Indianapolis Times, Volume 46, Number 207, Indianapolis, Marion County, 8 January 1935 — Page 12

PAGE 12

The Indianapolis Times (A RCRIPPS-nOWARD SEW'PAPrR) ROtSx*. HOWARD Present TITCoTT POWELL Editor KARL D. BAKER ....... Boiinet* Manager Phone Riley BSil

(hr* Light an*l the people Will fin' l Their Own Way

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TUESDAY. JANUARY 8. 1935. WANT TO MAKE $4,000,000,000? 'T'HE President’s “double-budget” will be sharply and quickly challenged. It will be called phoney. The challenge will come from those who have been loudest in saying—- ‘ balance the budget and leave recovery to industry.” But the President has put the proposition In a way that will give the objootors a wideopen stage on which to show their stuff. Dividing the budget into regular and emergency classifications, he says, in effect: “Take care of the employment load by using that private initiative, that individual ingenuity, of which you talk so much, and the budget is already balanced. All normal and current expenditures will then be covered by current receipts." That, of course, is somewhat like saying, if there is a case of pneumonia in the house, with doctors and nurses and medicine required, that the family budget would be balanced if it were not for the illness. So long as private industry doesn’t revive, and rise to the job of meeting work relief with private work, billions must come from the taxpayers. But a great money-making opportunity is made graphic by this double-budget method of presentation. It should be inspiring to all who are eager to get action on their private initiative. It means simply, this: For every dollar, or million, or billion dollars by which private employment is increased, by that precise amount will the eventual tax bill be reduced. Want to make four billion dollars or any part thereof? That is what the dout le-budget puts up to the industry.

GUIDING THE NEW DEAL TN our Government of three separate and co-ordinate branches, the judicial branch often has been accused of usurping the powers of the legislative branch. Yesterday the Supreme Court protected Congress from itself by prohibiting Congress from blindly giving away its powers to the President. In an 8-to-l decision the court held that Congress can not constitutionally delegate its authority to the executive branch without fixing the policy and rules under which it shall act. Therefore the court invalidated the oil section of the National Industrial Recovery Act, This does not mean—as some have so hastily assumed —that the NRA codes as such are unconstitutional. The court did not pass either on the general codes or the oil code, but solely on the section of the law which gave the President blanket powers to stop interstate shipment of oil in excess of the production or withdrawals authorized in the various states. The decision does not mean that the court is ditching the New Deal. On the contrary it can mean that the court is a friend of the New Deal, just as the traffic officer who raises a warning hand to the corner-cutting motorist is the protector both of the driver and of the public. At the moment when the executive is about to recommend, and the Congress is about to consider, permanent legislation to take the place of the expiring NIRA, the court in effect tells them how it can be done constitutionally. This action by the court is a constructive service of the highest order for two reasons: First, it checks the bureaucrat-made-laws. They have been piling up in such a conflicting ar.d mountainous jumble as to prevent clear observance by the citizen, effective enforcement by the executive, or intelligent review by the judiciary. Secondly, the court is preserving the American system of governmental checks and balances which is inevitably endangered in time of national crisis, whether 'in war or peace. Throughout our history, first one and then another of the three branches has become strong at the expense of the other two. During emergency it is always the executive, because then speed is the essence of the national interest and he can act more quickly than a deliberative body. So in this period when many nations turn to dictators, or otherwise short-cut the cumbersome method of democratic government, the Supreme Court reasserts the constitutional limits to American short-cuts. It says to Congress. you can delegate the President to act for you only provided you clearly chart his course and rules. That is American. That is reasonable. That is a safeguard which may save the New Deal from death by bureaucracy. WAYS OF LIVING 'T'HE outstanding feature of present-day America seems to be the earnest effort that people are making to understand the society in which they are living. Because the last few years taught us so forcibly that the present is the child of the past, we are also beginning to discover that the future will be the child of today. We make certain decisions and adopt certain social habits now—and a decade hence, or two decades, these decisions and habits will have consequences at which we hardly so much as guess. Dr. O. E. Baker, senior economist of the Department of Agriculture, pointed out recently in a story in The Indianapolis Times that we are about to undergo very profound changes in the matter of population growth. For about 25 years to come, he says, we will live in a kind of national middle age; then our population will begin to decline, the decline will be progressive—and we shall suddenly find ourselves an old nation, facing all the problems which old age brings to any living organism. Now all this seems to be mixed up, in,*

very peculiar fashion, with our. habits of life. For some reason, the birth ra. e in the cities is lower than the birth rate in rural areas. On the farms and in the small towns, there are more than enough births to maintain the population level; in the cities, however, the reverse is true, and in our larger cities the births even now lack 30 per cent of being sufficient to maintain the population permanently. The implication, as Dr. Baker points out, Is that a civilization based primarily on an industrial and commercial system in which the individual is the economic unit is very likely to develop a declining population. To be permanent, it must be based on agriculture, or on some other system in which the family is the economic unit. This is very puzzling, and we probably shall need to know a great deal more than we know now about the laws of heredity, and of human fertility generally, before we can fully understand it. But it is a hint that our primary concern, in the long run, must be not simply to devise a smoothly-working economic system, but to fashion a way of life that will bring a broader and fuller life to the masses of people. When we crowd ourselves into cities and compel millions of people to live cramped and narrow lives, we invite Nature to take her revenge—and Nature accepts the invitation. We don't live by bread alone, after all. Those little tables of population growth are a silent warning that, unless we make our society less artificial, ar.d bring it back to closer contact with the old realities of the living earth, we shall pay a very bitter penalty a generation or two later. THE LAW STILL SHELTERS ONCE more the United States Supreme Court has reminded Alabama and other states that Negroes as well as whites are entitled to fair trial. Nearly four years ago, nine Negro boys, one only 13 years old, were captured and thrown into an Alabama jail. There have been trials, mistrials and retrials. With a threatening mob standing in the Scottsboro courtyard, the eight older boys were found guilty and sentenced to death. The United States Supreme Court reversed the conviction, saying that the defendants had been denied “due process.” New trials were held and two of the boys were convicted again. Their lawyers again appealed, and again the nigh tribunal has assumed jurisdiction, promising to review defense charges that the boys were tried unfairly, amid hostile surroundings, before a prejudiced court, and by a jury from which Negro citizens were excluded. ENGLAND TAKES A HAND npHE sensations incident to the Senate’s ■*- munitions investigation seem to have had their effect on the far side of the Atlantic. England is preparing to name a royal commission to investigate the arms traffic in Great Britain. It is noteworthy that this step was forced upon a reluctant government by public opinion. When the American Investigation started to make headlines, British officialdom intimated that such scandalous methods were all very well for Yankees, but that England could get along quite nicely without copying them. Before long, however, the subject was raised in the House of Commons, and the debate there indicated that the masses of people in England had the same sort of healthy curiosity about the arms traffic as the masses of Americans had. So now England, like America, is going to look into the doings of the merchants of death. If the investigation is half as fruitful as the one in Washington, the world wall be a good deal wiser when it is finished. NEW START FOR AGRICULTURE 'T'HE farmer is a good deal better off economically than he was a year ago. Agriculture Department figures show that farm income last year rose by fully $1,000,000.000, with farm purchasing power rising to 80 per cent of the pre-war level, as compared with 52 per cent in 1933, Benefit payments by the AAA ran to a little more than $370,000,000 for the year. This indicates that the cumbersome and occasionally irritating AAA scheme worked out rather better than some of us expected. In fact, it leads one to suspect that this program has done about all that it can do, and that further advances for the farmer must come from a revival of industrial activity and a recovery of our foreign markets. Agriculture, In other words, has been abundantly stimulated; it must take its pace, now, from the national reviv il as a whole.

SCHOOLS FOR GROWN-UPS THE most valuable, yet the cheapest, thing in the United States today is education. Still, according to Dr. L. R. Alderman of the Relief Administration in Washington, “there are probably 12 million illiterate adults in this country and millions more who would enjoy pursuing some branch of learning.” Here is abundant raw material for a great and inspiring industry, the making of literate and cultured Americans. We have the factories, some 256.000 school buildings now used only one-third of the time, libraries, playgrounds, churches, clubs. We have the workers. tens of thousands of idle teachers, thousands of others who would be glad to act as discussion leaders. * Until now this country has been unique among civilized nations in the almost total lack of an adult education movement. Thanks to FERA Administrator Hopkins, Dr. Alderman and other New Dealers, such a movement appears to have been launched. FERA is employing some 40.000 jobless ’ teachers in this work of teaching the idle grown-ups what they want to know. In Los Angeles, where middle-aged jobless swarm like bees in a hive, the grown-up school has reached its biggest proportions. Dr. Alderman says that if this movement were general we could make America literate in a year, that "a man of 70 learns as fast as a boy of 10.” The depression has taught America many things. If it teaches that we must feed minds as well as hungry bodies it will have helped build anew civilization upon the wreckage it wrought. Chile is having a home building boom, having learned from Florida the importance of holding down some real estate with a house.

Liberal Viewpoint I BY DR. HARRY ELMER BARNES 'T'HE elaborate plans for “rehousing America,” now under consideration by the Federal Government and local agencies, can never succeed as they should unless the human element is taken into consideration as well as the construction of model tenements. As Miss Beatrice Greenfield Rosahn points out in an article on “Rehousing the Slum Dweller” in The National Municipal Review, “Housing experts and social workers have long realized that the ‘glum’ is the result of two things: the substandard dwelling and the ignorant or shiftless tenant,” It will accomplish little for social betterment if model apartments are inhabited by those who keep coal in the bathtub, decorate the walls with crude crayon drawings, never sweep the floors, and smash a window a day. Along with the construction of buildings must come the education of the prospective tenant who is drawn from the former slums where there has been neither example nor incentive to clean and decent living. That even tenants with a slum background can be taught to assume an air of solicitude and pride in their habitations has been amply proved by>past efforts in this field. Perhaps the first impressive success in rehabilitating the morale of slum-dwellers was that of Octavia Hill in London following 1864. Inspired by John Ruskin, she started out with three dilapidated old houses in the worst London slums. At the time of her death in 1912, she controlled 2000 houses and flats in the city of Lnodon. a a a SHE had two basic principles: “The first, to demand a strict fulfilment of the tenant’s dudes, including the prompt payment of rent; and second, to endeavor to be so unfailingly just, patient and helpful that the tenant learns to trust and respect the rule over them.” Miss Hill found that her method got results, not only in a dedfent return on invested capital, but also in the development of habits of cleanliness on the part of tenants. As she put it: "I have learned to know that people are ashamed to abuse a place they find cared for. They will add dirt to dirt till a place is pestilential, but the more they find done for it, the more they will respect it, till at last order and cleanliness prevail.” The Octavia Hill system has been adopted in Amsterdam, Edinburgh, Glasgow and many other European cities, as well as in New York and Philadelphia. The City and Suburban Homes Cos., which was organized in New York in 1896, consciously adopted the Hill system, and its. social supervisor reported the same satisfactory results: “It is a matter of record how careful the tenants are of the property and how determined they are that it shall not run down. The old coal-in-the-bathtub story has never been warranted in my experience. This is encouraging in view of the fact that we make no demur at renting to families with children.” tt tt tt EQUAL success has been achieved by other organizations which have operated on similar principles, notably the Lavanburg Homes in East Side, New York, the Better Housing League of Cincinnati, the Michigan Boulevard Garden Apartments in Chicago, the Amalgamated Apartments in the Bronx, and the Paul Laurence Dunbar Apartments in Harlem. The essentials in the human side of better housing for America have been admirably summarized by Miss Rosahn: “If slums are ever to be eradicated entirely, the problem of the ‘unteachable tenant’ ultimately must be ’faced. It may be that in time to come undesirable tenants will have to be housed as public charges in special municipal institutions similar to those maintained by the community in Amsterdam, Holland. “It is obviously no solution of the slum problem to refuse admittance to the less desirable families, as has been the practice of certain model housing projects. These families must settle somewhere, and as they usually find quarters in the cheapest sections of the city, slums will again develop there. “From the standpoint of crime prevention it would be more practical to house the ‘worst’ families first and gradually work up. . . . “The utopia of a city without slums may indeed be a long way off; but if we %re truly to progress toward this ideal state we must prepare today, not only to rehouse the present slum dweller, but also to re-educate him.”

Capital Capers BY GEORGE ABELL. A RUNNING commentary on idiosyncrasies, foibles, witticisms, styles, trends, fashions and frivolities of the capital’s diplomatic and official circles in 1934 shows: Universal relief was expressed at the President's abandonment of the boring Jan. 1 receptions. In a general way, the diplomatic corps improved. The trend in ambassadors was distinctly up, with ministers bullish. Attaches also rose several points, and there was an encouraging upward swing in first secretaries. The rise of diplomatic salaries, as affected by the drop of the dollar abroad, brought smaller, but better, parties with a notable increase in champagne. Witticisms were of a decidedly higher order, with added waistlines and a drain on caviar sandwiches. Diplomats still dress as badly as ever. Minister Arcaya of Venezuela wore a bright polkadotted tie at the wedding of the German ambassador’s daughter. White spats—now hardly ever seen in the State Department—still appear at diplomatic parties. Miguel de Echegaray of Spain even wears them with cloth-top shoes. Ambassador Espil of Argentina remains the best-dressed diplomat, which is no overwhelming compliment. A good laugh was enjoyed by all who heard Sir Ronald Lindsay, the British ambassador, nominated as the best-dressed envoy. The British embassy leads the diplomatic list, but (rather surprisingly) trails far behind in sartorial matters. The social lists and laundry lists showed about the same percentage of stiff bosoms. An alarming drop in the number of diplomats who ride horseback seemed unexplainable in view of the fact that Senor Rubio Vivot of Argentina regularly attended social functions in riding breeches. All was clear when it developed that Rubio never rode, but just wore the breeches. a a a THE State Department picked up the abandoned horses and rode like mad for a short time. Undersecretary of State Bill Phillips and Senator Borah were glimpsed galloping about the park. Brazilian Ambassador Aranha procured a horse. The Greek minister, Mr. Simopoulos, determined to take up the sport, too. Then he suddenly dropped the idea. Someone said that he was thinking about the horse. A bright new monocle appeared on the horizon. It belonged to the new Egyptian minister Ratib Bey. This makes four monocles In the diplomatic corps. One of the monocled gentlemen, Minister Prochnik of Austria (who only wears his eye glass when he feels merry) contributed to the musical successes of the season by singing “Who’s Afrait of de Beeb Bet Vulff?” While wmch-bowls assumed capacious proportions at diplomatic parties, a certain decline was observed in the quality of liquor. Champagne was frequent but sweet, with intervals of low-grade cocktails. ana SOME officials viewed the general situation with rose-colored glasses. Others merely glanced at some of the flashy ties of Monsieur de Bianchi, the Portuguese Minister, who mingles London cuts with Hollywood colors. The coterie of bridge-playing fiends continued to sit up until all hours and at all times throughout the bridge season—which, incidentally, is spring, summer, autumn and winter. Tennis was much in vogue with Spanish tennis players, led by Senor Ramon Padilla, son of the former royal ambassador, and the Count-Duke de Olivares. The latter patronized the tennis courts assiduously but neglected his barber. As a result he derived the nickname, “Long-Lock.”

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

?** **> ■ ' ' W.THYOUG / UfjTHWU* \ r*\r lit 1 > LEFT j imL ,

The Message Center

(Timet readers are invited to express their views in these columns. Make your letters short, so all can have a chance. Limit them to 250 words or less.) a a a LIFE’S KNOWLEDGE IS STILL NECESSARY ' By J. P. Voorhees. When Thomas A. Edison, among other boons his life has bestowed upon society, in the courage of his convictions concerning the continuing life of the spirit, demonstrated his belief, thus setting example and encouraging others in the pursuit of spirit revelation, he opened a field hitherto prejudiced and barred. Ridicule and fear of conventional opposition, of being termed queer or crazy, have rendered so far seemingly hopeless any practical attempt to disclose the spirit as purely a part of the natural universe. It was Maeterlinck, the Belgian philosopher, it will be recalled, who said nothing gets out of the universe. That which animates life visioned on an earthly plane, call it spirit, released from material inclosure, still animates speculation concerning its existence and processes of destination. The courage of an Edison faces further exploration. Neither dogma, conventional interdiction, nor complacent acceptance of assumed authority, in an emancipated intelligence, justified any abandonment of a quest that concerns our life’s right of knowledge and satisfaction; a prevision of the natural possibilities of a miraculous and swiftly developing future—the radio, its mystery and unrevealed limit in universal acting and reacting forces or foci, human flight and the beginning of telepathy. In the even of a hopeful solution of the Edison problem, influences felt in the action and reaction of spirit relativity are assumed of last importance in universal destiny, both in bearing upon the material earthly plane and relating to the further processes of being. Doubtless offering a final and satisfactory explanation of continuing and mutually helpful operations of life and being. a a a SUGGESTS SCHEME FOR VETERANS’ PAYMENTS By a Veteran. I notice in a recent statement by our newly elected member to the Senate. Mr. Minton, that he would vote only for payment of the bonus to the needy veterans. Who would be able to determine the needs of the man, and how are they going to do it justly? If attemptec. at all, it would take an army of employes, the pay roll of which would equal that of the bonus to all veterans. As for the seheme of paying the bonus in full, and moving the date of the certificates to 1918, etc., as was suggested by another member of Congress, why should any man be penalized for holding on to his certificate while the others were borrowing on theirs to the full 50 per cent, for wouldn’t the man who kept his certificate intact and did not borrow on it, lose at least 20 per cent on the face value of It? Let me suggest this scheme for the payment of this bonus in full. Let the Government open up the loan \alue of the remaining 50 per cent of the certificates, and let those who need 10, 20 or 30 per cent or the remaining 50 per cent go to the nearest Federal Reserve Bank and present it for payment, or loan, the bank taking in tha certificate as collateral, and iu order to avoid any expense 4 of additional Federal Employes administering this service.

JUST BEFORE THE BATTLE, MOTHER!

By Joseph L. Watt, Bloomington. I have noticed several communications in your paper criticising W. W. Cook for objecting to proposed S2OO pension plan. I admit Mr. Cook was too farfetched in stating that the sums of $25 or S3O a month would be sufficient, but, she sum of S2OO a month to every old person over 60 years old is ridiculous. One hundred dollars would be more within reason. I wonder if the writers of these letters read the column “Fair Enough,” by Westbrook Pegler in the Jan. 3 issue of The Times. If they would read that article they ■would, no doubt, change their opinions. What would a married couple of 60 year do with a monthly income of S4OO when they were required to spend that within a period of a month. How on earth is a person over 60 going to find ways and means of spending that much a month without extravagant and wasteful spending. Quite a few of them would probably shorten their lives by drinking themselves to death. I have a good job and two dependents yet I would consider myself immensely lucky if I made a a a By Einstein Jr. Well, I have been waiting in vain for some of the disciples of Mahatma Townsend to refute my figures that the sales tax necessary to raise the S2OO a month pension would eat up the money in circulation. And while I was waiting I saw by the papers that Brother Townsend was at Washington telling Congress that all it would take to run the thing would be a mere $24,000,000,000 a year. Just 24 with nine zeros after it. A small trifle, when you stop to consider that a person could buy all the property in Marion County, including all the real estate and the banks and autos and both sides of Washington-st and all the farms with just one tiny billion dollars. Now 24 billion dollars represents the interest or income, clear, from 600 billion dollars, figured at 4 per cent. So you see, if we wanted to pay the S2OO a month pension for elderly persons out of income instead of thin air imagination, it would take 600 communities like Marion county all earning 4 per cent clear to raise the dough. Figuring that the entire state

let the bank charge a nominal fee for such service, the same as they do now on cashing an outside bank check the amount to be fixed by agreement between the two agencies. Let me hear what other veterans think of this scheme. a a a SUGGESTS MR. COOK LIVE ON BASKET RELIEF By J. Carter. In regard to W. W. Cook’s letter of Jan. 1, on old-age pension, he must be living on S3O a month or he wouldn’t know so much about living expenses and I bet anything he hasn’t any bristles either. He should be careful. He will be old some day, if not now. As the old saying goes, “Every one has his day.” Yours may be next. There are men working now getting from $l5O to $175 a week and also their wives working making 5C to S4O a week. Os course, nothing

Pro and Con on Pensions

S2OO a month at the peak of my earning capacities. In quoting part of Pcgler’s colume: “The Townsend plan would present the spectacle of many thousands of life-long whiners and veteran sufferers from chronic fatigue tooling over the country in luxury fit the expense of younger people who would be working hard for less money. Every one has seen certain individuals reach the age of 60 who never did care much for steady work and whose present character is no more admirable than it was before. Under this plan a diligent shirker with a living father and mother, both 60 years old or more, would be able to retire permanently and support his rising brood of Government guests on the monthly income of his old parents which would amount to SIOO a week.” And in conclusion I wonder just where J. E. Forster came under the delusion that the S2OO a month would be paid from a national retail sales tax of 2 per cent. The 2 per cent will be from the salary of every working man or woman in the nation; not from retail taxes. a a a of Indiana and the personal property on it is valued at $10,000,000,000 (which is about correct), it would take the entire income at 4 per cent from 60 states like Indiana to pay this pension. That is, if it were artually to be paid out of income. However, under the Townsend plan, it is to be raised by a sales tax. Considering that a 1 per cent sales tax in Indiana, faithfully administered by the best Democratic officials who could be elected and about fifty traveling gangs of auditors working under them, only raised some 12 to 15 million (shameful word, it stands for so little) dollars, I won’t say the Townsend plan won’t work. If 10 million people over 60 who get S2OO a month and spend it all will restore prosperity, why not give everybody S2OO a month and have more prosperity. Then none of us will have to work. We will be like that famous Utopia where every one lived by taking in each others’ washing. At least, the latter plan is one that nobody has thought up to relieve unemployment and restore that famous prosperity under which I worked fourteen hours a day for a dollar, 20 years ago.

is said about this. At that, Mr. Cook ought to live on a basket for four years. Maybe he would change his opinion on old-age pension. Some people don’t like the truth to be printed. So please let me see this in print. a a a PROTESTS PATRONAGE DEAL u j a Disgusted Democrat. - This letter is probably foreign to the general run of topics discussed in the Message Center, but I am Daily Thought Depart from me. all ye workers of iniquity; for the Lord hath heard the voice of my weeping.—Psalms vi, 8. IF thou sustain injustice, console thyself; the true unhappiness is in doing it.—Democritus. *

[l wholly'disapprove of what you say and will' l defend to the death your right to say it. — Voltaire. J

_JAN. 8, 1033

taking advantage of your column as the only medium I know of. in which to air my grievances. This letter is purely political and concerns the patronage system employed by the ward chairman in the Ninetenth Ward. The Nineteenth Ward is the largest in the city and is fundamentally Democratic. In the Sullivan election it carried the city ticket over and in the last election it counted more Democratic votes than any other ward. In spite of this fact there were no major appointments allotted to the Nineteenth Ward under the Sullivan administration and to date, there have been no big jobs passed out to the boys on the West Side. We have no members on the Board of Safety, the Board of Works, or other boards. We have no police captains, and only one or two lieutenants, and no big jobs on the fire department. It is true that one of the boys out here is third assistant street commissioner, and that Mr. Leaps, the ward chairman, has a fair job at the Courthouse, but that’s all. We have a lot of street cleaners and janitors and sewage disposal workers and are to be satisfied with it. Whenever a man from this ward is appointed to the fire department or police force, the appointment always comes from downtown and invariably the person appointed is not a member of the ward organization. The precinct committeemen out here are, with one or two exceptions, unusually intelligent, but when the election is over just let them try to get a favor. I am not a committeeman but I know all the boys out here and know that they are getting a raw deal and can not understand why the city chairman allows it. If anybody is able to answer this question. I would like to hear it. So They Say The trend is toward more wholesome and less morbid literature.— Carl H. Mil-'m, secretary, American Library Assu. There’s no sound argument for paying the bonus to fellows like me. —Senator Sherman Minton of Indiana. For some reason or other, tha public would rather watch 22 men play football than listen to six men debate.—Father John F. O’Hara,* president of Notre Dame. By changing a man’s health, we can change his w’hole viewpoint— Charles F. Kettering, automotive’ engineer. ~‘ n FOR NANCY BY HARRIET SCOTT OLIXICK Nancy, hang the mistletoe In the pale hair of the moon. Hang it carefully; and slow. Do not run too soon. Mistletoe, mistletoe Will it bring you him? That strong and handsome cavalier, To love you on a whim? Make a wish and make a bow; Then shut your eyelids tight. Here comes first love— Oh, close your eyes! He must not see their light! 1