendent of technical service of the International Nickel Cos. At the present time low alloy nickel-bearing steels are being used in bridges, automobiles, machinery of many kinds and machine tools. The normal consumption of nickel in the United States today, according to Mr. Fraser, is about 2,250,000 pounds a year. Electroplating makes the largest demand for the metal. Catalytic uses come second, ceramics third and the nickel-iron alkaline storage battery fourth. Other fields are still small. However, the other fields are beginning to grow in importance. “The more highly alloyed nickel-chromium stainless steels and the heat-resisting alloys are well known to industrial chemists,” Mr. Fraser says. “Nickel has acquired an important place in the field of cast iron. Low nickel alloy irons, with or without added chromium or mciybdenum, are superior in structure, thermal stability, and strength, to plain iron.” Mr. Fraser says that the developed ore reserve in Canada contains sufficient nickel to meet the world's requirement for more than a generation. Canadian mining practice is of the highest standard of deep metal mining and plants are modern in every respect. a a a NICKEL plating has grown to be an enormous industry, consuming large quantities of chemical compounds which contain nickel. Latest available figures are for 1933. These show that 4,250.000 pounds of nickel sulphate and nickelammonium sulßhate and 250.000 pounds of nickel chloride were used. The metallic nickel content of these salts was approximately 890,000 pounds. Mr. Fraser calculates that this means that about 22,000,000 square feet of metal surface were plated with nickel in 1933. He also points out that the 1933 consumption of nickel salts was only one-half of what the figure was in 1929. n n 11 CHROMIUM plating, he says, rather than displacing nickel plating, has increased the need for it. “Current specifications in the automotive and plumbing goods industries call for nickel undercoats about three times as thick as were used some six or seven years ago,” he says. “This has been done not only to obtain better protection of the base from corrosion, but because a satisfactory chromium finish can be obtained only over a fairly thick nickel coating.” In industrial processes, more products depend upon the use of nickel as a catalyst than any other metal. A catalyst is a substance which does not enter directly into a chemical reaction, but whose presence speeds up the necessary chemical reaction or lowers the temperature at which it occurs or otherwise makes it industrially practical. About 435,000 jjounds of nickel in various forms was used for cata.ytic purposes in 1933.

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