Indianapolis Times, Volume 46, Number 230, Indianapolis, Marion County, 4 February 1935 — Page 7

FEB. 4, 1935.

It Seems to Me HEYWOOD BROUN AIT ACHING! ON Fob. 4 —Whatever anybody may VV choose to say about NRA it has produced a lot of oratorv. And this is not intended as a cynical observation because 1 do not believe that debating societies fulfill a useful function. To be sure, there o icht to be a point where talk debates and action cnmi galloping up with bugle calls. The drama or r rovery needs a little less dialogue and rather more ep: ode. It is as vet a play by Shaw in need of the vigorous collaboration of a Shakes-

peare. And yet the showmanship of much which is occurring now in the auditorium of the Commerce Building deser.es applause. The NIRB presents twice a day, and sometimes thrice, that perennial play of clash and struggle called capital vs. labor. The time is equally assigned and for each Roland of the employing group there is an Oliver of the opposition. Technically the players are suppos'd to be limited to a discussion of the employment provisions of NRA but many seek and gain far

H*-> wood liroun

rreaf r latitude. I hope it will not be construed as n)| i U I state the opinion that the repiesenta ive.' of labor are far more eloquent upon their feet than their adversaries. I speak simply from the standpoint of a drama. 0 0 0 Sympathy For the Underdog J7ROM the earliest days of drama every playwright J has realized that sympathy in any pageant goes instinctively to the underdog. There is the added factor that most of the prominent labor leaders have had far more training in oratory than the business executives. Manv a highly gifted industrialist is a little ill at case when he finds himself in the spot where it is not quite appropriate to say, ‘ Miss Snivt ns. will you take a letter?” The rougher training of huge music hall and the stimulation of an angry opposition has not often fallen within the experience of the average business men. Accordingly, there seems to be no dissent that up to date the show has been completely stolen by John L. Lewis of the United Mine Workers. Unfortunately I missed that session. When I sat in the best the house offered was a young man who read a long manuscript on lumber. I gathered that he felt Sam was not doing right by the men who sell it. The case may have been an excellent one. but it. was filled with differentials and elaborate statistics as to just how much the company lost each time it turned out a side of pine. In fact, I think it would be fair to say that the young man seemed to be very much discouraged with the whole business of turning forests into cordwcod. And this state of mind crept into his delivery. It was just a loss, loss all over the lot. In fact, I gathered that the gentleman in question was prepared to throw up his hands and let the spruce, the hemlock and the pine remain primeval. You might sympathize with the young man's predicament, but it wasn’t very exciting. I merely got the picture of his waking up at the usual hour and then turning over with the Joyful remark, “Well the lumber business has turned so sour that I might as well sleep on till noon and then short a couple of rounds of golf. In that there’s very little drama. 000 John L. Is a Power THE speech of John L. Lewis which aroused the critical praise of all the commentators does not sound like an extraordinary document to a reader. But I have heard John L. and know the power and persuasiveness of his personality. Even v.hen his theme is anthracite and wage scales the auditor ran not escape the feeling that Mr. Lewis is just about to piav Hamlet and play it to the hilt. Unlike most labor leaders he does not make sneeches of prodigious length—that is. not in word content. John L. Lewis is the finest orator I have evi r heard in the use of the dramatic pause. He can make a silence sing and even argue for him. When a point is made he allows it to sink in and theie is never any straying of the attention because he holds his audience with a gaze of extraordinary intensity. He peers out from under yebrows which should be the envy of every tragedian Walter Hampden is a Pomeranian in comparison to Lewis. And the voice has a ring and a richness which makes even a set of figures sound like a roll of drums. Asa matter of fact the head of the United Mine Workers very often leaves the statistical department to some subordinate. .. . „ . He fixes his eves upon the furthermost wall and seems to be looking beyond them even into everlasting hills. And then there rumbles out something su’h as, “hope deferred doth make the heart sore. And I may arid as a concluding tribute to the best much and tumble Demosthenes the A. F. of L. affords, when John L. Lewis is sore he is good and soie. (Copvricht. 1935)

Today s Science by DAVID DIETZ

WHILE the great 200-inch mirror is still cooling in the annealing oven at Corning, N. Y., astronomers are already dreaming of bigger and more powerful telescopes. The 200-inch telescope will be double the diameter and perhaps 10 times as powerful as the 100-mch telescope at Mt. Wilson, the largest telescope now in existence. But the Mt. Wilson astronomers have already drawn designs for a 300-mch telescope while Professor George W. Ritchey of the United States Naval Observatory has a scheme for five telescopes, each with a 315-inch mirror, to be built along new and revolutionary plans of his own. These he would see mounted in various latitudes continuously sweeping the whole heavens from the North to the South Pole. Money is the drawback to these plans, for the 200-inch, when finally mounted in its mountain observatorv. will represent a total investment in excess of seiooo.ooo. And nobody knows today where money for bigger telescopes is to come from. However, another group of scientists hopes to solve the telescope problem by substituting television me thods of amplification with radio tubes for big mirrors. Dr. Vladimir K. Zworykin of the RCA Victor Cos. and Dr. Francois Henroteau of the Dominion Observatory, Ottawa, are among scientists working on such schemes. These new developments in the field of the telescope are discussed at length by Mr. G. Edward Pendrav in his new book. "Men, Mirrors and Stars,” published by l'unk & Wagnalls at S3. nan THE progress of astronomy has been a joint venture in which the astronomer and the instrument maker have been partners. The star-gazer of the twentieth century could not have realized his triumphs without the magnificent instruments of the twentieth century. Often the star-gazer and the instrument-maker have been one and the same person. That was true in the beginning. Galileo made the first little telescope in 1609 and then proceeded to use it to discover the mountains of the moon, the phases of Venus, the moons of Jupiter, the rings of Saturn, and the structure of the Milky Way. Newton, who formulated the law’ of gravity, also invented and built the first reflecting telescope. n n n TODAY. Dr. George Ellery Hale combines the two professions. He invented the spectroheliograph for studying the sun and with it made many important discoveries, notably the magnetic nature of sunspots. However, the story of telescope-making is a great story in itself and usually its importance is not emphasized in books of astronomy. With the tremendous growth in amateur telescope making during the last decade and with the great public interest in the 200-inch telescope, the time was ripe for a book devoted to the telescope makers. Mr. Pendrav. who is science editor of the Literary Digest, has done the job in "Men, Mirrors and Stars,” and done it well. His book is authoritative, complete, excellently written and splendidly illustrated. It fill* a gap that needed filling upon the bookshelves of all readers who are interested in astronomy.

/ ... [. ii , ... mm „ .... iMuait I han .... ... an.r.1,1 Thus the end of a siory never g Sys Early in January, 1810. she parture for Elba, the story of a highest structure is Napoleon For interests*of ’The man who loathed and loved the the first time in battle he had felt ‘23m i M empire are at stake. I must conxst glamorous man in modern the sting of a bullet, even though suit them and not my feelings.” Historic letters, these, written had faced the knife of a Napoelon as he wnged war and would-be assassin. Napoleon is Wenzel von Mettermch, the vyjpWKaVy.g HPHUS Mane Louise at 19, a 40. He has no direct successor matchmaker i'well-developed, gray-eyed. Romantic letters these to the to the throne before vhich S reat \ JffSUfc brown-haired girl with the long -man for whom he renounced kings and princes must b ™' # the height of enjoying the rewards f SK e beautiful Josephine and for J<^ epbin ® ia mc ® pable of of his arms, now that the great Iformat of diplomacy mm he wave nn the seerpt motherhood. She had lied to him „ I Wi lor lnac 01 alPlomacyof h£ mistresses - about her age when he had mar- Bonaparte is looking for peace, no 1 i Now it is the end of January Significant Tetters these that ™d her, a guillotine widow with more wars. ? nd sb ® 15 back £ th ® Vl ? n * a she : the Sns Sts SleoS tw children a mistress of a gen- Napoleon's mind Is made up. He ■ SoS/the"Dan P ube°wheiT searchers long have sought to ral and of the powerful Paul divorce Josephine. He will Francis lof Austria, her father has forced another ienoble neace

I was at the height of power more power than any one man since has had. Marie Louise, eldest daughter of Emperor Francis of Austria, was 19. She had been brought up to hate Napoleon. To her he was the Corsican ogre. Then the destinies of diplomacy brought them together as man and wife. Thus the beginning of a story never was completely told. Four years later Napoleon was a fallen idol. The kings of Europe and their diplomats were gathered in the Congress of Vienna to reshape the map of Europe, as Napoleon so many times had reshaped it. Marie Louise and the son she had given Napoleon now were on the trading block of nations and kings. And thrown into the bargain was a packet of 318 letters Napoleon had written Marie Louise in their four years of life together and apart. Marie Louise made her trade. She would accept a duchy and a large income. She would renounce Napoelon and turn over to Austria his son, the tragic L’Aiglon of Rostand's play. And she would turn over the packet of letters fror.i Napoleon and all others that mi'.ht come from him. Thus the end of a story never was completely told. The story can be completely told only through the 318 letters. And it soon will be told for the first time in this newspaper by the letters themselves. Secrets of the old Austrian Kapsburg dynasty for 120 years, the letters at last have been obtained for publication, to round out the story of Napoleon from the height of power to his departure for Elba, the story of a woman who loathed and loved the most glamorous man in modern history. Historic letters, these, written by Napoelon as he waged war and lost. Romantic letters, these, to the woman for whom he renounced the beautiful Josephine and for whom he gave up the secret rooms of his mistresses. Significant letters, these, that are the missing secrets Napoleonic researchers long have sought to complete the historic picture of the Great Conqueror. To appreciate the letters one must know the story of Napoleon and Marie Louise as the world has accepted it and as it has, in parts, been authenticated. And to tell that story is to begin at the inception of this romance of intrigue.

—The DAILY WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND By Drew Pearson and Robert S. Allen

WASHINGTON, Feb. 4.—The decision of the Supreme Court on the gold clause—which the Capital breathlessly expects today—probably will be based on two things. One is Mr. Dooley's epigram, to the effect that: “No mather th’ Constitution follows the flag, the Supreme Court always follows th’ iliction returns.” The other is the background, the traditions, the life experiences of the justices. Probe into their youths, the environment in which

they developed, the type of law they practiced and you get a reasonably accurate gauge of how they line up now’. nun TAKE, for instances, the outstanding member of the conservative group on the supreme bench. Asa lawyer of 25, Willis Van Devanter, now’ 75. migrated from Marion, Lnd.. to the territory’ of Wyoming whose laws he helped frame, and whose vast virgin land he helped open as an attorney for the Union Pacific Railroad. It is not unnatural, therefore, than Van Devanter's opinions should be tinctured with rugged individualism. He is a fervid opponent of any vestige of government control. Justice George Sutherland, 73, usuall found with Van Devanter, also inherited his economic philosophy from the West's laissezfaire days. Asa Senator, Sutherland was known for his extreme conservatism, his unswerving party regularity, and his friendship with Warren Harding, who rewarded him with appointment to the court after Senator King defeated him. On the court, Sutherland has become famous for his opinion blocking the minimum wage, the child labor law, and every other piece of social legislation. n n n JAMES CLARK M'REYNOLDS,. 73, is the son of a small-town Kentucky doctor, who migrated to Tennessee. There he came to know McAdoo. who came from that state and who recomended him as Attorney General. Discovering Mcßeynolds nothing more than a small-town lawyer, Wilson got rid of him by promotion to the Supreme Court, where ever since, he has been the court’s most energetic fighter against social insurance. He will always be remembered for his undisguised rudeness to liberal members of the court. Pierce Butler, 69, is the son of Irish immigrants who settled in Minnesota when that state was in the heyday of its expansion and who made a fortune as legal champion for the railroads which traverse it. He wrote the decision overruling the state of Nebraska when it passed a bread weight law endeavoring to protect consumers from dishonest bakers. When Justice Holmes handed down the majority opinion in th* Virginia fftftriliia-

IT is 1809. Back from the war that welded his empire at its highest structure is Napoleon. For the first time in battle he had felt the sting of a bullet, even though a slight wound in the heel. And he had faced the knife of a would-be assassin. Napoleon is 40. He has no direct successor to the throne before which great kings and princes must bow. Josephine is incapable of motherhood. She had lied to him about her age when he had married her, a guillotine widow with two children, a mistress of a general and of the powerful Paul Barras of the Directory from which France had been rescued by Napoleon. Josephine may spy on him and catch him with his mistresses, she may weep and cajole him back to her side. But she can not have the son Napoleon wants as his successor, now that his empire is intact, now that Napoleon is at

tion of imbeciles case, proclaiming: "Three generations of imbeciles are enough,” the clerk added, ‘‘Mr. Justice Butler dissenting.” nun LOUIS DEMBITZ BRANDEIS, dean of the court in age, still carries more than his share of its work and is one of the outstanding figures in its history. A crusading Jewish lawyer, Brandeis spent his life mostly in Boston fighting the insurance companies. the railroads, and was appointed to the court by Woodrow Wilson despite a storm of conservative protest. Harlan F. Stone, 63, like McReynolds, was "kicked upstairs” from the attorney generalship, where he had shown too much activity in investigating the Aluminum Trust of his Cabinet colleague, Andrew Mellon. Benjamin Nathan Cardozo, 65, springs from a famous Jewish family of English-Portuguese extraction. His great-grand-uncle participated as rabbi at the inauguration of George Washington. Cardozo came to the Supreme Court of Appeals. He is a bachelor, one of the w’orst golf players In Washington, and reads Greek and Latin as a recreation. n n a PROBABLY it is not with these judges, however, that the final decision in the gold case rests. If the court runs true to form, it will be Chief Justice Hughes and Jusice Roberts who will tip the scales one way or the other. Chief Justice Hughes, now 72, is the court’s leading exponent of a moderate course. Perhaps the reason for this moderation is the complexity of his background. In him there appears to be constantly fighting his early crusading liberalism as Governor of New York and his more recent corporation practice when he championed almost every big business client who came his way. Owen Josephus Roberts, 60, the baby member of the court is, by training and environment, a conservative. He represented the Pennsylvania Railroad, the Philadelphia Rapid Transit and led a life which should have made him as reactionary as a Van Devanter or a Sutherland. But he is not. He has remained aloof and impartial. And it may have fallen upon him to cast the deciding vote in the gold case. (Copyright, IMS. by United Feature ftrwUMte, tooj

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

the height of enjoying the rewards of his arms, now that the great Bonaparte is looking for peace, no more wars. Napoleon's mind is made up. He will divorce Josephine. He will wed one of the daughters of the aristocracy that looks on him as a parvenu. It shall be the Grand Duchess Anna of Russia, sister of Czar Alexander, or it shall be Marie Louise, eldest daughter of Francis I of Austria, a Hapsburg sprung from the Caesars. The marriage not only will strengthen his political fences; it will provide a son of Napoleon. The wheels of diplomacy are started. It takes only a few months. The Josephine divorce is quietly arranged by the Cardinals Napoleon controlled. Napoleon's advisers lean toward Anna of Russia. Russia is his strongest ally. Remember, there is England to consider, a relentless England that never will accept Napoleon, that would find alliance with a snubbed Russia very easy. But Anna of Austria is only 14. And in Vienna the slyest diplomat of his age, Wenzel Von Metternich, ponders this. The hated Napoleon would wed Marie Louise. The proudest aristocracy of Europe, the Hapsburgs, would be united with the master of Europe—master, even if upstart. And the fact might mean a breach between France and Russia, Bonaparte’s strongest ally. Metternich dispatches Prince Schwarzenberg to Paris. Napoleon shall wed Marie Louise. Perhaps it is Metternich's wire pulling, perhaps it is Napoleon's impetuousness, now that his divorce is a fact. Russia insists on clauses, understandings in the marriage contract. Poland must not be restored as Poland. There are delays.

SIDE GLANCES By George Clark

bviWIWiW A 01 uauur*in

“Not now, darling, your father has got me all upset over the y> .Japanese situation*?

BUT it ends,as Metternich might have designed it. Napoleon chooses Marie Louise. And snubs Russia, because his answer to Austria was given while negotiations still were pending with the czar. Napoleon has made an enemy of an ally. And he has contracted for a wife who's memory contained only bitterness for Napoleon Bonaparte. Why this hatred? It has been instilled first by her grandmother, Caroline of Naples, from whom Napoleon has wrested vast territories. Marie Louise and her sisters have toy soldiers provided by Grandmother Caroline. There are white soldiers. There as Austrians. There are black soldiers. These are the French—the French who sent grandma's sister, Marie Louise’s great aunt, the lovely Marie Antoinette, to the guillotine. And in front of the black soldiers is a grotesque, ugly soldier. This is Napoleon, the Corsican Ogre, the upstart who has become emperor. Marie Louise plays a game, the outcome of which is always the same. The white soldiers triumph. The stubby Bonaparte is tortured with pins. Marie Louise has other reasons for hating Napoleon. Twice she has fled Vienna. For two years her life was flight from city to city as Napoleon’s men overran Austria in 1805 and 1806. Marie Louise is in flight again in 1809, even while Napoleon is signing the contract to marry her. She is in Ofen when court gossip brings her first word of negotiations for her marriage—to the man she detests. But hatred is not the only consideration. Her

strongest instinct is love for her lather. She always has understood her father would choose her bridegroom. She always has understood any bridegroom will be chosen not for her but for Austria. Early in January, 1810, she writes to her father. She knows she might be considered as a bride for Napoleon. She has met Archduke Francis and he can make her happy. But her dear papa, as she always addressed him, will know best. As the month grows older arid the Metternich intrigue deeper. Marie Lou.se's attitude is one of resignation. “I wish only what my duty commands,” she writes to Metternich. “When the interests of the empire are at stake, I must consult them and not my feelings.” 000 THUS Marie Louise at 19, a well-developed, gray-eyed, brown-haired girl with the long nose and thick lips of the Hapsburgs, sacrifices her own choice for that of diplomacy. Now it is the end of January and she is back in the Vienna she had fled when Napoleon’s troops surged up the Danube, where he has forced another ignoble peace on Austria and her father. Then, the day the announcement is made she is to be the empress of France, wife of the Great Conqueror she always had despised. Vienna recoils from the news. Crowds shout imprecations at the ogre. The stock market crashes. But a few days pass and Vienna finds good in this bad news. Perhaps it does mean peace; means no more Napoleo.i rushing up the Danube, cutting down Austria’s finest at another Aspern, another Wagram. The stock market goes higher than before the news. The court turns festive. And Marie Louise learns from the gossips that Napoleon had occupied her Schoenbrunn castle in Vienna, had entertained there openly the beautiful Countess Walewski of Poland. The count had oiled himself to her loss since she might do good for Poland with this handsome, stocky conqueror no one's army could stop. (Later Marie Louise was to learn that Napoleon’s son was born to Countess Walewski a year before her own.) And Marie Louise learns of other of Napoleon's women, the mistresses who went to his secret rooms in the Tuileries—Elenore Denuelle, Carlotta Gazzina, Mme. De Baudy, Mme. Graffini, Mile. Georges and some of the others. It does not matter. Marie Louise is a Hapsburg. She will be the empress. The mistresses do not matter. Only Austria and her father are to be considered. And in Paris, Napoleon proclaims fete days as he thinks of a son. He is told Marie Louise’s great-grandmother had 16 children. that her grandmother had 18, that her mother had 13. “That is the kind of a female I need to marry,” says Napoleon. Tomorrow —Married by proxy—and an unexpected meeting. TAFT’S SON TO SPEAK BEFORE CITY LAWYERS I Work in Arbritrating Labor Disputes to Be Topic of Address. Charles P. Taft, Cincinnati, son of the late William Howard Taft, former President and former Chief Justice of the United States, will speak at 6:30 Wednesday in the Columbia Club to the Indianapolis Bar Association on “Experiences as An Arbitrator in Labor Disputes Under the NRA.” A well-Known lawyer, Mr. Taft has served repeatedly as an arbitrator, notably in' Toledo last spring when a violent strike of automobile parts worsers threatened to spread to the entire industry. TRUCK HEAD TO SPEAK A. W. S. Herrington to Tell of Europe’s Military Setups. The present military situation in Europe will be described by A. W. S. Herrington, president of Mar-mon-Hemngton Cos.. Inc., a firm which manufactures trucks suitable for military purposes, at the Scientech Club luncheon tomorrow at the Board of Trade. DEMOCRATS TO MEET Cosmopolitan Club to Hear Address by Mrs. Nicholson. The Cosmopolitan Democratic Club will meet at 8:15 tonight in the Palm room of the Claypool to hear Mrs. Roberta West Nicholson speak. Dr. Will H. Smith Jr. is president.

Fair Enough MROOMIR \\ WASHINGTON, D. C., Feb. 4 —The mystery of * ’ the disappearance of the handsome, handpainted portrait of Al Fall from the Department of the Interior is just as puzzling as ever and it is no exaggeration to say that the police are still baffled. Mr. Fall will be remembered as Warren G. Harding’s Secretary of the Interior who turned over the government oil lands to some old. personal friends as Senator Huey Long recently turned over to some old. personal friends a concession to drill fifty wells

in the state oil fields of Louisiana On Senator Long's part this concession was a practical step toward the sharing of the wealth and it seemed quite appropriate that he should inaugurate this plan by sharing the wealth of the state with his old, personal friends. He has made no boast about the benefaction, however, and may be waiting* until he has something worth while to report, such as the sharing of the rich prostitution and lottery concessions in New Orleans with his old, personal friends. The Senator's friends in New Or-

leans have been making a courageous fight for the prostitution " i nd lottery concessions within the city and have practically ruined both businesses in the course of the battle. When the conquest is won. however, and business resumes bigger and better than ever, the concession should amount to one of the greatest wealth-sharing projects in Louisiana. 000 He’s Xo Amateur TF at some future time, the Senator's friends A should decide quietly to share with him the wealth of the oil fields which he nas been kind enough to share with them, that would be no more than fair. After all nobody ever successfully accused Senator Long of being an amateur. Unfortunately for Al Fall, he held office and shared the wealth with his frit .ids long before that euphemistic phrase was invented. Asa result, Mr. Fall was accused of parking near a hydrant and sentenced to a year in prison. According to an old custom, when Mr. Fall left office and before he was convicted of illegal parking, an artist was commissioned to make a hand-painted portrait of him to hang in the corridors of the Department of the Interior as one of the gradually, but inexorably rising accumulation of government art treasures. These treasures are divided into two general groups, oil paintings and statues. Oil paintings are found more convenient nowadays as statuary comes under the heading of durable goods and is becoming a serious problem of storage. Many statues hate been distributed in the public parks and efforts have been made to hide them with shrubbery, but this is only a season relief as they come into view again when the leaves fall and remain conspicuous until spring. In this connection a fine patriotic act by the du Pont family of Delaware may be reported as an offset to any ill will which may have been engendered during the hearings of the Nye committee to investigate the munitions industry. For years, one of the most terrible statues in Washington stood in du Pont circle, a figure of Admiral du Pont, with which nurse maids used to frighten disobedient children Then, one aay, the admiral’s statue disappeared and a fountain took its place. Years vent by and children who had been frightened by it were growing up norma! But. one day a middle-aged citizen of Washington was driving through Wilmington, Del., and rounding the corner of a park or square, emitted an insane shriek, wrecked his car against a tree and collapsed, 000 Tender Care, Whisky Helped p'OR many months he was confined in a sanitarium, screaming, “The statue; the du Pont statue.” But tender care, quiet and plenty of pure, nutritious whisky finally restored his mind. He was warned, however, never to go back to Wilmington and his terrible experience there is the reason why Washmgton people who were children when the statue of Adimarl du Pont stood in the circle always take the detour past Wilmington in driving to New York. The Wilmington people are not affected by the statue as Delaware is entirely populated by du Ponts and the old admiral looks normal to them. After Mr. Fall was convicted of parking by the hydrant—another indictment for carrying a lighted cigar on a street car was dismissed for lack of evidence—some one in the Department of the Interior felt the humiliation so deeply that the old painting was secretly removed and became a national mystery. Since then, thousands of pictures have been acquired by the government through the Public Works Administration which last year hired thousands of artists to paint pictures of the American scene with no topics barred except Al Fall and ladies without any clothes. In the office of Stew Godwin, alone, the press agent of the department, there are four of these public? art treasure'i, believed to be pictures of trees. It is not known exactly what phases of the American scene they represent but art experts have assured Mr. Godwin that there is nothing in them suggesting either Mr. Fall or any ladies without clothes. Still, it is desired to And the missing portrait of the man who shared the wealth with his friends long before Senator Long ennobled the practice as a humane, social reform. The picture was expensive, being strictly hand work throughout and, with the addition of whiskers, could be made to serve as a national art treasure depicting Rutherford B, Hayes or Congressman Tinkham of Massachusetts. (Copyright. 1935. by United Feature Syndicate. Inc.)

Your Health - B* UR. MORRIS FISHBtIN

ABOUT 80 per cent of impressions come to us through our eyes. Asa result, conservation of the eye is of utmost importance for every child. It is particularly important for those children who happen to be handicapped through loss of hearing, by crippling, or by mental defect. These must substitute their eyes for other senses. Thus, the child who is hard of hearing must learn to interpret movements of lips and facial muscles. The crippled child, being unable to move, has to use his eyes as a substitute for agile legs. Other children run about; the eyes of the crippled child must bring the world to him. 000 TD break through the cloud which obstructs the intellect of the mental defective, the sense of vision is exceedingly important. Since most children come first to public attention in the classroom, teachers in schools bear a heavy responsibility for detecting eyestrain and visual defect. The moment they observe any inflammation of the eyes of the child, occurrence of frequent styes, spasms of the eyelids, or twitching of the facial muscles, they should call it to the attention of the school physician, provided one is available. In many cases, chilcjen who seem to be unable to learn to read or write, or who seem to lack in concentration, fail because of inadequate sight. 000 NOWADAYS there is a standard of eye hygiene. This involves good natural lighting, adequately supplemented by artificial lighting on dark days. It involves desks which will not reflect the light from a shiny desk top into the child's eyes, and, if possible, a fiexible seating arrangement in classrooms so that no child will sit in its own shadow. “Good lighting.’ says a specialist, “and a consciousness of its lack; well-printed books; eye rest periods; all the many factors which go to make up a program of eye health in the classroom are of no avail, if they do not become part of the child'* own We.”

PAGE 7

Westbrook Pr-Sler