Indianapolis Times, Volume 46, Number 242, Indianapolis, Marion County, 18 February 1935 — Page 7

FEB. 18. 1035

It Seems to Me HEWOOD KROHN TWJOT even and;;: elf has America sufJAI fi y from the jitters. We all to* membe r the days v hen a trace of German accent practically identified anybody as a German spy, but how the range of suspicion sweeps more widely stilL Perhaps the nightmare quality of the present Red scare was brought home to me by a short news note concerning a meeting in the auditorium of Horace Mann. Among the professional representatives who defended themselves against th* charge of being

violent revolutionists up spoke Dean Russell of Teachers’ College. The present dean Is the son of the former dean and he was my class mate in high school. I refer, of course, to the younger Russell. Well do I remember him as the lad who always knew the answers in the French class and never flunked a sight translation when we were tackling the Greeks. He was the epitome of respectabilty both scholastically, spiritually and sartorially. To be sure, many years have elapsed, but it still gives me a turn to read that Dean Russell finds it necessary to answer William

I Jm . U V

He; wood Broun

Randolph Hearst and deny that Teachers' College Is an adjunct of Moscow. During the war, it is quite true, that the phrase “pro-German" covered a multitude of sins. But it was never stretched as the word "red” has been in the last twelve months. Perhaps another ironical note may be found in the fact that Mr. Hearst himself was under the severe fire of the super patriots back in 1917. a a a Does Hearst Remember? AS an employe of the New York Tribune in the early months of that year I was offered the alignment of doing a series of articles under the snappy head ‘ Coiled in the Flag.” Various public men were to be pictured as serpents lurking under cover of the red. white and blue. One at whom the paper purposed to point a finger was Robert M. La Follette. Hearst was a second and I’ve forgotten the rest. At any rate even in mv salad days it seemed to me a singularly silly campaign and I declined the appointment. I wonder whether William Randolph Hearst ever thinks back to the time when the mob was incited acainst himself. If he remembers how can he so calmly and cold-bloodedly institute a similar drive against men who he knows are fantastically pictured as revolutionists. Not, of course, that I would deny freedom of speech to the frankest Communist advocate of violent overturn. Once you put limitations upon even the most radical expression there will never be a convenient halting place. This has been proven in other countries. Hitler's first drive was against the Communists, when he had torn away all their civil liberties he began to pick on the Socialists and after them the liberals. Presently he needed no excuse at all. Anybody who didn't like Hitler was ipso facto a dangerous traitor. There ought to be a sense of solidarity among all those who believe in civil rights. Herbert Clark Hoover came to town on Lincoln’s birthday and said a few words about traditional American liberties. If Mr. Hoover were logical he would immediately enlist in the campaign to defend educators from the malice of Hearst and his minions. One could be utterly conservative and still remain in violent opposition to the waves of terrorism which are sweeping over many parts of our country. a a a He'll Be Among the Reddest IN fact a conservative ought to be in opposition to such movements as the vigilante drive in California. I am assuming that a conservative is one who wants to cling to those things in national life which have endured and which seem to work. It would be ridiculous to say that America has never known suppression of free speech, but these are not the periods of our history concerning which web oast. Most of our heroes are men who dared to speak their minds even when the things they uttered were highly unpopular. To the vast number of Americans William Lloyd Garrison in days before the Civil war was a far more dangerous agitator than any man the Communist party has to offer here and now. But the memory of Garrison is green today and he is counted among the number who served their country well. Within the last few days I have noticed on the list of suspects an Episcopal bishop *> ce!!**?* dean, dozens of professors toe head of the American Federation of Labor. Teachers’ Union and a score of others. Indeed as you may remember one of the 225 per cent patriots has brought out a book in which Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevc-ii and Mayor La Guardia are listed as Reds. I have the honor to be mentioned in that book myself, but I must regretfully admit that I figured only passingly and in a foot note. Possibly in the next year or so I may be able to work myself up into the text. If it is red to defend the r ght of eve*--- man to voice his political and economic opinions, I mean to be a? scarlet as the best of them. (Copyright. 16351

Your Health -BY DR. MORRIS FISIIBEIN-

MANY an old-time novelist and dramatist created an absorbing plot by presupposing that every family which shamefacedly ..dmitted that it included a drunkard carried with it a hereditary strain of drunkenness. Modern scientific students of heredity have come to a different conclusion. One of these specialists says that we are not justified in drawing conclusions concerning men from experiments that have been made on rate in relationship to the administration of alcohol. This is particularly the case since the dosages of alcohol given to the rats surpass any possible consumption by human beings. In one series of experiments, mice were intoxicated with alcohol, and the experiments were carried out through succeeding generations of mice until 32.000 had been used. In many cases the mice became so completely intoxicated that they were eaten by the mice which were not intoxicated with which they were supposed to mate. a a a Notwithstanding the fact that the habits of human beings, according to one scientist, resemble in many ways those of mice, this situation is certainly never met with among humanity. It is. of course, necessary to distinguish between hereditary influences and environmental influences. The characters studied in th* experiments with mice are not characters which can easily be studied from the point of view of heredity. Even though it can be shown that the taking of alcohol through repeated generations of mice tends to lower their fertility and raise their death rates, this does not prove that the effects of alcohol are hereditary. Certainly a constant state of intoxication in the female will lower her fertility, but this will not necessarily lower the fertility ox the offspring. a a a IN relationship to such questions, it L important to bear in mind that we are greatly influenced by our environment. It has been said that fat persons ere likely to have fat children because they eat too much and the children imitate their parents. This is obviously an invironmental influence and not hereditary. The conditions exisiting in families in which one of the parents is a chronic alcoholic are such as to cause a lower resistance to temptations in general among the children. In judging such cases of apparent heredity of alcoholism, the bad example of the drunken parent must be remembered. Thus, even though scientific evidence may establish the .hat alcoholism itself u not hereditary, the resnondbiliiv rests largely on the alcoholic pa.enis for contamination of the ohilrf.

NAPOLEON-

CHAPTER FIVE Moving Eastward 'JMIE Emperor had reached Posen. “A few one-storied wood and mud houses, standing in gardens fenced in with boards here go by the name of a town,” writes Castellane, a future marshal. “After skirting the Warka, one comes to the plain in which lies the dismal town of Posen, one of the largest in Poland.” On the occasion of Napoleon’s arrival, on May 30, a triumphal arch had been erected, bearing the inscription Ileroi invincibili. And at night, on the facade of the Prefecture, where he had put up, the words Great Poloni Imperator magno, shone forth in letters of fire. But since leaving Dresden, time hung heavily on his hands, on account of not seeing Marie Louise "two or three times a day.” Mon amic, I received your three letters almost at the same time. I was beginning to think it a very long time to be two days without hearing from you. I am very sorry to hear you are feeling dejected and I am grateful to Princess Therese for taking you out. I am in very good health. I am leaving tonight, so as to be tomorrow morning at Thorne, where I shall be staying for several days. The Due de Bassano has not arrived yet. Give my kind regards to your aunt and to the King and the Saxe family. It is quite right of you to think of me. You know I love you and how vexed I am no longer to see you two or three times a day. But I am thinking it will be the case in three months’ time. Adieu, mio dolce amore. Tout a toi. Posen, June 1, G p. m. (1812). AT Thorn Napoleon put up at the Governor's, Gen. de Woyzinsky. The town was full of troops. Twenty-four officers and 75 men were quartered in one house only. Here there were five infantry regiments of the Old Guard, of whom a review was to be held; here, too, was the main artillery park, which Napoleon did not fail to inspect in every detail, while his orderly officers were visiting the curious city, the birthplace of Copernicus, whose monument they admire in the Church of St. John’s. A host of twittering birds had taken advantage of the broken windowpanes to invade the holy edifice. Here. Gen. Count Louis de Nar-bonne-Lara brought to Napoleon letters from Marie Louise: Thorne, June 3rd (1812). 31a bonne Louise, Narbonne has brought me news of you and he tells me you are very dejected. It is very wrong of you, you promised me to be brave and easy in yotir mind. You will be at Prague by this time, for you were to leave on the 4th. Lou will thus have the joy of being with your family which will give you pleasure, I

-The-

DAILY WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND —By Drew Pearson and Robert S. Allen

WASHINGTON, Feb. 18.—“ The safety of the Philippine Islands ▼ ▼ depends today upon the United States. They would become an American protectorate.” Frankly admitting that a startling and subtle change of public opinion has come about in his country. Resident Commissioner Pedro Guevara today told the writer that he hoped the tie between the Philippines and the United States would not be completely severed

“The sentiment of the thinking people of the islands right now,” he said, “is that Japan has become a real menace. “I have been an advocate of complete independence. Today I strongly advocate the same relationship between my country and the United States as existed between Cuba and the United States before the repeal of the Platt Amendment.” a a a UNDER the Tydings - McDuffie law,” he said, “the President is requested to enter into negotiations with foreign powers with a view to the conclusion of a treaty for the neutralization of the islands, if and when Philippine independence shall have been achieved. “The nations of the world pledged themselves by treaty to respect and preserve the political independence and the territorial integrity of China. Japan and Britain committed themselves by treaty to respect and preserve the independence and territorial integrity of Korea. Both of these treaties have been flagrantly violated. “There is a Kellogg pact, outlawing war. But it can now be considered dead. The invasion of Manchuria and Shanghai is still fresh in the minds of all. “A neutralization treaty will not safeguard the Philippines any more than the nine-power treaty safeguards China. “After having seen the Kellogg pact, the covenant of the League of Nations and other peace treaties violated, I am afraid a neutralization treaty for the Philippines will not work. “I have not changed my mind about independence, even now. I still want independence for the Phillipines—but not for the purpose of having them gobbled up by some ether power. a a a “TF reversing my stand will mean X security for my country, I will not hesitate to reverse it,” he said. “It is true, of course, that severance of all ties, and the imposition of tariffs on our products, will work a hardship. America is the chief outlet for our sugar, cocoa nut oil and other exports. But I am not thinking of that now. I am equally concerned for the safety of the islands. “The Philippine commonwealth will be inaugurated within the next few months. Whether or not it succeeds depends on the United States and the coatinuae

While Marie Louise was enjoying the festivities at Dresden and in Bohemia, Napoleon was making a tour of inspection of forces in Poland and in the city of Danzig. His energy was boundless and his examinations invariably exhaustive. At Danzig he arrrived unannounced at 3 in the morning, went over the fortifications until noon, received the Senate in the afternoon, reviewed the troops in the evening and by the next daybreak was visiting different points of the roads to the city. The painting, by George Roussel, reproduced above, depicts a scene of inspection by the Emperor.

share in it. Give my kind regards to the Emperor. Tell the Empress I am at her feet, and how desirous I am to please her in all things. I shall be stopping here tomorrow to review my Guard, which is fully armed. Afterwards I shall run over to Danzig. I have good news from Paris. The King is in good health. Adieu, ma douce (amour, love well him who loves you so well. Kind regards to your sisters. I should have wished very much to see Leopoldine and all your brothers and sisters whom I love on your account. Tout a toi N. Ma bonne amie, I have received your letter of June Ist, you will see I had already been a longer time without hearing from you. I am leaving tomorrow for Danziek. Y'ou like Prague. I have ordered a courier to be sent to you at once. I think of you very often. I should like to see you, but I hope to do so before long. It is very hot, a good deal of dust. I was in Lie saddle this morning at 2 a. m., and was all the better for it. I nave seen the Due de Bassano who spoke to me about you. Adieu, ma bonne Louise, do not worry. He told me you were taken with vomiting. Is this true? Kindest regards to all the family, as well as to your father and the Empress. Thorne, 4th, 2 p. m. (June, 1812). Mon amie, I have received your letter of the 2nd, I was glad to hear you were in good health. Why do you get no sleep? It is most necessary for you. I expect the journey to Prague will do you good, it is very hot here, like in Italy, everything goes to extremes in this climate. Give my kind regards to your sisters and your ladies-in-waiting. The little king is in good health, you have no doubt had news of him. I am leaving in an hour's time for

tion of free trade. Without that, the whole purpose of the act of independence may be nullified. “President McKinley, in 1899, publicly stated the Philippines were taken as a ‘high obligation’ and that it was ‘a trust from which we shall not shrink.’ Will the American people now shrink from the trust they then voluntarily assumed? “The United States should maintain a protectorate over the Philippines. It would be better for the United States, better for the Philippines and better for the world.”

SIDE GLANCES

* v - ,V.• A?* v - ’ ;.-'r * * y it' W3i BY MEA SERVICE. INC. T. M. BCO, U. 6. PAT. Off.

“It was a nice party but I can eat a whole trayful of those little sandwiches and still be hungry.”

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

Danzisc, everything is quiet along the frontier, the Guards, whom I viewed yesterday, were looking splendid. Adieu, ma bonne Louise, I am as desirous as you are to meet you and I hope it will be soon. Three months’ absence and I am ever with you. A thousand kisses. N. Thorne, the 6th, 1 p. m. (Jure, 1812). a a a THE departure from Thorn was Homeric. It was to have taken place on June 6, at 4 o’clock. It was only 2 o’clock when the Emperor, catching sight of Castellane, sent him to impart to the Gen. Equerry his desire to leave at once. "Impossible before 3,” was Castellane’s reply. “Have my saddle-horses brought round,” Napoleon then cried to an orderly officer. "Where is the Aid-de-Camp on duty?” he inquired as he mounted his horse. Not having expected so sudden a departure, Gen. Lebrun was not to be found. “Your horses?” the Emperor asked Castellane. "Sire, they are on their way.” With an impatient growl the Emperor put spurs to his horse. And in a deafening uproar the •whole retinue galloped off to join the Emperor. His carriage only came up with him a long way from Thorn. a a a BEYOND Posen, the Emperor received letters from Marie Louise. As reported by the “Gazette de France,” the Empress was moving about. In the outskirts of Dresden, she was being rowed about on the Elbe in a gondola, visiting the village of Tharand, remarkable for its romantic setting and for a clump of elm trees known as the "sacred grove.” Having left on June 4th for Bohemia, she was given a reception at Toplitz, a town on the frontier, which she entered by an archway adorned with wreaths of flowers and laurel leaves. And while on the walls were to be read the words: A Louise, Imperatrice dev Francais, girls presented her with a basketful of flowers, and some miners, swinging their lanterns, punctuated their songs with cheers. At Prague, Marie Louise passed under triumphal arches, escorted by squadrons of cavalry. Throughout the three weeks she stayed there, balls alternated with banquets, excursions with entertainments and illuminations. Napoleon arrived unannounced at Danzig on June 7th, at 8 o’clock in the morning. No one expected him in the Free City. The next day, no later than 3 a. m., for it is daylight very early at this season of the year in this latitude, he proceeded to carry out an inspection of the fortifications, which lasted until 12. At 3 in the afternoon, he received the Senate of the city, after which, until 8 p. m., he reviewed troops. On the 9th at daybreak, he visited the diffierent points of the roads. Between whiles he wrote to the Empress: Mon amie, I arrived at Danzik very much incommoded by the dust, I am sending a special courier to Berlin, whence this letter

By George Clark

will be forwarded to you so that you may have news of me and not be uneasy. I shall stay here tomorrow, the Bth, as well as the 9th and perhaps the 10th. I hope you are quite well and enjoying yourself with your sisters, give them my kind regards. You have no idea of the sentiments I bear them for your sake. Mention me to your father and tell him with what affection he has inspired me, and that he can rely on me. Tell the Empress I am at her feet. Give my kind regards to Madame Logisky (?). Adoi mio bene. Tout a toi. The 7th, 10 p. m. (Danzig, June, Nap. 1812) Ma bonne Louise: I have had no letters from you since that of the 4th, when you were leaving for Bohemia, but I hope to have some this evening, and to hear your are pleased w’ith your sisters and to be with your family. I am in the saddle from 2 o’clock in the morning; I get back at noon, sleep for two ..hours, and view the troops the rest of this day. My health is very good, the little king is well and is to be weaned shortly. I hope you have had news of him. I do so long to see you; in spite of my occupations and fatigue. I feel there is something lacking—the sweet habit of seeing you several times in the course of the day. Adio mio bene. Keep well, be cheerful and contented, that is the way to please me. Your faithful Np. The 9th, 6 p. m. (June. 1812.) Ma bonne Louise, I have not heard from you since the 4th, that is for 7 days, but I hope to do so this evening, at Marienburg, where I shall put up for several (hours?) I shall be at Koenighberg tomorrow. My health is very good. I have written to you every day, so I suppose you will often have ha*’ letters from me. I want to hear you are enjoying yourself and are pleased with your sisters; give them my kind regards. All is very quiet along the frontiers, the weather has become rather rainy, and it has done good. See that you are contented and cheerful, it is the way to please me, never doubt all the feelings I bear to il moi dolce amor. Give my kind regards to your father and to the Emperor. I expect to have news from Shwarzenberg tomorrow. Your affectionate Np. Danzig, the 11th, 8 p. m. (June, 1812) a a a FROM Marienburg, Napoleon sent off a very important be conferred both upon the memletter concerning the bounties to bers of the Empress’s household, the dignitaries of the Court of Austria and the Burgraves of Prague. The Empress’ suite included the Grand Chamberlain, de Montesquiou; the Knight of Honor, Count de Beauharnais; the First Equerry,

I COVER THE WORLD a a a a a a By William Philip Simms

WASHINGTON, Feb. 18.—Adolf Hitler’s Third Reich has driven the thin end of a wedge into the budding Franco-British entente and vastly strengthened her position in central Europe. By accepting a partnership in the proposed western European air defense league, Germany relieved Great Britain of her greatest nightmare, namely, the fear of destruction from the sky.

At the same time, by holding aloof from the League of Nations, the World Disarmament Conference at Geneva and the desired agreement to safeguard the independence of Austria, she continues to hold a club over the head of France. Lastly, she threatens to block France’s eastern Locarno, a part of the European peace scheme to which Britain has given only lukewarm support. Great Britain today is afraid only of being attacked from the air. The German navy is at the bottom of the sea. Britain has twice the sea power of Italy and France combined. Infantry can not cross the channel unaided. a a a Accordingly, it was only after her own secret investigations revealed that Germany’s air armada was fast assuming dangerous proportions, that she Anally warmed up to France’s hints at an entente. This entente took shape a fortnight ago, when Foreign Minister Pierre Laval and Premier Pierre Etienne Flandin journeyed to London. Germanj would be asked into a defensive air pact along with Italy and Belgium. At the same time, she would be invited to participate in the eastern Locarno and the Danube understanding, and to return to Geneva. Now with success for her part of the project in sight, Britain may not press the other points shoulder to shoulder with France as hotly as otherwise she might.

Prince Aldobrandini Borghese; he Chamberlains, Counts de Praslin, de Noailles. de Pange; the knights, Baron Dandelau, de Nesgrigny, de Lesseps; the Prefect of the Palace, Baron de Bausset; the Lady-in-Waiting. Duchess de Montebello; the Ladies of the Palace, Duchess de Bassano, Countesses de Brignole and de Bauvau. Prince Clary was at the head of the Guard of Honor, appointed by the Emperor of Austria to attend Marie Louise. And now let us read Napoleon’s letter: Marienburg, the 12th, 7 a. m, . (June, 1812) Ma bonne Louise: My anticipation was correct. 1 have received four letters from you, one when I was half-way to this place, the three -others this morning. I was surprised to hear you had no letters from me yet; I sent two to my Minister at Dresden, to be forwarded to you. You must have greatly enjoyed seeing your sisters and your uncles. Tell Prince Charles of all the esteem I have for him. I presume you gave a present to Prince Clary, at whose house you put up; it is the custom. If not, do so when leaving Prague. Montesquiou will have given the household all that was necessary; you must be very generous and give a great deal in every way. I had ordered presents to be procured for the ladies-in-waiting of the Empress, the one for Madame Lagisky (?) was to be worth 50,000 livres. You will also give her one of the same value, so that she may have 100,000 worth of diamonds, this journey. You must not give gold snuff-boxes; it is in bad taste; you must have rings, with your monogram, worth 1200, 2COO, 3000 and 6000 livres. Mention this to the High Chamberlain. Give a great deal of money to all those who served you formerly and to your old masters. I presume Montesquiou has handed you your June allowance, so that you may be able to spend a great deal. Jardin has doubtless arrived to break in your mounts; be pleasant to your father and all your family. Talk to the Emperor of all the feelings he has inspired me with; tell the Empress I am at her feet. Make inquiries as to whether there are any old customs toward the Burgraves on the part of Sovereigns passing through Prague. See, also, what you might give, on leaving, to the city of Prague as a memento of your visit. Adieu mon amie, you know how I love you. I want to know you are well and very cheerful; tell me you have got rid of that nasty cold. Never allow anything ambiguous to be said in your presence about France and politics. Tout a toi. NAPOLEON. (Tomorrow: The “Grand Army.” (Copyright, 1935. In France by Bibliotheque Nationale: in all other countries by United Feature Syndicate. Reproduction either in whole or in part prohibited. All rights reserved.!

Germany will gain time and bargaining power. Baron Constantin Von Neurath, German foreign minister, told the writer last spring in Berlin that Germany would never return to Geneva until full equality had been extended to her in armaments and otherwise. Herr Hitler today says this equality must precede, not come after, Germany’s return. a a a BY playing Britain against France, therefore, Germany stands to gain enough time to win her point. Admittedly she will soon achieve the equality she seeks despite the Allies or the hampering clauses of the Treaty of Versailles. Then the League will even be anxious to have Germany back, just as it was glad to welcome Russia, because her presence at Geneva will be vital. Germany may propose going going ahead with the air pact, then dally with the other issues while time works for her. Britain, certainly, would like to get this part of the contract reduced to paper as soon as possible. France r-'ay have to go along. But n ven this half a loaf for France would be better than none at all. War is war, regardless of the weapons with which it is waged. If Germany attacks France, she must 'use planes. Planes would be her chief arm. Britain, then, would be bound to aid France in the air, and the very first burst of machine gun fire would mean England was at war with Germany.

Fair Enough TOWOMfIt IT Is a good idea of Huey Long’s to investigate James A. Farley's connection, if any, with public building contracts. Mr. Farley, if his hands are clean, should welcome the opportunity to come into the Senate and disprove Huey’s insinuations. So. all right, the investigation is on. But it is too bad that the members of the Senate. while they are at it, can not investigate Huey’s

dictatorship in Louisiana. Because there, my friends, as Mr. Roosevelt used to say in his radio talks to the nation, is the makings of a reign of terror such as ravaged Ireland a few years back when no man knew which friend might be his executioner as they sat about the hearth at night taking a nip of the creature and speaking their minds among friends. There is the beginning of a dreadful regime of spying and shooting, kidnaping and torture, ambush and raid such as no living man or woman believes possible in this country. Senator Long, the kingfish of

Louisiana, who demands an investigation of the Roosevelt political machine, which is Mr. Farley, has established in Louisiana a secret police force of unlimited numbers. They are payable out of the public taxes. They are comparable to the frightful porra with which Gerardo Machado terrorized Cuba. a a a Everybody's a Member Now! IN Louisiana today no man has any way of knowing whether his next door neighbor is a member of the secret police or not. When young Ernest Bourgeois, the leader of the Square Deal Association, recently held his first demonstration of force against Huey Long’s militia in Baton Rouge, he discovered that members of Huey's secret police had joined the Square Deal movement, sat in on its councils and tipped off everything They had tipped off roster, resolutions, plans and all to the secret police force. The secret police of I Louisiana are known as the Bureau of Criminal Identification. When your correspondent was in Baton Rouge last summer covering a special session of Huey’s personal legislature, the Bureau of Criminal Identification was a fingerprint bureau consisting of half a dozen employes. During this session, Huey's Legislature passed a routine bill, identified as a “clean elections bill” or a bill to prevent lotteries, which authorized the enlargement of the bureau to unlimited strength, with no limit on the pay roll. This law gave Huey Long authority to hire every underworld gunman and thug, every country hoodlum and crossroads loafer of murderous tendencies to harass or kill his enemies. It gave him power to bribe impoverished citizens to spy and squeal on their neighbors. When Ireland was in the throes there came a time when neighbor was afraid to speak to neighbor and even brother distrusted brother. Men slept under the hedges at night. Old women trudging the country roads were held up and tortured and killed. Children were trapped into admissions which betrayed their parents to the executioners. a a a Hitler IT’as the Same UNDER Huey’s dictatorship, a member of his secret police may walk up to a citizen in broad day on a public street in the presence of a thousand witnesses and blow his head off. There might be a trial, but in the improbable event of conviction Huey could issue a reprieve or pardon. A case of this kind occurred not long ago. One of Huey’s heroes had broken the skull of a political opponent and was tried and convicted. As the sentence was passed, Huey’s man sneered at the judge and pulled from his pocket a pardon signed in advance by Huey’s Governor. He walked out of the courtroom a free man. In Louisiana, Huey appoints his own men to the Supreme Court. He has authority to appoint Supreme Court judges in sufficient number to out-vote any honest members of the court and wreak revenge on his enemies. In the local governments, he has authority to appoint sufficient aldermen and county commissioners to out-vote the honest aldermen and commissioners. In Louisiana, Huey is Hitler and Mussolini, Machado and Stalin, and he is waiting only for the test to assert his power and start the killing. Up to now, this country has treated Huey as a joke, or at worst a nuisance. That was the way Hitler got started. (Copyright. 1935. by United Feature Syndicate. Inc.)

Today's Science BY DAVID DIETZ

PATENTS have been issued for 116 plants since Uncle Sam decided in 1930 that new plants were botanical inventions and could be included under the scope of the patent laws. For 140 years, the present patent laws have been in operation and during that time 1,750,000 patents have been issued. But it was not until May 23, 1930, that President Hoover signed the bill to amend the patent laws to extend their protection to one “who has invented or discovered and asexually reproduced any distinct variety of plant other than a tuberpropagated plant.” Some interesting data on plant patents has been assembled by Arthur D. Little, Inc., Cambridge, Mass. Plant Patent No. 1 was for an everblooming, climbing rose, which, appropriately enough, was named “The New Dawn.” Os the first 50 patents issued, about one-third applied to improved fruits and berries. The res; applied mainly to flowers, chiefly roses. Some climbing roses have been patented but most of the patents are for hybrid-tea shrub forms. One patent is for an improved mushroom, another for an evergreen barberry shrub. Luther Burbank’s heirs have patents on a number of his improved plums and peaches. a a a PATENT No. 19, which is for a dahlia, is held by Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes. The invention of new plants depends largely upon a process started moie than a century ago in England by Knight and known as “hybridization.” Until that time, plant improvements could be brought about only by “selection.” “Selection” meant that only the seeds of the choicest fruits or gains were preserved for planting the next year. When grafting was done, only branches .from the finest trees were used. By this system the excellence of plants was maintained and certain improvements attained. Obviously, the success of this sort of work depended upon the judgment of the plant breeder. Among the achievements of this type of work have been the Baldwin apple and the Bartlett pear. a a a PROGRESS in plant breeding came at a swifter rate once the plant breeders set out to produce hybrids by putting the pollen of one plant on the stigma of another. This is what is meant by hybridization. Os course, hybridization had always taken place, but it had been the result of the chance action of the wind or the action of flies or bees. All of the important recent advances have been brought about by hybridization. By it, plant breeders are able to incorporate the excellent qualities of many plants in one. By this technique. Dr. Bull developed the Concord grape incorporating in it the desired qualities of several anoestral strains.

Questions and Answers

Q—How much silver is there in a U. S silver dollar? A—Fine silver, .7734375 ounces. Q—How many conscientious objectors in the World War were sent to prison? A—Five hundred and eighty-two. Q—Where and when was Robert Donat bom, and at what age did he make his stage debut? A—Bom in Manchester, England, March 18,1905; his stage lebut was at the age of 7.

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Westbrook Pegler