Indianapolis Times, Volume 46, Number 146, Indianapolis, Marion County, 29 October 1934 — Page 9

It Seems to Me Htm BROUN * | ''HE First Lady took the honors in the debate at Buffalo. At least that's my opinion. William B. Groat, Republican candidates for representative at large, has declared, “It is my humble belief that the First Lady of the land should mind her own business and stay out of partisan politics.” Most of this criticism directed against Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt is on a misapprehension. The feeling seems to be that here is a woman using her husband's high political position to further her own activity as a speaker and public person. But this just doesn't happen to be true. Mrs. Roosevelt was active in many causes long before Franklin D. Roosevelt w r as much talked of as

a candidate for the presidency. To put it bluntly, I think that Eleanor Roosevelt is handicapped on the whole by being the wife of a President. On her own she might well be a successful candidate for congress or the senate. The fact that she could do no more than make a speech for a friend is testimony to the fact that certain limitations have been imposed upon her. And I see no reason why Mrs. Roosevelt should not have taken the stump for Caroline O'Day. Mrs. O'Day is distinctly a candidate

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Heywood Broun

and would add prestige to the house of representatives. Nor was there any disposition at the Buffalo meeting to tread softly and handle the visitor from Washington •with kid gloves. a a a Devoid of hid Gloves FROM my point of view, Miss Natalie -Couch made a silly speech which bore every evidence of having come directly from some campaign handbook for beginners. There has been a certain amount of head-shaking over the fact that Miss Couch was booed. Such conduct was rude but less than tragic. And perhaps it w-as just as well that women should show the world a willingness to give and take in the battles of party politics. Certainly Mrs. Roosevelt asked for no particular consideration on her own account. She .sat by and heard the old story about Napoleon Bonaparte and h’s striking resemblance to Franklin D. Roosevelt. When Miss Couch asserted, “The people of the United States realize they no longer have a republic,’’ Eleanor Roosevelt neither reddened with rage nor showed any sign of emotional distress. Like a trained platform speaker, she began to take notes for her own reply. Os course, she was called upon to answer the familiar Republican argument that we must have a balanced budget. Mrs. Roosevelt s answer seemed to me the logical and effective one. She said, “How are you going to get it? Are you going to stop feeding the hungry and unemployed?” Until the opponents of direct relief can provide some adequate answ r er to these points I hardly think that the argument for economy will carry much conviction. For instance, Miss Couch in stating her program declared. “I favor sound and humane provision for social welfare and relief.” But what does that mean? How can these things be done without public expenditure Surely there can be small remaining faith in the theory that private charity is adequate. In dealing with the situation in which she found herself Mrs. Roosevelt explained, “I am doing this as an individual. I realize that I can not disassociate myself from the fact of my husband's position in people's minds, but I am acting as an individual as far as it is possible.” tt tt u She Is Human WHEN Nora walked out of Mr. Ibsen’s “Doll’s House” she told the world in no uncertain terms that she was before all else a human being. I think this rule applies to the wife of a President of the United States. Neither marriage nor the last national election can serve to obliterate the fact that Eleanor Roosevelt is an individual. So why in Heaven's name hasn't she every' right to behave as one? It is well to remember that the First Lady was bom a Roosevelt. For better or worse Roosevelts can’t be kept out of politics. If the front door is barred they will come in through the basement. To the best of my recollection Alice Longworth never has made a political speech in her life. While her husband was speaker of the house she practically never was quoted on any question of public affairs and yet it would be silly to say that she didn't play politics. Some Washington observers think that she did more to defeat the League of Nations than either Lodge or Borah. It was all back stage work. Now it is asking too much from human and Roosevelt nature to require Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt to do nothing to help a close and admired friend running for congress from her own state. I suppose that by certain devious devices Mrs. Roosevelt could have lent a helping hand to Mrs. O Dav. Some may say that in this way she would have preserved her dignity. I disagree. It seems to me that the dignified thing was the bold and open thing which Eleanor Roosevelt did. Mrs. Roosevelt is the wife of the President of the United States. She is also a voter and a citizen with a lively interest in public affairs. Why should there be any secrecy about that? (Copvmht. 1934. bv The Times)

Your Health BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN

THE herring is so widely eaten by all races, types and classes of people that it is interesting to have some exact data as to its place in the diet. Since it has become possible to pack such fish for transportation and distribution, they are more and more used. The herring family includes not only the true herring, but also such fish as whitebait, sprats and sardines. Naturally, the figures as to what the herring represents in the way of dietary materials van’ according to the time when the fish are taken from the sea. Herring from January to March differs from that taken later in the year. In general, however, herring provide about 18 per cent of protein, about 80 per cent of water plus fat. and about 2 per cent of other constituents. , The herring protein is naturally a good protein with relatively high phosphorus figures. It contains about 15 per cent of nitrogen, thus providing elements much needed in the human body. a a a /CAPTAIN K. MACLENNAN points out that there is a superstition to the effect that the eating of fish tends to produce melancholy. The only explanation that he can find for this notion is. however, the fact that certain religious groups permit fish on days when meat is not permitted. The water in the tissues of the herring may vary from 50 to 80 per cent, and the fat from 1 to 35 per cent. The fat herring is. of course, much better food than the one with only 1 per cent of fat. Thus herring w hich contain less than 10 per cent of fat are usually winter-caught fish or those which have just spawned. Just previous to spawning, the herring, like other fish, is likely to starve itself so that the fat reserves of its body are drawn upon heavily. man BESIDES the protein, fat and water, the her.'ing contains 2 per cent of other constituents. These are auch matenals as calcium, phosphorus and iodine, which are quite useful in the diet, and also certain vitamins. The vitamins are those common to other fish, but the herring does not contain vitamins D and A to the same extent that these are provided in the liver of the cod or the halibut. In times when it is difficult to obtain suitable protein for maintaining the bodily tissues, the use of fish as a cheap source should be seriously considered by nutritional authorities.

Full Let**d Wir* Service of the United Preg* Association

THE NEW DEAL’S CRUCIAL TEST

Fate of Recovery Program Hinges on Verdicts of Highest Court

With tb V. S. supreme court facing its most momentous session In nearly a century, Rodney Dutcber has written a series of four stories, of which this is the first, telling of the New Deal problems of tremendous import to the nation which will be brought before the country's highest tribunal. BY RODNEY DUTCHER (Copyright. 1934, NEA Service. Inc.) WASHINGTON, Oct. 29.—Major sections of the New Deal, with possibly billions of dollars Involved, will be at issue before the eight black-robed associate justices of the United States supreme court and the frosty-beard-ed chief' justice, gpharles Evans Hughes, this winter. The supreme court session, which will not end until June, is expected to be the most important since pre-Civil war days. Events have been shaping to this end for months. A federal judge in New York stamped his unqualified approval on a New Deal measure. A federal judge in Louisville pondered a similar measure, shook his head, and ruled against it. All across the land debates have raged among attorneys as to whether this recovery act or that Is constiutional. So now all these conflicting decisions and heated arguments are being tossed into the lap of the highest court of the land. The recovery program has been legally attacked on abo>it every point at which it enters the nation’s economic life. The supreme court must decide between now and June which law's and administrative acts it will consider valid. The supreme court is a supercongress which can make or break the acts of the national congress and the state legislatures elected by the people. This is the most important session since 1856, w’hen Chief Justice Roger Brooke Taney, who had been a lawyer for slave owners and slave traders and whose father owmed slaves, handed down the Dred Scott decision—and the civil war followed. a a a THE supreme court is on the spot as at no time since. And it’s just as nervous about that as any of the rest of us. Today the section of private business which wants to operate as it likes still looks to the court as the last bulwark of conservatism, while a government committed to planned economy and supervision of business for what it believes to be the welfare of all asks the nine old men to approve more radical measures than they ever approved before. The Constitution—or rather, that body of law' built up by a century of decisions in which the court has construed and misconstrued it—is supposed to provide a basis for decisions as to operations of NRA, AAA, PWA, TV A and the rest. The issue now is w'hether the Constitution and previous interpretations of it are to be interposed against the New Deal or whether, as New' Dealers hope, it is to be further adapted and ininterpreted to changing conditions and to popular w r ants and needs.

THE NATIONAL ROUNDUP • m a an tt By Ruth Finney

WASHINGTON, Oct. 29.—Legislation to protect life at sea heads the list of business with which the seventy-fourth congress will deal. The administration’s first recommendations to the new' body probably will be upon this subject. The commerce department is at W'ork on them now.

Meanwhile congressmen who feel confident of re-election are writing their own bills without waiting for advice from the administration. The house merchant marine committee is getting together data for a comprehensive measure covering all phases of the subject. Captain Warms and four staff officers of the Morro Castle are to come before a federal board of inquiry today to show cause why their licenses should not be revoked. This new hearing probably will cause demands for immediate legislation to be redoubled. While recommendations of the bureau of navigation and steamboat inspection have not been made public, they are understood to cover fire-proofing of all passenger vessels, practical examinations for able-bodied seamen, and increased liability of ship owners. These points and others are covered in a bill being drafted by Representative William I. Sirovich of New York, ranking member of the house merchant marine committee. The Sirovich bill provides that fire-proofing be extended even to curtains and draperies aboard passenger liners. It requires construction of additional emergency exits. • M M IT makes it mandatory for each passenger vessel to carry welltrained fire fighters and to install fire signals and modern and adequate fire extinguishing equipment. Asa further check on the men to whom passengers’ lives are entrusted, it provides for licensing of all chief electricians on vessels and for raising requirements for radio operators. It calls for a thorough test of life boats at least once a week and directs officers to stop the engines of a burning ship when fire is discovered and to notify other vessels at once. Salvage insurance is provided in the Sirovich measure as a means of lessening the reluctance of ship officers to call for help. Salvage is exceeding costly at present. Accident and death insurance for passengers also is proposed. The measure proposes that an insurance fund, into which both ship companies and passengers would pay small sums, be administered by the secretary of the treasury. In case of death, benefits would amount to SIO,OQ£. Un-

The Indianapolis Times

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The nine who must decide. Newest photo of the United States Supreme court, left to right, standing, Associate Justices Roberts, Butle ;one, Cardoza. Seated, Associate Justices Brandeis, Van Devanter, Chief Justice Hughes and Associate Justices Mcßeynolds and Sutherland

'T'HE court is likely to chart the -*■ country’s social - economic course for the next generation. It may wTite anew charter for human rights as against property rights. On the other extreme, it is empowered to render decisions which would plunge the nation into chaos. (As it might in the gold devaluation case, w'hich affects about $100,000,000,000 in public and private debt.) Any lawyer can compile a list of precedents to show that the court, if it is to be consistent, must stand the country on its head by wrecking many of the socalled emergency agencies. And quite a list can be compiled to prove the opposite. What the lawyers privately are asking among themselves is whether Chief Justice Hughes and Associate Justice Roberts can be counted on to complete the ‘‘liberal majority” of five—the others being Brandeis, Stone, and Cardozo—which in recent years has handed down some relatively advanced decisions. And whether Justice Brandeis can be expected to stand for this or that “delegation of power.” a a a FOR the court hasn’t been consistent. Often it reverses itself. Although nearly always dominated by former corporation lawyers primarily solicitous about property rights, it know's how to bow to expediency and often, as Mr. Dooley i-.aid, has “follow'ed the election returns.” It has acted as if a bit scared ever since the senate progressives tore the tail feathers off Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes and rejected Judge John J. Parker in

der present laws, only $20,000 probably can be drawn on to pay damages to the heirs of the 134 persons lost on the Morro Castle, although owners of the vessel expect to collect $4,200,000 insurance. a a a DR. EDMUND A. WALSH of Georgetown university, in “Ships and National Safety,” published today, asks that study be given to means for more efficient lowering of lifeboats. He points out that “the manner of carry-

SIDE GLANCES

“Olga, you will have to tend the customers. Til be busy with the federal government al!

INDIANAPOLIS, MONDAY, OCTOBER 29, 1934

two successive confirmation fights. It realizes that if its decisions caused sufficient economic disturbance or popular resentment, Roosevelt might appoint additional justices who would outvote an anti-New Deal majority. History has demonstrated that the Constitution not only is flexible, but stretchable in accordance with the social-enonomic viewpoints of the court. Lawyers have amassed fortunes in arguing what the Founding Fathers really meant and one interpretation can usually be argued as well as the next. Five-to-four decisions—in which momentous issues hung on the prejudices and longevity of one old man—frequently have defeated progressive legislation. The chances are that vital points in the New' Deal also will stand or fall in five-to-four decisions. tt tt a AS a general thing, the court hears arguments, then goes into a huddle—some of them are pretty hot—and decides what it wants to do. Then the majority rationalizes its decision on the basis of precedent and philosophy and hands down its opinion, while the minority does likewise in a dissenting opinion. Lawyers say nearly all cases which reach the highest bench have good legal arguments on both sides—because that’s about the only kind the court will consent to review. The weight of the body of precedent which New Deal law ryers must try to upset is more easily understood if you recall that supreme courts of the past have usually represented, rather

ing and launching these vital necessities is archaic and unsatisfactory.” He urges that on crews of American liners a “dominant percentage of American citizens” be required, at least for deck and engine room, and recommends that a special crew of trained fire-fight-ers be carried on each vessel in addition to the regular personnel. This suggestion already has been adopted by one American line. Six of its vessels now are carrying two men each taken from New York’s fire department retired list. The men patrol the vessels from 4 p. m. to 8 a. m., watching for fire and inspecting hose, fire-extinguishing equipment and water pressure. Dr. Walsh urges that an international convention on safety of life at sea. drawn in 1929 by eighteen maritime nations, be brought before the United States senate at once for ratification, and that recommendations of the commission which investigated the Vestris disaster be re-examined now together with findings on the Morro Castle.

By George Clark

directly, the dominant economic interests of their times. The earliest chief justices were all landowners or lawyers for landowners when everybody with property was thinking in "terms of land. The great Chief Justice Marshall helped the bribing land-grabbers loot the public domain and his successors continued the good w'ork. Taney—the Dred Scott man—was all pro-slavery. Came Chief Justice Salmon P. Case, a bank lawyer and director, and the constitution was put to work for the bankers. a a a THE heyday of the railroads found as chief justice Morrison I. Waite of Ohio, a railroad vice-president and director. The railroads continued to loot the western lands and their previous lootings were validated. (At this time all but two isupreme court members were former railroad lawyers, directors or lobbyists.) Chief Justice Fuller, a railroad lawyer, continued to pass out the public domain. Chief Justice White, whose holdings were mostly in sugar, landed on the court just before it decided that the sugar trust wasn’t a combination in restraint of trade under the Sherman anti-trust act. Under White, the court virtually decided that such combinations, outlawed by congress, were quite all right—and trusts lived happily. (The present chief justice, Hughes, has represented large oil, railroad, copper, packing and electrical equipment corporations, among others.) A recent survey showed that in 232 cases involving the national industrial recovery act (which em-

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DAILY WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND

By Drew Pearson and-Robert S. Allen

WASHINGTON, Oct. 29.—One particular class of Roosevelt advisers has been as silent as the tomb recently. They have not peeped. Their names have been strangely absent from the headlines. Few of them have been within a stone’s throw of the White House. Which arouses the legitimate question: What’s become of the professors? There was a day when the White Houte door squeaked constantly with the comings and goings of the professors. There w'as a day when

they gathered round Roosevelt in constant and intimate huddles. There was a day when the professorial hand was seen in every important move he made. That day is gone now. Quietly and without any blare of trumpets Roosevelt has shifted the professors into the background. Many of them are still functioning—and effectively. But they have learned to lie low. a a a LET’S call the roll—see what has become of the scholarly gentlemen who once frequented the White House. Professor Rexford G. Tugwell (Columbia), most ornate and publicized scholar of them all, now is in Europe attending the international agricultural conference. This conference has been held many times before, but never before has it been considered important enough for the second highest man in the department of agriculture to attend. Even if it were, it would not justify his spending six weeks of waiting in Europe for the conference to open. Professor Tugwell, of course, was shunted out of the political picture because he was not a political asset. He is not through, but his political effectiveness is lessened. And one thing which lessened it was his pose as a stalwart conservative before Ed Smith’s senate agricultural committee. Tugwell will come back, will do good work in the department of agriculture. But he will stay in the barkground. Professor A. A. Berle (Columbia), intellectual prodigy who graduated from Harvard at the age of 17, has faded out of the picture almost completely. Berle now is too busy being city chamberlain for Mayor La Guardia in New York. He seldom is seen around the White House. Professor George F. Warren, who sold Roosevelt goid devaluation and the rubber dollar, has gone back to Cornell and the teaching of farm management. He has been slightly critical of the administration, is not in high favor at the White House. But not long ago, after repeated requests for an interview with the President, he had lunch with him. It was the most expeditious way to dispose of Dr. Warren.

braces PWA, oil regulation and labor issues, as well as strict NRA cases) and the agricultural adjustment act in the lower courts, the government has won 76 and lost 23. a a a HARDLY any one supposes that the supreme court will approve or invalidate either the NIRA or the AAA laws as such. Rather, it is expected to pass upon separate provisions and on rules, regulations, and acts of administration. The New Deal cases are just beginning to reach the court. The only ones to arrive thus far involve the gold devaluation act, with its suspension of gold payments; the anti-hoarding law, which required everyone to turn in gold holdings; and the oil production control regulation issued under NIRA. The court has refused to consider validity of the anti-hoard-ing law and federal seizure of gold, for the time being at least, by declining to review an appeal by Frederick B. Campbell of New York from a lower court’s refusal to restrain the United States districk attorney from prosecuting him for violation. Many others are in the lower courts and on their way—cases involving NRA codes, price-fixing and collective bargaining; AAA price-fixing and licenses; PWA grants; TV A competition with private industry , and other protests against power regulation; railroad employe pensions; the FrazierLemke farm mortgage act and others. NEXT—Due process, the common clause, the delegation of power issue, and all that.

PROFESSOR JAMES HARVEY ROGERS, twin monetary adviser with Warren, has gone back to Yale. He did not even get a chance to see the President. The manner of Rogers’ passing is significant and not generally known. Until he went to China to study silver, Rogers refused to accept government salary, felt he could be more effective if he remained independent. In China, of course, he got salary and expenses, but when he returned he asked to be taken off the government pay roll. So one day Rogers got a letter from his monetary boss, young Henry Morgenthau. In substance it read: “I regret so much that you can not join the staff of the treasury department. Will you be good enough to finish your report (on China) within a month and please regard all the information contained therein as confidential.” Enclosed with this letter was another, also on treasury department stationery and signed by Morgenthau. It read: “Dear Rogers: In view of the fact that you have decided not to join the treasury staff, I am forced to withdraw my invitation to participate in the White House conference tomorrow night.” So Professor Rogers went back to Yale. a a a TJUT the man who has really learned the knack of coming back is none other than our old friend Professor Ray Moley. Moley is in the good graces of the White House, stronger than ever these days. He is the one exception to the exile of professors, which proves the rule. Without a government office, without the obligation which a salary from Uncle Sam entails, Moley can come and go as he likes. He is a constant visitor at the White House, has regained much of the perspective he lost, and has become far more effective as an independent. adviser than he ever was when assistant secretary of state. Diplomacy was no carter for Ray Moley. (Oopyrifbt. IM4. by United Feature Syndicate, Xoc.)

Second Section

Entered an Second-Classi Matter *t Pontoffiea. Indianapolis, Ind.

Fair Enough WESTBROOK PEGLER CM FRANCISCO. Oct. 29.—As an alternative to Mahatma Upton Sinclair and his brainstorm trust, the citizens of California have an opportunity to elect to the office of Governor in a time of crisis, an inveterate public servant of the sterling statesman type. He is Frank Finley Merriam. He is 69. a horseshoe pitcher, a Hoover Republican, a Sunday school

teacher, a realtor, a dry and an imported lowan. If you were to meet Mr. Merriam head-on, you would have a haunting idea that you had known him well somewhere before. This notion would bother you. faintly but persistently, like a prickle in a wool undershirt, until suddenly you would exclaim to yourself, “Oh. hell, I remember now.” For it would be a discovery hardly worth the bother. For it would presently dawn on you that Mr. Merriam is the grand, final composite and summing-up of all the standard cartoon representations of the poli-

tician. He is almost bald, his face is round and plump and full of expression, like a hoop, and his figure is the stocky, somewhat rumpled, conventional chassis of the habitual office-holder. You have the likes of Mr. Merriam depicted in the political cartoons a thousand times, sometimes with an arm around the shoulder of a fat man in a plug hat labeled, "the interests,” or "the trusts.” a a a He'll Be Very Convincing IN his utterances you would recognize Mr. Merriam a s Warren G. Harding to the life. He is a statesman who can be relied on to condemn the housefly and the common cold in no uncertain terms, and you never will find him straddling the proposition that right is right and wrong is wrong. In the way of state papers, the citizens of California, if they elect him in preference to Mahatma Sinclair, may look forward to some uncompromising indorsements of Thanksgiving, mother's day, national cheese week and the Red Cross drive. Naturally, if Mr. Merriam is elected, his official cabinet will be composed of statesmen of similar character and ideals just as Mahatma Sinclair must be expected to surround himself with a staff of political and social hypochondriacs like myself. It comes down to a pretty desperate choice for the citizens of California in a pretty desperate time. In fact, both candidates being what they are, it comes down to a decision whether they want to risk a sudden change in the form of government. One virtue which is urged on Mahatma Sinclair’s behalf is that he forever is eating his heart out in a great, humane pity for the man who has to work with his muscles that he may earn more food to keep him endlessly at work until death relieves him. Thus is true, but Mr. Sinclair’s acquaintance with hard w'ork is strictly a matter of hearsay. He is is one of those frail, sincere men, so unfamiliar with hard work that the very sight of a man lifting a sledge gives him pains in the back. There is no such sentinfental foolishness in Mr. Merriam’s makeup. He is big and hearty even at 69 and he could, if necessary, do a little plowing for the campaign movies or drive a spike or carry a hod. This is not to describe him as a worker. tt tt tt Now He Prefers Providence HE is nothing of the kind. Early in life he learned the sedentary ease of public office and like Mr. Harding, his model, there has veen very little time in a full career when he was not living at the taxpayers’ expense. He held office in Des Moines and went on to Oklahoma to hold office there. He then turned to southern California because a son of his was sick and needed the sun and became the perfect specimen of the psalm-singing, fcllow-w'or-shiping yea-brothering Los Angeles realtor. “I think,” Mr. Merriam said to your correspondent in ortfe of his bold political pronouncements, “that Franklin D. Roosevelt was sent by Providence to govern our country in this trying time.” By Providence, of course, Mr. Merriam means God. He did not offer any excuse, however, for attempting to obstruct God’s work in the last presidential election when he supported Herbert Hoover and prohibition. That is something which is between him and his conscience. At any rate, he had seen the error of his way and now was willing to let Mr. Roosevelt and the national government assume the task of fixing everything up dandy. Os course, he w'as willing to help, in his capacity of Governor of California, the efforts of God’s man to set things to rights. But, on the whole, it was a job for the national administration. It is too bad for California that the choice is down to Sinclair and Merriam, but it can’t be helped now'. It is an awful thing to have to vote for Merriam as the only means of standing off the Mahatma and his brainstorm trust composed of soap-boxers, incompetents and constitutional belly-achers who want to set the whole population to trading undershirts for parsley and old jokes for new laid eggs. But it seems to be the only w r ay to prevent the sudden overthrow of government in California. (Copyright, 1934. bv United Feature Syndicate. Inc.) .

Today's Science BY DAVID DIETZ

WORLD power today is mineral power. This is I the new factor in international affairs, injected into the w'orld picture by the growth of twentieth century science, chemistry and engineering. It took the first World war to bring the fact home to the nations of the world. Today it is the dominating thought in the minds of wise statesmen and diplomats. Mineral power, not man power, will decide the next war. ' The future of the world is bound up in mineral resources. The nation:, with the minerals rule the earth. These that have iron, coal, copper, nickel, potash, sulphur and oil, may face the future with confidence and assurance. Those that do not have them are doomed to second place in world affairs. * Who shall own and control the world's minersk is the big question before the world today. Thin, question is shaping world politics today. It will be the real basis of the next World war. When men fight, they will be fighting for minerals. Throughout meet of history, minerals played a relatively unimportant part in the affairs of the world. The caveman needed flint for his arrow heads and axes. But this was easy enough to find. With the dawn of history, weapons were made of copper and then iron. a a a BUT such small amounts of these metals as were required were easily obtained. As civilization progressed, the need for minerals became greater and greater, but it was not, until a hundred years ago, when the industrial revolution began in Great Britain, that the demand for minerals became pronounced. Since then it has grown at an ever-in-creasing speed. How the world picture has changed is pointed out dramatically by Professor C. K. Leith of the University of Wisconsin, chairman of ‘ the mineral inquiry,” organized by the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers to make factual studies of the world's mineral resources in their political and international relations. Professor Leith sets forth his views in "World Minerals and World Politics,” published by the McGraw-Hill Company. He tells us that more minerals have been mined and consumed since the beginning of the present century than in all preceding. history. More minerals have been mined and consumed in the United States in the last twenty years than in the nation's preceding history. Minerals now constitute about two-thirds of the railway tonnage In the United States and about a quarter of all ocean-borne traffic.

V

Westbrook Pegler