Indianapolis Times, Volume 46, Number 154, Indianapolis, Marion County, 7 November 1934 — Page 13

ft Seems to Me HEYWOOD BROUN FYYDE PARK. N. Y, Nor. 7.—1 wish I were a * * White House correspondent because he meets m> many interesting Presidents. Well, one or two maybe within each generation. The work. I am assured. has grown more difficult of late. Press conferences are more numerous and much more happens than in the days when the newspaper representatives had nothing to do except to ascertain Just which Indian tribe Calvin Coolidge had joined on the current afternoon. And yet the burden which falls upon these enterpri.'.ng young men hardly is likely to seem arduous

to anybody adjusted to the frantic pace of columning. And when I-ranklin Roosevelt seeks seclusion and rest at his country estate the pressure slows down to a walk. It is a nice place which the President has. Looking at it from the outside one hardly would realize its spaciousness. A year or so ago I am informed large police dogs roamed the grounds. And on occasion they bit reporters from Republican papers. They also bit correspondents from Democratic organs, several congressmen, and George Creel. Life went on about as usual. But finally the fiercest

Heywnod Broun

member of the pack nipped a senator from a doubtful state and now there is nothing but a lap dog on the second floor. The rest is peace and silence. a a a Just What He Needed OUR delegation had business to discuss which is no concern of this column since it has been covered elsewhere. But since no cabinet members, reluctant California Democrats, or diplomats seemed to be on the morning's schedule one member of the party suggested that it might be a kindly Boy Scout deed to call upon the correspondents and give them a story on this quiet day. He said that press headquarters were in the Nelson House and he added that after two hours of serious discussion he felt that he wanted a glass of beer in order to pull himself together. For myself a breath of country air was quite enough, but naturally I trailed along. I would like to boast that the moment we entered the hotel eager newsgatherers rose up from every corner and plied us with innumerable questions. Nothing of the sort happened. There were no reporters in the lobby, in the restaurant, or in the bar. We had a fleeting fear that something critical had happened. It was well past the time when all good columnists have hit their stride and indeed almost at the hour when the second or third draft of the daily stint is written and rewritten. Somebody suggested the house phone. Mr. R. spoke to the clerk and sslid, “A group of reporters from New York is willing to submit to an interview at the hands of the correspondents.” “Is it important?" asked the clerk. "As to that,” responded Mr. W., “Only posterity can decide.” “In that case.” answered the man at the desk, “I imagine I had better not awaken them. Last night was poker night. I imagine the gentlemen need thetr rest and hardly would care to be disturbed. If you want to leave your samples I will see that they are distributed.” mam He Finally Broke Down BUT as someone so aptly has said it always is darkest before dawn. And as I have often remarked if you sit long enough on the doorstep of any newshawk he eventually will ferret out your secret. After r ’apse of time a working newspaper man showed up and when we had been grilled ami cross-questioned for five or six seconds an indiscreet member of our troupe broke down and consented to talk for publication. Nothing which he revealed seemed of a sort to stop the presses. “It's a very quiet day.” said the correspondent, "and maybe I can send a paragraph.” I tried to reveal to him the inner significance of what had been blurted forth so rashly, but he changed the subject and insisted on telling about the pot in which he held the aces full and waited for the man on his extreme left to open. I do not wish t) question the judgment of a Washington correspondent. but it seemed to me that our story was twice as short and at least five-eighths as interesting. Yet even at that moment triumph was galloping up like Sheridan at Shenandoah. The gift from heaven was a gentleman from a Poughkeepsie paper. Quite on his own he hurled a leading question. The moment for which I have waited forty-five and onehalf years had arrived. I stroked my chin thoughtfully and said. “I'm sorry, but on that point I am afraid I would not care to be quoted.” (CopvrlKht. 1934. bv The Times!

Today s Science BV DAVID DIETZ

NOVEMBER Is an excellent month to make the acquaintance of the star about which astronomers know more than any other star in the heavens, brilliant, beautiful, yellowish-white Capella. About 8 p. m. Capella rises over the horizon in the northeast. Two hours later it is fairly high in the sky. Low in the north is the Big Dipper, its pointers leading the way up into the sky to the North Star, a distance about equal to that from the Big Dipper to the North Star, is Capella, chief star in the constellation of Auriga. If you are at a station where it is dark enough to see the Milky Way, you will note that part of the constellation of Auriga lies in the Milky Way, but that Capella itself is just a little to the north of live Milky Way. Only two stars visible in the northern hemisphere surpass Capella in brilliance. Sirius and Vega. The constellation oi Auriga, or the charioteer, is represented upon the famous star charts of Bayer, published in 1603. and Flamsteed, published in 1729, as an old man holding a bridle in one hand and a goat in the other. Capella marks the goat. The star’s name is from the Latin and means “the little she-goat.” a a a SOME thirty years ago. Campbell at the Lick observatory and Newall at Cambridge. England, each working independently, came to the conclusion from studies of the spectrum that Capella was a double star. Motion of a star in the line of sight is indicated by shift in spectrum lines. They found first a shift that indicated that the star was approaching the >un: then a shift which indicated it was receding from the sun: then the first shift again, and so on. In other words. Capella behaved as though it were going around in a small circular orbit. In addition to revealing that Capella was a double | star, the spectroscope yielded additional facts , about it. The spectroscope reveals that the main star forming the Capella system has the surface temperature and composition of our own sun. It shows that the companion star is slightly hotter, but nevertheless slightly fainter. From this it is possible to conclude that the companion star is somewhat smaller. The two stars swing around their orbit in 104 d*ys . . I Once the distance of Capella was calculated, I it was possible to calculate the real brightness of the | component stars. It proved that the main star was i 110 times as bright as our sun while the companion star was forty-eight times as bright This makes them both giant stars in comparison with our sun. | The main star was shown to be 4.2 times our sun in mass and the companion star 33. • * * ORION, the mighty hunter, is now to be found upon the eastern horizon, bearing testimony to the fact that winter weather is near. Last monvh. j Taurus, the celestial bull, came over the eastern horizon as the leaves turned red and gold. Now. as ths wind strips the last leaves from the trees and leaves them shivering in the cold, Orion appears. In another ntbnth, Orion will be followed by his i hunting dogs. Cants Major, the constellation which i contains the brightest star in the heavens. Sinus, j and Cams Minor, whose bright star is Procyon.

FnU Leased Wire Service of the United Preaa Association

CRIME, POLITICS—HAND IN HAND U. S. Agents Take Swift Vengeance in Kansas City Massacre

This i* the last of three articles outlining the real store of the Kansas City massacre and trannr evidence of a liaison between politicians and gangsters as ferreted out by federal agents. ! tty SEA Strvict Kansas city, mo., Nov. 7. It was easy to guess the men behind the triggers at the Union } station massacre; harder to prove the guesses correct; harder still to catch the butchers. But death, who had seemed on the side of the gangsters on the union station plaza, turned at last to the government’s side. Harvey Bailey was suspected; in fact, there were witnesses who said they saw him in the station shortly before the massacre, inquiring the time of incoming MissouriPacific trains. ' Verne Miller, St. Paul gunman and ex-sheriff, was known to have been in town; in fact, he appears to have had the gall to appear at the station some time after the massacre, inquiring for friends. “Pretty Boy” Floyd and Adam Richetti were known to be in the neighborhood, for they had, just about the same time that the officers were nabbing Nash in Hot Springs, kidnaped Sheriff Jack Killingsworth at Bolivar, Mo., and taken him to Kansas City, releasing him there and disappearing. With men like Bailey, Miller, Floyd and Richetti in towm.it was pretty easy to compile a list of suspects. And federal agents, burning with the murder of Caffrey, went to work. * a a BAILEY was the first to uncover himself. Within a month he perpetrated the kidnaping of Charles Urschel, oil millionaire, at Oklahoma City. The ransom money in the Urschell case passed on the streets of Kansas City, suggesting that Bailey was working on his schemes here. But justice agents caught up with Bailey on a Kansas City golf links, where he and his friends were disporting themselves, and packed him away for a life sentence. He has been moved to Alcatraz prison in San Francisco bay, from which nobody has yet escaped. And if his life sentence isn’t long enough, an indictment still hangs over his head for the Union station massacre, and he always can be tried for murder. Os all the suspects, the officers were most certain of Verne Miller. His pretty little home in Kansas City suddenly was found deserted. On a beer bottle found there were fingerprints of Floyd. It looked good, and the search for Miller was on in full force. He and Floyd were reported to have met in Cleveland after the massacre. But suddenly came a break, one of those dramatic breaks that often interrupt the steady course of justice. In a ditch in a suburb

The-

DAILY WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND

■By Drew Pearson and Robert S. Alle

WASHINGTON, Nov. 7.—A new war is in the making behind the scenes in the strife-scarred steel industry. This particular struggle is not, however, a conflict with labor. The brewing battle is among the steel moguls themselves over the issue of high price maintenance. A number of the younger, independent companies, led by Republic and Weirton, both giants in their own right, are taking the position that steel prices should be cut drastically so as to step up consumption. A high volume of production on a renewed margin of profit, they

argue, is better business than a small output at high price. The independents forced a slash in prices last spring. Now they are talking of still further pruning. If the giants of the old-line corporations commonly known as "The Trust”—refuse to go along with such a policy, and the independents put up a fight, the country will witness a spectacular and unprecedented bcttle. man Broad-shouldered Donald R. Richberg still is climbing skyward in power in the President’s inner group of advisers. That is the true significance behind the recent executive order consolidating the executive council and the national emergency council, with Richberg at the head of the new unit. There are two other items in the order whose weighty importance in coming events is known to only a few on tflfe inside. The first was the broad power bestowed on Richberg to select the field and headquarters personnel of the consolidated agency without regard to civil service requirements. This means that Richberg has been entrusted with the task of organizing a staff that can reach into every sizable community in the country, and be beholden directly to the White House. The second was the detailed enumeration of the many functions of the new council, and particularly the statement that it will “co-operate with any federal agency in performing such activities as the President may direct.” What this means is that Richberg. in effect, becomes a sort of cabinet member-at-large. Keep your eye on this bright young man and his new “department." With the election out of the way things will begin to happen. a a a T 1 was pure chance which gathered some of the President's Brain Trust together, and it was pure chance which dispersed them. Professor Moley, the first man in the picture, got to know Roosevelt when the latter was Governor of New York, and when Moley was serving on his crime commission. Professor Tugwell happened to get into the picture because he lived near Moley at Columbia university. Moley asked him to work out some economic ideas for Roosevelt. Adolf Berle happened to join

The Indianapolis Times

" J 111 I |* * | J A OKLAHOMA \Ji 1 S V 4WNeE ' £ SWINGS

Maurice Milligan, federal prosecutor, left, who has announced that evidence he is presenting to a grand jury at Kansas City will clear up many crimes, pictures a gangster-politics tie-up that will shock the city. Jimmy La Capra, former racketeer, right,

of Detroit was found one morning a horribly mutilated body. The victim had been stabbed to death with an ice-pick or some such weapon, sewn in a sack, and thrown into a ditch. The face was unrecognizable. n n tt THE fingerprints told the story. They were Miller’s. Some of his gangland associates in boozerunning or murder either had become afraid Miller knew too much, or felt he had doublecrossed them in the killing ot Nash. Anyway, one more name was off the government list. Wilbur Underhill, who, like Miller, had been a friend and associate of Nash, also was on that list. When he made good his escape from the Kansas penitentiary, he had disappeared into the wild Ozark country that had harbored the James boys. But, although he dodged about from town to town like the wild and hunted thing he waS, the law caught up with Underhill at Shawnee, Okla., on the last day of 1933. Routed from his bed, he was shot down in the street as he made one last desperate effort to run away. And that was another name crossed off the list. Floyd and Richetti were the men wanted to complete the roster of death. Each had a long record of murder and robbery before the union station massacre. Richetti, less widely known and less picturesque than Floyd, is wanted in Missouri for the cold-

the group because he gave a talk at the Harvard Club one night; afterward drafted a memorandum of the discussion and sent it to those who were present. One of them happened to show it to Moley. Another to Colonel House. Both showed it to the presidential candidate. “I’d like to meet that man,” said Roosevelt. So Berle was initiated into the Brain Trust. Later he brought with him Charles Taussig for whom Berle served as attorney. Thus the family grew. And in somewhat the same way, the last year has seen the little group gradually disintegrate.

SIDE GLANCES

“Then X had the bright idea of turning this space into a little 4en for John*”

INDIANAPOLIS, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 1934

is the star government witness. Two efforts were made on his life shortly before the grand jury hearing. The map shows the midwestern belt in which professional murderers flitted from city to city, finding apparent haven and help in each.

blooded murder of Sheriff Roger Wilson and Highway patrolman Ben Booth in Boone county only a few days before the massacre. Then, suddenly, southern Ohio peace officers flushed two men sleeping on blankets by a littlefrequented road. In the gun battle that followed, Richetti was captured, and within two days Floyd was run down and slain. tt tt tt NOW Richetti alone remains of the active gunners of the union station massacre. And before he faces even that sinister charge, Missouri wants him for the previous murders. Richetti will add his story to the testimony now being heard by the Kansas City grand jury. Then he will face the legal penalties for his crimes. Though Verne Miller was a friend of Nash, police were struck by the fact that none of the others concerned would naturally have been enough interested in him to make so desperate an effort to free the man. Striking also was the accuracy and speed of the information about the arrival of Nash in Kansas City. The gunmen’s car had been parked close to that of the federal agents, and the murderers were waiting and began firing even before the agents could enter their car. The telephone calls were more closely checked. Mrs. Nash, and her friends were shadowed for weeks, months. The eleven present indictments are the result.

U. S. SOON TO ACT IN DILUNGER BREAK Surprise Move Looked For by Agents. By Times Special WASHINGTON, Nov. 7.—Surprise action by department of justice officials investigating John Dillinger’s “wooden gun” jailbreak at Crown Point,. Ind., was predicted here today. “The case has been so co-mingled with politics in Indiana that we have had difficulty in attempting to proceed,” one official said. “With the election out of the way, it should be easier. We have all the information gathered by Governor Paul V. McNutt’s forces and some additional known only to our own men,” he added. MEDICAL BOARD ELECTS Dr. H. G. Hamer Heads Advisers to Methodist Hospital. Dr. H. G. Hamer has been elected president of the medical advisory board of Methodist hospital. Dr. Ross C. Ottinger was elected vicepresident and Dr J. H. Eberwein secretary.

By George Clark

The government will attempt to prove that this was the chain of events: When Mrs. Frances Nash of Hot Springs learned that federal officars had arrested her husband, she called friends, Mr. and Mrs. Herbert A. Farmer, at Joplin, Mo., and in company with Richard T. and Mrs. Elizabeth Galatas, who were with her at Hot Springs, flew to Joplin, where she was met by the Farmers. From there she called Chicago and got Louis Staeci, a friend of the late “Machine-gun Jack” McGurn. Stacci then, in a series of calls, got in touch with Verne Miller in Kansas City. And later Miller was advised in a call from Joplin what time the Nash party was due in Kansas City. a a THE Galtas, the Farmers, Frank B. (Fritz) Mulloy, Stacci, Mrs. Miller (Mrs. Vivian Mathis), and Mrs. Nash are the eight now under indictment of the special grand jury here, all charged with obstructing justice. But Miller, desperate man though he was, needed help in so audacious a job as the “delivery” of Nash. He did not know Floyd and Richetti. That is where the government case begins to reach beyond mere crime. The witness, Jimmy La Capra, charges that Miller went to John Lazia, since murderd political ward boss for help. And that Lazia brought together Miller,

THE NATIONAL ROUNDUP a a a By Ruth Finney

WASHINGTON, Nov. 7.—From Wall Street’s point of view the most important election, returns will not be in for several days, perhaps longer. The Street wants to know how many members of the new congress have been pledged in advance to vote for the thirty-hour week, for unemployment insurance, and for legislation clarifying and extending labor’s right to organize and bargain collectively.

The American Federation of Labor knows the answers, but it is not talking. Six weeks ago it sent out questionnaires to every candidate for the senate and house of representatives, covering these points. The replies it received were turned over to state branches and local unions for the guidance of their members. They have not been made public. The National Association of Manufacturers sent out similar questionnaires, but it, too. has been silent about the replies. This is the first national election in which the questionnaire has played an important part. Advance pledges were useless when the incoming congress did not take office until thirteen months after election. The Jame duck amendment to the Constitution eliminated the long period of marking time and made it possible for constituents to demand exact pledges on current issues. In future congressional elections, tabulations along these lines probably will be ready as soon as returns are in. tt n tx TO some extent the Democratic vote tells the answer so far as unemployment insurance is concerned. President Roosevelt has said he will back social security measures and candidates who made support of the New Deal their principal pledge presumably will go along. But the administration is on record against the thirty-hour week and is silent in regard to stronger guarantees on collective bargaining. President Roosevelt is extremely anxious, himself, to know what success the A. F. of L. has had in pledging candidates. a a a IF neither the United States nor Canada has ratified the treaty by July 11, 1935 the agreement may be cancelled. No adequate poll has been made to show how incoming congressment stand on inflation and other monetary issues and on payment of the cash bonus. Nine attractive federal posts await causalties of the election. President Roosevelt has made few appointments in recent months and is in a position to take care of any of his friends who may fall by the wayside. There are two vacancies on the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. one on the Federal Trade Commission and one in the Home Owners Loan Corporation. Almost as important is the position of chief counsel of the trada commission. A governor of the federal reserve board is to be selected, a chairman of the national la-

la ji| SB#'*:*

Floyd and Richetti, giving them at least the opportunity to lay their plot, though refusing to allow his own henchmen to take any more active part than to escort the murderers out of town after the massacre. , Though La Capra has been a known enemy of Lazia, department of justice men believe his testimony, nevertheless, will be the entering wedge showing close connections between ward politics here and the underworld. And while shady citizens in Kansas City sleep a little less soundly nights, the most revealing picture of intercity gang connections yet drawn is gradually being unfolded. The government agents who went out to solve a murder are letting in the light on something even more important. (THE END)

bor relations board, and a budget director. There is a vacancy in the eighth circuit court of appeals. PHYSICIANS’ COLLEGE ALUMNI TO CONVENE Annual Reunion to Be Held at City Club Tomorrow. The Central College of Physicians and Surgeons Alumni Association will hold its fifty-fourth annual reunion tomorrow at the Columbia Club. Dr. Goethe Link, 216 Massachusetts avenue, will preside and Dr. H. H. Wheeler, Columbia Club, will be toastmaster. Business meetings and a social hour will be held in the afternoon, with a banquet at 7 tomorrow night. Members of the arrangements committee are Dr. John F. Barnhill, Dr. Link, Dr. Max Bahr, Dr. Amelia Keller and Dr. A. C. Pebworth, all of Indianapolis. Honor guests will include Dr. John John A. Lambert, Dr. Lillian Crockett Lowder and Dr. Joseph Rilus Eastman Jr., all of Indianapolis, and Dr. Nicholas A. Kremer, Madison, Ind.; Dr. James H. Hawk, and Dr. B. B. Thorpe, Tucumcari, N. M. AD CLUB TO HEAR TALK ON NEW TYPE AIRPLANE Jacks’on Company Representative to Be Guest Tomorrow. Indianapolis Advertising Club members will hear Findley D. Henderson, flying instructor and representative of the Raymond D. Jackson Company, Indianapolis manufacturer of the Aruplane, at their regular luncheon at 12:15 tomorrow at the Columbia Club. Mr. Henderson, a former flying instructor at Kelly field, San Antonio, will discuss plans for the Aruplane, anew, low-cost plane of revolutionary design, which is to be placed on the market this year. NORRIS PROPOSAL WINS NEBRASKA’S APPROVAL Unicameral Legislative Assembly Gains Favor. Hp Lnilct Prn LINCOLN, Neb., Nov. 7.—Nebraska today bowed to the governmental experience of Senator George W. Norris and authorized creation of an unicameral legislative assembly. Tabulation on Mr. Norris’ constitutional amendment showed a growing lead in its favor. With 1,046 precincts counted, the vote was: 107,863 is favor to 128,978 against.

Second Section

Entered an Secnd-Cla* Matter at Postoffice. Indianapolis. Ind.

Fair Enough nMH CHICAGO, Nov. 7.—"And this.” said the guide, shoving open a cardboard door and clicking a dead electric light switch, “is Miss Sally Rand's private dressing room. The rest of the girls in the show had one big dressing room together. That room over there with the perforated water pipe along the ceiling is the shower where the little beauties scrubbed down after the show to remove

the bronze paint.” So there your correspondent stood in the very room which had been occupied by the woman who made tjie Chicago World Fair. Not that Miss Rand, the fan dancer and undisputed champion of that form of public entertainment known as the “meat show,” actually had built the World Fair. Miss Rand did more than that. She made it. The World Fair definitely was made that afternoon last year when a learned judge dismissed a complaint against her art with the remark that some people would wish to put pants on a horse. The judge hastily added.

with a friendly nod to the fair defendant, that ha meant nothing personal by that. Thereafter Miss Rand's art was official at the Chicago World Fair and all the secondary meat shows m the Streets of Paris and the Italian village and in little phone-booth cubicles tucked into angles in the architecture had legal sanction and high artistic precedent. a a Just Like the Hawards THE wreckage of that last wild night when the true Harvard spirit possessed the mob gradually was being swept into sodden heaps. There were ragged banners from the long Avenue of Flags, splintered signs, smashed bottles, paper cups, soggy sandwiches, hats, odd shoes and uprooted plants from the privet hedges. Your correspondent had not seen the rioting on the last night of the fair, but as the guide described it, the story recalled a scene at the Yale bowl a few years back when the Harvards, after years of waiting, came swooping down out of the west stands to yank up the steel goal posts with their concrete dead-men intended to anchor them in the soil, and twist them into the true lovers’ knots. Not long before that, the Harvards had complained with fine logic and hot scorn that the Princetons were a lot of vandals and unfit to associate with gentlemen-sportsmen. The Princetons had ripped out and splintered Harvard’s goal posts, which were made of wood. The Harvards pointed out that this was not only larceny but malicious mischief. The goal posts were the private property of the Harvard Corporation and all civilized people, even Princeton, ought to respect the sanctity of property. Then the Harvards went down to Yale and won one at last and demolished Yale’s private property with a mischievous fury worthy of the most abandoned Princetonian. So the Chicago mob which kicked in plate glass windows and the mock masonry of medieval castles built of cardboard, ripped out telephones and looted saloons and hot-dog stands were all Harvards under the skin. They were Harvards to the nth power and any one who can improve on the Harvard civilization in the United States seems more to be lauded than scorned. a tt a An Illusion Vanishes BUT your correspondent was standing in the door of the room where the beautiful Miss Sally Rand prepared herself for two exhibitions each night, rain or shine, of that which a wise jurist had certified to be the art of the dance. It was just a trace disenchanting. There lay upon the floor a litter of papers, enormous lop-sided feminine slippers, makeup towels smeared with war paint and even a bottle or two. On the table was a tall, skinny Italian liquor bottle with a stalk of some weed inside and a deposit of rocksugar at the bottom. There was the butt of a hot dog and a pot of mustard. Romance fled and illusion vanished. Oh, Miss Rand! Oh. lovely, feminine, foamy Miss Rand! Lop-sided slippers, hot dogs and gummy mustard, trash indescribable and writings on the walls. And who is this “Buddy” whose name i3 written so bold among the other writings and drawings on the cardboard wall outside the dressing room door, along with his telephone number, for ready reference? Now, the guide led the way into the low, gloomy room where the virginal beauties of Miss Sally Rand’s troupe had gathered in their girlish loveliness to take them off and put them on again night after glamorous night. “This is the room where the chorus ladies dressed,” he said. . “You lie, your cur,” your correspondent cried ana staggered from the scene with his hands over his eyes. The demolition of an ideal was complete by now, but the guide steered the way past the swimming pool where laughing sprites as sweet as a sophomore’s dream had frolicked the summer nights away wearing not much on before and a little less than half of that behind. . .. “This here,” he said, "is where they had the diving show.” Your correspondent peered over the side. It was not the amethyst lair of the enchantress any more. It was a concrete vat, and, in a gritty puddle at the bottom lay three smashed whisky bottles, a megaphone, a broken chair and a crumpled plug hat. (Copyright. 1934. by United Featme Syndicate. Inc.!

Your Health -BY OR. MORRIS FISHBELN

THE reason you are assured a considerable degree of safety from many infectious diseases ia the realization that prevention is perhaps the most important factor in wiping out such diseases. Today, scientific medicine prevents the spread of serious diseases which used to destroy hundreds of thousands of lives. One of the best ways to prevent infectious disease is to keep away from those who have it. However, an infected person isn’t the sole factor on spread of disease. His sputum and other excretions of the body may carry the germs, and unless proper means for destroying the germs in excretions and secretions are developed, diseases are spread by this method. The Roman empire, it is said, fell because of malaria. Malaria was so called in early days because it was believed the disease came from bad air. Today we know it is transmitted by mosquitos. The food for Rome came from the country districts around it. These districts were ideal for the breeding of the malaria mosquito. a a a TODAY malaria is not seen in the northern parts of the United States, because the swamps are drained and the mosquitos destroyed. In some of our southern communities there is still a good deal of malaria, but persons ward off the disease by taking quinine. Besides, the states are working on control of the mosquito problem, so that it is safe to say that malaria will be stamped out of the United States exactly as were yellow fever and plague. Yellow fever is spread by the mosquito, but elimination of cases of the disease and the successful mosquito campaign have ended it in this country. Plague is spread by rats. In China and India it is still a frequent disease and kills thousands. It has, however, been barred from this country. When ships come from China and India, they are not allowed to land until all rats on them have oeen destroyed. • • a ONE of the diseases which we have not been able to stamp out completely is typhoid fever. This malady # is spread by contaminated food and water which have come into contact with the excretions of a person who has had this disease.

V mt-iM

Westbrook Pegler