Indianapolis Times, Volume 46, Number 234, Indianapolis, Marion County, 8 February 1935 — Page 17

It Seems to Me HEYWOD BROUN THE new* of the day as it makes It march acrces the pages of the papers is for the most part gloomy. in the stories which do not emanate from Flemington there 1* little on the light or the heroic side. Recent weeks have given us the tale of wrecks at sea and sharp changes in the course at Washington. The weather Is bitter and bad liquor is discovered to flow freely. In such times I am glad, as a parent, to pay my tribute to the comic strips. Not wanting to be partisan I will include them all.

In a sordid world these sharply drawn characters furnish the breath of hope and high resolve. Os course by now the phrase “comic strip" is not entirely definitive. Many of the artists are concerned with iomance and thrill rather than roustabout activities. But I am willing to include even the “glug! glug!” pictures as well as those of more Graustarkian flourish. To me it seems curious that we parents should have been for many years in sharp opposition to the funnies. Today they form ti; line between the adolescent and

Hr > wood Broun

the Hauptmann tnal. a a a An Alibi for Bathing THE comics of my childhood were a thin stream. Neither in volume nor in violence was there anything approaching the flood of our own day. It is my recollection that I came into contact with these emancipated folk only on Sundays. The daily strip was still a dream and on week day's the cross-exami-nation of Evelyn Thaw was the best the newspapers afforded for the taste of the very young. New York was moderately w**ll settled by the time I got born, and yet I can recall an cariy fear of wild animals. I read with too much avidity the jungle tales of Rudvard Kipling. One of the reasons why I bathed less than was expected of me was the lurking terror than when I turned on the tap in the tub a couple of cobras and a mongoose might pop out. It was the Sunday comic strips that cured me of my phobias. If the hero happened to get thrown to the lions you knew full well that the beasts w r ere hardly likely to inflict permanent injury upon any well-syndicated figure. The philosophy behind the comic strip has always seemed to me singularly high and noble. Like Molnar in “Lilliom.” the newspaper artist preaches that both the spiritual and the physical fiber of man are indestructible. I remember one episode in a comic strip in which a small boy fought off three gorillas, an elephant and a tiger and got for his pains no more than a slightly scruffed sweater. Such incidents gave aid and comfort to the young ego of us all. We grew up with the fervent belief that man can take a lot of punishment and still scramble to his feet again intent upon giving battle to all monsters of iniquity. Almost the chief factor m the development of today's hardboiled tots, who are one day to inherit the earth, is the comic strip. mam lie Doubts the Validity OF course, it does seem to me that at tunes the ■ kids go too far and are guilty of downright rudeness to guests who have a right to expect hospitality. But. like all tneir fellow's who live with them in the Sunday newspaper, they have endless courage and bounding health. Asa sophisticate (just for the sake of an argument*. I may doubt the validity of their adventures. Asa child I would have taken these things literally and might have found them tonic for a craven spirit. Careful parents give fairy stories to their children and keep away the comic strips, and that’s an error most lamentable. Os the brothers On mm I remember not so much except that they and i an old woman to death by roasting her in a slow-burning oven. Naturally, she was a w. ch. but how can anybody let children read such things and then complain at the innocent merriment of the comic strips and call them cruel? And Hans Christian Andersen was a man of gentle imagination and much charm. Still, he is a little morbid for the children's hour, and I did not always sleep so well after reading about some little match girl who froaa to death in a bitter Scandinavian blizzard. Andersen, at least, is a story-teller dealing largely with frustrations. Only a few of his ugly ducklings turn into swans. Not from him can the rising generation get the will to cry "Lay on, MacDuff'” There is no barrier on earth, in the waters or in the sky above them, against the functioning of the stalwart human spirit. That’s what the comic strips say. And if in years to come some noble one stands out and faces contumely for a good cause, it may be that in the beginning he seeped up courage and resolution from watching the bricks bounce harmlessly from off the head of some Joe Jinks. (Copyright. 19351

Your Health by dr. morris fishbein

(-X IRLS should never feel that they are in any way JT inferior to boys, when it comes to athletic activity. Modern hygienists have studied particularly the girl athlete and even their elders who have participated in such prolonged feats as 10-mile swims, airplane flights over long distances, and long distance running. Women, it is seen, also carry on hard man•*al labor for many hours a day. The modem girl differs little from the boy in phvsique. except for those functions of her body that have to do with childbirth. Girls play games and take strenuous exercise without any more trouble to their physiology than their brothers have. Since young girls have learned to come outdoors and take part in games and sports in the sunshine, a form of secondary anemia called chlorosis, which used to be exceedingly frequent, has disappeared. a m m AT the time when a Kiri undergoes the changes from childhood into womanhood, she must, of course, exercise special care. She should not be subjected at such times to undue mental or physical strain. Unfortunately, some girls develop a sense of inferiority because of their inability to participate in sports at certain times in their lives. They should however, be taught to have a healthy attitude toward this situation and to consider it as a normal disability. The girl should not let her attention be drawn too much to her normal disability. If. however, she is easily fatigued at such times, sha should not undertake serious or prolonged efforts. + maw PROFESSIONAL dancers and even professional swimmers among women do not permit themselves to forego their work, and most women in professional or industrial occupations carry on their activities without Interruption. If a girl suffers unusual disability, including incapacitation. she should realize that there may be some physical condition that demands attention and should be promptly cared for. In an older day physicians used to coddle such cases. Modern advice is to live the customary life. Including exercise, rather than take sedative drugs. Dame Louise Mcllroy, one of the most noted British women physicians, cures cases of pain at such times by recommending daily outdoor walks. This does not mean excess in physical effort. Excessive exercise and games that are too strenuous may be harmful not only to all reproductive organs of the body, but also to the heart.

Questions and Answers

Q—What are the most important plant* that are native in New Zealand? A—Timber trees, especially the varieties of pine (kauri, totara. rimu. kahikatea and matal) and the beeches. There are also large numbers of sod plants, ferns and fern allies and an extensive Alpine vegetation. Q— Is Stepm Fetchit a Negro? A —Yea.

Full Leaeed Wlr of “ho United Pres* J*c--f*tlon

Crime ... .... ......1.,'... an, .. nd Mr. Jarrett, presently ditch- " The information fitted in pre- in § dow ’ n in , TeXi * s * he lg Mr. Jarrett and offering to re- '&&***& * clsely with some knowledge they when at a tourist camp rnn the kidnaped Mr. Urschel for had acquired elsewhere. That made the false move Most of the $200,000 paid was Shannon, mother of Kathryn up a man. woman and child, an< ecovered (about SIOO,OOO in a Thorne Kelly, lived near Paradise, after they had struck up acquaint lermos can in a Texas rnttnn ' and that tCathrvn was the wife of ance. Kathryn, in the words of <

BY WILLIAM ENGLE Timet Special Writer " r hearts,” said Mrs. Charles F. Urschel. “Two spades,” said Mrs. Walter R. Jarrett. “Hands up and stay put,” said a suddenly present apparition equipped with a machine gun. The Urschels, of Oklahoma City, rich folks, were playing bridge on their screened front porch at 11:15 p. m. on Saturday, July 22, 1933, with their friends, the Jarretts, when they were thus interrupted, and the moment timed the beginning of a series of events which the Division of Investigation of the Department of Justice regards as its "perfect case.” "Which one of you is Mr. Urschel?” inquired the machine gunner, as an accomplice with a pistol joined him. No one answered. "AH right, come on, both ot you.” said the gunner, and from the hearts, spades and veranda of one of the city’s most spacious dwellings he marched Mr. Urschel and Mr. Jarrett, presently ditching Mr. Jarrett and offering to return the kidnaped Mr. Urschel for $200,000. Most of the $200,000 paid was recovered (about SIOO,OOO in a thermos can in a Texas cotton patch). Mr. Urschel, after a jading adventure, returned to his family. asm ttvIFTEEN defendants were con'd. victed and six received life sentences. And J. Edgar Hoover's men, the division of investigation special agents, who rounded up the motley group, caught not only some small fry but caught, too, Harvey J. Bailey, dangerous fugitive, child-minded gunman (in for life now) and George (Machine Gun) Kelly, mentally a psychopathic infant (in for life now), and his arrant wife, Kathryn Theme Kelly (in for life now). That much has been known for a long time, but behind the story is another one, of the part played by scientific equipment in solving the crime. A pluviometer started the Federal men on their way—a meteorologist’s modern device for measuring rainfall. Its incontrovertible record ot weather became convincing evidence. A basin catching drops of rain—the pluviometer—broke the case. Rain fell one day along the Ft. Worth Amarillo line of American Airways, and the record of it, found by the Federal men in the United States Weather Bureau at Dallas. Tex., eliminated Machine Gun Kelly and Harvey J. Bailey from the ways of other men for the remainder of their days. It happened that the rain fell on Paradise. Tex., and it was word from Paradise that finally was one of the factors that put the desperadoes behind steel bars for life. • a a THUS it came about. Four days after Mr. Urschel was taken away, and after Mr. Jarrett was ditched, the abductors made their first demand. J. G. Catlett, a wealth oil man of Tulsa, Okla., a friend of Mr. Urschel, got word from them. They sent him a note from Mr. Urschel and a note of their own: “Immediately upon receipt of

•The —— DAILY WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND By Drew Pearson and Robert S. Allen

WASHINGTON, Feb. B.—Ambassador Troyanovsky of Soviet Russia came down to the State Department smiling bouyantly to discuss Soviet-United States debts. After exactly four and one-half minutes in Secretary Hull’s office, he came out looking less bouyant, shrugged his shoulders and went home.

Some time later, out walked Assistant Secretary Moore, lean, bald, smiling quizzically. “The ambassador made rather a brief call,” newsmen remarked. "About as brief as woman’s love,” observed Moore. And that apparently closed a chapter in Russian debt discussions. * a THE low-down behind the Russian debt impasse is that the Soviet no longer has any real inducement for making a settlement at the high figure asked by the State Department. The real reason is France. On his way back to the United States. Ambassador Troyanovsky got word that France had given a huge block of credit to Russia with which to buy French goods. And no debt, settlement was asked by France in return. The chief reason Russia wanted a debt settlement here was to establish a credit. Now that she has a credit in France, the inducement has evaporated. Simultaneosly Russia has secured other things from France, particularly a political and militarv understanding regarding their potential enemies—Japan and Germany. At one time Roosevelt wanted Russian friendship because of the Japanese menace. Also Russia offered a vast market for American goods. But the State Department asked of Russia what no other country had obtained —recognition of czarist debts. The Soviet was willing to pay part, but not to recognize these debts, even despite the default of other European debtors. Now, due to State Department dawdling, it looks as if she would pay nothing.

The Indianapolis Times

this letter you will proceed to obtain the sum of $200,000 in genuine Federal Reserve currency in the denomination of S2O bills.” The note warned against preparation of a dummy package, and instructed Mr. Catlett to put a fake advertisement in the Daily Oklahoman to show his acquiesence. This he did and then received by mail instructions to take $200,000 with him on a train to Kansas City and toss it off the end of the observation car after seeing two fires along the track. The “G men,” government agents, who had been called in immediately after the kidnaping, were doing nothing to prevent payment of the ransom; their interest up to this time was to hasten the return of Mr. Urschel. Yet up and down the country “G men” were on the case—biding their time. Already the scientific machinery of the Division of Investigation was whirring. The ransom notes were focused in the beam of a parallel light from a carbon arc and through special lenses experts examined them to determine whether there were visible lights and shadows which might be deciphered as a reproduction of the handwriting on the pages of the pad which had lain on top of these. a a a CHEMICAL tests to reveal watermarks were made. The paper was measured by a device for revealing its size to l-100th of an inch. It \\as weighted on scales registering its weight to within 1- 56.000 th of an ounce. Meanwhile, Mr. Catlett took the demanded trip to Kansas City. On the way he saw no fires at all and so. following instructions, carried the money to a hotel, registered as R. E. Kinsaid of Little Rock, and waited for the orders he had been informed he would get if the plan went awry. By telephone he received them. A voice which said it was "C. H. Moore” told him to take the $200,000 out and walk west, and this

'T'HE World Court fight had a highly interesting by-product in the Senate. It was the reapprochement between those two veteran thunderers William E. Borah of Idaho and Hiram W. Johnson of California. For many years it was a Senate “secret” that the two men, while publicly on speaking terms, privately were far from cordial. They nev*r clashed on the Senate floor because they see eye-to-eye on all major economic issues. But there was a distinct coolness between them which dated back to Borah’s refusal to follow Theodore Roosevelt into the Bull Moose camp in 1912. Johnson was the late Republican President’s running mate in that campaign. Not even the historic League of Nations fight in the early ’2os and the first World Court battle in the winter of 1925-26 brought them together. They fought shoulder-to-shoulder in leading the opposition, but there was no change in their personal relations. What these two struggles and more than two decades of Senate association failed to accomplish, last week's court fight brought about. Faced with a situation in which they seemed leaders of a lost cause, the two battle-scarred warriors dropped their old feud and locked arms. A surprised Senate saw them holding frequent conferences and closely attending one another’s rhetorical attacks. And when the fight was over they rushed into a warm embrace, generously attributing to the other chief credit for the unexpected victory. (Oopyrigbt. 1535. by United Feature Syndicate. Znc.l

INDIANAPOLIS, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1935

he did, and thereupon heard a stranger in the darkness say: “Mr. Koncaid, I will take that bag. The title deeds to the farm will be delivered within 12 hours.” a a a SO the ransom was paid. And nine days after the interrupted bridge game, at 11:30 p. m., Mr. Urschel (who had been called “the title deeds to the farm”), opened his front door and stumbled inside. Now the “G men” snapped to action. They obtained from Mr. Urschel ah intricately detailed description of what happened to him through his nine scared days. They had him estimate how far he was driven, in what direction, describe the house in which he was confiried and recall that instead of typical urban sounds around that place the sounds were those of chickens, cows, and the whine of a pu’iey at an old-fashioned well. He remembered, too, that an airplane flew over every morning at 9:45 and in the afternoon at 5:45. He would wait until he estimated about 15 minutes had passed after the sound of the plane and then ask his captors the time; found out the schedule that way. “I would ask the fellow on guard the time,” he said. “He would laugh and say, ‘What the hell do you care what time it is?’ But he would tell me.” On Sunday, July 30, a heavy rain fell, and the plane did not go over. The ‘‘G men” seized that clew. nun WHILE others at a score of outposts were working on other clews, one group checked airplane schedules in the west. For days they scrutinized charts and maps; for days they cruised low in planes out of Ft. Worth; they questioned every pilot reaching Ft. Worth; they found there was but one spot over which a plane on regular schedule would pass at 9:45 and 5:45. The pluviometer and charts of the federal meteorologist in Dallas disclosed to them that at that spot on July 30 there had been a heavy rain and the plane schedules told them that the plane usually flying that route changed its course that day. So to that place they went, flying, and beneath them they saw cows, chickens, pigs and a shack that seemed to be the counterpart of the one where Mr. Urschel thought he had spent about a hundred years.

SIDE GLANCES

1 IMViI qgf, rs I ji | •11-jil •' /'* " ' 1*34 by NCA SERVICE, me. T. M. SEC. V. 9. PAT. OTP.'-

“I’m always kidding my old man about not knowing anything except how to make money.”-

The information fitted in precisely with some knowledge they had acquired elsewhere. That knowledge was that Mrs. Ora L. Shannon, mother of Kathryn Thorne Kelly, lived near Paradise, and that Kathryn was the wife of George (Machine Gun) Kelly, and also that Kelly quite likely might have been implicated in the crime. a a a SO a self-effacing, unaggressive traveling salesman, on the day after the house was discovered, dropped into Paradise—a “G man” —and to his inner delight ascertained that “the Shannon place" was owned by Mrs. Ora L. Shan- • non. He went out there on the pretext of saying that maybe he would be interested in buying, and there he saw a bucket, a tin cup, a baby’s chair and the farmyard denizens which Mr. Urschel had recalled to mind. There was no doubt it was the hideout; the next matter in hand was to nab those who had been hiding there. Two days later the Federal men, with detectives from Ft. Worth and Dallas, and with Mr. Urschel, made the raid that broke the case; they swept down on the Paradise shack and among the group they rounded up was Bailey, wanted at the Kansas State Penitentiary, there to finish a 50-year term for bank robbery. They caught him in the house and had handcuffs on him before he could turn to the machine gun at his side or hide his $llOO in cash, of which S7OO was ransom money. The machine gun, they ascertained, had been bought by Kathryn Kelly. So now, particularly, they wanted that blue-eyed and arrant hellion and her spouse. It was he who had said in the little shack, after the ransom had been paid, while blanching Mr Urschel had listened: “We’ve got the stuff. We’d better bump him off right here. He’s too damned intelligent. He’ll have something on us.”

S COVER THE WORLD ana a a a By William Philip Simms

WASHINGTON, Feb. B.—The civilized world today hangs upon a “yes” or “no” from Adolf Hitler. The future of European peace and world disarmament now rests upon Herr Hitler’s answer to the general invitation extended by Great Britain and France following their three-day conference at London. If he says “yes,” the peace of Europe will enter the most hopeful phase it has seen since the armistice. “Yes” means Germany will soon re-enter the League of Nations and take her place at the disarmament table at Geneva. World arms

By George Clark

Charles F. Urschel remembered that an airplane flew over nis farm house prison every morning at 5:45. His accurate memory played an important part in solving the crime, as did the scientists in the Department of Justice laboratory, Washington, shown above.

Kathryn, it is true, blasphemously ana vehemently, had protested against this, but she was in cahoots with the others and it was only fear among the captors, apparently, which saved the captive from execution. a a a FEAR, too, apparently drove the Kellys afar. They were touring down in Texas in the fall when at a tourist camp they made the false move that brought them life sentences. They picked up a man, woman and child, and after they had struck up acquaintance, Kathryn, in the words of a special agent’s report, made this strange break: “Mr. X, I am going to place a big trust in you. I want you to go to Ft. Worth and contact my attorney.” Mr. X did go and Mr. X’s daughter remained with Kathryn, and it was a chance word dropped by Mr. X that sent the “G men" back along his trial. They found, finally, that his daughter was to be returned to him a f Oklahoma City from Memphis rn Sept. 25. They grabbed time tables. They found that the train due to arrive at the given time was an express from Memphis. They boarded the train. They got the girl, identifying her by a photograph. She told them the folk she had been with —they were the Kellys—had been living in Memphis with someone known as “Titch.” The clew, “Titch,” led them to the home of J. C. Tichenor, Memphis, and the skies darkened over the Kellys. In the early morning of Sept. 2 the hide-out was raided. Detective Sergt. William Raney of the Memphis force confronted Kelly. Each had a gun. “You’re Kelly?" “Yes, Machine Gun Kelly.” Childish, melodramatic bravado to the last. “Drop that gun.” Kelly’s gun clattered on the bare floor. The next day (with the Kellys destined to get life sentences an unobtrusive young man —division of investigation credentials in his pockets—dug up from a cotton patch at Coleman, Tex., a thermos can containing $73,250, the Kellys’ share of the ransom, the .uoney which took from them forever their freedom. Tomorrow: The auto crash murder.

reduction, arms control and arms limitation, again become a possibility. If he says “no,” it means that Germany will keep on piling up her armaments, particularly chemical and air weapons, forcing Britain, France and her other neighbors to do the same, until something cracks and Europe is again smothered in blood. If he says “no,” Germany will almost certainly find herself encircled by a coalition of powers, including Britain, pledged to go to each other’s aid should she become an aggressor. nan SELDOM has no much depended upon one small word. Europe will not and can not disarm or limit her armaments unless and until Germany becomes a party to the general agreement. It is this that Britain and France are asking her to do. With her in, European peace seems assured for a generation. With her out, ar. explosion is just a question of time. Britain and France offer revision of the Versailles Treaty, something Germany has demanded for 15 years. If she refuses the hand now held out, she may have afl Europe against her. The most significant single thing about these negotiations is that Great Britain is playing a leading role. For years she refused to take France’s allegations of Germany’s rearmament seriously. She even pigeonholed a report of one of her own diplomats on that subject the first of last year. Last spring, however, she received confirmation from her own sources which so frightened the British cabinet that it literally did not know what to do. Its information was so startling that it was afraid to make it public lest it inspire panic and a public demand for hasty defense measures.

Second Section

Entered as Second-Class Matter at Postoffice, Indianapolis. Ind.

Fair Enough WESTBROOK PEGLER IT is too bad that certain moving picture concerns, animated by sordid commercial motives, had to introduce the single greedy, undignified note into the ethical symphony of the Hauptmann trial at Flemington, N. J. These incorrigibles took movies, with sound, of Bruno Richard Hauptmann under crossexamination, contrary to the otherwise serene distinction of the whole proceeding, and certain of them frankly acknowledged the profit motive. Then, in a spirit of the most abandoned impudence, these mercenaries refused a polite request

from Atty. Gen. David T. Wilentz that the offensive films be withdrawn from exhibition. It is quite discouraging, after the fine example of decorum and altruism provided by the newspapers, the radio companies and counsel in the trial, that members of the moving picture industry alone should refuse to play cricket. However, there is comfort in the fact that the conduct of the other industries and persons involved in the case has been uniformly too fine for exception. Perhaps it were better to remember these blessings and just pray that

the moving picture people may one day realize the brutal enormity of their offense and resolve henceforth to model their conduct after that of, say, the daily papers or counsel for the defense. a a a Here's Some Sarcasm THE newspaper treatment of the trial has been the highest example of restraint, conscience and public service within your correspondent’s experience in the press. Inspired by the purest motives and mindful of the sanctity of sober justice, the papers have imposed a rigid discipline upon themselves through the long hearing in Flemington. It may have been noticed, too, that only the regular staff reporters, or trained observers as they are called, have been employed on the trial to the exclusion of lady novelists, detective story criminologists, broadcasters, trained seals and all other professional miscellany whose essays might have had a tendency to distort or exaggerate the proceedings. If at the conclusion of the trial any newspaper should find that, despite its conscientious efforts, it has come through the period with a lift in circulation and a profit above the normal, the management will feel very unhappy about the extra circulation and will donate the surplus money to a school of ethics for the movie industry. Os all the attorneys in the case, Edward J. Reilly, for the defense, has established the finest record for dignity, professional integrity and decency. Perhaps the noblest act in all his deportment, if one may single out one instance from the general perfection of his conduct, was his unsupported insinuation that old Dr. Condon, the Jafsie of the ransom negotiations, at some early stage in his career had been disciplined by the New York Board of Education for wetting his lips and flaring his nostrils at females on the teaching staff. Still, Mr. Reilly’s expeditionary letterheads, bearing on the left margin a red drawing of the kidnaper’s ladder, the symbol of the case, is in almost equally good taste. So perhaps it would be better just to say that Mr. Reilly’s conduct has been perfect throughout and always conducive to quiet justice and the prestige of his honorable profession. a a a The Offense Is Forgotten THE radio companies in broadcasting the trial have been equally high-minded and governed strictly by a desire to further public education and public health. Consistent with this policy, they have sought to mingle their tidings with honest praise of a commercial commodity intended to assist digestion, promising a handsome educational booklet on the trial, replete with pictures, in return for a dozen coupons. If profit should accrue to the radio companies or the manufacturer of the little remedy that, of course, would be too bad and a great humiliation to them. Some moving picture companies, however, seem to have been insensible of any of the fine motives, ethics and feelings with which the trial was otherwise invested. Such companies took moving pictures of the trial for the same reason that they take pictures of rose festivals, the launching of coast guard cutters, and parachute jumps, namely, to serve their customers and make money for the executives and stockholders. These companies have not even the grace to pretend that this was done in the interest of justice, education, peace, the farmer or the rights of small nations. It is about the most cynical and callous act in the entire Lindbergh case since the original crime, which, incidentally, seems to have been some sort of kidnaping, although the exact nature of the offense has long been forgotten. (Copyright. 1935. by United Feature Syndicate. Inc.)

Today s Science BY DAVID DIETZ

MAN’S use of metals is 4000 years old. Man’s understanding of metals is less than 40 years old. The use of copper ushered in the Age of Bronze in 2000 B. C. Later, the ancient Egyptians and Assyrians learned to use iron. The Bible tells us that Tubal-Cain was an instructor in iron and copper. For centuries men have mined and refined ores, worked metals and made alloys. The Age of Iron was changed into the Age of Steel with the invention of Sir Henry Bessemer’s converter in 1856. But it was not until Roentgen discovered the X-ray in 1895 that mankind was ;n a position to understand metals and the achievement of this knowledge is entirely a Twentieth century triumph. The men who pioneered in it are for the most part still alive and hard at work. it a a THE X-ray, by revealing the location of the atoms iA pure metals and alloys has unraveled the mysteries which beset metallurgists down through the centuries. It was Prof. Max Von Laue in Munich in 1912 who first showed the way to use X-rays in the study of metallurgy. Other pioneers whose work was as important as that of Prof. Von Laue, were Sir William Bragg of London and his son, Prof. W. L. Bragg. In the forefront of institutions devoting their efforts today to the study of this field is the Metals Research Laboratory' of the Carnegie Institute of Technology. The director of this laboratory, though a young man, is a pioneer investgator in the field of metallurgy and has made many important contributions to it. He is Dr. Robert F. Mehl. The fundamental discovery of Twentieth century metallurgy, Dr. Mehl points out, was th&t all metals consist of crystals and that this crystal structure is the outgrowth of atomic arrangement. a a a IN the Laue method, a beam of X-rays was permitted to shine through a metal crystal onto a photographic plate which was sensitive to X-rays. The result was a pattern of dots in elaborate design, a diffraction pattern, to give it its technical name. In the Bragg method, a beam of X-rays was reflected from a crystal surface and the angle of reflection measured. Tfyese studies, Dr. Mehl points out, have revealed that the crystals of metals are made up of lattice structures, a sort of three-dimensional lace work of definite and regular pattern. The simplest lattice is that of iron. Here the unit of structure is the cube with an atom at each comer of the cube. In addition, there is one atom in the center of the cube. Metallurgists call this a “body-centered cubic” lattice. A second type of lattice also takes the form of a cube but with an additional atom in each face of the cube. Copper is among the metals whose crystals are formed of these “face-centered cubic” lattices. A third and more complicated lattice is a hexagonal type.

Em

West brook Pegler