Indianapolis Times, Volume 46, Number 190, Indianapolis, Marion County, 19 December 1934 — Page 13

It Seems to Me KEYMD BROUN MANY .wars ago. which will tip you off to the fact that this is not a timely column. I was cloaelv associated with a chi’d who invented for himself a playmate out of the limbo of sheer fantasy. His friend was named Judge Krink and the boy I knew spent endless imaginative hours with this boon buddy. Judge Krink violated all the rule* which are laid down for the young by their elder*. The judge ate writh his knife and did not, go to bed at 6 o’clock or at any other hour whatsoever. He neither bathed nor brushed his hair and yet Solomon in all his glory was a lesser person than Judge Krink. It seemed to me a friendship which promised much in its easement of rule and all rigorous restric-

tion. But some relative ruined the close attachment by asking punitive and arch questioas as to the nature, the appearance and the habiliments of this mysterious member of the bar. And so one day the child rebelled and made public announcement, "I haven't got* Judge Krink any more.” And when pressed for an explanation the boy replied, “Judge Krink's got manners.” I have been searching through many years for this missing magistrate. The world in which we live would be a sweeter and a kindlier place if only we could rid ourselves of all set codes of polite behavior.

--

Heywood Broun

It is my notion that these conventions never were framed for the promotion of amity. On the contrary men have duelled and died for petty matters based on small deeds which were magnified into the status of personal affronts. m m a Why Worry About Hats? PRIMITIVE peoples in the warmer climates get on famously together because they do not have to worry as to which is the right fork nor are they compelled to exclaim with hearty camaraderie, "excuse my glove.” In those peaceful lands where elevators do not exist It is unnecessary for males to remove their hats. This is particularly true in those regions where there are no hats. Instinct is an excellent guide and furnishes all that anybody needs to know about successful contact with his fellows. Quarrels and quibble come into being only through the establishment of precise and regimented behavior. In the purple land which lies beyond the edge of the far horizon it is not customary for men to bow when females come along the paths of the practically trackless forest. No form of greeting is established for the natives of this happy country. And when there are no rules no one's pride can be assailed through *heir infringement. Look well, oh people of the towns and cities, into those imaginary obligations w'hich you have imposed upon each other. Is a young woman’s whole day made by the fact that some stranger in the office elevator doffed his hat when she walked in and requested the operator to let her off at the thirty-second floor? I do not think so. On many occasions the frantic abandonment of head gear by the caballeros merely means that somebody is going to stick the edge of his felt hat into the eye of an innocent bystander. Nor do I hold to the belief that parties, of the larger scale, are much enhanced because the hostess said, "Mrs. Smith, shake hands with Mrs. Jones.” a a a Just a Lot of Hooey IS it, really necessary that full names should be exchanged whenever two or three are gathered together? Some of the most interesting conversations which I can remember took place during the meeting of entire anonymities and at, the end of the evening these two or three who had so much in common parted at the lintel without the slightest recollection of the name or fame of the person with whom the dialogue was conducted. History and literature both present eloquent instances in which kindred spirits have come together without any overt exchange of labels. Os course, it may be argued, that when a subway traveler arises and says, “Won’t you take my seat, lady?” that he has done a Boy Scout deed for the day and made somebody very happy. Again I wish to take an exception. Such cavaliers as I have known exact a fearful price for their good manners. In yielding a seat in train or bus or subway any gallant indicates that he holds women in a certain low esteem. He Is adding his own testimony to that pernicious theory that woman is the weaker vessel. He is saying in effect. “I do you a passing and a trivial service because I regard you as my inferior.” Once I knew a wholly consistent feminist who flew into a blind rage whenever any male was conspiciously courteous Her fighting motto was, "Don’t do me no favors.” One is polite to small children, octogenarians, enemies and half-wits. When good fellow’s get together with a stein on the table they can be as rude as they please to each other. It is the sign and token of a recognition of equality and I know of no higher compliment. (Copyright 1934)

Your Health -BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN

MEN hunting for rabbits should be warned again of the danger of bringing home for cooking rabbits that can be knocked over with a stick. The healthy rabbit is the one that can run like a ‘ scared rabbit" when the hunter approaches. The one that can be knocked down is likely to be infected with the rabbit disease called tularemia, which also spreads to human beings. Tularemia, or rabbit fever, gets its name from Tulare County. California. Some years ago the wild game in Tulare County was found to be dying by thousands because of a plague-like condition that was spreading among them. Investigators isolated a germ which was responsible for this infection among the game, and which in later studies was found to be responsible for a similar infection in other parts of the country. It has now been identified in every state. • a a a THE came chiefly affected is wild rabbits. Apparently the germs are spread from one animal to another by tne bites of ticks or fleas. Since this discovery was made, hundreds of cases have been found in human beings who become infected with the germs of tularemia while they were dressing rabbits which had been shot or knocked over by hunters. Sometimes the rabbits were being prepared for human food, sometimes for feeding dogs, hogs, or chickens. Usually the germ got into the human being through a sore on a finger, or a scratch or a tut which came in contact with the fur or tissues of the animal. A few days after the contact, a great swelling appeared, which changed into an ulcer. The glands nearby then became swollen and finally the person concerned became sick. aam SINCE the condition is now rather widespread, persons who are going to handle rabbits for any purpose ought to wear rubber gloves. If they do not, they should wash their hands thoroughly in some mild antiseptic solution, and most thoroughly with soap and water after they have finished the handling. Never let a scratch, a cut. or a sore come in contact with the flesh of the rabbit or with the dish or pan in which the rabbit meat has been kept. Wrapping paper which has contained the dead rabbits should be burned. The attention of a doctor should be called 'to every cut or sore, just as soon as there is the slightest evidence of swelling or secondary infection

Questions and Answers

Q —Did last Congress pas- an act making Columbus Day. Oct. 12. & national holiday? A—No. Q—What is psychiatry? branch of medicine that relates to mental

Pull Leased Wire Service of the United Press Association

THE MURDER OF BABY LINDBERGH

Police Trace Ransom Bills to Bronx, Lay Careful Platts

The Dep&'tment of .foitite dnatier en the Lindbergh crime contain 50.000 •eparate eardt each of trhlch eontalna the Undine. from a tingle line of inreatiga* tion. A book, two inehea thick, trpewritten on the thinnett of paper, outlines only a hare lommirr of the exhaustive investigation that covered two continents daring the 3d month following the kidnaping. The following dispatch, eighth in the Sidney B. Whipple series, gives an Insight into methods used by the detectives, and certaip of their Is- 'ortant conclusions. mam 6 Y SIDNEY B. WHIPPLE United Press Staff Correspondent (Copyright. 1934. by United Press) ACTING Lieut. James Finn of the New York Police Department told his colleagues tlat if ever the Lindbergh kidnaper were trapped, it would be through the careless passage of the currency Colonel Lindbergh’s emissary had turned over to the extortioner in St. Raymond's cemetery. ”1 would go further,” he said, “and say that he will be trapped definitely through spending some of those bills at a gasoline filling station. He has an automobile. He must buy gas and oil.” In that profound belief, he insisted that filling station attendants the length and breadth of the land should be required to write down on the very bills they received the automobile license numbers of customers passing five. ten. or tw’enty-dollar nctes. Collaborating with Jimmy Finn, and heartily in accord with his notions, were the New Jersey State Police and those brilliant, youthful and highly educated criminologists. in the Department of Justice’s division of investigation in New York City, under the direction of Francis Fay and Thomas Sisk. The chase for the criminals developed into a waiting game, a game requiring patience and one full of constantly recurring disappointments. But within a few weeks after "John, the Scandinavian” had disappeared in the Bronx darkness with Colonel Lindbergh’s $50,000, the watchers were rewarded. Ransom bills began to appear, now in the till of a small

shopkeeper, now through the wicket of a branch bank, occasionally in the box office of a movie house or the cash register of a case. As each note appeared and was checked against the serial numbers of the Lindbergh currency, Jimmy Finn, Tom Sisk, and their gToup of husky colleagues leaped into action. At times they appeared to have missed their quarry only by a matter of hours. But with each passage of a ransom bill, the picture of the man they were seeking became clearer. By the end of 1933 they had a photographic description of him. They knew his habits, his facial characteristics, his mannerisms, his mode of speech. a a a \T headquarters there was a large map of metropolitan New York. Whenever a bill was reported found, Jimmy Finn stuck a pin in the map at the location. Soon the chart began tc look like the drawing of a battle field.

-Thr DAILY WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND By Drew Pearson and Robert S. Allen

AyASHINGTON. Dec. 19.-President Roosevelt is quietly consulting Gen. Hugh Johnson on the future fate of the NRA He has had one secret conference with the former Blue Eagle ruler on the matter, indicated he expects to talk with him again beore a final decision is reached. At the first closely guarded meeting J . oh^° A n reiterated his old objection to the idea of a board in charge or nra affairs. The one-time Army officer told the President that multi-command

was unsuited for the NRA. He held that effective administrative control could only be obtained by vesting responsibility in one individual. Johnson urged that in the permanent NRA setup an executive be installed at the top with an advisory board of assistants under him. This is exactly the reverse of the present NRA administrative structure. Furthermore, Johnson's plan was rejected by the President as early as last summer when he accepted the Perkins-Richberg formula of a board to be in charge, plus an administrative officer functioning under it. a a a OFFICIALS of the Treasury Department were discussing the importance of having as district attorney for southern New York an A-l man who would know how to prosecute the many cases which the Treasury has be- | fore the courts. "Sixty per cent of all the criminal cases in New York—dope, bootlegging, smuggling—originate with us," remarked Guy T. Helvering. commissioner of internal revenue. "Os course.” he added quickly, "that doesn't mean the crimes involve Treasury officers.” n n n “SENATOR.” asked a newsman of •3 Carter Glass as he emerged from a conference with the President. "what do you think of the appointment of Mr. Eccles as head of the Federal Reserve Board?” "Get me a taxi.” growled the peppery Virginia die-hard. NOTE: Utah's young, forceful Marriner S. Eccles, new Governor of the Federal Reserve Board holds social, economic, and financial views which are anathema to the aged Glass, w'hojwas one of the authors of the Reserve System and is violently opposed to any tampering with it, a a a A SHOWDOWN impends in organized labor's fight against the President’s Auto Labor Board. So far, the unionists have been waging their war behind the scenes, with pleas to Secretary Perkins and other Administration leaders that the auto board be abolished on the grounds of bias and inefficiency. But the action of Chairman Leo Welman in ordering employe elections on company and A. F. of L. unions nas forced the battle into the open. The union forces have accepted the challenge. They have instructed their members to abstain from the polling. This brings the controversy to a ( head-on clash and the showdown which so long has threatened. • CoDTnfht 1934. bv Onited FMtur* Bvndic*te. Inc.), POLICE OFFICER MOVED V-rnon Shields Tt referred to Veterans Hospital. Vernon Shields. State Police Inspector. who recently became se- ; riously ill from a brain hemorrhage, has been transferred from City Hospital to the Marion Veterans'. Hospital for treatment. For eight ; years Mr. Shields was Crawfords- ; viile police chief. j

The Indianapolis Times

Black pins for $5 bills. Red pins for $lO gold certificates. Diagonals were drawn from pin to pin. and tha intersection of the lines noted. "The center of the fugitive’s operations,” said Finn, "is in the Bronx. From there he travels southward into the German community of Yorkville, passing by way of the Lexington-av subway,” The detectives dovetailed together various other circumstances. The money was coming in at the rate of approximately S4O a week, evidence of caution and frugality. The city toxicologist was called into play. He examined the recovered money microscopically and announced that it was “musty”—had been buried below ground. And vhat it bore glycerine esters and traces of emery dust, such as might come from a mechanic who ground his own tools. a a a SHOPKEEPERS and movie cashiers added descriptions, sometimes fleeting, to the “known

UNITED BRETHREN ASK STRICTER LIQUOR LAWS White River Conference Also Seeks Gambling Suppression. Gov. Paul V. McNutt, the Indiana State Legislature and all law enforcement agencies in the state were called on yesterday by the White River Conference of the United Brethren Church to suppress gambling and to provide a stricter liquor control, particularly as it affects youth. The United Brethren organization spoke through resolutions adopted in its annual one-day meeting at the English. The resolutions, copies of which were forwarded to the' officials involved, were signed by Bishop H. H. Fout of the church’s Northwest District; the Rev. J. B. Parsons, conference superintendent, and Dr. I. j. Good, Indiana Central College president. Jewish Men to Stage Party An elaborate floor show will be a feature of the benefit dance to be given by the B'Nai Ahm Club, an organization of Jewish men, at The Cars Night Club Sunday night, Jan. 13.

SIDE GLANCES

c. x..atc-Ti'.af.

‘Look, Major, here’s that new coast defense gun 1 was tell* iagJMU itouLT

INDIANAPOLIS, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 19,1934

One of the most remarkable coincidences of the Lindbergh kidnaping case is the resemblance of Bruno Hauptmann, indicted suspect, to the imaginary kidnaper whose likeness war, drawn by a Department of Justice artist from descriptions furnisheu by Dr. John F. (Jafsie' Condon and others. The artist’s sketches and pictures of Hauptmann in similar poses are shown above for comparison.

facts” gathered by the triple force of sleuths. Simultaneously with the continuous investigation of ransom bills, the three departments embarked on a scientific exploration of the facts surrounding the three-piece kidnap ladder. To Arthur Koehler, expert of

EXCHANGE CLUB TO HOLD YULE PARTY Annual Gift Distribution Is Set for Friday. Fifty-six members of the Boys’ Club. 1400 English-av, and the Sara Lauter Memorial Club, W. Marketst, will be guest? Friday at the annual party of the Exchange Club in the Washington. The dinner will be preceded by a street parade beginning at 11:15 on Alabama and E. Washington-sts in which the Police and Firemen's Band will march ahead of two truckloads of cheering boys. The party will be under the general supervision of Ira C. Strohm, Joseph Hill. Richard Wangelin, Ralph Schafer and Walter Eggert. Clarence F. Merrill, club president, will greet the youthful guests before gifts are distributed from a Christmas tree on the sixteenth floor of the hotel. LAW SCHOOL SOCIETY ELECTS NEW OFFICERS Joseph Hartman Chosen President of Sigma Delta Kappa. Joseph E. Hartman today was president of Sigma Delta Kappa, legal fraternity at the Benjamin Harrison Law School, elected yesterday at a meeting in the Columbia Club to succeed Charles J. Holder. Other new S. D. K. officers are Oren E. Smith, first vice president; Marion Slocum, second vice president; Russell Newell, secretary; J. Huber Patton, treasurer, and C. James Holder, William Henry Harrison. George Cowan. Robert K. Eby and George A. Henry, directors.

By George Clark

the United States Forestry Service, was intrusted the task of tracing the wood to its point of origin—and then of returning along the trail to the consumer, the man who built and reared the ladder against the white walls of the Lindbergh home. Koehler found the wood orig-

I COVER THE WORLD ft ft ft ft ft ft By William Philip Simms

WASHINGTON, Dec. 19.—Piesident Roosevelt is now said to be laying the foundation for the most thorough-going foreign policy the United States has ever had. Its first principle is to keep this country out of war. Its second is to co-operate with the rest of the world, to the utmost premitted by the American Constitution and tradition, to discourage war wherever it threatens.

Tfie third principle is to organize America’s resources in such a way that if dragged into war against her will, she will be able to function at maximum efficiency from the beginning, instead of several months or even years after she is attacked. Legislation tending to make the new foreign policy effective will be introduced in the new Congress early in the session beginning Jan. 3. The United States has a number of foreign policies rather than a coherent, integrated foreign policy such as other great powers have. a a a TT has stood for freedom of the -*■ seas, the Monroe doctrine, no entanglements abroad, the open door, and the national defense. While the President as yet has made no sweeping public pronouncement on the subject, observers are convinced he and his advisers are now working out a new conception with a view to making this country more secure at home and more influential abroad. Already the United States’ attitude toward foreign countries has undergone important changes since President Roosevelt came into office. Among these changes may be mentioned his “good neighbor” policy which definitely has taken the place of the policy of the “Big Stick” and “Dollar Diplomacy” in Latin America. Instead, he has

inaugurated a policy of non-inter-vention and friendly co-operation on a basis of complete equality. 000 A SECOND change affects the doctrine of freedom of the seas. The United States has already made known that in case of conflict, and if America concurs in the judgment specifying the guilty party, this country will not take action tending to defeat the efforts to bring about peace. The State Department is now working on a plan which would extend this curtailment of America’s traditional freedom of the seas, or neutral rights. Old-fash-ioned insistence upon those rights has already contributed to plunging this country into unwanted conflict. The President is keeping his own counsel in the matter, but is understood to be gathering together the loose and dangerous ends of American foreign policy and obtaining Congressional authority whereby a Chief Executive can act according to plan in times of emergency. Two major objectives are viewed as involved. First, without entangling alliances or dangerous commitments. the United States is seen as determined to find a way of practical co-operation with other countries as much as possible to safeguard world peace. Second, by “taking the profit out of war." and by national peacetime planning, to make America invincible in case she is attacked regardless of safeguards. A treaty-size navy, a modem air force and a second inter-oceanic canal across Nicaragua are viewed as parts of this general plan.

inated on the far northwest coast. It was sold to one customer only—the Great National Millwork and Lumber Cos., a concern which did business in the Bronx. But. of course, the Great National had a great many customers. Small purchases of short two-by-fours go unmarked. a a a NEVERTHELESS, fitting together the jig-saw puzzle, the authorities watched the outlines of a man gradually emerging from the scattered pieces, and as each new' piece fell into place, they added color and life to the outline. He w'as, they decided: A German carpenter, or at least a man skilled in working with wood. He lived in the Bronx. He was of frugal nature, never spending lavishly. He was not a spectacular figure, and he was extremely cautious in all his dealings. His bills, extracted one at a time from a below-ground hiding place, w'ere carefully folded—invariably creased, first along their length and then across their width—and were taken from the watch pocket of his trousers, to be tossed carelessly across the counter with a flourish that appeared to be characteristic. He enjoyed quiet evenings in Germain beer stubes. and was a frequent patron of Yorkville wine parlors. a a a IN appearance, he was heavyset, about five feet and nine inches in height, and was marked by “a narrow, pointed chin and flat cheeks.” The Department of Justice commandeered an artist. The artist listened attentively to be descriptions. Then he sat down and drew a black and white likeness of the wanted man. Every agent—and there were 58 of them on constant duty at that time—carried in his portfolio, and in his mind, the picture of the man he was seeking. "I tell you,” said Jimmy Finn to his brother detectives, “we’ll get this man, some day, at a filling station.” TOMORROW—The man- trap closes.

RIVIERA CLUB WILL GIVE BENEFIT CIRCUS Clothing, Canned Goods Given for Admission to Go to Needy. Clothing and canned goods will admit children to an open house party at the Riviera Club, Friday night, where a one-ring circus will be presented for guests in exchange for contributions to the city’s needy. A revue of 21 acts, including variety dancing, clowns, and musical specialties, will precede a dance pro- | gram played by Johnny Sweet and his Rhythm Racketeers. Christmas decorations are being installed, Santa Claus is to be present, and extra seating accommodations will be provided. The party is being sponsored by Upsilon Phi Gamma and the Riviera Club with Louis Rybolt and ; James Makin, general chairmen. ! Contributions will be turned over ; to the Sunshine Mission. MUSICAL PROGRAM IS ARRANGED AT SCHOOL Christmas Carols Will Be Played Friday at Technical. Musical organizations including the brass, saxophone and clarinet choirs of the junior, senior and concert bands at Technical High School I will play Christmas carols through- | out the day Friday on the quadI rangle. j The music will be directed by one ! teacher, Raymond Oster, and four i student directors, Ralph Muegge, Edward Schoek, Velma Parsley and ; I George Curtis. The bands are instructed by Ray- i mond Oster. Frederick Barker and Richard S. Orton. M’GUFFEY CLUB WILL GIVE YULETIDE PARTY Event to Be Held at Roberts Park Methodist Church. The Indianapolis McGuffey Club will present a Christmas program at 7:30 Friday in the Roberts Park Methodist Church, 401 N. Delaware- j st, with Barbara May Nebauer as reader. The committee on arrangements is composed of Henry’ Bond. Mrs. , Gertrude Lovell, Rose W. Sadler, Henry K. English. Miss Eunice Grubaugh. Miss Emma Grubaugh, Frank M. Wilson and Fred Goepper Sr. S. B. Prater is club president. ROTARY CLUB TO GIVE $794 TO YULE GROUPS Fund Will Go to City Christmas Cheer Agencies. The Indianapolis Rotary Club today was distributing among the city’s Christmas cheer agencies a fund of $794 collected yesterday at its meeting in the Claypool. The meeting concluded the club’s activities for 1934. Luther L. Dickerson, city librarian and a Rotarian. reviewed Charles DiAens’ famous "A Christmas Carol.” as part of the club’s plea for contributions to the fund. The Crin- j oline Singers presented a musical program. Harper J. Ransburg Christmas Cheer Committee chairman. presided over the collection.

Second Section

Entered ** B*eond-C!s Matter at Potoffle, Indianapolis, Ind.

Fair Enough HMPEGLBt 'T'HE current row’ between Capt. P:ff Jones and Huey Long is not a matter of world importance, but it is no mere football story, either. It means that another man of character has been discovered at Huey's Louisiana State University, making a total of three to date. When character is detected at Louisiana State, that is news. The other two were students of journalism. Jesse Cutrer and David McGuire, who refused to accede to Huey’s censorship of the Reveille, the student newspaper, and were fired in ac-

cordance with Huey’s threat to throwout of his school anybody, student or professor, who dared write or utter, a word against him. After Cutrer and McGuire w-ere expelled, the Reveille reappeared as a censored student paper bearing on page one a photograph of Dr. James Smith, the president. There was still some faint rebellion against the censorship and a straw- dummy, labeled “Jimmy the Stooge.” was discovered dangling from the flagmast one morning and taken for an effigy of the president. However, this deed was done by

stealth, whereas Cutrer and McGuire challenged Huey's dictatorship knowing they would be kicked out of college for it. The rest of the student body took the censorship lying dow-n. There was bound to be trouble betw’een Capt. Jones and Huey when the dictator, a few weeks ago, sensing a victorious season in football, began to use the team, the varsity band and the student cheering sections for political ballyhoo. a a a Huey Can't Take It APT. JONES, accustomed to Army discipline and authority, was commander of the football team. Huey was not even a political official and had no connection w-ith the university until he thought to place hunself on the board within the last month. Huey’s greatest political demonstration of the football season was his trip to Nashville for the game between his university and Vanderbilt. He calls Louisiana State “my school” and the team “my team.” His enthusiasm abated somew-hat when Louisiana forgot to win from Tulane and still more when they were beaten by Tennessee. Asa political demonstration, a defeat in football is not desirable. Two defeats were twice as embarrassing. In the meanwhile, Capt. Jones and Huey had been approaching a showdown. Huey wished to take all the bows when the athletes were winning and conduct political rallies in the dressing room. Knowing nothing about football, he was no help to the players Huey would not be likely to know anything about football, anyway, except as hearsay, because when he was a student he evinced the same sensitiveness in physical collision which distinguished his conduct in the celebrated battle of the gents’ room in the Sands Point Bath Club on Long Island a year ago. He was uistinctly not the football type in school and he has feared to take a step without bodyguards since the battle of the gents’ room, when he was popped in the eye. ft It ft He Can't Re Bought Huey talked as though he were running the team as long as the boys did not forget- to win. He challenged Minnesota to a game for the national championship, he conducted dealings for a game in the Rose Bowl or in Florida and he freely proclaimed that any time he did not like Capt. Jones’ work he would chase him up into the stands and run the squad himself. The collision came the first time Huey actually challenged Biff’s command. This was between halves of the game with Oregon last week. Huey wanted to make p speech to the players. Biff Jones said he couldn’t and he didn’t. Biff Jor.es knew quite well what that meant to him. As an Army officer, instructing the students in military science, he can be transferred only at the pleasure of the Secretary of War. But as football coach he is removable at the whim of Huey Long, whom he humiliated last Saturday. His Army pay would be about $5,000 a year, all things considered, but his pay as coach is about $2,500 a year. The $7,500 a year may not be the complete price that Capt. Jones will have to pay for his selfrespect. A vindictive dictator with the political power of Huey Long may persecute an Army officer for years to come, cramp his whole career and inflict hardship on his family. But Biff will not ask for any bargain in the price. Huey may ruin him, but he will never buy him. (Copyright. 1934. bv Unite and Feature Syndicate Inc.i

Todays Science BY DAVID DIETZ

r T''HE world’s most intensive investigation of coal is going on at the Coal Research Laboratory of the Carnegie Institute of Technology. A staff of 17 scientists and nine assistants under the direction of Dr. H. H. Lowry are at work in the laboratory, seeking to unlock the secrets of coal. More economical use of coal, elimination of the waste in smoke, development, of better coke, improved and new by-products ranging from dyes to medicines, improved methods of manufacturing gasoline and oil from coal to meet the day when the nation’s petroleum runs out—these are some of the practical results that may come out of the work. The laboratory was founded in July, 1930, as a result of three international conferences on the subject of coal which had been arranged by Dr. Thomas S. Barker, president of the Carnegie Institute of Technology’. 000 WHEN the laboratory was established in 1930, four tons of coal were stored in great steel drums in atmospheres of natural gas to prevent deterioration or changes of any sort which might result from contact with air. Since that day, the six scientists of the laboratory have been studying those four tons of coal. “Coal, the chemical, remains a challenge to the chemist’s ingenuity,” Dr. Lowry says. “It is known to have been formed from vegetable matter more or less consolidated by the action of heat and pressure. “The present existence of vegetable matter in all stages of coaliflcation, from peat to graphite, supplies our primary qualitative fact regarding the chemical nature of coal and at the same time greatly complicates the problem of quantitative understanding, since no two coa's are identical. 000 ”T IKE the vegetation from which it is derived, coal is heterogeneous both chemically and physically. Besides carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, coal contains varying amounts of sulphur, nitrogen, phosphorus and other elements and inorganic mineral matter. "From a study of the probable chemistry of coal formation, two primary chemical facts are evident: Coal is a complex molecule, resulting from condensation and reaction of simpler molecules, and contains, as an essential element of structure, the six-membered carbon ring characteristics of aromatic compounds.” Studies of the effect of temperature upon coal being carried on at the laboratory, include studies of solvent extraction, vacuum distillation and atmospheric distillation.

$ M-J

Westbrook Pegler