Indianapolis Times, Volume 46, Number 170, Indianapolis, Marion County, 26 November 1934 — Page 11
It Seems to Me HEM BROUN IT is my pxjvrience that nwt of the best speechoare made one hour after the orator has ended and is on hts way henw 1 Accordingly. I want to trv and set down what I intended to say at a meeting of the Progressive Education Association Fririav afternoon. I think that the philosophic concept behind primary training In America is completely askew, not to av cockeyed In otner words instructors are enhsted not to teach the yo ing idea to shoot, but to force it to conform. The very young are regimented into oa’hs and gestures of loyalty to the flag and to our Con *it u'ion I am not quarreling with such allegiances, but I do not think they should begin in grammar school. The child who has not yet learned to count up as far as ten should not b 100 per cent
about anything. I am perfectly ready to let my opinion cut two ways. I do not think that infants ought to be complete patriots or confirmed Communists. Eleven might very well remain an age of indecision. This is too soon for any one to be a whole hog Democrate or radical. Possibly it is not too early for the pupil to commit himself to Republicauism. I would no’ like to stand in the wav of any child s chances of being elected a United States senator from the state of Vermont. But m my opinion schools ought to teach skepticism rather than
flrvwnod Broun
loyalty. This is merely another wav of saying that educa’ion should inculcate the scientific point of view. I have very lit’le patience with the middleaged sceptic. The mind which has been left open for too long a period becomes too draughty and in the end is nothing but a rumbling cavern of the winds. a a a Knowledge is in Demand BUT any sort of loyalty should have as its foundation a preliminary period of doubt, indecision, and examination. I feel that faith without knowledge is a very feeble thing Only burnt children are fit to fight the fire. Even beyond the borders of the various schools of journalism it should be the teachers task to send out into the world inquiring reporters. Every lit iS a devils advocate sticking a stubby finger into the fare of the accepted, the glorified and the respectable and asking, “why?” Hans Christen Anderson established an excellent formula in his story of the emperor's robe. It was a lad of the fifth, sixth or seventh grade who cried out. “He hasn't go anvthing on.” Although still an undergraduate the young man had been taught to accept nothing without making a personal effort to conform the story. It is, perhaps, unfortunate that almost all the martyrs in the cause of academic freedom have been men and women who inclined to the left. Reactionaries, although pernicious and annoying, are seldom separated from their jobs. And yet. if I were a head master. I would rigorously avoid attempting to form a faculty committed to my own ideas. Just to encourage and nag on all the rest I would prefer a few Hooverites. a a a More Doubts, l.ess Diplomas \ l IHFN a young man puts on a rap and gown W and marches up an aisle to receive a sheep's skin his head should be completely in a whirl. He ought to look occasionally at the stained glass of the college chapel and again at the valedictorian and murmur in puzzlement. "Where am I?” A good rousing doubt is more valuable than any diploma. An educated man is one who does not believe everything he reads in the newspapers or hear over the radio. He should be insulated against the propaganda for war and mouth washes. Anri that reminds me of the fact that if teachers are to protect academic freedom they will have to organize along broad lines to get it. My own belief is that authors, playwrights, radio broadcasters, screen writers and newspaper men have large interests in common. These are the folk who. in combination, tell America what it is thinking and what it is going to think in a week's, a month's or a year's time. The responsibility ought not to be taken lightly or without communal discussion. After all. the educators of the land, using the term in its largest sense, have a right to demand that they should be the knights, the bishops and the queens and kings upon the board and not merely the pawns to be sacrificed in the gambit of some munitions maker. 'Copyright. 1334. bv The Timesl
Today s Science BV DAVID DIETZ
before the National Academy of Sciences meeting in Cleveland. Dr. William D. Harkins described the latest experiments in artificial radio-activity earned on at the University of Chi- * Fluorine was bombarded with a stream of neutrons. Disintegration of the fluorine, which has an atomic weight of nineteen, produced nitrogen. But this was anew kind of nitrogen, never before seen. It was hcaucr than ordinary nitrogen, which has an atomic weight of 14. It had a weight of sixteen. the weight of oxygen. Almost immediately, this new nitrogen became radio-active, turning itself into oxygen. Such changes are frequently spoken of as "induced radio-activity.” The physicist knows of many of them today. The first ones were performed by Professor F. Joliot of Pans and his wife, Irene Curie Joliot, the daughter of the discoverers of radium Similar experiments have been carried on in many laboratories both in Europe and America. Ma>t active in the field of research have been the Italian physicists, among them Professor E. Fermi, E. Amaidi, O. D Agostino, F. Rasetti and E. Segre. a a a \LL of the forty distintegrations found by Fermi and his associates involve "induced radio-activ-ity.” That is. there is an initial transformation due to the impart of the neutrons, followed by an induced or subsequent radio-active transformation. An outstanding aspect of the work of Fermi and his associates is that they have succeeded in getting these changes in some of the very heaviest chemical elements. Farher work of this sort was done with charged particles for projectiles, namely, the positively charged alpha particles, deutons and protons. These were successful in causing transformation only in the lighter chemical elements, those of atomic weights of twenty or less. a a a THE neutron, being a particle without electrical charge, proved a much more penetrating projec'ile. It succeeded in entering the heavier nuclei which were barred to charged particles. Regarding the second transformation, the one which constitutes the induced radio-activity. Fermi and his associates have found that in each of twelve rases where they have accurately determined its nature, that it consists of the emission of a negative electron. Dr. Karl K Darrow calls attention to an interesting fact in this rase. In previous experiments In which charged particles were used for bombardment. the induced radio-activity was always accompanied by the emission of a positive electron or positron. The full explanation of these differences is not yet known.
Questions and Answers
Q—Has Portugal a dictator? A —General Carmona is the president, but he is not a dictator. Q —Can aliens become American citizens simply by ser\ .nf in the United States army? A— No. they must be naturalized like other aliens. Q— Was General Philip Sheridan a large man? A—He was five feet five inches tall, and weighed 115 pounds. A
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Full Wire Service ot he t'nlfeff PreM AOCi*MhH
ROYAL ROMANCES BRIGHTEN ABBEY
George and Marinas Fourth Wedding in Westminster This Century
BV Mil.TON' BRONNFR M A SrrTire Staff Correspondent lONDON. Nov. 26 —The weird, wavering lights and shadows of histone Westminster Abbey soon will play, for the fourth time in the current century, upon impressive royal wedding rites. But it bv no means is ' the usual thing” that the Abbey is to be the scene of the marriage of tall Prince George and his slim Greek princess, Marina, on Thursday. For as a matter of fact, until very recently, the Abbey had not witnessed a royal marriage since 1382. the year in which Richard II married Anne of Bohemia. All the recent ancestors of Prince George were wed elsewhere. His great-grandmother. Queen Victoria, was married to Prince Albert of Coburg-Cotha in the chapel of St. James' palace. So was the present King George V wed there to Princess Mary of Teck. King Edward VII was married to Princess Alexandria of Denmark in St. George's chapel at Windsor castle, as were also the duke of Connaught, the duke of Albany and other royalties. King George's two sisters, the Princess Royal and Queen Maud of Norway, were married in the private chapel of Buekingham palace.
The long spell of disuse of the Abbey as a royal wedding church was broken in February, 1919, when Lady Patricia, daughter of the Duke of Connaught, (uncle of the present king), was married there. In February, 1922, the Abbey once more was the scene of royal rejoicing when Princess Mary, only daughter of the present king and queen, was married there to Lord Lascelles, now the Earl of Ha re wood. Fourteen months later, the Duke of York followed the examples of his sister and cousin and also was married there amid royal pomp and circumstance. an a BUT, if with these exceptions, Westminster Abbey was for centuries not the place for royal weddings, it is, nevertheless, intimately connected with the royal house of England. Many sovereigns lie buried there, the last one being George 11, who died in 1760. Since then most of them have been buried in Windsor Castle. Within the Abbey every English king since Harold has been crowned, with the exception of Edward V, who never reigned. The Abbey has been the scene of some of the greatest national services,
-The-
DAILY WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND By Drew Pearson and Robert S. Allen
WASHINGTON. Nov. 26.—There is a definite though carefully hushed-up difference of opinion between the state department and some members of the agricultural department on the question of credits to Germany. That country, hitherto, has been one of our biggest buyers of raw cotton. In the 1933-34 season, Germany took 8 per cent of the total crop. This year she will take only half that. Synthetic fiber, Germany claims, can replace cotton unless the United States is willing to co-operate. “Co-operation” means either credits or reciprocal trade. As an illustration, she already has done some shrewd swapp f ng with
South America. A shipload of German machinery was swapped for Argentine hides. The same commodity paid for a Germanbuilt oil tanker. Some of Henry Wallace's boys would like to do the same thing. They would like to promote German purchase of cotton through granting credits. They say that cotton exports are in serious need of stimulation. But the state department, so far. has been opposed. Not only has Germany defaulted on her governmental debts to the United States, but she has refused American bondholders the same treatment which she gives British, Dutch and Swiss bondholders. Secretary Hull is not feeling in a kindly mood toward Germany. aa a > AN artist is making a bust of Hairy Hopkins, dynamic dictator of federal relief. When he is not working on it, the unfinished head stands on a work bench in Hopkins’ office swathed in damp cloths. A friend, paying a call, asked the frank-spoken FEFA boss how the figure was coming out. “Well,” replied Harry, “from the looks of the thing, it will make a swell headstone for the now defunct Republican party.” a a a NO one on the Securities Exchange Commission continues to be under closer scrutiny than the big, sandy-haired Boston Irishman who is its chairman— Joseph P. Kennedy. His appointment to that job last summer brought an outburst from almost every Liberal on the New Deal horizon. The only people remotely pleased were in Wall Street. Kennedy was almost unknown in Washington except for two things. He had been exposed by Ferdinand Pecora as a Wall •Street speculator, and he had loaned the Democratic national committee $50,000. No New Dealer, therefore, went to work more on the spot than Joe Kennedy. Several members of the SEC were openly hostile. The press was prepared for war. It was a real test, and Kennedy met it in this way: “Boys,” he said to his colleagues and newsmen. "I've got nine kids. The on’. • thing I can leave them that will mean anything is my good name and reputation. I intend to do that, and when you think I'm not doing so, you sound off.” In the months that have passed no one has sounded off. a a a SOME of those sitting in high places in the state and treasury departments are getting slightly jittery regarding the credit which the federal reserve advanced to Belgium to keep her on the gold standard. What is haunting them is the specter of the Johnson act. This provides that no money shall be lent to foreign governments which have not paid their war debts. Belgium has been in default for more than a year. Officials seeking to justify the credit on the grounds that the United States merely purchased gold. But the catch is that the gold still remains in Belgian vaults. It is not in the posssion of the United States.
solemn as well as gay. For centuries the early parliaments of the realm assembled in its chapter house. • The Abbey has become the true shrine of English history. No higher honor can be paid to a British subject than to be buried there or have a memorial bust or statue erected there. Thus there are statues to four of the greatest of modern British statesmen— Palmerston. Robert Peel, Gladstone and Disraeli. In Poet's Corner either their remains have been buried or busts of the literature have been erected—Shakespearej Chaucer, Milton, Dryden, Coleridge, Burns, Scott, Tennyson, Browning and Dickens among others. nan ONE of the few Americans honored in the abbey is the poet and essayist, James Russell Lowell. There is a medallion of him and a stained glass window in his honor in the chapter house. Next to St. Peters at Rome, the Abbey probably is the most famous church in the world. More so than Notre Dame in Paris and the Mosque of St. Sofia in Istanbul. It has been celebrated in song and story and no tribute has been more famous nor more wide-
Moreover, the United States is not on the gold standard and has no particular reason to go to bat for gold standard nations. There may be come explaining necessary when congress convenes. (Coovrieht. 1934. bv United Feature Syndicate. Inc.) FARM BUREAU TO SEEK ENLARGED MEMBERSHIP Campaign to Begin Dec. 3 With Radio Program. The Indiana Farm Bureau, last week held its annual convention here, is planning a membership campaign for the week beginning Monday, Dec. 3, it was announced today by L. L. Needier, supervising organization work. Plans for the campaign, which will be inaugurated with a statewide radio broadcast Monday night, were completed at the convention, which Mr. Needler's deputy organizers attended. CLUB PARTY SCHEDULED Men’s Group of Lady of Lourdes to Hold Final Festivity. The Men's Club of Our Lady of Lourdes Roman Catholic church. 5315 East Washington street, will hold its final party of the season Tuesday night in the parish hall. The program includes cards, music and refreshments.
SIDE GLANCES
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"When you’re ready. Mr. Gable, we’ll shoot the first scene in the dinimr room." %
INDIANAPOLIS, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 20, 1031
//\ Ssif The Archbishop of Canterbury ilcfti will officiate at the marriage // jl g | If of Princess .Marina and Prince George in Westminster Abbey Ift IlPsßrelff' ; ? t ■*>"’• , x 1 ly read than ’lie essay by the American. Washington Irving The Abbey, originally dedicated : A IW||l to St. Peter, was the church of'he R. !a ria :::e order and founded P§| air,lit ft a ft. Ts .ute was that of t an ancient Saxon church. As an Abbev it was dissolved by King Henry VIII when he broke with " A
The Archbishop of Canterbury deft) will officiate at the marriage of Princess Marina and Prince George in Westminster Abbey (right). ly read than the essay by the American, Washington Irving. The Abbey, originally dedicated to St. Peter, was the church of the Benedictine order and founded about 958. Its site was that of an ancient Saxon church. As an Abbey it was dissolved by King Henry VIII when he broke with the Vatican. Parts of the present structure were started as long ago as 1050 by Edward the Confessor. The present building dates mainly from the thirteenth century, having been begun by Henry 111 in 1245 in commemoration of King Edward the Confessor. Its type of architecture is mainly what is known as Early English. The present two towers were the design of Sir Christopher Wren, the immortal architect of St. Paul's cathedral and so many other churches in London. They were completed in 1740.
ORIENTAL SHRINE TO PRESENT CARD PARTY Tarum Court to Sponsor Benefit for Crippled Children, Tarum Court, Ladies of the Oriental Shrine of North America, will sponsor a card party at Murat temple Wednesday, Dec. 5, for the benefit of Indiana’s crippled children at the Shriners’ hospital, Chicago. Mrs. J. D. Smith is general chairman. Other committee chairmen are Mrs. Roy L. Craig, tickets; Mrs. J. E. Clinton, prizes; Mrs. L. J. McMullen, gift prizes; Mrs. Lloyd K. Tucker, candy; Mrs. Ralph S. Dyson, broadcasting; Mrs. William Keenan, publicity; Mrs. George Spinner, door prizes; Mrs. Orville Crooke, cards; Mrs. Lon Tracy, tables; Mrs. Florence Swope, reception. Mrs. Swope is lodge high priestess. CHURCH PIPE ORGAN WILL BE DEDICATED Local Musicians to Attend Terre Haute Ceremonies. Indianapolis musicians tonight will participate in a program dedicating the new pipe organ in St. Joseph's Roman Catholic church, Terre Haute, which was destroyed by a fire a year ago and has been rebuilt and refurnished throughout. Elmer Andrew Steffen, diocesan director of music, will have charge of the program and other Indianapolis musicians participating will include Thomas Poggiani, violinist; Miss Virginia Levenberger, cellist, and Miss Frances Wishard, cellist. Musicians from other cities, including J. Alfred Schehl, eminent Cincinnati composer-organist, also will be heard. Bishop Joseph Elmer Ritter will dedicate the rebuilt church Sunday, Dec. 9.
By George Clark
ONE of the most remarkable objects kept in the Abbey is the coronation chair, which is in the Confessor's chapel. It incorporates within itself the famous “Stone of Destiny.” This was brought to the little Scotch town of Scone in 844 and here Scotch kings were crowned. In 1297 King Edward I brought the stone to Westminster Abbey. Perhaps the most notable mod-
I COVER THE WORLD #® * * By William Philip Simms
WASHINGTON, Nov. 26.—The Washington naval treaty, upon which rests the delicately adjusted balance of the Pacific, has been officially relegated to the scrap pile. After months of rumors of what was coming. Japanese Ambassador Hirosi Saito has put the whole matter at rest by a flat statement that Nippon is about to denounce the limitation pact. "Japan,” he said, “is going to give notice of her intention to terminate the Washington treaty of 1922. according to the method foreseen in the stipulation of Article 23 of the treaty. Article 23 says the pact shall remain in force until Dec. 31, 1936, but may be terminated at that time upon notice by any of the five
signatory powers. Ambassador Saito was plainly speaking for the Tokio foreign office. His speech, before the Academy of Political and Social Science at Philadelphia, was a prepared one dealing with Jap-anese-American relations, particularly with immigration, trade, Manchuria and the naval question. It was therefore, official. a a a BUT the Japanese diplomat, one of the youngest ever given an ambassadorship by his country, did not stop at the above announcement. He said the Washington treaty would be terminated “regardless of the developments at the preliminary conference at London.” Japan, he added, wants “anew deal on a more reasonable basis.” His government, he said, is willing to reduce her 800.000 tons of fighting craft to 400.000, if the United States and Great Britain will do the same. In fact, he said, Nippon is proposing to scrap capital ships entirely. Also aircraft carriers and some of her eight-inch gun cruisers. The only stipulation is that the others do likewise. Coming on top of European and far eastern developments of an unusually alarming character, the Saito announcement thickened the gloom which has been gathering in diplomatic and naval circles here for some weeks. That Japan does not for a moment expect its proposals to be accepted, is seen in the Tokio cabinet’s approval of the largest national defense budget in the peace-time history of the empire. The total called for is more than a billion yen, or about half a billion dollars at the old par rate of exchange. ana JAPAN is believed about to cut loose from the peace pacts and treaties of the western world almost altogether. She would then go it alone in the Orient and the western Pacific, unhampered by the League of Nations, the naval treaties, the nine-power pact or other agreements. The situation in Europe lends itself to this belief. British, French, Italian and other European statesmen have seldom been more in accord than upon today's menacing outlook in the old world. Britain definitely intends to strengthen her navy and air force, while spokesmen in the chamber of deputies are demanding in alarm that France look to her defenses lest sudden trouble find her unprepared. Foreign Minister Sir John Simon's statement that Britain would conisder “a breakdown of the system of naval limitation a great disaster for every one” was widely echoed here. And Secretary of State Cordell Hull went out of his way to express warm approval of the close co-operation between British and American delegates at London. Many here now feel that if Japan's denunciation of the limi'ation treaties leads to a naval race, it will be vitai that Britain, American and Italy, at least reach an agreement to avoid oempetition among themselves.
ern thing in connection with the Abbey is the grave of the Unknown Warrior located in the center of the nave. When it was decided to do honor to the body of some unidentified British soldier who died in the World war. the nation with one voice, king and commons alike, demanded its burial in the Abbey as the greatest honor the nation could bestow and as the one fitting place for such a shrine.
POSTAL WORKERS SEEK PAY CUT RESTORATION Seniority System Advocated at State Meeting. Action looking toward restoration of their pay cuts and toward establishment of a seniority system in the postal service were adopted by 650 members of the Indiana Association of Postal Employes at their meeting in the Sevenn Saturday night. Arthur Wilkie, Ft. Wayne, was reelected association president; George Blackman, Marion, vice-president. Representative Glenn Griswold (Dcm., Fifth district) was the principal speaker. Postmaster Adolph Seidensticker, Representative Virginia Jenckes (Dem., Sixth district) and John Torka, Washington, national postal employes’ official, also spoke. TERMINAL UNIFICATION IS CALLED UNLIKELY Ludlow Reassures South Meridian Civic Club. Virtual assurance that consolidation of the various railroad freight terminals here is an impossibility has been given to the South Meridian Civic Club last week by Representative Louis Ludlow (Dem., Twelfth district). Alarmed by what such consolidation would do the livelihood of many of its members, the club asked Representative Ludlow to exert his influence against such consolidation. He replied that it would be impossible without legislation and without an agreement of the railroads involved and pointed out that Joseph B. Eastman, railroad coordinator, was not working actively for either at this time. AIMS AT BOTTLErBOY HITS FRIEND ON WRIST George Topcheff, 12, Taken to City Hospital. George Topcheff. 12. of 232 Douglas street, is confident that his friend. Stoavi Vaseloff. 13. of *lOl Ketchman street, never will qualify as an expert marksman. Vaseloff was shooting at a bottle perched on a fence near West lake yesterday as Topcheff was climbing over the fence a few feet from the bottle. Topcheff was struck on the left wrist by a bullet and sent to city hospital for treatment. PROBATION^ TESTS set Examinations for Applicant to Be Held Dec. 7, 8. A second state-wide examination of applicants for posts as prohibition officers will be held Dec. 7 and 8 in the statehouse. it was announced today by Dr. Francis D. McCabe, state prohibition director. Several persons who failed in the first examination are among the twenty-one who have applied already to take the test. pioneer Aviator Dies in Crash Bff I nit• 4 Prrss ALGERIA. Nov. 26—Dr. Robert Tillier. radiologist and pioneer in Algerian aviation, was killed near Arba yesterday when his airplane lost altitude in a storm and struck a mountain.
Second Section
Ent**rpd Second-i’lniM M*tf**r it PosmfHce. Indianapolis. Ind.
Fair Enough BROOK PEOIfR N r EW YORK, Nov. 26.—At last, in various parts of the country, the teacher who promoted the great American plague of education are beginning to feel twinges of conscience and to concede, by inches, that the person whose mind has been landscaped is not necessarily any happier for that and may be more troublesome than he would have been if he had been permitted to remain dumb. The assumption that one mind is originally as fertile as another and that all are equally suscepti-
ble, to gardening js not held as stoutly as it once was. So, possibly, a day is coming when the educators will admit flatly that there are a large proportion of side-hill minds without sufficient top soil to support the intellectual vegetation which they have been trying to sprout there by main strength and force of law. This being done, there might ensue a great national movement, to abandon large numbers of hopeless, marginal minds, letting them go back to cactus and burdock and save the expensive teaching facilities for those who show some
evidence of a talent for learning. The country is crowded with thousands of plants, many of them calling themselves universities, dedicated to the proposition that every numbskull, on reaching a certain age, ought to be impounded for a term of years and squirted over with education at public expense. nan Thep re Glorified Towel Swingers 'T'HESE collections of buildings have turned out thousands of more, or less glorified towel swingers in recent years, officially certified to be experts in nothing more important than play. They are, in fact, no more educated than so many gymnasium attendants of the kind who hang around prizefighters’ camps to rub down the lithe, lean bodies of the pugelists and dab their rope-burns with ldoine. However, they learn to babble about calories and carbohydrates and when they are dismissed from school at the end of four years it makes them unhappy to learn that play is not a science or an industry, after all, but a form of frivolity for which their fellow citizens need no formal instruction. The program of the educated farmer is not the same as that of the educated ignoramus, but belongs to the same question. The studious stockraiser was taught all the domestic and romantic secrets of the pig and cow and went forth to raise so many pigs and cows, and such fat and juicy ones, that there came a time when his government had to bribe him to suspend his learning and just hold still until the havoc wrought by his education could be effaced by time, money and luck. He came to the point of knowing too much about farming and the cost of persuading him not to do as he had been taught to was greater than the expense of teaching him how in the first place. There is a strange conflict in the thinking of the educated white population of the south which always has puzzled your correspondent. They hold that the cabin Negro, living off his little patch and handling almost no money from one year's end to another, is a happy man because he is too ignorant to know any better. For a fact, the cabin Negro does seem content and there is no doubt that the political and economic storms which sweep over his part of the land leave him unscathed. an tt He Just Keeps Going IF Huey Long enslaves white Louisiana, the Negro suffers no loss of his rights because he never was allowed to vote or even care who happened to be his master. Having no stake in the game and no mind with which to wonder whither his country is drifting, he hoes his patch, minds his business and leads, to hear his white neighbors tell it, an ideal existence, free of worry and responsibility. It would seem, therefore, that the white man needlessly and foolishly scourges himself when he sends himself off to the state university and prepares his mind for a lifetime of wishing and selfsympathy. But who then, is the dumb one? Is it the Negro who guards his own happiness by preserving his ignorance or his wh : te superior who knows the secret of the Negro’s happiness, yet wilfully incurs th n curse of knowledge? There is just one reason why your correspondent has never fully believed in the idyllic happiness of the Negro field-hand. It has always seemed, in view of the white man’s well-known propensity to claim the l}est things in life for himself, that if the Negro were so enviable in his ignorance and poverty he long ago would have been driven out of his little cabin and compelled to live in the big house, go to college, get educated and worry about the government and the future. (Copyright, 1934. by United Feature Syndicate, Inc.)
Your Health -Bit l)R. MORRIS FISIIBEIN-
''l 'HE disease that used to be called croup nowadays 1 is likely to be called acute laryngitis or occasionally streptococcic sore throat. It represents an inflammation of the larynx and throat in which usually the streptococcus is involved, but, occasionally a germ called the staphylococcus may be the cause. The most serious form of infection in the throat is that due to the germ of diphtheria. In the other types the tissues of the throat are usually swollen and red and there is a good deal of thick, gummy, mucous material so that the voice is hoarse and breathing occasionally difficult. In diphtneria a thick, adherent membrane forms in the throat and in certain severe forms of streptococcus infection a membrane will form also, but in general a thick, white membrane is typical of diphtheria. a a a OCCASIONALLY the swelling in the throat may be so large as to cause great difficulty in breathing, with wheezing. In other cases the swelling may spread rapidly from the throat into the bronchial tubes and pneumonia may follow. In the worst forms the fever is high, the breathing rapid, and the patient is very ill. Such cases do not occur frequently in summer, but with the coming of cold weather, children often are affected. In the simplest cases of croup, the doctor usually advises that the child be put promptly to bed. given plenty of fluids and occasionally relieved by the inhalation of steam which may or may not be medicated, according to the doctor's orders. When the coughing is severe, the doctor can prescribe sedatives which will relieve it. If the throat is sore, an ice-pack around it will help. nun IN severe cases In which there may actually be obstruction, the immediate attention of the physician is of the greatest importance. He can arrange for the breathing of oxygen if that is necessary, even giving the oxygen through tubes passed through the nose. He can arrange for introduction of a tube into the throat which- makes certain that the air will pass suitably through the larynx. In the most severe ca.ses it may even be necessary to make an opening into the windpipe from the outside so that the breathing may go on until the patient has a chance to overcome the inflammation. Any case in which there is great swelling in the throat and difficulty in breathing must be considered serious, because breathing is necessary to life and even a sudden blocking of a few minutes may result fatai'y. -
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Westbrook Pegler