Indianapolis Times, Volume 46, Number 222, Indianapolis, Marion County, 25 January 1935 — Page 17

It Seems to Me HEM) MIN IAM living or a budget. In fact lam beginning to fear that it may turn out to be a deserted budget. The country round about is very wild and barren. We subsist on such wild animals as we can trap, the roots of trees and shellfish. Like most people living on a budget we never see another civilized human being. There used to be a native called "First of the Month,” who came around with letters, but he's been banished. At least he leaves no footprint in the sand. First of the

Month,” was truculent and decidedly a bore, but even so he was company. My last shirt, made from the skins of wild yaks, has been nailed to a mast in the hope that it may attract the attention of passing mariners, but as yet my ship has not come in. As I understand it budgeteers pay as they go. That sounded pretty enough when it was first suggested, but I failed to detect the catch. Under the budget system when you can’t pay you can’t go. What kind of management is this? Gone, all gone, is the timehonored privilege of saying, "Charge it,” or "I’ll settle for that the next

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Ileywood Broun

time I drop in.” I’m very much afraid that here on Budget Island ambition fades beneath the enervating sun. If and when all the bills are paid, what will there be to work for? a a a It'll Be Broun's Fault MAYNARD KEYNES has maintained that a nation may spend its way back into prosperity and every country that I know maintains among its proudest possessions a national debt. In living meagerly from hand to mouth I fear that I am cutting down employment in the juniper berry fields, in the rye and Scotch meadows. Thus year some laughing French peasant girl will be left out when it comes time to tread the grapes. The head of the vineyard will shake his head sadly and explain. "Broun isn’t buying.” What idiot would ever buy champagne or terrapin or tickets in the front row if he had to pay for them in hard money freshly drawn from the inner pocket. Bank checks are something like poker chips. One tosses them about with freedom since he knows that there are plenty more to be had where the counters came from. Os course, the budget system is supposed to leave you affluent in the long run. Each week some part of your hard earned gains is shoved through the window of a savings bank. In return you get neither beverages nor entertainment, but merely a small blue book with a little writing. E>oliars are less prolific than rabbits, but if one undertakes to raise them, I am informed, that in due time he will fall heir to a litter of dimes and nickels and pennies. And curiously enough these feeble cubs are not drowned, but nursed along with the hope that they may survive even in a fierce and competitive world. Far away in the days to come the thrifty one is supposed to reap his reward. When I am 65 some one will break it to me gently that I have a SIOOO in the bank. It may even be that I will be allowed to say what I want to do with it. But aside from taking it out as quickly as possible my definition of desire could be quite slim. a tt a Recklessness — a Worthy Fault \ T the age of 65 I might conceivably want anew wheel chair, a toupee, or store teeth. But not one of these capital prizes is glamorous enough to warrant the years of Spartan self-denial. Who wants to find a toupee in the toe of his stocking on a Christmas morning? The arguments for recklessness seem to me almost unanswerable. If it were not for the $94 which has been already credited to my account I could sleep well at night and give never a thought to future decisions of the Supreme Court. But now I toss about and murmur “captured gold” and when I wake I am still trying to figure out just what I will be worth if a 5 to 4 decision goes in favor of the present Administration or vice-versa. The situation is further complicated by the fact that under the present regime one decision means nothing. Nor even two. Today a litigant is like a lawn tennis player and he must get three legs upon an award in order to achieve permanent possession. Indeed I suggest to the various boards in Washington that those who appear before them will hardly be satisfied unless future decisions are handed down all done up in tissue paper and red ribbons and plainly labelled "not to be reopened until Christmas.” Courts have been turned into cauldrons roand which weird sisters dance chanting, “Biddle, Biddle, toil and trouble!" But as I was saying there is only one sure cure for devaluation, inflation and investor’s itch. It is a simple old family remedy. It consists of ridding yourself as rapidly as possible of all legal tender. I believe in the adagio dollar. Give it a fling. • Copyright. 1935)

Today's Science BY DAVID DIETZ

AN attempt to find out whether or not there are mountains i Jon the planet Mercury is to be made by the Mt. Wilson Observatory. This announcement is made by the Carnegie Institute of Washington which operates the observatory on the California mountain-top. Mercury, smallest of all the planets and closest of all to the sun. is in many ways a planet of mystery. Because of its proximity to the sun. it is visible only at brief intervals. When at its farthest from the sun. it may appear for a little while low in the west after sunset or low in the east before sunrise. Many persons go through life without ever glimpsing the planet. Astronomers find the planet extremely hard to study. Because of the atmospheric difficulties encountered in viewing an object near the horizon, they are forced to make most of their studies in the daytime. It. is possible, with a telescope, to see Mercury in the daytime when it is farthest from the sun. The telescope reveals a few dark markings upon the surface of the planet but it is impossible to make out details. The Mt. Wilson astronomers, encouraged by a study of the moon just completed by Dr. Edison Pettit and other members of the observatory staff, hope to attack the problem indirectly. a a a DR. PETTIT'S observations show that as the moon waxes end wanes the amount of light and heat radiated from the part visible to the earth increases and decreases. However, the amount of light and heat radiated by the moon at crescent phase is smaller than what it would be if the moon were a smooth sphere. It is this fact which the Mt. Wilson astronomers hope will give them a clew to the nature of Mercury's surface. Mercury, as it goes about the sun. appears from the earth to go through phases just as the moon does. What the Mt. Wilson astronomers propose to do therefore is to measure the light and heat reflected by Mercury at various phases. From this, they may be able to tell whether it has a surface comparable to that of the moon or not. a a a THE diameter of our moon is 2163 miles. The diameter of Mercury is 3100 miles. The moon exhibits wide variations in temperature. Portions of the moon receiving direct sunlight attain temperatures equal to that of be ’ng water. 212 degrees Fahrenheit. Portions of the :oon in darkness drop to temperatures of 200 deg' below Eero. The temperature range on Mercury . even higher. The planet keeps one face turned ays toward the sun. Its temperature is shown b\ he thermocouple to be about 650 degrees Fahrenhe. a temperature sufficient to melt lead, while the o' ?r side of the planet has the temperature of empty space, 459 degrees below zero. Q—ls there any law in the state of Indiana on sterilization for birth control? A—The only law covering sterilization in Indiana is that passed by the General Assembly in 1931 providing lor the sterilization of feeble-minded persons.

Full I.ea<l Wire Service of the United Press Association

LAUGHING AWAY HARD TIMES

Weekly Tomlinson Hall Show Features Recreation Program

BY ARCH STEINEL Times Staff Writer show that is never advertised, that uses professional performers and plays weekly engagements to as high as 3000 customers with season tickets, and one that you could not gate-crash unless you had one of those white or red cards—such a show is presented here every Tuesday night in Tomlinson Hall. Maybe you’ve passed the hall on Tuesdays and heard the orchestral strains and laughs of the crowd. Maybe you’ve tried to get in! If you nave, then you’ve failed unless you were a member or friend of one of the 19,000 families on direct or work relief in Marion County. Or, perhaps, you’ve passed by Municipal Gardens or some other community house and heard an orchestra, twice-monthly, putting “Love In Bloom” or trotting a fox-trot in a mean tempo which made you wish to do a little stepping. Couldn’t get in? Os course you couldn’t unless you had the white or red card that is an open sesame, under the Marion County Recreation Committee, to the entertainments and dances given exclusively for those on county relief rolls. “We’d like to open the doors to the public. We’ve had requests to do so. People stop and want to go in but we don’t know where it would end if we did.” This is the explanation of R. L. Baker, County Recreation Director. nun “'T'HERE’S a need in some families where persons are employed,” the recreation director explains. “The family may be large and the entertainment budget low. Youth has no outlet for its good time—except the cheapness of corner-loafing and unsupervised mischief.” —And the only plaint of the recreational director is that Tom-

-The DAILY WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND By Brew Pearson and Robert S. Allen—

WASHINGTON, Jan. 25.—Government attorneys admit privately that there is one vulnerable point in their defense of the constitutionality of the gold clause. This is the fact that Congress delegated to the Presidwent the power to manipulate the value of the dollar. The auhority of Congress to make changes in the monetary unit, they assert, is beyond question. The Constitution expressly states that Congress shall have the power to “coin money and regulate the value thereof.” But whether it has the right to turn that power over to another

OBJECTION TAKEN TO FURNACE CODE Direct Factory Sales Are Opposed by Group. Severe criticism of certain phases of the furnace manufacturers’ NRA code was offered at the final session of the three-day convention of the Indiana Sheet Metal, Warm Air Heating and Roofing Contractors’ Association at the Antlers yesterday. The criticism concerned that part of the code permitting furnace manufacturers to sell direct to consumers at factory cost and to sell to mail order firms at a lower price than is charged retailers. New directors of the state association are Cyril Zettle, Alexandria; J, E. Myers, Evansville; A. W. Dudley, Terre Haute; Harry Werbe, Kokomo; Harry Hoff. Richmond, Louis Heitger, Bedford; Bert Wright, New Albany; Charles B. Rundell, Ft. Wayne; Ralph TtnEyck. Lebanon; C. w. Carlson, Elkhart, and Charles Rood, Gary. POLICE CHIEF ORDERS AUTO LIGHTING DRIVE Arrest of Violators Is Directed by Mike Morrissey. Chief Mixe Morrissey today ordered members of his department to arrest violators of the state law requiring two headlights and one tail light to be lighted on all moving vehicles, from 30 minutes after sundown until 30 minutes before sunrise, and a tail light burning on all parked vehicles 30 minutes after sundown. “If any person has been given a sticker for violation of the law and does not appear in the traffic office to pay the required fine, a warrant will be issued for his or her arrest,” Chief Morrissey stated in his order. CITY PASTOR HONORED ON 6TH ANNIVERSARY The Rev. R. Metvyn Thompson Is Guest of Parishioners. Members of the North wood Christion Church, 501 E. 46th-st, celebrated the sixth anniversary of the Rev. R. Melvyn Thompson's pastorate at a fellowship dinner last night. The Rev. Mr. Thompson has just completed the third year of his present pastorate and Jiad served a three-year period previously. Tributes were paid by Dr. A. D. Beeler, president of the church board, and by C. H. Becker, Wallace O. Lee and Herschel Davis, elders. Commission Group to Meet The annual meeting of the Producers Commission Association, a member of the National Live Stock Marketing Association, will be held at 10 Monday at the Antlers.

The Indianapolis Times

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Eugene Sprouse, 909 Bueharanst, was graduated from Manual Training High School in 1933, but he finds jobs harder to locate than the angle in this three-cushion match (upper) he’s having at the English-av Boys’ Club. But billiards keeps Eugene from mooning over ihs joblessness. And here are two youths (lower) playing that grand old game to pass the time—checkers—under the auspices of the Marion County recreation committee at the Boys’ Club.

linson Hall is not large enough to hold the crowds that flock to see the free shows. The S. R. O. sign would be hung out each Tuesday night if the show was operated privately. If bits of the show have an amateurish tinge, other portions are larded with professionalism. The tenor soloist is an FERA project foreman who knew the stage in its balmy days. The clown, on one program, whose antics sent adolescents into screams of delight, is a former circus performer who keeps time now on a works project.

branch of the government is something else again. The Administration contends that it has, but its legal jousters concede privately that this point is the Achilles heel of their case. non VISITORS to the Capitol are thronging the Senate galleries these days to see the big show, but many tu"n away bewildered and disappointed. And here are typical comments showing why: “Seemed like they were tending to their own business, but not to the Speaker.” . . . “I’ve heard the House of Representatives, and s expected to hear more eloquence in the Senate department, but I didn’t.” ... “I didn’t listen much. Huey Long was walking all around the floor, and I was watching him.” . . . “Reminds me of what we ed to do back in school days —anything but listen to the teacher.” ... “I was there 10 minutes and I didn’t hear Huey Long.” . . “A lot of kibitz.” . . . “I guess they havent’ got started yet.” ... “I wonder how they make our laws if they don’t pay any more attention than that.” a a a THERE is one provision in the Administration’s omnibus social security bill where the hand of organized labor guided the drafting pen. This section is in the unemployment insurance portion of the measure. It provides that no worker shall be disqualified from receiving benefits “because he participates in a strike, refuses to take work at standards below’ those prevailing in the locality, or because he refuses to join a company union or insists upon joining the labor union of his own choosing.” Old guarders in the inner council objected to the wording, wanted it made less specific. But Senator Wagner, labor champion and titular author of the bill, insisted on the provision. It is certain to be challenged vigorously by employer groups and its backers expect it to be one of the chief battle grounds of the social security legislation. a a a WHEN New Mexico’s sole Congressman came to Washington he got a welcome that was a surprise to him. He registered at the Hotel Washington, went up to his room, disrobed and got into the tub for a bath. A knock came at the door. It was a bell-hop offering to take the gentleman’s clothes to be pressed. Soon another knock. A news photographer. Presently two more arrivals newsmen asking for an interview. In desperation the congressman picked up the telephone. “Look here. Mr. Manager, I want to be let alone. What's the reason for all this disturbance, anyhow?” Then the explanation came. “Sorry, Mr. Dempsey, I’ve just discovered it myself. You see, the name ‘Jack Dempsey’ is a bit misleading, and when the boys saw it on the register, they thought it was the Jack Dempsey." “No, no, I’m only a Congressman.” was the n,ply.

INDIANAPOLIS, FRIDAY, JANUARY 25, 1935

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Directed by Michael Doody, former motion picture show operator, the show affords for its spectators entertainment to appease the amusement mind of a cosmopolitan crowd. A turn of the head from the stage and the “tap-tap” of dancer’s wooden shoes, and the spotlight is directed on amateur box-

CONSTITUTION STUDY IS REQUIRED IN BILL Course Mandatory Under House Measure. Americanization of Hoosier school pupils is sought by a bill introduced yesterday in the House of Representatives by Rep. Robert A. Hoover (R., Elkhart). It provides for compulsory study of the American Constitution and the Indiana State Constitution in high schools. Eight other representatives joined in presenting the bill. The bill, originally planned as a part of the American Legion legislative program, is said to meet with the Legion’s approval. The billl provides that “political and philosophical aspects of the subject” should be taught and allows the State Board of Education to prescribe textbooks to be used. The course on the national and state Constitutions would be of not less than one school year and students could not receive a diploma until they passed an examination in the subject, the bill provides. Indianapolis Tomorrow Alliance Francaise, luncheon, Washington. Life Underwriters Sales Conference, 9:30 a. m.. Claypool. Frigidaire Exhibit, all day, Claypool. Sigma Alpha Epsilon, luncheon, Claypool.

SIDE GLANCES By George Clark

*‘Louise, bring down all those rugs and cushions. Here comes a vacuum cleaner demonstrator.”-

ing bouts in the regular ring used by professionals. Youths from the FERA boxing “stable,” 2329 W. Michigan-st, wear off their amateurishness in three-round bouts. B B B THE show begins at 7:30, and, if the bill’s extra good and the encores numerous, it’s after

I COVER THE WORLD B B B B B B By William Philip Simms

WASHINGTON, Jan. 25.—Events of world importance are on the move in eastern Asia and -the western Pacific. By arms and by diplomacy, by whatever means required, Nippon is proceeding methodically to build a wall of impenetrable steel around herself and the land and water region about her. Her infantry, tanks and airplanes are pushing the frontiers of Manchukuo westward into inner Mongolia. Not only does she intend to

control this fertile fringe of the Gobi Desert, but she wants the great Khlngan mountain range as a bulwark against a possible Russian attack from the direction of Baikal. Outer Mongolia, whose capital is Urga, is under Soviet influence. A branch line of the Trans-Si-berian runs southward from Lake Baikal to the border. Practicable automobile roads connect Urga with Kalgan, via Chahar. Now Japanese bayonets are barring this route. a a a TN the event of war between Japan and the Soviet Union, military experts look for a dangerous movement against the Japanese rear or flank from this direction. This would be the forlornest of forlorn hopes, however, with the Japanese in control of Chahar. Foreign Minister Koki Hirota has warned Moscow a second time that Japan does not like the frontier bristling with fortifications which Russia is throwing up about Manchukuo. Nippon especially dislikes Russia’s growing submarine fleet at Vladivostok and her fast increasing aerial bombers in that region. In the same speech, the Japan-

10 before the crowd will let the performers go home. Nor is talent scarce, for Mr. Doody has a card-index file listing approximately 200 performers who can do everything from pulling rabbits out of sleeves to making a jug play “Annie Laurie.” FERA orchestras play for the community house dances. Strict card admission is necessary at Tomlinson Hall in order to prevent competition with private dance halls. “The modern dances are played, but if there’s a demand we may give an old-fashioned Virginia Reel or ‘hoe-down’,” says Mr. Ball. It is in the dances and, particularly in the Tomlinson Hall shows, that the major offensive is carried on in occupying the time of those on relief rolls. Recreational officials admit that relief families are in the main better spectators than “doers.” “It is difficult to reach the mid-dle-aged man with a family, who has worked hard throughout the day to make both ends meet, with the play spirit left in him,” they say. BBS LACK of car fare to attend the Tomlinson Hall shows has kept many families from taking advantage of the free entertainment. In turn, the shows are interpreted as an inducement for some relief families to leave a moody fireside and to use the show as an excuse for going downtown on Tuesday nights. Performers on the legitimate stage never played to a more skeptical group of “first-nighters” than did the first entertainers at Tomlinson Hall in November and December. “It was so cold you could make a gelatine dessert,” Mr. Ball said. “They seemed to say ‘Well we’re here. What can you do?’ But in a few shows they warmed up. Crowds grew and, now, we don’t know where we’re going to put them all if they keep on coming.” Smaller community shows, until that millennium when Indianapolis builds a civic auditorium, is Mr. Ball’s only hope of solving the seating problem at the weekly entertainments. Next—Cultural Activities and The Future In Recreation.

ese foreign minister also warned China by clear inference that China wo.dd do well to look to Japan, rather than to Europe or the United States, for friendship and aid. Far Eastern observers did not nesitate to interpret this as a restatement that Japan, more than ever, insists upon a hands-off attitude on the part of the Western powers and a paramount position there for herself. a a a UNEASINESS is growing at Geneva, meanwhile, over what Japan will do in March when her League of Nations membership expires. Swarms of Pacific Islands have been mandated to her and, League or no League, she intends to hold on. These islands the Carolines, Marianas and Pelews—lie between Hawaii and the Philippines, on the flank of every sea lane between America, or the Panama Canal, and the Far East. The League virtually accuses Japan already of transforming them into naval and air bases in violation of the terms of both mandate and Washington naval treaty. The future of the islands is of the utmost importance to the United States. Claude A. Swanson, Secretary of the Navy, has just announced plans to use nearby Wake Island as an aviation base for trans-Pacific service. Wake is approximately half way between Hawaii and Guam, another American possession. Trans-Pacific planes thus might follow this route: San Francisco to Hawaii, 21,000 miles; to Wake, 1800 miles; thence to Guam, 1500 miles. From Guam it is another 1500 miles to Manila and 1800 miles to Shanghai or Hongkong. Both these vital potential bases, Guam and Wake, are virtually surrounded by the mandated islands. Japan’s moves,,, from her occupation of Manchuria and Jehol down to the present, are not interpreted as operations for aggressive war. Rather she is seen as in the process of drawing an impregnable ring about that part of the Pacific and Far East in which she intends to be supreme. Outside that circle she would wage no offensive war. Inside it, observers are convinced, she would fight any challenger. Admittedly the peril is that, within the circle, she alone will decide what is, and what is not, a challenge. HEADS LEGION IN PARIS Dr. J. V. Sparks, Formerly of This City, Honored, Parents Told. Dr. J. V. Sparks, son of Dr. and Mrs. Guy L. Sparks, 4350 Central-av, has been re-elected commander of Paris ,'France) Post No. 1, American Legion, according to word received here today from Paris. Blind Students to Give Show A musical revue, “One Night of Frolic,” written and composed by students at the Indiana State School for the Blind will be presented next Friday night at the school. The program will be open to the public*

Second Section

Entered as Second-Class Matter at Postofflce. Indianapolis. Ind.

Fair Enough WESTBROOK PEGLER IN the alarm caused by the ise of nut economists and political mahatmas, it may be of comfort to note that hardly any two of ihem agree, but that,, between them, nevertheless, they are gradually crowding the rulers of the country toward reforms. Like rival sects hating one another for the love of God the hallelujah groups agree on the ultimate idea that the poor should inhert Palm Beach, but can not get together on leaders, labels or procedure. Thus, the good mahatma Townsend doesn't get

along with Upton Sinclair and, in fact, turned agressively against him and for Frank Merriam, the zero incarnate, in the California campaign. contributing appreciably to Mr. Sinclair's defeat. Both leaders had received inspiration from Edward Bellamy and their purposes and sympa f nies were alike, but personal rivalry kept them apart to the detriment of their mutual task. Dr. Townsend told his friends that he could not vote for Sinclair and these told others until, by election day, the word had spread throughout ’us numerous cult that Sinclair was not the man for them.

Mr. Sinclair’s epics were distinctly more intelligent than Dr. Townsend's AORPS and his plan of toil, barter and modest security could not appeal to those who were promising themselves luxurious ease and long rides on the pullmans on their pension of S2OO a month. BUB Huey's in a Fog IT can not be argued that Gov. Merriam has instituted any radical reform as yet and whether he ever does or not will depend on how badly those whom George Creel described as his medieval owners were frightened by the strength of Sinclair’s following. The Governor, himself, fortunately, has neither ideas nor ideals of his own to hamper him in the performance of any orders which he may receive. He approached the governorship with an open, not to say blank, mind and his statemanship will be controlled by popular pressure on his bosses. So the people are more nearly their own rulers now than they w T ere before. Proi. Samuel Bottomley, the economic star-gazer who learned about money by studying the canals on the planet Mars, has no time for either of the California mahatmas and insists that Huey Long still has much to learn about the real meaning of so trifling an object as the numble dime. The professor does not publish the size of his following, but it must be assumed to be at least. 20 million as that figure is the minimum under the rules. The Senator, on his part, has not been quite able to make up his mind just whom to appeal to. One day the poor are all his people, but another day he reads all fogies out of the party and stands forth as the presidential candidate of youth. However, he has had the candor lately to warn the citizens that his election would be more calamitous than otherwise and there can be no doubt that he will serve humanity better as a threat than he ever could as a ruler. The Senator is so constituted, of course, that humanity doesn’t enter his plans. Power and money being his aims in life, he is naturally more eager to be elected than to be headed off. B B B Advantages of Raving IT is possible that the revelation of an oil-land grab, a sort of Tea Pot Dome affair in Louisiana, will attend to him before the time comes to lick him at the polls. He recently handed over a concession to three of his political menials to drill 50 wells in the center of the state oil preserve and, having done that, passed a law to compel the Standard Oil to buy the oil from the 50 wells. There is something very mysterious about his current plan to revoke this law and he may have decided that the whole transaction was just a trace too raw even for Louisiana. The dread Rasputins of the current Administration are a lot of sound conservatives by comparison with the now crop of nuts and it is some consolation to know' that Mr. Roosevelt is the only one who can cross all lines and scare up votes in all the groups. The others quarrel and sneer and will kill off one another in due time. But, out of all this roaring and tearing of hair, some old-age pension plan is sure to come, paying less than Mahatma Townsend’s, to be sure, but paying it, which is important in any pension, and in money which still will buy something. So the nuts will have served a good purpose after all and though they may cause some nervousness, it is not a bad idea at all to let them rave. (Copyright. 1935. by United Feature Syndicate. Inc.)

Your Health —BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN-

ELIMINATION of slums and provision of modern sanitary housing would definitely improve the future health of the people. It has been established in every large city that persons who live in slums are sick more often and for longer periods of time, and have in general a higher death rate, than do those who live under conditions of good housing. Among factors in poor housing, which are primarily responsible for ill health, we must include bad water supply, insanitary toilets, lack of private toilets, leaky sewer connections, over-crowding, bad ventilation, dampness, insufficient sunlight, and failure to provide suitable screening against flies and mosquitoes. Dr. Rollo I. Britten of the United States Public Health Service studied the records of 23,000 persons in eight cities, and found that infant deaths in families who lived in homes with two or more persons in a room were two and one-half times greater than in families with less than one person to each room. a a a IN Cleveland, studies were made of the relationship of sickness and death rates to the amount of rent paid. The death rates varied from 15 for each 1000 persons in the areas where the lowest rents were paid to 7.2 for each 1000 persons in the areas where the highest rates were paid. Infant deaths were 110 in the area with an average rental of less than sls, and only 26 in the areas with an average rental of SIOO or more. Obviously the question of housing is associated with other economic factors, such as food, clothing and fuel. But certainly the sickness and death rates are higher among persons in the lower income groups. In England and in Vienna, where great housing campaigns have been mdertaken, definite improvement occurs with elLnination of slum conditions. For example, in Liverpool the death rate fell from 37 to 26 per 1000 population after reconstruction. a a a PROBABLY the most serious condition of bad housing is overcrowding. We know that the type of disease from which poor persons suffer is chiefly contact infection, as is represented by diseases of nose and throat, and the ordinary infectious diseases with resultant secondary infections of lungs and heart. Such diseases as the common cold, sore throat, bronchitis, influenza, diphtheria, scarlet fever, mumps, whooping cough, meningitis, measles, pneumonia and tuberculosis occur most frequently under conditions of overcrowding We should consider also the overcrowding which occurs in elevators, theaters, schools and hallways, as well as on the streets. Another serious menace in slum areas is the rat. Rat-proofing is unknown in these districts. Yet it has been shown that the rat is responsible for a good deal of human disease. Q— When did Japan declare war against Germany? A-Aug. 23, 1914.

V

Westbrook Pegler