Indianapolis Times, Volume 46, Number 229, Indianapolis, Marion County, 2 February 1935 — Page 7

FEB. 2, 1035

It Seems to Me MOO D BROUN 'T'HE trial at Flemington has at last inspired one •*- story which seems to me both fascinating and important. I refer to nothing which happened in the courtroom, but to the publication of the prediction made by Dr. Dudley D. Schoenfcld more than two years ago. The psychiatrist through Freudian deductions suggests anew sort of detective work more subtle and searching than anything ever achieved by Sherlock Holmes. I predict that an entire new type of mys*ery novel may be based upon

this single episode. But this, of course, is merely a byproduct. What interests me more is that Dr. Schoenfeld by means of a bravura bit of showmanship has done much to meet the charge that the lew psychology is not practical. It seems to me that Dr. Schoenfeld understood Hauptmann better before there was a Hauptmann, in the public sense, than any of the commentators who have been present at the trial. It is possible that these brilliant predictions may lead to an entirely new system ox both crime investigation and prevention. Surely we

1

Harwood Broun

have made very little progress in quelling anti-social action by insisting that the chief function of the court should be to de* ermine precisely what happened and pretty much leave out all study of the motivation. a a a Many -Ire 'Warped' IKNOW that it is generally believed that crime may be greatly diminished if all offenders are duly apprehended, quickly placed on trial and punished by death or incarceration upon conviction. There is very little evidence to support this contention. Certain kinds of crime are almost invariably committed by persons mentally warped in one way or another. Most of these deviations do not as yet fall under the legal definition of insanity. It will be useful to the community to extend the field. One may be insane in a very definite way and still comprehend completely the nature of his acts. And until we have a better understanding of the sort of psychology which makes for certain types of rrime we are in no position to prevent them. Indeed there are mental states in which the probability, or even the inevitability, of the death penalty upon conviction acts as a lure rather than a deterrent. In this lies the real danger of the excessive dramatization of murder trials. Unstable folk may just as readily identifv themselves with criminals as with heroes. Avery small change in the thought formula may induce certain overly plastic people to plav lone wolf instead of lone eagle. In the light of this belief I deplore the point of view expressed a couple of days ago by Carl W. Ackerman, dean of the Columbia School of Journalism. According to the press reports Dean Ackerman declared that not since the World War has there been so important an illustration of the practical, “and necessary relationship between public opinion and the administration of justice in a democracy.” ana Hope for the Perfect Crime f WONDER if Dean Ackerman seriously means to say that freedom might crumble for the lack of a string of photographs showing the position of the defendant's hands during his wife’s testimony on the stand? Is it really true that our Democratic institutions are being defended by the mob of idle sensation seekers standing on radiators and tables to get a better view of Mrs. Hauptmann? “In any national crisis involving the security of the family,” Dean Ackerman is quoted as saying, “the newspapers car; not justly be accused of overplaying’ the news urtii government, by administrative action, by legislation or by judicial procedure, makes a recurrence of the cause of the crisis impossible or improbable.” . . , Now in the first place it is extremely far-fetched to assume that the jurors in Flemington are dealing with “A national crisis involving the security of the family.” The twelve men and women have been chosen to decide whether a oarticular defendant is guilty or innocent of the charges brought against him. To suggest that the Tate of the family rests with them is to hint very broadly that somebody must be punished whether it be the guilty one or not. , . . 1 see no reason to believe that kidnaping will be greatly diminished no matter what verdict the evidence may dictate. On the contrary I gravely fear that the Flemington circus has unloosed such powerful morbid forces that we may have to deal with a greater rather than a smaller amount of crime. In most instances kidnaping is among the most risky of all crimes. Whoever took the Lindbergh baby was not moved wholly by the hope of profit. The lure of 'the perfect crime” psychology could not have been absent. Otherwise ”hy would the culprit pick the best known baby in the whole United Stales? And now we are asked to believe that by a perfect deluge of spectacular publicity we hope to deter all the warped-minded from following their phobias. I will assert that there are more things in heaven and earth than are dreamt of in the psychology of any courtroom. .Copyright. 1935)

Your Health

B\ DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN

ALTHOUGH jnuch medical attention has been given to high blood pressure, there is still doubt as to factors which enter into this process. One imestigator has listed five groups of factors which may be concerned in a rise in blood pressure. These include substances which circulate in the blood, stimulations coming from the nervous system, mechanical factors that operate to affect blood vessels. infections and sensitivities to various substances and constitutional factors, or inherited difficulties. A number of chemical substances which circulate in the blood are known to affect the pressure. Guanidine. is one, although the mechanism by which a residue of guanidine occurs in the body is not clear. Cholesterol, in which certain food substances are very rich, is another substance. a a a USE of both alcohol and tobacco has been claimed to be responsible for high blood pressure, but high blood pressure among women frequently occurs when there is no record that the women have ever smoked or taken alcohol. Os particular significance are those investigations which deal with secretions of tl*e glands, such as adrenalin and pituitrin. There is good evidence that both of these substances can raise the blood pressure. Os late, studies have been made of the part played bv the nervous system in causing high blood pressure. Many persons with high blood pressure have increased pressure under emotional strain. a a a HIGH blood pressure also may be induced by changes in the kidney and genito-unnary system. but this is not fully understood. Relationship between infections and sensitivities and high blood pressure has also been the subject of investigation, because there seem to be certain cases in which these factors play a part. Os great significance are hereditary factors, because a family history of blood vessel disease has been found in 68 per cent of a group of such patients. The result of all these investigations is an indication of the fact that high blood pressure, as it commonly occurs in persons past middle age. is a condition brought about by many different causes. Questions and Answers Q—How many passengers did the Class one railroads of the United States carry in 1932, 1933 and the first six months of 1934? A— 1932—478 800.122; 1933—432,950.000; 1934 (January to July) 261,610,000. *

THE SUPREME COURT WEIGHS GOLD Industry Faces Chaos if Clause Is Upheld by'High Tribunal

A SUPREME COURT decision upholding the feold clause would spell chaos for the Federal, state and municipal governments. It would be a catastrophe for corporations. The gold clause indebtedness of the government—Federal, state and municipal—totals more than $28,000,000,000. The gold clause debts of corporations total more than $37,000,000,000. The governments could meet the increased burden of a 69 per cent increase in debt by whatever increased taxation were possible. The corporations would have to help pay the increased taxes. In addition they would have to meet a 69 per cent increase in their own debts. Ihe result for thousands of corporations would be bankruptcy before the end of 1935. They would nave to help bear a total governmental debt increased

from $28,711,668,730 to $48,512,580,969. After that they would have to bear an increase in their own total debt from $37,000,000,000 to $62,530,000 000 The only possible way the corporations could get the additional money needed would be to increase the prices of their products and services. But, as pointed out yesterday, the increased taxation levied by the governments to obtain the additional money needed for governmental debts would decrease the purchasing power of the people by just that much. How would the corporations be able to increase tneir prices in a market in which purchasing power was being reduced? However, disregard the fact that taxation is already absorbing more than one-fifth of the national income and that any increase will reduce the money available for business. Suppose the purchasing power of the people stays at the present level. The outlook would be ominous enough. The railroads owe a total gold clause debt of $11,836,000,000. A decision upholding the gold clause would increase that to $19,992,830,000. The annual interest would be increased from $591,800,000 to $980,142,000. But the railroads were unable to pay even the $591,800,000 during 1934. a a a W. lAN MACK, New York World-Telegram financial writer, estimates them deficit, after all charges, tota.ed some $13,000.000 during 1934. If they must now pay 69 per cent additional interest a year, $388,342,000, their deficit for the next year, on the basis of 1934 operations, will total $401,342,000. How long would they be able to stand that? Or to put it another way, what are the railroads of America worth if their debt is increased to $19,992,830,000 on a total valuation of about $27,029,000,000? Public utilities would be just as badly hit. Their present debt totals about $14,740,000,000 on a to-

—The DAILY WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND By Drew Pearson and Robert S. Allen

WASHINGTON, Feb. 2.—The Diplomatic Corps, long famous for the brilliance of its receptions, the satire of its dinner tables and the delicacy of its morals, has begun to live again. During depression years, it barely existed. Salaries were reduced, entertainment-allowances cut, some legations left without an envoy.

The flow of champagne diminished to a scarcely visible trickle, and caviar was chewed as cautiously as diamond dust. Those gloomy days are now over. The lift in the depression plus the devaluation of the dollar did it. Diplomats are now coming out of their shells. They even smile occasionally. Here are some of those who attract the most attention in Washington's social and political whirl. a a tt SIR RONALD LINDSAY, His Britannic Majesty’s Ambassador to the United States, has a somewhat dull exterior under which he hides the abilities of a first class diplomat. He is dean of the Diplomatic Corps and the tallest ambassador Washington has ever seen. His trousers come almost to his armpits; he plays a snappy game of tennis; and he is married to a school-girl friend of Mrs. Roosevelt. Because he hates the limelight which other diplomats love, Sir Ronald is supposed to have more brawn than brain, which is not the case. He is cordial, simple, sometimes even frank. When embarrassed by an indiscreet question, he replies: “Well, really, I dont know anything about it. You know, these days ambassadors are nothing but the letter boxes of their respective governments. a tt FELIPE £SPIL, ambassador of Argentina, sometimes is referred to as “the friendliest enemy” in the Diplomatic Corps. The description is derived from the fact that he has opposed the United States on almost every commercial ploicv it puts forth in Latin-America and yet remains in the hignest esteem of the State Department Espil came to the United States as a voung lawyer 20 years ago and has virtually grown up here. He knows the Un:.ted States as few foreigners, in fact, as few Americans, know it. He has an American wife to whom he .s so devoted that he will scarcely go out to lunch without her. And yet he continues to be an ever alert fighter for the rights of nis country. He walks four miles around the Speedway every afternoon, has his clothes tailored in London, and sometimes is called the Mona Lisa of the Pampas. tt a tt DAPPER Augusto Rosso is the baby of the ambassadorial family, having just passed the 44th milestone. Mussolini never takes into consideration length of service and age. hence Rosso's appointment to one of the prize posts in the Italian service. A bachelor, despite Mussolini’s orders for all men to get married, Rosso does not entertain lavishly. But his simple manner has gained him more friends in Washington than any other European representative. He loves a good game of bridge and between bids can draw more important political information from his fellow players than if he went to the State Department twice a day. The New' Deal interests him more than America's foreign policy, which he believes will remain as obscure in the present as it was in the past.

tal valuation of about $34,988,000.000. The debt would be increased to $23,500,000,000. The annual interest on the debt would be increased from about $737,000,000 to $1,645,536,000. This increase would wipe out the estimated $417,000,000 profit the utilities made during 1934 and leave them some $91,000,000 in the red. , Industrial corporations would come off a bit better. Their present gold clause debt is about $lO,443,000,000 on &. valuation of about $85,518,000,000, which includes about $22,218,000,000 surplus available for emergencies. The debt would be increased to $17,648,670,000. The annual interest now runs about $626,580,000. It would be increased $432,240,000 to $1,058,820,200. The total profits made by the industrial corporation during 1934 are difficult to estimate, but 815 made only $702,000,000. It is evident what the 69 per cent increase in annual interest requirements would do to dividends. The effect on corporate business Mr. Mack has summed up as follows: “Corporations would be forced to advance their prices. As a result, the disparity between finished goods prices and farm values, which has been narrowing for the last year, would tend to widen again, thereby reducing the purchasing power of the farmer. Such a development would restrict demand for industrial w’ares, with the result that unemployment on a large scale would ensue.” a a a IT would be a topsy-turvy world. The average investors might assume that a decision upholding the gold clause would make any gold clause bond a good buy. Theoretically, the decision would make every SIOO bond w-orth $169, with corresponding increase in the interest. Therefore, all bonds should advance in the markets. Actually, according to Mr. Mack's studies, many bonds would tend to decline.

OSWALDO ARANHA is one of the few ambassadors Brazil has sent to this country in recent years who has cut any swath whatsoever in the capital. The others were famous for their hair dye, their pet cats and their amours.. Aranha comes from the cattlepunching district of southern Brazil and punched his way into fame by leading the revolution which put the present Brazilian government in power. After that he was able to dictate the job he wanted, and became first Minister of Finance—the hardest job of all —and then ambassador to Washington. Although a comparative stranger and handicapped by his scanty knowledge of English, Aranha already stands out as one of the forceful diplomats in the corps. (Copyright. 1935. by United Feature Syndicate, Inc.)

TRIAL OF BANK HEADS NOW SET FOR MAY 6 Continuance Granted Accused Meyer-Kiser Officials. The date for the trials of Julian J. Kiser, Sol S. Meyer and Ferd S. Meyer, former directors and officers of the defunct Meyer-Kiser Bank, was reset for the second time yesteray by Alexander G. Cavins, special judge in Criminal Court. The trio will be tried on embezzlement charges May 6. Defense attorneys requested the continuance on the grounds that Sol Meyer was ill in Florida and could not return to this climate until warmer weather. Last week Judge Cavins changed the trial date from Feb. 4 to Feb. 11. NEW BUSSES REPLACE N.Y.’S OLDEST CAR LINE Madison-av Line Out of Service After 103 Years of Operation. By United Press NEW YORK, Feb. 2.—The oldest street car line in the world had gone out Ox existence today after 103 years of service on Madison and Fourth-avs. The line started as a horse car system in the days when pedestrians complained they w'ere in great danger of being run down by the new-fangled contraption. *■ It gave way today to sleek, streamlined motorbusscs which are estimated to be about 1-2000th as noisy as the trolley. ROBINSON TO LECTURE Former Senator to Address Church Group Tomorrow. Arthur R. Robinson, former United States Senator, will tomorrow night at the Tabernacle Presbyterian Church, 34th-st and Central-av, on "The Challenge Confronting the Church Today.” The Tabernacle vested choir of 50 will sing two selections from Rossini's Stabat Mater.” Church to Hold Benefit Party The Altar Society of Sacred Heart Roman Catholic Church will give a benefit bingo party at 8:15 tomorrow night in Sacred Heart Hall, S. Meridian and Palmer -sts. (

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

——— — ■■gzzrzf.*'.' 1 ■ .■-.> ,n. „.. „

Soon the Supreme Court will be housed in this magnificent temple of justice near the Capitol . . . where it is now considering decisions on the gold clause and other vital New Deal laws. . . . Justices entering the new building will pass beneath the solemn inscription: “Equal Justice Under Law.”

“Few bond issues other than obligations of the government would advance to reflect the 69 per cent increase. . . . There is every possibility of widespread bankruptcies among corporations.” In other words, who is going to buy gold bonds of corporations which can not be expected to meet the increased interest requirements. In many cases it would be a case of increased value meaning no value at all. From a detached viewpoint, there is economic comedy also in the sudden awakening that would come to those corporations now doing a thriving export business and showing purported profits in 59 06-cent dollars. Take the automobile idustry, for example. During the first nine months of 1932 the industry exported only 35,190 cars at an average price of $495, or a total of $17,419,050. That was before devaluation of the dollar, of course. The $17,419,050 represented gold. During the first nine months of 1934, owing to devaluation of the

GARDEN CLUBS WILL DISCUSS HOWE SHOW Landscaping for Exposition House Is Topic. Representatives of Indianapolis garden clubs participating in the 1935 Home Complete Exposition to be held April 5 to 14 in the Manufacturers Building, Indiana State Fairground, will meet Monday night at the exposition headquarters in the Architects and Builders Building. Speakers will be Donald B. Johnston, landscape architect for the show; Andrew Miller, representing the Park Board, and Leslie Ayres, architest for the model house at the exposition. Mrs. Eugene Foley will preside. Mr. Ayres has announced that as an additional feature the model house will be placed in a setting simulating a street scene in outlying residential districts of the city. LOGANSPORT WOMAN IS BURNED TO DEATH Clothes Ignited by Stove in Repetition of 1900 Accident. By United Press LOGANSPORT, Ind., Feb. 2. Thirty-five years ago, John Purdy’s wife was burned to death W'hen her clothes caught fire from a kitchen stove. Mr. Purdy employed Mrs. Louise Taylor as housekeeper. Yesterday Mrs. Taylor, 71, was burned to death when her clothing caught fire from the same stove.

SIDE GLANCES By George Clark

■ -• ■ -- . 'f-\

'‘Maybe you’d be telling your family the truth. Cheese up An 4 aee if business is in any shape for you to. leave j j vjasfe

dollar, which made it possible for foreigners to buy American cars with less gold, the industry exported 118,818 cars at an average price of $525, or a total of $62,379,450. la the books of the company that shows up big, but the $62,379,450 in 59,06-cent dollars are worth only $37,426,730 in gold. a a a jn brief, during 1934 the companies received only $315 in gold for each car, as compared with $495 in gold in 1932. As long as all books in America are kept in 59.06-cent dollars that discrepancy does not quickly become apparent. But suppose now that the automobile companies must re-estab-lish their debt books in terms of 100-cent dollars. They will soon realize that SIBO less per car in gold does not help much to meet gold debts suddenly increased 69 per cent. America is off the gold standard, with the dollar down to 59.06 cents. For a year now all corporations have been trying to do

I COVER THE WORLD a a a o a u By William Philip Simms

WASHINGTON, Feb. 2.—Uncle Sam’s isolation, expressed in the Senate by the cry “To Hell with Europe!” was another step nearer the absolute today. Relations between the United States and the Soviet Union, begun with such promise at 10 minutes before midnight on Nov. 16, 1933, today were abruptly strained. The billions of dollars worth of Russian orders that American

farmer* and manufacturers hoped to get in the next few years had vanished in thin air, and the trustees of the Export-Import Bank were deciding “whether or not there is any good reason for continuing the existence of the bank.” The answer can scarcely be other than “No.” The bank, organized for the express purpose of financing business with Russia, has never done a nickel’s worth of business with that country. tt a THERE are reports that Ambassador William C. Bullitt, now in Washington to take part in debt and trade negotiations between Secretary Cordell Hull and Soviet Ambassador Alexander Troyanovsky, will soon resign. Instead of a grandiose embassy in Moscow, and a staff of 150 or more, today it was more likely that a skeleton organization composed 'of one-tenth that number would be authorized. Under favorable conditions, said W. L. Clayton of Clayton & Cos., Houston the world’s largest cotton concern, 500,000 bales of American cotton could be sold annually to the Soviet Union. That vision today went glimmering. Russia’s minister of foreign affairs, Maxim Litvinoff, said his government was ready to order a

business on that basis. But where does the nation stand in relation to the gold standard, and where are the corporations if nearly two-thirds of all the debts in this country are put back on the gold standard? A Supreme Court decision upholding the gold clause would introduce a riddle to rival the famous ‘‘lady or tiger.” To most business men it would sum up: Are we on gold, or off gold, or where are we, anyway? If the court does uphold the gold clause, business men can at feast expect quick action for relief by Congress. The Federal government must refinance $1,970,000,000 of Fourth Liberty bonds within the next few months. If the court decides the bonds are worth $1.69 per dollar few holders, .even the banks and insurance companies, will be willing to exchange for non-gold clause bonds. Therefore, the Congress can be expected to take immediate steps to neutralize any decision declaring abrogation of the gold clause unconstitutional.

billion dollars worth of manufactured goods and raw materials, provided it received adequate credit facilities. That prospect has gone by the boards, so far as America is concerned. a tt DAVID OSTRINSKY, American economist and student of Russia, estimated thjat a Russian market for $5,000,000,000 worth of American goods is available during the next decade. It does not seem so now. Russia today is at the beginning of a program of expansion such as the United States witnessed after 1850. American business had hjped to participate in this gigantic development. Today that hope exploded like a toy balloon. France and Great Britain, on the contrary, seem to have the inside trac£. Without raising the question of Russia’s pre-w T ar debts, France has quietly arranged to finance approximately .‘570,000,000 worth of trade with Russia. And that may be followed by credits of a like amount. Britain, also, has just sold $6,000,000 worth of goods to the Soviet Union and is angling for more. . The collapse of Russo-American trade negotiations may have some connection with the above. The Export-Import Bank, organized as a Government institution expressly to finance trade with Russia, refused to lend Russia a nickel until she settled with the United States. Beyond the fact that the Soviet Union and the United States do not agree, the reason for the sensationally sudden collapse of negotiations is still a mystery. Plainly, arrangements which France and Britain deemed satisfactory with Russia were not satisfactory to the State Department. Yet Czarist Russia owed Britain and France $lO for every one she owed this country. The future of Soviet-American relations is in the balance. Still within the State Department are the same forces which opposed Russian recognition from the first. What will happen, only time can tell. APPROVE FIREARMS BILL Rifle Club Asks Use of Guns for Sportsmen. Approval of H. B 78, which provides the right of firearms for sport and protection but punishes their use by criminals, has been given by the Hoosier Rifle and Pistol Club in a letter to Rep. Henry J. Richardson (D., Indianapolis). The club urges enactment of the measure but disapproves of H. B. 50, which makes no distinction between possession of firearms by citizens and their possession by criminals. WINS ESSAY CONTEST Technical High School Senior Is Awarded Legion Prize. “The Constitutional Convention,” an essay by Mary Mae Endsley, Technical High School senior, won first place in the Constitution essay contest sponsored by the HaywardBarcus Post of the American Legion. Miss Endsley will receive a bronze medal for her essay, which was judged best of 10 submitted.

Fair Enough HWECIR Tl/TANY of our editorial writers, charged with the solemn d'-ty of making the people think they think, appear to have a mistaken idea of the character and activities of Harold L. Ickes, Secretary of the Interior. Mr. Ickes is the house dick of the New Deal and, as such, he carries a police whistle that knows no brother. Like all house dicks, Mr. Ickes is inclined to cynicism, for a man engaged in this line of work necessarily sees much in human nature that is not

nice. In forming an opinion of him, therefore, it is a good idea to consider the character of the enemies that he has made. Mr. Ickes is known as a bad Republican and no Democrat whatever. He is one member 6f the Administration who appears not to care whether Mr. Roosevelt is reelected and the only one who actively interferes with James A. Farley’s amazingly frank campaign to make a more or less benevolent Huey Long of Mr. Roosevelt and a Louisiana of the entire United States. If it were not for Mr. Ickes'

suspicious nature, recovery would be restricted to deserving Democrats only and high technical jobs in the PWA and positions of trust involving the expenditure of huge sums o:' deficit money wouid have been filled with regard for none but the political qualifications of the applicants. There might be an erfst side bookmaker and railbond broker officiating as chief surgeon in a government hospital, a county-seat lawyer and tax-lien shark making motions as a chief engineer, a broken-down congressman supervising a staff of bartenders in the preparation of architectural plans for a ten million dollar housing project. tt tt tt Ickes Gets the Thanks T>UT for Mr. Ickes’ cold indifference to the party regularity of Democratic statesmen sitting in tha halls of the good sacred heritage on Capitol Hill, there might be a navy yard at the headwaters of Persimmon Fork, N. C., a set of custom-made Alps in Florida and the most magnificent scandal that ever you did smell in the ever fragrant city of Washington, D. C. Far from reproaching Mr. Ickes, Mr. Farley and the Democratic statesemn who are cross at him for placing his whistle to his lips and blowing shrill blasts of alarm, should recognize that if the New Deal has been kept comparatively honest during the expenditure of more than three billion dollars, thanks for this are due to the house dick. One member of Congress was much upset because he could not get a SIOO,OOO postoffice in a town of 500 where a suitable postoffice could be rented for S2O a month, including pork. Another statesman sent in to Mr. Ickes the names of 57 deserving Democrats of his district for jobs in the FERA alone. Mr. Ickes finally got so that, with all the work he had to do. he couldn't be bothered or spare the time to hold personal interviews with all the specimens of political wild life who called to see him about jobs for deserving, though useless. Democrats who wished to serve their country in the crisis by helping to spend the three billion and odd. This affronted the dignity of the statesmen and made muggs of them in the eyes of their constituents back home who naturally assumed that there would be positions of importance, entailing good pay and nominal duties, fo’- one and all who had voted Democratic. There is no dignity as touchy as that of a statesman and no humiliation as pathetic as that of anew member from Squash Hollow who promised his people a high school containing a movie theater bigger than Roxy’s and a swimming pool the size of Lake Huron and then finds that he can’t get in to-see the man who has the money.

Farley Will Grab the Job OF course, Mr. Ickes would be a better house dick and more help to the Administration i/ he could keep the deserving Democrats comparatively honest and avoid hurting .heir feelings, too. But statesmen are so greedy and so insistent on getting theirs, regardless of the state of the country, that a man with a sensitive feeling of patriotism sitting in his job can be understood if be betrays a loathing for the whole grasping tribe Being a bad Republican and no Democrat, Mr. Ickes is not much interested n Mr. Farley’s problem of providing more and more jobs, after the manner of Huey Long in Louisiana, so as to secure Mr. Roosevelt’* re-election at the climax of the campaign which may now be regarded as well under way. Less than that is he concerned with any ambition of Mr. Farley, himself, to become Governor of New York. Mr. Farley has his duties and, for the sort of man that he frankly purports o be, namely, a spoils politician, he *s the most consistent and effective and the least hypocritical A all. Jobs, delegates, votes and re-election are his business and he will take any job that is not defended by Mr. Ickes’ police whistle and give it to a deserving Democrat. (CoDvrieht. 1935. by United Feature Syndicate Inc.i Today s Science BY DAVID DIETZ TWO gold medals will be awarded by the American Institute of the City of New York when that organization holds its annual meeting on Feb. 7. One will go to the Rev. Julius A. Nieuwland of the University of Notre Dame for his discovery of a process for making synthetic rubber. The other will go to Dr. Carl D. Anderson jf the California Institute of Technology for his discovery of the positron. The medals are among the oldest awards in the United Sttaes, having been established shortly after the organization of the institute 107 years ago. The recipients of the medals this year are among the most interesting figures m the world of science. Dr. Anderson, not yet 30, made his discovery of the positron in Dr. R. A. Millikan’s laboratory in Pasadena while working on cosmic rays. Dr. Nieuwland, whose title at Notre Dame is professor of organic chenjistry, is also a bontanist. He is a priest of the Roman Catholic Church. He wa3 born in Belgium in 1878. but grew up in the United States, having been graduated from Notre Dame in 1899. He obtained his Ph. D. from the Catholic University in 1904. a a a THE oil proved to be divinyl acetylene and to have characteristics for rubber making superior to any substance then known. Dr. Nieuw’land converted it into a rubber by addition of sulphur dichloride, but the rubber was foo plastic for practical use Asa result of a report presented by Dr. Nieuwland at a convention of organic chemists, the E I. du Pont de Nemours Cos. Decame interested in his work. It was apparent that he nad solved problems which hnd baffled them. Accordingly, they made arrangements to take over >.he commercial development of his work. They found that the gas which Dr. Nieuwland had not identified was monovinyl acetylene. This, it will be seen, is very similar to the oil which he had identified. This gas was easily changed Into chlorobutadiene, a substance differing only slightly from isoprene, the parent substance of natural rubber. a a tt DR. ANDERSON, the discoverer of the positron, was Dorn in New York on Sept. 3. 1905, the only child of Swedish parents The family moved to Los Angeles and the boy Attended public schools there. He distinguished nimself during his undergraduate days at California Institute of Technology and remained to do graduate t esearch'under the direction of Dr. Millikan, obtaining his Ph. D. in 1930. It was in 1933 that Dr. Anderson discovered the existence of the positron. He was then engaged in experiments with a Wilson ray track apparatus in which the tracks of cosmic rays were made luminous and hsice visible. i

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Westbrook Pegler