Indianapolis Times, Volume 46, Number 202, Indianapolis, Marion County, 2 January 1935 — Page 9

STAN. 2, 1935.

/ Coyer (he World WPHIUP SIMMS vifASHINGTON. Jan. 2—A race to fortify the * ’ islands of the Pacific looms as one of the t mena"' tot which japan s denunciation of the e. val limitation treaties Rung wide the door. •J Article 19. of the Treaty of Washington, pledges Pthe United States, Great Britain and Japan not to 9 strengthen their respective fortifications within a specified zone in the western Pacific. Under treaty, America may not fortify further the Philippine-. Guam or the Aleutian Islands.

Britain may not further fortify HongKong or anv of her possessions east of | I Australia. New Zealand and Canada. I Japan similarly is barred from I strengthening the Kuriles, Bonins, I Amami-Oshimas. Loochoos, Formosa and th“ Pescadores, “and any insular I temtorities and possessions in the Pa- | ciftc ocean which she may hereafter acquire.’’ Article 19 has iv'en junked along with the rest of the treaty. Japan, • America and Britain, after 1936. therefore. may stud the Pacific with Gibraltars. In such a race Japan may hold the

Wm. Philip Simms

n. ide track The region is dotted with islands manrated to Japan, reaching two-third- of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines. They flank all the sea lanes to and from the Orient and Australia. a a a Thru’re AH Dynamite 'T'HESE islands are- filled with international I dynamite. Both the naval treaty and the League of Nations mandate forbid fortification. But with the former out of the way, Japan has shown •hat she little fears the latter. America is a party to Japan's occupancy of the slands. She is a moral partner, out there, of the League of Nations. It was during the now historic Washington conference that former Slate Secretary Hughes announced an agreement between America and Japan with respect to the island of Yap and other mandated islands. With respect to Yap the United States was to have freedom of access, cable, radio and other facilities. As to the mandated islands: “The United States consents,” says the agreement, “to the administration by Japan of the mandated islands of the Pacific north of the equator, subject to above provisions with respect to the island of Yap, and also subject to the following conditions: "America is to have the benefit of Japan's pledges to the league. "Slave trade shall be prohibited, arms traffic controlled, the supplying of intoxicating liquors to natives forbidden, and freedom of movement for missionaries granted. a a a A 'aval Rases Barred “XTO military or naval bases shall be established 1 or fortifications erected in the territory. “It is agreed that any modifications in the mandate are to be subject to the consent of the United N;ates and, further, that Japan will address to the ;u:ed States a duplicate report on the administration of the mandate.'’ Already the league has had Japan on the carpet for questioning. There have been reports that she is fortifying the islands and building naval bases there. Japan's reply was not considered satisfactory and Japan will be questioned further. Meanwhile, 1935 terminates Japans connection With the league. As she holds the islands under Iravue mandate, a crisis may easily arise, America will then back down or become involved.

Autos More Deadly

r-pHE changing health picture is painted sharply by I Dr. Robert A. Fraser, chief medical director of the New York Life Insurance Company in a comparison of his company s experiences in the 50-year period from 1845 to 1894 with the five-year period from 1927 to 1931. In the early 50-year period, tuberculosis caused 14 7 per cent of the total deaths," he says, "while in the 1927-31 period this disease accounted for only 5.7 per rent, a reduction of almost 60 per cent. "Cancer, in the early 50 years, caused 3.7 per cent of all deaths, and in the recent five-year period, 10.9 per cent of all deaths. "Cardiovascular diseases, the so-called depenerative diseases or those that are considered to be the irsult of the wear and tear of human existence, durJlnp the years 1845-94 accounted for 31 per cent of the rdeaths. while in the period 1927-31. 42 per cent. "Pneumonia, influenza and acute respiratory infections show a ratio slightly more favorable in the later years, beinp 10.5 per cent from 1845-94 and 8 per cent in the period 1927-31. "The accident ratio shows a shocking and regrettable rise. f. 11 the more shocking because the majority of accidents can and should bo avoided. In the period 1845-94 accidents caused 5.2 per cent of all deaths, while in the 1927-31 period they caused 9.4 per cent of ali deaths." The great offender in the matter of accidents Is, of course, the automobile. a a a Dr. FRASER points out that the rise in deaths from heart disease and cancer is larpelv due to the fact that fewer persons die today from infections in infancy or youth. But he adds: "Over-exert ion from too much work with too little rest causes the body to wear out prematurely with the result that there are many persons who have died in' their forties or fifties, when by more careful living they might have lived to be 60 or 70. "A person who is suffering from signs or symptoms of strain should relax and rest as the body machine ;rots more good out of actual rest than any other procedure.” n n a ON the subject of exercise. Dr. Fraser says: • Many men make the mistake of thinking that what thev need to put them in good shape is exercise. • Exercise in its proper place is good, but mtdrile*crd men who have not been in the habit of taking r.mlv exercise from youth should not think that thev ire doing themselves good by indulging in some form of strenuous exercise once a week . . , "Many persons overdo a thing likp golf which is of t itself a good exercise for middle-aged men. but too Lranv Individuals force themselves to play 18 holes Ks golf when nine or even less would sometimes be ”ouch. The trite remark of Chauncev Depew that Btr got his exercise walking in the funeral processions Fef his golfing friends is worthy of mention.” Q—Dcscribe the eruption of Kilauea volcano in September 1934. A— Sept 6 1934 Kilauea had its most spectacular emotion in vears. A gigantic fountain of lava, bmhng upward from Halrmaumau. the fire pit of the \oleano. broke through the ancient walls and spilled in*o Kilauea crater on the side of the peak. Ear.it shocks began about 2 a. m.. and the eruption followed 55 minutes later. Within half an hour, the whole floor 0 f the great fire pit was covered 50 feet deep with molten rock. No damage was reported. Q— Are alien residents in the United States required to pay federal income taxes? A— Yes. IQ— Where is Toronto University? A— Toronto. Ontario, Canada. Q —What is the air line distance between New York City and Los Angeles? A —Two thousand four hundred forty-six miles. Q—What is the Southern Crass? A—A constellation, or group of stars, in the southern heavens, situated near the Antarctic circle and therefore never visible in nonhem latitudes. It consists of four bright stars, to which fancy, aided by Christian associations, gives the cruciform shape. Q—How large Is the King Ranch in Texas? A—lt contains about one and one-half million MV Mid has approximately 125,000 head of cattle.

Uauptmann on trial •' J L The Courtroom Cast

T TARRY M’CREA is a kindly man. Before he became Warden of Hunterdon County’s fieldstone jail he had been railway worker, storekeeper, rural mail carrier. With his mild brown eyes, baldish head, portly figure and toothbrush mustache he looks a ' it like an English sergeant ..iajor who has had a long tour \f orderly room duty. He is an appointee of the brisker, more obviously worldly High Sii-riff Curtiss and his home is in the little hamlet of Pattenberg in the northwest corner* of the county, seventeen miles from Flemington. There he has five acres of orchard land, mostly apples. Their produce he brings down to the jail and gives to "the boys.” The warden, 54 years old, is not only married, but a grandfather—newly a grandfather and inordinately proud. Two daughters and a son are all grown. With Mrs, McCrea and an unmarried daugnter he spends most of his time these days in the living quarters at the prison. This structure, adjoining the Courthouse to which it is linked by a second-story passageway, was built in 1926. Sturdy and wellequipped within, its gray walls and barred entryway give it an incongruous resemblance to a Mexican caserne, all that is lacking is a mestizo soldier and a delapidated sentrybox. Before it was built the jail quarters were in the century-old Courthouse building. Were they there today there might have been reason for confining Richard Bruno Hauptmann elsewhere. a a a MR. McCrea was working for the Lehigh Valley in those days, but he evidently had seen the ancient cellblocks, for he remarked: ‘‘You ought to have been around before we got this new building. That old jail was what you call a prison. Locks and keys and dungeons. Now\ you take this jail, It's real modern. "There was a lot of stuff in the papers at first about keeping Bruno in Trenton until the trial, but that was before they saw the pictures of this place. When they saw the pictures they could tell this wasn’t any hick jail.” Ordinarily the warden has only two assistants. Now, of course, his staff has been augmented by troopers from the frame barracks a few blocks away. The general atmosphere of his hoosegow is oddly homey, an impression heightened by the row of empty milk bottles reposing on an abbreviated "front porch.” Before Richard Bruno Hauptmann came to stay awhile and

-T hr DAILY WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND . By Drew Pearson and Robert S. Allen

WASHINGTON, Jan. 2.—As the gavels call the Seventy-fourth Congress to order at noon tomorrow, a large question mark wall hang over both houses.

Can the man in the White as he is, ride herd on the swollen and variegated ranks of Congress which call’ themselves Democrats? It is a question which time will answer. But, meanwhile, three facts stand out from the situation with which he must deal: 1. The political line-up is completely lopsided. Democrats outnumber Republicans and Independents 3 to 1. 2. The leaders of the Democratic hordes, although elected on a New Deal ticket, privately are out of step and out of sympathy with the left-of-center policy in the White House. 3. Most of these Democratic leaders are men of mediocre ability. Far abler leaders, especially in the Senate, are in the ranks of the radicals. The net result has all the elements for heated discussion and turmoil. On one side there is a powerful bloc of right-wingers. Most of them veterans. They dominate committees through the rule of seniority. This is an advantage of great strategical value. On the other side is a polyglot army of varying degrees of liberalism. ranging from earnest reformers to wild-eyed greenbacks and “share-the-wealthers.” What these forces lack in parliamentary position they will more than make up in noise and turbulence. This fact has caused sober thought around the White House. It is not so much the Old Guard Democrats who are feared as serious disturbers, but what may happen on the left bank. This is what makes the lack of outstanding Congressional leadership so serious to the Administration. a a a PARTICULARLY is this true in the House. Tied and gagged by drastic rules, this chamber is not the legislative threat that is the unhampered Senate. But politically it- can be a big thorn in the side of any Administration. A strong, astute leadership would greatly reinforce the President's hand in avoiding pitfalls, as was repeatedly demonstrated in the last Congress. Now his one consolation is that Republican leadership is of no better quality. Also there is yet no outstanding champion in radical ranks. a a a SPEAKER JOE BYRNS is a veteran Tennessee machine politician who owes his elevation to No. 1 man to the fact that the White House have the courage openly to express its private view, that it preferred an abler man. The Administration had every reason to oppose Byrns. His rec-

TMANN ON TRIAL >' PjiE^J rbsa a |oo ffi _C||i = =^i^^j jj® fgj |jj| ajfjfc. Warden McCrea finds Haupt ", f Mi f m .Wf man "no more trouble than an t f 8 S fIL don't think lie con’d go to a sane j Hj I 1 |k place to find a trial. In the cit . tjp w||l a thing, happens and cvcrybori * fijlft HB gets excited and then it's forgot pM * H |I BP ten. In a country place like tin i | Bapgfin \SS3L people are slow and doliberat I I . ifll .. . they think things over. | |§j -M Wm ill "Everybody I've talked to wan! ' *S§ fit Sis Wsm him to have a lair trial. The evi ’ 4 __ j i'} 'll Pi Ml MM dence will have to be eonvincini * j . Ilr *fy" 'llll "Whv, I was on a murder jut / j ;ni|| 11 myself back in 1923. War w ere ot *'/ MM a week." l I * r * M’CREA thinks Colonel I I IVI Norman Schwarzkopf, con y £ % |pf„ " - jSpi —M manding the New Jersey Stat p j if. \ Police, is a fine man, who "ga\ ‘ . ..... n^-- '[[" r * | M the newspapers a good break

Warden Harry McCrea indicates the cell occupied in Hunterdon County jail by Bruno Richard Hauptmann.

with him a horde of reporters and photographers, the walkway leading to this front porch was bordered by a rock garden green with ferns wljich Mr. McCrae had gathered in motor trips about the countryside. ‘‘They came here and trampled all over the place, killing my ferns,” said the warden in gentle annoyance, “and then some of them went off and wrote stories for their papers about mobs. If there was a mob they was it.” The jail population in Hunterdon County has risen more than 100 per cent in the last year, according to the warden, who in 1933 had “six or seven” charges as against fifteen today. 8 8 8 AT first he said 14, but quickly corrected himself. “No, no,” he chuckled. “I'm wrong. I forgot all about Bruno.” This rise in registration Mr. McCrea attributes to repeal. “They used to get drunk and stay under cover,” he said, philosophically, “now they feel they've a right to come right out in the open.” Hauptmann at the moment is

ord as Floor Leader during the 73d Congress was one of pitiable vacillation in crucial moments. He is a follower, not a leader. Although now serving his fourteenth consecutive term, not one piece of important legislation bears the stamp of his name. Floor Leader William B. Bankhead, like Byrns, is an old-line Southern politician, but a far abler man. He is co-author with his brother, Senator John H., of the compulsory cotton crop control act. His greatest claim to fame is his daughter, Tallulah, sinuous screen and stage star, A fast-thinking and decisive parliamentarian. the Alabaman has one serious handicap—his poor health. Sam Rayburn, Chairman of the Interstate Commerce Committee, is a vigorous, hard-hitting, longheaded Texan, and the man the Administration secretly wanted in the Speaker’s chair, but failed to support. Rayburn is of conservative bent, but has steadfastly supported New Deal legislation. With Senator Fletcher of Florida, Chairman of the Senate Banking Committee, he was chiefly responsible for enactment of the Stock Exchange and Securities Acts. a a a TJERTRAND SNELL, minority floor leader, a ponderous, slow-thinking up-state New York-, er of extreme reactionary views who retains his party position through weight of long service and the insignificance of possible opponents. Because of his tactlessness and hair-trigger temper, Snell is not popular with his rank and file. He is known in the cloak room as “the cheese maker of Potsdam." Harry L. Englebright, Republican whip. Although one of the jounger members of the House and little known outside the chamber, he is one of the cleverest parliamentarians in Congress. Engelbright comes from upper California, is popular with his colleagues, and when the Republicans return to power he is sure to be heard from. James M. Wadsworth, former United States Senator, and, like Snell, an up-state New York Tory. He is one of the few really able Republicans left in Congress, but his influence is undermined by ultra-Old Guard views. It is claimed that he is holding his seat for his son. Jim Jr., now a member of the New York State Legislature. • Pioneer Educator Is Dead By Prrtt SPRINGFIELD. Mass., Jan. 2. Dr. Cornelia H. Clapp, 85, one of pioneer educators responsible for the growth and development of Mount Holyoke College, died yesterday in Mount Dora, Fla.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

the only occupant of the jail charged with a serious offense. Mr. McCrea finds him “no more trouble than any other prisoner” and takes pride in the fact the German prefers Flemington to the Bronx. “He's like any of the rest of them,” the warden said. “A little depressed, perhaps, but so would you and I be depresed if we were in his shoes. “It takes a wonderful constitution to keep up under those circumstances. Bruno has t a wonderful constitution, all right. “When his wife was in for the first time after his transfer here she asked him how he liked it, and he said, ‘lt’s ten times better than the Bronx.’ “I guess it is, too. He has the width of a corridor to walk in, a frontage of five cells must be at least thirty feet of space, with a shower at one end that he can use whenever he likes. “He's not allowed to talk to the troopers, or rather they aren’t allowed to talk to him. But he talks to me . . . about what he wants to eat, and all that. “He doesn’t get fried chicken

FORMER STATE ATHLETE DEAD

Dr. C. E. Fry, Ex-Wabash Hero, Passes at Rose Bowl. By United Prrun PASADENA, Cal., Jan. 2.—Tense with excitement as he saw his favorite team being scored upon, Dr. C. E. Fry, 55, western representative for the Presbyterian Board of Pensions, died here yesterday during the Rose bowl football contest between Stanford and Alabama. Alabama had just scored its second touchdown when the minister collapsed and died from a heart attack. Born in Crawfordsville, Ind., Dr. Fiy attended Wabash College where he captained the football and baseball teams. He continued his education at Union Seminary where he received his Doctor of Divinity degree. Dr. Fry is survived by his wife, Mrs. Esther Fry, a daughter, Mary I. Fry, assistant librarian at the Huntington Library in San Marino where the minister made his home, and several brothers and sisters in Indiana.

SIDE GLANCES

T 193! ■ * ME* URVICi. )SC. T. M. REC. . PATeO ff- f 2

“You won’t mind keeping an eye on them while I’m out?”

like some of the papers said. He eats what the rest of us eat. Sheriff and I make up the menus. That fried chicken stuff makes it look like we were catering to him.” a a a -V17 ARDEN M’CREA says that * * he likes his work, and he seems to mean it. “I’ve never had any trouble with a prisoner. None whatever.” Next to the trampled ferns, he most resented news dispatches stating Hauptmann was “dragged” from the car which brought him to the jail. “They said that Hauptmann was dragged through the gates. He walked out. Those remarks make it look like the police was criminals. He stepped out of the car and gladly walked in. Those tombstones in the lot across the street, that was a great background.” Mr. McCrea paused, his eyes had a far-away look in them as he revisioned the drama of that nighttime scene, the crowd, the flares, the horrid spectacle of trampled ferns. 'You know,” he continued slowly, “with all that’s happened I

IN OLD NEW YORK By Paul Harrison

NEW YORK, Jan. 2.—Among the trivialities that have been bothering me lately is the persistence of the legend—allowed to grow unchallenged and unchecked—that J. P. Morgan is camera shy.

The legend of the “camera-hat-ing Morgan” was revived in a recent magazine article, and it set me to thumbing through the M's in our picture library. The results were impressive, but not from the standpoint of shyness. During the last five years just one photographic agency has taken exactly 99 pictures of the modest financier. There are about 60 unposed pictures of Mr. Morgan, ranging from pot-shots during the Washington investigation to rural scenics in which he is shown strolling about Wall Hall, his estate at Watford, Hertfordshire, England. The remainder are obviously posed. These include/Mr. Morgan on the steps of his various homes, at Harv ird class reunions, at banquets and yacht races. As early as 1931 he began grinning into lenses from the decks of his Corsair and numerous incoming steamshrips. There are no pictures of the great banker eating a hot dog, nor of him doing a hand-stand on

By George Clark

Warden McCrea finds Hauptman “no more trouble than any other prisoner.” don't think he could go to a fairer place to find a trial. In the city a thing, happens and everybody gets excited and then it's forgotten. In a country place like this people are slow and deliberate . . . they think things over. “Everybody I’ve talked to wants him to have a fair trial. The evidence will have to be convincing. “Why, I was on a murder jury myself back in 1923. War were out a week.” ana MR. M’CREA thinks Colonel H. Norman Schwarzkopf, commanding the New Jersey State Police, is a fine man, who “gave the newspapers a good break.” He thinks the troopers themselves are fine men, and doesn't like to hear it hinted that they can be rough with prisoners. “Why once in a while I feel like beating a man myself,” he remarks while you imagine this kindly little chap in a mood of ferocity, “but i take it and grin. I try to be regular.” The Warden is devotedly loyal to his chief, the High Sheriff. “Yes, there was a committee from Jersey City tried to inject politics into this case and tried to take authority over the court room seats, but he told ’em. The people of this county were behind him, too.” Bert pedrick, proprietor of the Union House across the street, strolls by and calls “How's the flowers, Harry?” The question brings Mr. McCrea's great grievance to mind again. “You see, we built that gate across there to keep the crowd out,” he sighs. “But it was too late to save my ferns. Hundred and seventy-five plants, and all gone. They were beautiful. Why, I drove forty-five miles to get some of them. And they tramped them all down. “My wife doesn’t like it at all.”

the 86th-floor parapet of the Empire Building. B’t there are some photographs showing him holding a midget—a lady midget named Lya' Graf—on one knee, which were taken with Mr. Morgan’s knowledge and tacit consent during the Senate investigation of Wall Street in 1933, After that, I don’t see how any one could call the man camera shy. a a a IT'ACT is, there are mighty few -T prominent Americans who are resentful of the camera’s wink. Maude Adams always was a difficult one to photograph, but the reticences of a few younger actresses, such as Garbo, are believed to be deliberately assumed in the cause of greater glamour. Greta has made herself look more than a little ridiculous a time or two by picking up her skirts and fleeing. Lens men delight in securing such unusual shots, or pictures of great men angrily brandishing canes. The two Roosevelts, Franklin Jr. and John, are acquiring reputations as picture-haters, and to date each has one smashed camera to his credit. The senior John D. Rockefeller always has been considered a difficult subject, although he has consented to pose on many special occasions. Once, during a family gathering on the estate, a photographer climbed trees, scuttled about through the bushes and secured a number of long-distance shots of the aged man. The exposed plates were hidden away so that if guards discovered him and seized the camera he still would have a few pictures left, . a a tt WHAT I like about news photos and the men who make them is the way they reduce all sorts of ceremonies to the essential absurdities. The masquerades of the late President Coolidge were prime examples, and the shipboard arrivals of feminine notables usually are pretty funny. When Marie of Rumania came here, a certain incredible Jewish cameraman called to her: "Queen, will you cross your legs, pliz?" And later, when she was placing a WTeath on the tomb of our Unknown Soldier, the same fellow ordered, "Hey, Queen, give us a smile!” Perfectly docile, she recovered the wreath and put it down a second time, smiling the while. A third incident in his career involved a Ku-Klux Klan meeting in New Jersey several days ago. He, a Jew, had been assigned to make pictures of the ceremonies.. He not only got them, but virtually bossed the whole affair—told the hooded Klansmen when to light their cross and hold their torches.

Today's Science By David Dietz DR. OTTO STRUVE, director of the Yerkes Observatory, did a particularly gracious thing when he presented Ambrose Swasey with a planet on his 88th birthday. Between Mars and Jupiter are the little planets or asteroids and whoever discovers one may name it. Dr. Struve exercised his right to name his discovery Swasey a. Mr. Swasey has been America’s greatest telescope builder and hence the worlds, since America has

had almost a monopoly upon big telescopes. He and his partner, the late W. R. Warner, ushered in the period of great American telescopes when they built the 24-inch refractor for the United States Naval Observatory, the 36-inch refractor for the Lick Observatory and the 40inch refractor for the Yerkes Observatory. This last telescope is still the largest telescope in the world. In recent years his firm, Warner fiz Swasey Cos., Cleveland, has turned its attention to the reflector type of telescope, building the 69inch reflector of the Perkins Observatory and the 72-inch reflector of the Dominion Astrophysical Ob-

servatory of Canaria. This last telescope is exceeded in size only by the 100-inch telescope of the Mt. Wilson Observatory. At the present time, the Warner fit Swasey Cos. is building an 80-inrh telescope for the new McDonald Observatory of the University of Texas, an observatory which, by the way, will operate under the direction of Dr. Struve. a a a Joined Exprdilion at $6 IT is interesting to compare these two men, the one who has done so much for astronomy bv building telescopes, the other by looking through them—looking through them and pondering upon what he saw'. Mr. Swasey comes from old New England stork. At 18, .he was an apprentice in an Exeter tN. HJ machine shop. Another 18-vear-old apprentice was W. R. Warner. A few years later the two decided to strike out for “the west.” They settled in Cleveland. Travel has always been Mr. Swaseys hobbv. In 1932, at the age of 86. he joined the Case Eclipse Expedition on Douglas Hill in Maine. a a a Came From Astronomical Family DR. STURVE is the descendant of a long line of astronomers. He is a member of the fourth generation of astronomers and the fifth member of the family to be made the director of an observatory. His great-grandfather, the first astronomer of the line, was Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Sturve who, along with Hersrhel and Bessel, laid the foundations of modern astronomy. Arrested during the Napoleonic wars by French soldiers who were making forcible recruits for the Army, he escaped and fled to Russia where he was commissioned by the czar to build the famous Dorpat Observatory. The present Dr. Sturve fled from Russia during the revolution after the World War. Dr. Robert Frost, whom Dr. Sturve succeeded as director of the Yerkes Observatory, located him in Constantinople where he was working as a carpenter and brought him to this country.

Your Health -BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIX-

PROBABLY you’ve come across a person who suddenly found he couldn’t swallow his food. It’s a distressing experience. The trouble may be more serious than merely that of hurting. Difficulty with swallowing may happen to persons of any age and may vary from inability to take in large mouthfuls of food to trouble in swallowing even liquids. Furthermore, it may be due to a number of causes. Sometimes it is simply that the throat has been scratched by a fish bone or a small meat bone, so that swallowing is difficult until healing occurs. Sometimes a small portion of a bone will become lodged in the wall of the throat or of the esophagus, the tube that leads from the throat to the stomach. It may be difficult to detect the presence of such a splinter of bone even with the X-ray. a a a A CLEVER British doctor worked out a way of finding out about such particles of bone. He had the patient swallow small pieces of cotton soaked in barium emulsion. The little fibers of cotton get caught on the edges of the splinter of bone, and then, when the X-ray picture is taken, the trouble can be located. Ingenious instruments have been developed which permit the doctor to fish such splinters out of the place in which they may be lodged. There are other cases in which troubles with swallowing occur because of disturbances of the nervous system. For intsance, in lockjaw it is not possible to open the mouth because the infection in the nervous system holds the jaws together. The mouth may be so dry from lack of saliva, that swallowing is difficult because the food is not moistened. a a a THERE may be paralysis of the palate such as occurs in diphtheria, or there may be a cleft palate—failure of the bones of the head to grow together properly at birth. There may be severe swelling of the tonsils, which will cause swallowing to become difficult, and occasionally in older persons tumors develop which obstruct the swallowing passages. Sometimes little pouches are formed off the esophagus. When food is taken, it gets into these pouches With pressure, and there is pain and resulting difficulty in eating. Obviously, it is necessary to investigate every case and to take care of the condition that is found, realizing at the same time that difficulty in swallowing is just a symptom rather than a disease itself.

Questions and Answers

Q—What relation do the nusbands of sisters bear to each other? A—Authoritns differ. Standard Dictionary says they are (in the U. S.) legally orothers-in-law. Webster says they are not, except by courtesy. Black's Law Dictionary implies the relationship of brothers-in-law Hy secondary affinity. Bouvier’s Law Dictionary voes not allow such a relationship. By courtesy both in England and the United States they are commonly called brothers-in-law. Q —How many motion picture theaters in the United States are wired for sound? A—Out oS 16 285 motion picture theaters in the United States piODer, the 1934 issue of the Film Daily Year Book says that 14.381 are wired for sound. Alaska also has 18 theaters, all wired. Q —Give the total registration of voters in the United States in 1932. A—48.965,230. Q —Which artist painted the picture that is reproduced on the Mother’s commemorative postage stamps? A —lt is a reproduction of James Abbott McNeill ■Whistler’s "Portrait of My Mother." Q —On what charge was A1 Capone convicted and how long is his sentence? A—He was convicted under the income tax law and sentenced to 10 years in a Federal prison and to pay a fine of $50,000. He has recently been removed from Atlanta to the Federal prison for dangerous criminals at Alcatraz Island, San Francisco Bay. Q —What is the difference between a highball and a cocktail? A—Highball is a long drink of diluted spirits, usually whisky, served with cracked ice in a tall glass; cocktail is a short drink, iced of spirituous liquor well mixed with flavoring ingredients. Q—What does the slang word "baloney” mean? A—Something that is without value.

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David Diet*