Indianapolis Times, Volume 46, Number 227, Indianapolis, Marion County, 31 January 1935 — Page 7

JAN. 31, 1935

It Seems to Me mooii bm MY rizh* to di.-cuss American opera may be chal- . lenged for cause since I admit that my favorite music drama is ‘ Madame Butterfly” and even so I mu t protest at the curious nature of the themes self* • and by our native composers. It would be unfair. perhaps, to insist that no American opera should be accepted at the Metropolitan unless it d* alr w;’h Union Square or a Kansas cornfield. And yet t th places might, furnish an excellent locale. Indeed, offhand. I think of Willa Cather’s "My Antonia” as superb material for a

librett.st. Nor need we deal wholly in theory. The musical comedy founded on Edna Ferber's “Show Boat" i much closer to my idea of what American opera ought to be than anything which Mr. GsttiCasazza has done. The point comes up because c>f the news accounts of the latest native work to be produced. John Laurence Seymour's short opera is : In the Pa:,ha's Garden." For all I know if may be swell, but I am alienated by the synopsis of the story. Surely there must be, somewhere.

Il> \ wood Broun

b* tter plots than this old flubdub about the husband, the wife and the lover and "hide in yonder trunk.” In this case the trunk I buried in the garden which Is most unfortunate for the man inside. And that goes to prove. I suppose, that it is better to stand your ground and say, "I was waiting for a street car. 800 ricks Millstone to Millionaire IT is not wholly accidental, I believe, that American composers and librettists have sought their themes m ancient Briton, in Du Maurier’s Paris and in a pasha’s garden. The pallid quality of these productions can be traced, perhaps, to the hothouse atmosphere under which and for which they are nurtured. Manv nave argued that without great individual holdings of wealth many art forms would languish. Certain rich men have sought to justify their estate in the community by buying paintings, endowing plays, collecting vases and supporting the opera. But I think that in the world today the touch of Maecenas is quite as deadly as that of Midas. The new theater which inhabited the now defunct Century was doomed from the start because it was handed down from the top. When the great ones of the land start handing out culture the general public has an uneasy feeling that somewhere in the basket there is concealed a cold turkey leg, a jar of cranberry sauce and a bag of flour. They fear, and have a right to fear, that they are being patronized. And in all truth most of the artistic handouts have been decidedly cold turkey. Indeed I have known not a single painter or author whose work did not suffer when some wealthy friend, with the best intentions in the world, began to take an interest in him. It is better to hang a millstone than a millionaire around the neck of a creative artist. a a a }\ luj Xot Save the Opera? IF the objection is raised that there must be some source of support for the artist who has ample talent and slight recognition the answer is easy. It should very properly be the function of the government, both municipal, state and federal, to foster the fledglings. Such aid as has been extended in recent years has certainly not been unprofitable. On various projects throughout the country the government has received absolutely first class work for rather meagre stipends. As far as I know’, practically no help at all has been extended to unemployed writers but the painters of the land have had a little aid and have been stimulated by it. And this I do not regard at all in ihe light of patronage. Taking money from Uncle Sam is quite a different thing than going around hat in hand to the salons of Mrs. Augustus J. Schnickelfritts-Schnickelfritts. On government projects the artist is working for the public and being paid by the public and what could be fairer than that? I do not think it fair to wave away all such suggestions on the ground that they are born out of a wholly visionary radicalism. State theaters and opera houses are not unknown in countries which are far from socialistic. Surely, the golden horseshoe has never brought the Metropolitan any great amount of luck and I read with a certain disaffection the news that some vast sum had been spent to get more red plush for the music temple. I am aware that these sums did not come out of the save-the-opera-fund to which we were all allowed to contribute. Certain rich men made these gifts on their own. But in that case why didn't they save the opera themselves? After all it is their toy. (Copyright. 1935*

Today s Science BY DAY 1 !) DIETZ

HOW the force of gravity has played the major role in determininig man’s shape and size is pointed out by Dr. R P. Wodehouse, well known scientist. Yonkers. N. Y. Because of the force of gravity. Dr. Wodehouse points out. three worlds exist side by side upon this earth of ours, the shapes and forms and characteristics of the inhabitants of each determined by the relationship between their size and the force of gravity. The three worlds are the world of gravity walkers, the world of easy flight, and the world of floating and sticking. This new classification is picturesque and striking. It awakens new avenues of thought and clarifies many phenomena. Man. as Dr. Wodehouse points out, belong to the world of gravity walkers. Because volume increases as the cube whereas cross-section increases only as the square, volume and therefore weight increase much more rapidly than surface. This means that nature has put a handicap on bigness. a a a NATURE'S tendency. Dr. Wodehouse continues, is to make all things as symmetrical as possible. But this tendency is thwarted in the land of gravity walkers by the force of gravity which is a one directional pull. In consequence, gravity walkers developed a top and oottom. and since they nad to move forward at right angles to the force of gravity, a front and back. The only symmetry possible to them was bilateral symmetry or a “right and left” symmetry. They show this symmetry. The world of easy flight is a world of smaller things, things so small that oody weight is no longer an important problem. Indeed, it is not even enough to give sufficient traction for moving on two or four feet. The world of easy flight is. of course, the world of insects. Here we find feet provided with hooks or suction disks. a a a THE third world, the world of floating and sticking includes spores and pollen grains. In this world, no wings are needed. Dr. Wodehouse points out. because objects are so small that when they are free they float. The force of gravity is not sufficient to pull them down against the slightest current of air. Whenever they touch an object, they stick to it. because the force of gravity is not sufficient to pull them loose. Since the force of gravity is here uniyiportant. Nature has full play to obtain symmetry. Top and bottom front and back, are no longer important terms. Hence we find most objects in this world modeled upon the sphere. Q —By what other names are cougars known? A—Puma, panther, catamount, mountain lion and American lion. Q —Name the United States Secretaries of the Interior since 1920. A—John B. Payne, 1920: Albert B. Fall. 1921; Hubert Vfrork, 1923; Roy O. West. 1928; Ray Lyman Wilbur, 1929; Harold L. Ickes, 1933.

rpHE SUPREME COURT WEIGHS GOLD from Liverpool in It days, she could make ili’ fjjtfil 4m*.MUM Mil I*the Horn other ship. THE gold clause is inextricably linked with the so-called gold stand- jft V l"lfl 1 (fl| WW Tiff ffll 1 / ard. From 1816 to 1914 the latter placed an apparently immutable lasS 11 H 1 1 jf€ 2* lap II | Isa ill is aal S f /alue upon gold in terms of all currencies. . . W SmSm A%UwI A VA* AJr #A* Al’4# 0 I j|jr The truth of the matter is that thert never was a gold standard as popularly conceived, or any natural value of gold. There was only a J* . England had to suspend gold pa alue for gold as set and maintained b • Great Britain in terms of the ' ... „ i-j: x -t .:Jt % ments. jound sterling. r Tb ' patriotic American lender in demanding gold was merely ytyjjwMWW# basis from 1917 to 1816. By th laying, although few of them ever realized the fact, that they had ""' year enough gold had returned nore ft- th in British money than American money. Great Britain ■■■:' : : 'i the nation to allow the rulers :ould have raised or lowered the value of gold in terms of all currencies lltf- Maptfirenf, Fast Sailing and iantrilr packfl Ship, establish anew monetary systei it any time during most of the nineteenth century. __ " v 'jari -Zgf- m jgjg §jg 0 gg|gjj| They adopted the so-called go Few persons realized that then. §2 mpSII j§fr® ■ IS ,■ H® standard, but retained the poui tnd few compared the issues in- “Britain went on to a gold MM R| Hk jay , W£ sterling as the real money, or t! 'olved even now. Lenders and bor- standard in 1925 under the de- 9 Mm &J§ SL IF ■■ §f 898 Mr money-of-account, of the natic owers alike seem to have believed lus.onthatbecau.se it bore the l : 90? gg£ 9 • 99 || Jgf§| 9SI They did not base money on intil quite recently that the value designation of ‘the gold standard,’ wwa | winiM aims Apw weight of gold, but ordained th .f gold in terms of all currencies it was identically the same as the the value of gold should bet! ras a natural thing, not a man- pold standard from which she had same value at which the go iged thing. Jeen forced bv the war in 1914 ' ’ r,M ’****"'~■ mM guinea had associated with t! It was partly recognized that Seven long y ears of depression and IOtK ItfOlTCllitoeF M©SCt 1 * torlin * from 17 1 4 tO , 175 he purchasing value of gold in disaster and a very narrow escape ' *.. r- That i ave S° ld a fixpd value erms of commodities might vary from ruin was the price paid for m r jTTjfa gym'rff (MSB £3 17s, 10’i and, or $20.67 an ounc rom year to year because of the this delusion.” KM§S i# u * u arying supply of the commodi- What Sir Charles is savine here - 'M WJK WMJM M’ M& BU. WW/MBB ies It was not recognized that, is that up t 0 i 914 whcn t h e rest of oaXorth Wafer SheoL Wharf. R *** £ S J*

BY EARL SP/XRLING Times Special Writer THE gold clause is inextricably linked with the so-called gold standard. From 1816 to 1914 the latter placed an apparently immutable value upon gold in terms of all currencies. When Ameiican money lenders after the greenback inflation of 1860-1864 began demanding that debts be paid in gold of a specified weight and fineness, they thought they were obtaining a value beyond human hands to change. Any government might change the value of its currency. No nation could change the world value of mined or minted gold. That clearly was the theory that persisted among debtor nations, including the United States, throughout the nineteenth century and right up to the World War. The truth of the matter is that there never was a gold standard as popularly conceived, or any natural value of gold. There was only a value for gold as set and maintained b ’ Great Britain in terms of the pound sterling. Tb ' patriotic American lende r in demanding gold was merely saying, although few of them ever realized the fact, that they had more ft th in British money than American money. Great Britain could have raised or lowered the value of gold in terms of all currencies at any time during most of the nineteenth century.

Few persons realized that then, and few compared the issues involved even now. Lenders and borrowers alike seem to have believed until quite recently that the value of gold in terms of all currencies was a natural thing, not a managed thing. It was partly recognized that the purchasing value of gold in terms of commodities might vary from year to year because of the varying supply of the commodities. It was not recognized that, if the British government so decided, the value of gold could be changed in terms of all currencies —that is, with no internal increase or decrease in the amount of the currencies and with no increase or decrease in the amount of the world’s gold or that of any nation. a a a * I ’HE history of the so-called gold standard is interesting and extremely revealing. It originated in England, and it evolved by accident. The accident gave England an enormous economic and industrial power. For nearly a century there was only one gold standard in the world; it was operated and managed by England to England’s advantage. Today England is off the gold standard and finds herself at the mercy of two other gold standards, the French franc gold standard and the American gold standard. And if you have an idea that that does not mean anything to Englishmen who so long were able to dominate the economic world with a pound sterling gold standard, listen to that well oriented Britisher, Sir Charles Morgan-Webb: “It is a fallacy that there is one particular gold standard, and one only,” he writes. “There are innumerable possible gold standards. The assumption that the widely divergent standards of currency masquerading under the name of the gold standard are identical has recently brought the word to the verge of ruin.

-The-

DAILY WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND —By Drew Pearson and Robert S. Allen—

WASHINGTON, Jan. 31.—The revolt against Roosevelt’s workrelief bill disclosed a behind-the-scenes rebellion among supposedly loyal Democrats which has Administration leaders worried. They won't admit it, but thev are. And they have good reason to be. The session is less than a mmith old. The measure was only the opening gun of the President’s legislative program. Yet on this first—and what was considered easy test, the fires of

insurgency flared so fiercely that the House leadership saved its face only by making material concessions. . The White House always expected trouble in the Senate. But the House, gagged and curbed, was to be the trump card up its sleeve. In this chamber, acording to inner council strategy, the Administration would put through legislation in the form it desired, then hold the House as a bargaining club over the Senate. But with the House kicking over the traces on the first showdown the efficacy of this set-up becomes extremely uncertain."” It is true that on the major issue the President's demand that no strings be attached to the $4,880,000,000 appropriation the Administration was able to hold its line. But it did so only after resort to everything but the use of “brass knucks.’’ a a a •pE\V diplomatic appointments A recently have caused as much concern as that of Antonio Gonzalez, American minister to Panama. He was a Farley appointee, and soon after he was appointed, the State Department began to wish Farley had never seen him. In fact. Gonzalez was the one thing about Panama on which the State and War Departments agreed. Both wanted him out. The State Department eien hinted to some of Secretary Dern's army officers that they should take the lead in asking for his removal. But Jim Farley was adamant. “Gonzalez delivered the Puerto Rican vote for us in New York City,” proclaimed Jim. “and we're going to take care of him. You can find him another job if you want to. but you can’t fire him.” So that was what the State Department did. They found Gonzalez another job—that of minister to distant Ecuador. But to do it they had to transfer the minister to Ecuador to Colombia, the minister to Ven-

“Britain went on to a gold standard in 1925 under the delusion that because it bore the designation of ‘the gold standard,’ it was identically the same as the gold standard from which she had jeen forced by the war in 1914. Seven long years of depression and disaster and a very narrow escape from ruin was the price paid for this delusion.” What Sir Charles is saying here is that up to 1914 when the rest of the world was on the British sterling gold standard Great Britain prospered, but that after the war when Great Britain had to go on the American dollar gold standard, Great Britain did not prosper. 808 HE says that quite plainly later or. in his recent book, “The Rise ar.d Fall of the Gold Standard,” which can be transliterated as “The Rise and Fall of the British Sterling Gold Standard.” “Britain’s withdrawal from the gold standard (in 1931 after borrowing millions from America and France in an attempt to stay on it) was regarded by the orthodox as an act -of financial blasphemy. The golden fetish had been flouted. “The world at large was filled wdth apprehension of the fate that would overtake Britain now r that she had defied golden superstition. But Britain was undismayed. Her exuberant expression of relief and delight at being rescued from her degrading position ‘under the harrow’ was regarded by her believers as verging on the indecent.” In other words, during the nineteenth century when America and other nations were ‘under the harrow’’ to Great Britain, the pound sterling gold standard was a miraculous instrument of international finance. When the World War changed the United States from a debtor to a creditor nation and enabled Americans to institute a dollar gold standard, to which England

ezuela to Panama, and the minister to Paraguay to Venezuela—all to take care of Jim Farley’s votegetter. a a a TTTAITING reporters, senatorial * secretaries, clerks and stenographers suddenly were bustled out of the Senate Banking Committee. No explanation was given for the forced exodus. When the room was cleared the transom over the outer door was even slammed shut. Obviously a very important confab was about to take place. Newsmen waited impatiently. Finally, the door was opened and the secretary of the committee emerged. The reporters made a rush for him. “What’s up?” they demanded. “Oh, nothing special. Jim Farley and Jesse Jones wanted to confer and asked for privacy.” (Copyright. 1935, by United Feature (Syndicate. Inc.i 27 ARE HONORED BY MANUAL GIRLS' CLUB Masoma. Honorary. Organization Names New Members. The Masoma Club, girl’s honorary organization at Manual Training High School, has admitted 27 girls qualified for entrance through their scholastic rating and executive ability. Mrs. Ruth H. Shull is faculty sponsor of this group. The girls chosen included Marjorie Amt, Louise Bourgonne, Aileen Brazeal, Marie Haynes, Helen Hogan, Edna Hollowell, Velma Iverson. Jeanne Johnson. Maxine Merrick, Marie Moates, Dorothy Newel, Eva Oswald, Sara Passo, Caroline Patnick, Margaret Postma, Clarice Reimer, Ruth Reimer, Iva Mae Studebaker, Mildred Walther, Adeline Weaver and Vernie Warrenburg.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

was forced to tie, the gold standard became a “degrading” thing. 808 NOW let’s see how the original gold standard, the English pound sterling gold standard, came into existence. England’s money for centuries was silver, and the unit of value was a pound of pure silver, originally divided into 20 shillings. It w’as an unstable money because the value of the shillings depended on the varying market value of a pound of sterling silver. Conduitt, who succeeded Sir Isaac Newton as W’arden of the mint, estimated that the value of the W’eight of silver had varied seven times with reference to its currency value during the five years, 1713-18. It w’as also unstable because the various English rulers constantly debased the coin. King Henry VIII so debased the silver coinage during his reign, for example, that when Queen Elizabeth took the throne the national money was 60 per cent below par. On remelting it to establish it, Queen Elizabeth used the slag, we are told, to mend her roads. Piracy and the violent acquisition of mines in various parts of the world gradually increased England’s stock of gold. From an early time gold was struck into coins, but the gold coins for centuries w’ere a sort of luxury money. And for most of that time the English had enormous difficulty keeping gold coin in circulation at

HAUPTMANN GOVERNOR, SCHOOL PUPIL WRITES Third-Grader Confuses Bruno With Gov. Hoffman. By United Press • TRENTON. N. J„ Jan. 31.—1n an examination in the third grade of a Paterson school, one of the questions was: “Who is the governor of New Jersey?” One pupil wrote: “Hauptmann is governor of New Jersey.” The governor is Harold G. Hoffman.

SIDE GLANCES By George Clark

■ 19358. >.cscc> :e‘f: t m swroff.

“We haven't met one really interesting person. We may as well have stayed home.”

the exact value of the pound sterling. From 1544 to 1604 the gold pound had been reduced in weight from 200 to 171 grains. The odd thing, never completely explained, is that gold, despite the government’s steady reduction, gradually went to a premium in England. A given w’eight became w’orth more there than anywhere else in the world. The gold guinea became w’orth 30 shillings in England, but in France it was W’orth only 20 shillings. The French, and most other peoples, preferred silver. Therefore England shipped silver rather than gold in settlement of debts. B tt tt THERE was a steady drain of silver from England to the other nations until eventually there was virtually nothing but gold left in the realm. In 1730 Conduitt made his famous announcement, so strange to modern ears: “Gold is as much a measure as silver, and as legal a tender.” Then came the French Revolution and the Napoleonic wars, and there w’as a sudden demand on the continent for any kind of money to be had, gold as well as silver. The guinea increased in value externally, and there was a drain of gold. In 1790 the gold coinage in England totaled £25,000,000. By 1797 the gold had been so drained from the country that the Bank of

I COVER THE WORLD nan a a a By William Philip Simms

WASHINGTON, Jan. 31.—Unless the curse of Solomon and Sheba prevents, the bloody field of Adowa, where 40 years ago, come March, Italy suffered one of the most humiliating defeats in all her history, may soon be avenged. The Rome accord between France and Italy calls for co-operation between these sister nations in northeast Africa, where both have colonies, and in Abyssinia, now bordering on a state of war.

England had to suspend gold payments. England remained on a paper basis from 1917 to 1816. By that year enough gold had returned to the nation to allow the rulers to establish anew monetary system. They adopted the so-called gold standard, but retained the pound sterling as the real money, or the money-of-account, of the nation. They did not base money on a weight of gold, but ordained that the value of gold should be the same value at which the gold guinea had associated w’ith the pound sterling from 1774 to 1797. That gave gold a fixed value of £3 17s, iota and, or $20.67 an ounce. B B B BY changing the banking rate when necessary and by establishing an international currency, the sterling bill of exchange based upon the pound sterling and the British gold price, England managed to make $20.67 the worldwide price of an ounce of gold from 1816 to 1914. Other nations gradually adopted this gold standard, first Germany, then France, the United States formally m 1900 after paying gold for the dollar at the London rate since 1878. All these nations and most of the world tied their moneys to the pound sterling and acecpted Great Britain’s managed value of gold. It was this British value of gold which w f as involved in all the gold clauses written into American contracts from 1860 to 1914. And from 1848 to 1870, w’hile England determined the value of an ounce of gold, the United States producted 54,335,000 ounces. From 1896 to 1915 this country produced an additional 81,084.000 ounces. The monetary value of all of it W’as determined by England. Not until May, 1933, did the United States determine to set its owm value upon gold. In January, 1934, by an action quite similar to that of Great Britain in 1816, President Roosevelt set the American price at $35 an ounce. And that brought up the gold clause cases now before the Supreme Court. The plaintiff creditors contend their debtors should pay gold at the value set by England in 1816, or the equivalent in dollars, not at the value set by the United States in 1934.

Thus a policy of 50 years’ duration stands reversed. And Ras Taffari, King of Kings, Lion of Juda, Emperor of Ethiopia and descendant of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, faces punishment for his border raids against the Italians and the massacre of a French detachment of 16 men. Unless something is done soon, therefore, to straighten out the dispute at Geneva, seat of the League of Nations, or elsewhere, more bloodshed will be inevitable with incalculable consequences on two continents. Even the future of Benito Mussolini is involved. a a a TTALIANS can not mention Abyssinia without a wry face. To t|iem the name means defeat, the biggest defeat any European force ever met with at the hands of an African horde. Back in February, 1885, exactly half a century ago, Italy’s Rear Admiral Caimi arrived at Masawa (now Eritrea), on the Red Sea, with two ships and 1000 troops, colony-hunting. Emperor John of Abyssinia was far from pleased. He called on his vassals, among them Menelik, King of Shoa, to defend the country, and guerrilla hostilities began. One day in 1887, Ras Alula, a vassal of John, massacred three companies of Italians at Dogali and such an uproar was created in Italy tnat war had to be declared. After a treaty was signed, war broke out again. In 1895, Ras Makonnen. vassal of Menelik. marched with 25,000 men against 2500 Italians and annihilated them. Behind them came 75,000 more, fairly well armed with European weapons of every make. The Italians numbered less than 18,000.

Fair Enough HOOK MR "ITTASHINGTON. Jan. 31.—With the various inVV vestigating forces investigating back and forth these days, it is a wise policy for any one living in Washington, or even passing through the city, to lead an upright life, speak only when spoken to. bum the contents of all waste-baskets, get to bed early and keep a diary of a blameless existence certified by an accredited pastor. The investigator may yet turn out to be the most potent moraf influence ever organized in the United States. Mr. Harold L. Ickes, the

Secretary of the Interior, w’ho had three billion dollars to spend last year and will get some more money where that came from to spend this this year, has one force of investigators. Mr. James A. Farley, as Postmaster General, has his investigators, and Mr. Homer Cummings, the Attorney General, of course, has his. In addition to these staffs of Hawkshaws and old King Bradys there are the regular intelligence forces of the Department of Justice, of the national defense, the detectives of the City Police Department and. possibly, some Repub-

lican detectives employed to check up on any little odds and ends which escape the Democratic detectives. Your correspondent does not go in heavily for innuendo but the Republicans are great patriots and it would seem that if the Democratic Administration is so little able to trust itself, the Republicans would be alert to keep them reasonably honest by peering over transoms and poring over old correspondence in the traditional detective manner. B B B The End Does Justify the Means THE mission of Mr. Ickes’ detective force seems to be to keep the deserving Democrats honest in the disbursement of the three billion arid such further billions as may be allotted to him. It is cheaper in the long run to do this than to let them follow their own inclinations and then have to find them out. There has been some indignation over the thought that Mr. Ickes’ detectives may be checking up to find out what time this one or that one got home last night and how much he paid for the little woman's fur coat, but, after a look back over the war expenditures of the Wilson regime and the salvage operations of Mr. Harding’s time, it can be argued that the end justifies the means. The Harding Administration had its detectives, too, but the trouble was that there w’as nobody to investigate the investigators until it was too late. Although it is presumed that all the present-day investigators are men of fine character with personal indorsements from their home town aldermen, the memory of the career of Gaston B. Means is a little disquieting and it is the sincere hope of one and all that no errors of selection have been made which might call for regrets later. Mr. Ickes is a cautious man, however, who has a reputation for taking no chances. It was reported in dispatches recently that he had even investigated Mr. Farley, which would have been unclubby of a fellow Cabinet member. But, although this report was denied, it should not be taken amiss if he had done so because Mr. Ickes is one who does not even trust himself. B B B Think Twice Before You Speak MR. FARLEY'S investigators are currently reported to be engaged in an in\ estimation of the organization of the good Mahatma Townsend of California who claims to have 25 million followers in his demand for a pension for S2OO a month for all citizens over 60. The good mahatma seems to be the soul of innocent sincerity, however, for he lives in a modest hotel and does not gamble, drink, smoke or attend burlesque shows. There is no telling who is investigating whom at any given moment because detectives are very closemouthed and the situation naturally creates a feeling that there is a detective in every bellhop’s uniform, a dictagraph in every taxicab, a v ; re-tapper on every telephone and more than a dash of mere larceny in the soul of every deserving Democrat now engaged in the patriotic work of spending the deficit. As far as your correspondent is concerned, although his life has ever been an open book and he has always been careful to put nothing in writing, it is a great additional incentive to avoid idle conversations with strangers of either sex, especially the other one. and to look behind the pictures on the walls for concealed wires. The whole thing should be a great boost for the correspondence schools which teach rural high school students how to be detectives in 10 easy lessons and award each paid-up graduate a diploma, a complete set of disguises, a pair of ha.idcuffs and a German silver badge. (Copyright. 1935. by United Feature Syndicate. Ino.)

Your Health

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN

\ N injury to the hip joint is one of the most . serious you can suffer. Although it is a hall and socket joint, like that of the shoulder, it does not move as easily, because the socket is deeper and the structures moving in the joint are larger. Therefore, an injured hip joint is more difficult to correct than an injured shoulder joint. After the torn or damaged tissues have been healed, the doctor or physiotherapist tries to restore motion by reproducing the movements common to the joint in time of health. They involve rotating the leg inward and outward, drawing the leg upward and extending it. These motions are carried out slowly and steadily, but never to the point where they are seriously resisted by the pati v The following exercises are recommended: Lie face down, leg supported off the bed, knee straight, try to draw the knee toward the bed with the help of gravity (no resistance being used by the operator). Lie on your back, operator lifts the leg (the knee straight) and you force it down. ana IIE on side to be exercised, a piece of powdered j cardboard under the leg, the operator holds the other leg. Now bring the knee to the chest. Lying on your back, leg on a piece of powdered cardboard, move the leg directly sidewise, without lifting the foot, keeping knee straight and foot up. Lie on the good side, operator holds the affected leg up, knee straight, now bring it down to the other leg. a a a SIT with knees bent, legs hanging, raise the leg to the side away from the other leg, keeping knees together. Sit with legs hanging, raise the leg across in front of the other to the knee. Lie on your back, heels on powdered cardboard, knees at rieht angles, straighten the knees and return to first position. Lie on your back, knees straight, raise both legs to an angle of 90 degrees and move them forward and back, alternating. Lie on your back, knees straight, raise both legs to an angle of 45 degrees, then 90 degrees, back to 45 degrees and to position. Sit, body erect, knees straight, reach forward and touch the toes. Stand, grasp a chair for support; swing leg loosely from the hip. One of the best exercises for the hip joint is bicycling.

Questions and Answers

Q —Can a person born in the Philippines of alien parents, Vho has resided 10 or more years in the United States automatically become an American citizen by reason of his long residence? A—No. He must comply with the requirement# ol the naturalization law the same as all other aliens.

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Westbrook Fegler