Indianapolis Times, Volume 46, Number 207, Indianapolis, Marion County, 8 January 1935 — Page 11

It Seems to Me HEVWOD BROUN CORAL GABLES. Fla . Jan. 8. I was watching some of the great women swimmers of America. It being Sunday, the horses were not running. Nobody's feelings will be hurt. I trust, if an old gentleman expresses the opinion that a coal black filly tearing down the stretch with a lead of two lengths is a more lovely sight than a lady thrashing through the water. I have even known gray horses to look magnificent if they won. But anybody who believes in

change through evolution or otherwise can hardly fail to pay close attention to the swimming girls. Evolution has a bad name with many people because they think of it as a process which shows no results short of many thousands of generations. But the women of America, in the water or out, are moving much more rapidly than that. Within my own lifetime I have seen changes which were almost revolutionary. It is curious that so many should express the belief that America is static and must remain so when there is so much available evidence to the contrary.

Hev wood Broun

Any one of a hundred gifted girls today could give the best woman swimmer of 20 years ago a lead of the whole length of the pool and easily defeat her in a hundred-yard swim. Indeed the records go tumbling every day. m m m Twelve Recorda Fall I SAW twelve broken in an afternoon. It may be argued that such things are trivial and represent nothing more than an improvement in technique. But after all it is an improvement in technique wdiich the advocates of more eouitable distribution are after. These things go on with amazing rapidity in all games and sports. But the business man who spends hours every w r eek in taking lessons in how to improve his golfing swing will still contend that in the counting house things must still go on as in the da vs of his father and his great-grandfather as well. To some extent the extraordinary increase in the prowess of women athletes may be explained by changes in garb. Twenty years ago women went into the water attired in such a way that they w'ere lucky to be able to keep afloat, much less break swimming records. But Ido not think that these are little things. When any nation begins to discard its native costume it may very well be on the way to rid itself of a king or a ruling class. The powder of the Manchu lords had already begun to wane when Chinese started getting along without pigtails and from Enver Pasha's passion in the matter I judge that he regaids the wearing of the fez as an important political and economic issue. The woman who allowed men to tell her that she must wear a skirt and stockings w’hen she indulged in public bathing was a mugg with no will of her own. You could get a woman like that to do almost anything right down to voting for Warren Gamaliel Harding. B B B It's a Minor Revolution I SAW just yesterday a little girl of 4 do a perfect dive from a 20-foot springboard. Now certainly as she matures no one will get very far in telling her that woman is the weaker vessel. I have no intention of minimizing the great psychic effect of suffrage, but it was not the only factor in the process of emancipation. The first braw lassie who smacked a drive more than 200 yards put in a good blow for her sex. When woman began to see the captains of finance and the industrial generals upon the golf courses the secret came out. This has been a society of duffers, by duffers and for duffers. In the days to come such phrases as, “You are so wonderful, Mr. Blekinsnip.” will be heard in the land with decreasing intensity. At the moment I do not think that American women are the backbone of radical movements. Having bepn through a minor revolution the sex may be prepared to rest up for a little while. But having found change not only possible, but distinctly good, women will be eager recruits for still greater progress. And quite possibly the drive against war will be a prime factor in moving the women of America to the left. People who work for peace soon find that high resolves and petitions and orations are not enough. They learn quickly that in order to end wars it is necessary to end the conditions under which they are fomented. I do not mean that Miss Eleanor Holm learned to oreak the back stroke record through a careful study of Karl Marx, but I do think that as the girls get good at games they w'ill increasingly be animated to say, "Now it’s your turn to listen. This time I’m telling you.” • Copyright. 19351

Your Healt.. BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN TO get an idea of the extent to which common sense health regulations are practiced in American homes, a questionnaire was sent to 13,000 public school children by a committee working with the White House conference on child health. The questionnaire asked particular’y about sleeping arrangements, the time of going to bed, eating habits, baths taken, and tooth brushing. Few children have rooms to themselves. Children of German parentage had roomed alone in 40 per cent of cases; Negro children in only 19 pier cent. Among children of Italian descent, 20 per cent had individual rooms and 8 per cent slept double. The average time of going to bed varies from 9:15 for rural boys to 10:15 for boys who became delinquent. The average time of going to bed for adolescents was 9:15 for country girls and 10 for city girls. One child reported his time of going to bed as 5 a. m.! a a a VERY few children admitted doing without baths during the preceding week, but it was quite interesting that a rural Negro group was the only one that reported no child with a bathless week. The children of Italian descent had the highest percenttage without baths—namely. 5 per cent. As an indication of the extent to which the tooth brushing campaign has spread, daily brushing of the teeth was reported by most of the children. The lowest records were found among children of Italian and Mexican descent. From 53 to 71 p>er cent of children in the other groups reported daily brushing of the teeth. Here, also, it is interesting to discover that the rural white group fell lower than any of the other groups, except the Italian and Mexican. a a a T3 test the exent to which these observances were an index of health, tables were constructed in which the children were grouped according to number of baths, number of times the teeth were brushed, eating habits and sleeping arrangements. No relationship was established. Children who are not sick at all, children who were sick in bed for a week or more, and children who were sick for just a few days have generally the same habits regarding bathing, brushing of teeth and eating between meals. However, there seems to oe no question that ill health when it did occur in these children, had a definite effect on their lives and on their personalities. 11l health seems to be as much an emotional and social handicap as a physical one. It is necessary for parents to give attention not only to the physical condition of the ch_ld, but also to his emotional reactions. Questions and Answers Q —Who wrote the “Goldfish Song” featured in “Registered Nurse?” A—Sammy Fain and Irving Kahal. Q —W r hat was the language of Jesus? A— lt is generally conceded that he spoke the Aramaic dialet of the Hebrew.

Fnll Wlr Service of the United Press Association

THE PROBLEMS OF CONGRESS

Relief Task of Nation Will Be Weighed by Party Leaders

This Is the teeond of four itorlei in irhirb Rndnpy Dutcbrr, Tbe Indianapolis Times Washington eorrespondent, tells what may be expected from Congress at its coming session. BY RODNEY DUTCHER The Times Washington Correspondent • Copyright. 1935, NEA Service. Inc.) WASHINGTON, Jan. B.—Congress,, with the advice of the President, must provide for 23,000,000 persons who are expected to be on relief rolls before the winter is over. It also will make the first stab at a social security system similar in part to those long existent in the nations of Europe. These two vast programs should not be confused with each other. Unemployment insurance is not unemployment relief, as it doesn't apply to those now unemployed. Oldage pension legislation to be enacted, however, may tend to reduce the unemployment relief burden. Federal, state and local relief are now costing around $175,000,000 a month. More than $3,250,000,000 was spent for relief—including charity—since May, 1933, and almost the entire load now is being carried by the Treasury. Relief is by far the biggest factor in direct New Deal expenses, in deficits and unbalanced budgets. Although unemployment has been reduced, the relief army has grown as the last resources of the unemployed have been exhausted. Existing relief standards are inadequate to prevent suffering. Congress has been asked to finance a program which will take as many people as possible off cash relief and put them at productive or other socially valuable work. Months ago President Roosevelt came to agree with FERA Administrator Harry Hopkins that the cash dole was bad for the unemployed and bad for the country. “Work relief” has been the subject of numerous New Deal conferences and is the Administration's latest answer to the problem of the 10,000,000 unemployed. Big business, assembled at White Sulphur Springs, has demanded the cash dole and as little of that as passible. The dole is a bit cheaper than work relief The Administration will have no trouble persuading Congress to go the limit of any program for relief that it presents. Its difficulties will come when liberal groups in Congress insist on going farther in expenditures, especially with regard to a public works program. nan ALTHOUGH the National Association of Manufacturers and the United States Chamber of Commerce ask further study of unemployment insurance and old-age insurance before anything is done about them, the Roosevelt social se-

—T h c DAILY WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND By Drew Pearson and Robert S. Allen -

WASHINGTON, Jan. B.—ln inner Administration circles Father Coughlin's recently launched National League for Social Justice is viewed with deep suspicion. Politicos think the league really is a third party movement, that the crusading priest is preparing the ground for his independent candidacy in 1936.

Father Coughlin’s growing public coolness toward the President, numerous reports reaching Washington of disparaging private remarks, and Father Coughlin’s known close friendship with Huey Long are considered significant straws in the wind. An incidental anomaly in the situation is the fact that Father Coughlin and ex-No. 1 Bra.n Truster Ray Moley are on close terms. . . . The manager of Washington's burlesque show says that some of his most regular customers are members of Congress—and not bachelors, either. . . . Missouri’s veteran Democratic Representative Jack Cochran resumed his seat this session as holder of a unique distinction. In last year's elections he was a candidate for both the Senate and the House. He executed this maneuver by running for the senatorial nomination and having a henchman stand for his House seat. When he lost the Senate race, the lieutenant withdrew, and Jack stepped into his old place. a a a HAVING failed so far to block the Senate munitions investigation by above-board opposition, some of the big arms dealers have issued a sub rosa pamphlet against Stephen Raushenbush, who has done a superb job as the committee's investigator. They have dug into Raushenbush's divorce and some other alleged details of his private life. Without Raushenbush, the munitions moguls know the Senate committee would be severely handicapped. Jim West, hired at the instance of Hoover as publicity man for the Republican National Committee, now is operating as a capital lobbyist. His latest job is observer for some of the munitions companies . . . The Government pay check received by such erudite workers as Prof. Rexford G. Tugwell and other brain trusters reads on the back; "If indorsement is made by mark ix> it must be witnessed by two persons who can write, giving their place of residence in full.” a a a PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT exercised unusual precautions to keep secret ttye contents of his message to Congress. Some of the Cabinet members and close advisers saw separate portions while it was in preparation, but none, except the Government printers, had a look at a complete copy until he read it to Congress. . . . Ins de word has reached Adminisi a lon authorities that the President's bare-knuckle anti-power activities have aroused much alarm in Wall Street. Pressure is being put on truculent utility moguls to moderate their attitude, slash rates and squeeze out over-

The Indianapolis Times

curity program also w’ill encounter a demand for more expensive measures than the Administration is new willing to espouse. It is fairly certain that, regardless of what Congress does, the bulk of relief families will have to go through the winter on cash relief. Other plans look forward to the future and it appears that industry will be given opportunity to reduce unemployment between now and spring before Government actually puts men to work on any large new unemployment projects. Congress will listen attentively to Mr. Hopkins when he is called before committees to give his recommendations. A 1935 budget of $2,500,000,000 would enable Hopkins to place on work relief every head of a family and single person now on the rolls. It would cover the various existent work relief and rehabilitation projects. Mr. Hopkins and Secretary Harold Ickes, between them, have recommended billions for grade crossings, construction, expanded subsistence homesteads, rural electrification, flood control, slum clearance and cheap housing, road building, and things like that. Mr. Ickes estimates, for instance that $1,500,000,000 could be spent on grade crossing work and up to $2,000,000,000 for slum clearance and housing for the lowest income group. Mr. Hopkins w'ould like to see a large development of the plan by which the unemployed are put at work producing goods 'or one another—both the workers and their goods existing outside the competitive economic system. He may also propose, as an economy move, establishemnt of Government warehouses in every community. Both suggestions evoke howls from business interest).’. emu SOME long-range public works program seems fairly certain. J.n that connection, remember that one of Mr. Roosevelt’s pet dreams is bound up in the report of the National Resources Board, which has recommended a permanent national planning board to develop national resources—material and human—for benefit of the people; a permanent PWA program, with a long-range six-year budget; a land planning program to retire 5,000,000 acres of sub-marginal land a year for 15 years; a program to use principal rivers for water power and navigation, and a $10,000,000,000 PWA program, to be used in depression time. How r much of this will get to Congress this year is uncertain, but some of it will—in connection with the Administration’s idea of putting the employable unemployed at work. Mr. Roosevelt w’ants the dole burden taken off the Treasury. That’s

capitalization before it is too late. . . . Postmaster General Jim Farley is considering anew strategy to boost stamp collector sales. He is planning to hold “last day” sales as well as “first day” sales on special stamp issues. By this method postal officials believe they can increase revenues several hundred thousand dollars a year. Jim’s greatest pride in life is his record as a business man. a a a CORDELL HULL, shy Secretary of State, almost never goes out to dinner unless invited to the White House. When he entered the Cabinet it was with the understanding that his assistant secretaries would do the wining and dining. . . . Pink-cheeked Ogden Mills, Hoover’s Secretary of Treasury, has closed one of the New York hotels where single men could get a room for 50 cents a night. Founded by his grandfather Darius, as a semi-charity, the hotel was supported by Mills money for 37 years. Harry Hopkins and FERA put it out of business, although two others are still operating. . . . Mrs. James M. Doran, president of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union of Washington. once wrote a pamphlet entitled “Prohibition Cocktails,” giving non-alcoholic recipes. Now her husband is director of the Distilled Spirits Institute. P.-T. A. WILL HEAR LEGION CHILD EXPERT Miss Emma Puschner to Speak to Shortridge Group. The Shortridge Parent-Teacher Association will meet at 7:45 next Tuesday night in Caleb Mills Hall, the school auditorium. Miss Emma Puschner, national director of Child Welfare of the American Legion, will speak on "Child Welfare Legislation Needed in Indiana.” Fred Newell Norris, well known bass singer, will offer a group of songs. Mr. Paul R. Mathews will play several selections on the organ. DRUG STORE HELD UP Bandits Brandish Pistols, Make Way With $33 in Cash. Two Negro bandits brandished pistols after they made a purchase of medicine in the Blodau drug store, Boulevard-pl and 16th-st at 9:30 last night and escaped after taking $8 from the cash register and $25 from the pockets of Ward Wilson, manager, after they had chased him behind the prescription case.

INDIANAPOLIS, TUESDAY, JANUARY 8, 1935

/

The aged and jobless Their plight challenges Congress

impossible now, but it’s hoped to achieve it by getting the employables at work in private industry and then transferring responsibility for the unemployables—of whom millions are on relief—to the states. Meanwhile, the Administration is about to bow’, in some degree, to a great popular demand for old-age pensions, as well as to ask Congress for an unemployment insurance act. Congressional mail contains more demands for old-age pensions than for any other legislation. A national health insurance program has also been studied by the President’s Committee on Economic Security, but probably won’t be presented at this session. The committee is also making strong recommendations for re-employment and rehabilitation programs. Present predictions are that unemployment insurance will be financed by a 3 per cent Federal tax on pay rolls beginning in 1936 and will pay a benefit at the rate of 50 per cent of wages with a maximum of sls a week, with a week of benefit payment for every four w’eeks of previous employment. The catch in this plan, as now described, is that if business, according to the Federal Reserve Index, doesn’t average 90 per cent normal in 1935 the tax will be only 1 per cent.

THIEVES GET RINGS, ONE VALUED AT $650 Burglars Arrive in Large Sedan, Pick Jewels Carefully. A description of a large, green sedan today was the only clew to two discriminating jewel thieves who late yesterday broke into the home of H. E. Argabright, R. R. 3, and escaped with a diamond ring valued at $650 and a heavy gold wedding ring. Deputy Sheriffs said the thieves had examined other rings and jewels in the house before making their selection. A neighbor, not knowing Mr. Argabright was away from home, thought nothing of it when he saw two men alight from the sedan and enter the house, only to leave a short time later. Lawyers Install President Donald F. Lafuze, newly elected president of the Lawyers’ Association of Indianapolis, Inc., today was to be installed at a luncheon at the Washington. Committee chairmen were to be announced at the meeting.

SIDE GLANCES

j j j- ~ : '§f

“I kept kicking your ankle, but you just wouldn’t understand that I wanted you to lead your highest spade.”

'T'HAT provision is likely to be bitterly contested, as there’s no assurance or even any strong belief in the 90 per cent average. Each state would operate its own insurance system, collecting the tax and administering its own fund. Efforts among Administration advisers for a system in which employes would contribute appear to have been defeated. Opponents argued that employers would pass their share to consumers and that labor shouldn’t be soaked twice. Labor is expected to fight that reported part of the Administration program which would exempt many small employers and to insist that all employers o 1 three or more workers—except in case of farm, professional, and government workers —come in. You may also expect some agitation in Congress for Federal contributions, with argument that a Federal fund would help states subject to cyclical hazards. There’s no telling what form the old-age insurance measure may take, because of great popular pressure for the radical Townsend plan with which the Administration may have to make some compromise.

I COVER THE WORLD * * * mam By William Philip Simms

WASHINGTON, Jan. B.—Peace moves of an importance difficult to exaggerate are now in full swing not only in Europe but in America. Convinced that world recovery from the depression is being seriously, if not fatally, handicapped by the constant specter of war, statesmen here and across the Atlantic, are making desperate efforts to rid the world of that specter. President Roosevelt is actively behind the efforts of this country. Broadly, his program includes two major divisions. First, to co-operate with the rest of the world, as far as he may, to forestall another war. Second, should war come, to keep this country out of it if humanly possible.

The President’s budget message yesterday emphasized why not only he, but leading statesmen everywhere, are so desperately trying to find a peace formula. In a world forever facing the danger of tvar, the cost of the national defense is steadily mounting. From $480,000,000 in 1934, tne 1936 budget calls for nearly $800,000,000 —to be exact, $792,484,000. The veterans administration — care of the veterans of past wars —is likewise rising. Last year it called for $545,000,000. For the

By George Clark

The Administration proposal would almost certainly take the 'grant-aid form in the beginning. The Federal Government would contribute a third—or perhaps half —of the amount to be paid in pensions, and the states the balance. (Congressman Keller of Illinois asks that the Government contribute 75 or 80 per cent of the amount at first.) There are 6,500,000 Americans beyond the age of 65—the probable age limit to be fixed—and about half of them are dependent on relatives, charity, or relief. Old-age pensions would take many off relief rolls, which is one chief aim. Members of the President’s Committee have figured that beneficiaries should receive at least S3O a month, but initial federal aid pensions are likely not to exceed sls or S2O. The grant-aid measure would apply to persons already beyond the age limit in states which already have old-age pensions or whicii subsequently adopt them. Twenty-eight states now have oldage pension laws, but few of the systems are functioning. m a C'l RANT-AID would be replaced T gradually by a contributory system which would be set up in the same act. The contributory system would call for small payments by persons under 65 and by their employers into an old-age pension fund which would begin to function after it accumulated sufficient assets. Now as for the plan sponsored by Dr. Frank E. Townsend, who says he has 1500 Townsend clubs in 48 states with more than 15,000,000 members. (If those figures were proved correct I would take back the assertion that the Townsend bill can't win.) Everybody over 60 would be paid a Federal pension of S2OO a month and would have to spend it all and stop working. Townsend says this would promptly wipe out the unemployment army of 10,000,000 because 4,000,000 old people would turn over their jobs to others and 6.000,000 would get jobs through the stimulus of all that spending. There are about 10,000,000 persons over 60, so, depending on how many accepted the pensions, the cost would run somewhere toward $2,000.000,000 a month. The money would be raised by a sales tax which, Townsend says, should be from 4 to 10 per cent after an initial couple of billions from the Treasury to get the plan started. Federal social security experts say the plan would cost about half the national income, require at least a 40 per cent tax, inflate prices chaotically, and be impossible to operate and enforce. NEXT Revamping NRA and what about labor?

coming fiscal year the figures in round numbers are $705,000,000. tt tt tt r T''HE national debt charge, alX most all of it due to war expenditures, will foot up to $1,511,000,000. Total for these three items alone —national defense, veterans administration and debt charge—will be above $3,000,000,000. The national debt of the United States in 1915 was a mere $1,225,000,000. By the end of the next fiscal year, it will exceed $34,000,000,000. Almost all of this can be laid to war. Today the statesmen of France, Italy, Great Britain and other European powers are up against precisely the same problems as President Roosevelt. But few of them have anything like America’s wealth or resources to back them up. They admit that another great war would doom them all. Over the week-end, in Rome, therefore, Premier Mussolini and Foreign Minister Laval, of France, conferred in the hope of bringing about a coalition to safeguard their own peace and the peace of Europe. O tt tt GERMANY, the most feared power in Europe, will be asked to join. If she refuses, they will do what they can to tie her hands and prevent her njaking trouble. Tomorrow the Senate Foreign Relations Committee is expected to take steps to put the United States into the World Court, with reservations. The White House, State Department and leading Senators are understood already to be in agreement on a formula. None, however, look upon this step alone as insuring peace. Admittedly, the court is just a step in a constructive direction. Wide co-operation with foreign powers, it is said, is essential to bring about arms reduction and limitation with security at the same time at minimum financial cost to each nation. A third step contemplated by the United States is a clarification of its neutrality laws. There is reason to believe that in the event of another major war Americans may find their profits drastically curtailed, whether Uncle Sam Is in it or out of it. This Government, according to a project now under official study, does not propose to run the risk of a foreign war merely to add to somebody* war profits.

Second Section

Entered as Seeond-Claas Matter at Postoffiee. Indianapolis. Ind.

Fair Enough wnwHLHt WASHINGTON, D. C„ Jan. B.—Far be it from your correspondent to thro v anythign at the piano player when he is doing the best he can, but it does seem that Mr. Roosevelt slurred a few bars of his piece when he referred to the over- privileged and under-privileged classes and just let it go at that. Perhaps, given time and practice, he will go back over that part of it and be a little more distinct. Just offhand, of course, it is easy to think of extreme examples of over-privilege and under-

privilege. There are the Morgans, the Whitneys and the Franklin D. Roosevelts on the one hand and the textile slaves, the five-and-ten girls and the West Virginia miners on the other. It is not with sarcastic intent that the Franklin D. Roosevelts are mentioned among the overs. They just happen to be an example intimately involved in the problem. They have a fat, baronial estate in the heart of the Hudson River dude country, a town house in New York, a name which is a privilege in itself, some money and a birthright to a Harvard education, which is no minor privilege, either, al-

thought some Harvards do not make the mast of it and then go around low-rating Harvard instead of themselves. m tto They Are Over-Privileged CERTAINLY the Roosevelts are over-privileged by comparison with a family of Arkansas sharecroppers or a New York waitress whose tenure in her job depends on her willingness to let some greasy chef maul her over every time she goes into the kitchen for a blue plate special. Somewhere between the two extremities there would lie that exact level at which all would enjoy equal privilege but, in the lack of an official gauge, there are millions of people who will have to wonder whether they are under or over or just about on the imaginary line. It is hard for a man to admit that he is too well off in life as long as he has ambition. If he has had a decent job throughout the great American panic, as many men ha\e, he may be grateful to any God of which his spirit is aware without feeling that he is over-privileged. Even if he owns a home in the suburbs and a good car he will hardly tell himself that this is more than he deserves and that he is only a tenement and motorcycle man, after all. Privilege runs with money and now that Mr. Roosevelt, in the course of the same address, has plumped for the preservation of the profit-motive in business it is difficult to see how he would equalize privilege. Your correspondent once had experience with a business firm in which the profit-motive was strong, whose business policy was to trim costs, especially wages, by awarding the foremen a percentage of all the money which they thus managed to save. mum They Paid the Bill IT is astonishing how stingy and greedy a normal man can be when he is given to understand that out of every dollar which he contrives to withhold from the people producing that which the firm has to sell, he will be given a nickel or a dime. The hands who were once his fellow-workmen begin to detest him a id w'atch whh fierce hatred the gradual enlargement of his ci idition in life. When he drives up in more and more expensive cars and moves into more and more luxurious houses they do mental arithmetic figuring how much of the cost was sweated out of them. Still, it will have to be admitted that in a firm guided by the profit-motive this is an ideal system of increasing profits for many executives have grown rich on rather modest percentages of the money which they cribbed off the normal earnings of the heip. Your correspondent knew one executive so greedy that he demanded that the stump of the old pencil be turned in to the supply room before another W'ould be issued. It is a nice idea which Mr. Roasevelt has, but with money and privilege absolutely synonymous and the profit-motive what it is and greed a major ingredient in human nature, your correspondent can not guess how he intends to go about it unless he is thinking of. the creation of anew kind of man, which would be an idea worth trying, anyw’ay. > (Copyright. 1935, by Unite and Feature Syndicate, Inc.)

Today s Science BY DAVID DIETZ

THE discovery of artificial radio-activity, which I nominated on New Year’s Day as the most important scientific event of 1934, is listed as "the outstanding discovery in physical chemistry during 1934” by Dr. Harrison E. Howe, editor of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, in his annual review of the world of chemistry. I am pleased to have so distinguished an authority in agreement with me. Artificial radio-activity was discovered by Prof. F. Joliot of Paris and his w’ife, Mme. Irene CurieJoliot, the daughter of Pierre and Marie Curie, the discoverers of radium. Dr. Howe, as I did, also calls attention to the important extensions already made in this field, notably the work of the Italian physicist, Prof. Enrico Fermi, in making some 60 chemical elements radio-active by bombarding them with neutrons, and the work of Prof. O. A. Lawrence of the University of California in making ordinary table salt powerfully radio-active. This discovery of Prof. Lawrence, it is believed, will have important uses in the medical field, in the fight on cancer and elsewhere. The isolation of protactinium, element No. 91, for the first time in history, was also an outstanding event of 1934, Dr. Howe says. This work was done by Dr. Aristid Von Grosse of Chicago. a a a DR. HOWE also lists the discovery of triple-weight hydrogen by Lord Rutherford of England, and the synthetic preparation of anew element, No. 93. prepared by Prof. Fermi in Rome by bombarding uranium, element No. 92, with neutrons. Dr. Howe, however, calls attention to the fact that the existence of element No. 93 has not yst been conclusively confirmed. Soviet Russia issued a postage stamp in honor of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Prof. Dmitri Mendeleeff. It was Mendeleeff who first grouped the 92 chemical elements into the so-called periodic table. All 92 were not known in his day, but he boldly left blanks for the missing ones and rightly predicted whet they would be like when discovered. tt tt and PHYSICISTS at Columbia University undertook to measure the size of the neutron during 1934. This is one of the newer sub-atomic particles having mass, but no electric charge. Its diameter was fixed by the Columbia physicists at .0000000000001 inch. That is one ten-triliionth of an Inch. Dr. Howe also calls attention to the fact that Dr. P. W. Bridgman, working in his high-pressure laboratory at Harvard, succeeded by the application of high pressures in changing phosphorus into anew molecular form which is black and practically noninflammable. Q—Are enlisted men in the Civilian Conservation Corps part of the United States Army? A—No. Q —What does the expression “anchors awelgh" mean? A—lt means that the flukes of the anchor art just clear of the bottom. Q— What Is the name of the cross with an extra lateral bar across the top? A— The Patriarchal Cross. Q—Who Is the Governor of Virginia? A—George C. Peery.

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Westbrook Pegler