Indianapolis Times, Volume 46, Number 141, Indianapolis, Marion County, 23 October 1934 — Page 13

It Seems to Me HEWoI BROUN COME years ago the doctors of New York got together to exhibit their krt, and also the actors on occasion, have stepped out to prove that they could paint with oil as well as grease. But to the best of my knowledge, the present picture show of the guild at the Newhouse galleries marks the first confession of newspaper men that they too have leanings toward Leonardo. According to the familiar theory, the amateur artist generally tries to find his painting an escape from all things connected with the routine of his regular job. I do not know whether this always is so. I only can testify that the reporter who

chases stories all through the week seems to want to paint nudes on Sunday. I suppose you almost might say, “all the nudes that’s fit to paint.” Doctors, on the other hand, are more intent on landscapes and my memory of the actors exhibition is that a surprising number of canvases were devoted to still life studies of frozen mackerel and other dead fish. Possibly this represented nothing more than some nostalgic memory of the sort of audiences a comedian encounters on a Monday night.

Heywood Broun

The player painters took very little interest in the female form draped or undraped. After all, would you expect somebody from ‘ Life Begins at Forty” to rush out to his farm on a Sunday afternoon and say, “Now I am going to get away from it all by painting limbs!” a a a Harpo Lost Ground f I 'O be sure, no generalization is ever completely sound. Harpo Marx once took up paintmg in a serious way and got himself a smock, a studio and a model. She was a strong-minded young woman who insisted on coming down from the posing platform every few minutes to criticise the work. By the second day Harpo was posing and she was doing the picture. He caught laryngitis, as I remember, and abandoned art to return to musical comedy. But not all the exhibitors in the newspaper guild show are amateurs. There is a representation of the black and white men who do the strips and cartoons for their daily bread. And one or two of them have made timid proffer of their paintings. Draftsmen of divergent views are represented and in the opinion of this amateur judge the rule seems to be, the more radical the economics the better the paintmg or the drawing. The proletarian boys have a very considerable edge over their Republican and fusion rivals. I hate to drag my own woes into a column, but the show does mark a personal tragedy for me. The fact that I had no nudes to give for my orzanization does not worry me much. Years ago I accepted the fact that I can’t paint legs. They never come out the same length in my pictures. For a while I sought to compromise by doing nymphs at play behind a large stone wall. But I paint stone walls almost as badly as I paint legs and so I gave up the whole business and went back to tall buildings and ferryboats. b n n Wanted — Finesse, Precision 'T'HROUGH many channels I learned that my painting lacked finesse and precision. "But,” I said to myself, “this crudity means power and sweep and imagination. After all I don’t want to grow up to be just another Sargent or even a Whistler. My mother wouldn’t like it if I put her on a postage stamp.” And so I continued to do cockeyed skyscrapers which were calculated sedulously not to catch the eye or win the favor of Mr. Farley. When people looked at some recent masterpiece and asked, "Which is right side up?” I always pretended to think the question was amusing. Asa matter of fact it does serve as an additional explanation for my feeling that I do not want to put my mother on a postage stamp. But now my work, for the moment, hangs in a room with representations of miners struggling with militia men. Here with broad strokes somebody has done labor traveling above the Liliputians. And there I am represented with something labeled "Amusement Park on Palisades.” The man at the gallery said. "You didn’t give me any titles with your pictures. I had to make some up. I hope you don’t mind.” he picture really is "Fishing Village on the Northeast Coast of Haiti at Dawn.” That’s quite a sleeper jump to Palisade amusement park. It will suffice. But the unkindest cut of all was a compliment. The man said. "In here your stuff doesn’t look bad at all. It really is pretty.” Unfortunately he was right. I, who was a rebel and a nonconformist, in oils at any rate, am now undone by mv increasing technical perfection. I’ll die respectable and a Rembrandt. ts>unx Aq >S6I 'maiJAaoD)

Today's Science BY DAVID DIETZ ASTRONOMERS of the world have completed half of a star catalog which eventually will be the greatest guide of the heavens ever attempted and will cost $2,500,000. The catalog to date represents a half century of work by many of the world's most important observatories, When completed, it will consist of 150 volumes, each one the size of a volume of the Encyclopedia Britannica. A shelf 13 feet long will be needed to hold the entire set. according to Professor Samuel G. Barton of the University of Pennsylvania. The volumes will give the exact positions of all stars down to the eleventh magnitude. The brighest stars in the sky are called the first magnitude stars. An eleventh magnitude star is 100 times fainter than the faintest star which can be seen with the unaided eye. They will give the exact position and apparent brightness or magnitude of 4,500,000 stars. 000 THE number of stars visible in a telescope depends upon the size of the glass. The 100-inch reflector at Mt. Wilson, the largest now in existence, reveals a number to the eye estimated at 500.000.000. Long time exposures with photographic plates doubles this number. It has been estimated that the 200-inch telescope, when completed, will increase this number ten fold. By now the reader may begin to suspect that perhaps the stars are actually countless. But from various considerations the astronomer concludes that there are about 100.000,000.000 stars in our galaxy, a large but nevertheless finite, number. The present catalog, known officially by its French title of "Carte Du Ciel,” is called the Astrographic Catalog in English. In 1887 an international conference was called in Paris to discuss the possibility of making a photographic chan of the whole sky on a uniform scale. This conference led to the formation of the International Astronomical Union as well as launching the catalog. 000 AS a result of the conference, eighteen observatories in various parts of the world, agreed to undertake the task and the sky was divided into eighteen equal sections. France took four sections, Great Bntam three. Australia and Italy two each and Argentina, Brazil. Chile, Germany, Mexico, Russia and Spain one each. The United States, although represented at the Paris conference, did not undertake any of the work. Dr. Barton relates. It was thought, at the time, that the catalog could be finished in five or ten years. As Dr. Barton points out. that was a highly optimistic view of the situation. It was decided to use photographic plates 4% inches square and telescopes with thirteen-inch lenses and a focal length of ll 5 * feet, Dr. Barton says. Each photograph, therefore, represents an area of sky two degrees square, that is an area four times that occupied by the full moon. From this fact. It has been calculated that 10,313 plates are necessary to cover the entire sky. Due to the necessity of overlapping plates in order to match the plates together, it has been found necessary to use 11,027 plates. Next, astronomers mw the necessity of providing a check and so a duplicate set of plates was made centered on different stars. Asa consequence, 22,054 plates were used.

Full Leaned Wire SerrW of tho United Preys Association

WALL STREET and the DEPRESSION

Depression Was Due in 1927, but Expansion Schemes Delayed Crash

The financial ilia which beset Wall Street with appalling suddenness five years a*n today are diagnosed below by John T. Flynn. This is the second of six penetrating articles on "Wall Street and the Depression” which Flynn, the nation foremost writer on ectnomic topics, has prepared for The Indianapolis Times. 808 BY JOHN T. FLYNN iCopyright, 1934, NEA Service. Inc.) NEW YORK. Oct. 23.—When early in 1930 the notion got about that we were definitely moving into a depression, a wave of furious indignation beat upon the stock exchange. Americans must have a devil and here was an obvious and gaudy devil ready at hand to blame our troubles on. Os course there were plenty of expebt explanations of the depression in those days. One great banker said it was because of the income tax on stock market profits. Still another declared irrascibly that the market had crashed because the senate persisted in

debating the tariff. He thought our lawmakers should stop talking about the public business because it made the Wall Street gamblers nervous. Others blamed It on the loss of foreign trade. Still others said it was one of the aftermaths of the war. But the popular scapegoat was the stock exchange. Senator Glass introduced a bill to curb speculation by heavily taxing certain stock transfers. Others asserted it was the result of a big bear-raiding conspiracy. This theory was to gain in popularity and was destined to produce far-reaching results. On two points we can be well assured. First, the stock market cracked for one reason only—because prices went too high. The law of gravity brought them down. Second, it was not the stock market crash which produced the depression. Furthermore, the depression did not begin on Oct. 23, 1929, when the market collapsed. What is a depression? A man out of work is a depression. A factory closed down is a depression. An industry working at a loss and without business is a still bigger depression. All through 1923 to 1929 there were plenty of such depressions. Always our economic life is blade

Flynn

up of a number of individual prosperities and a number of individual depressions. It is when the individual depressions get too numerous, when they merge into one huge depressive mass of unemployment and loss and dominate our whole business structure that we are in what we understand by a national depression.

BBS ALL through the boom years there were plenty of depressions—focal points of infection. The wheat farmers were in a depression. So were the cotton growers. The textile industry bordered on collapse. The copper industry was in a bad way. So was the coal industry. So were the retail grocers who were failing at the rate of 33 per cent a year. It is incredible how many there were when we supposed the nation prosperous. We refused to notice this. The simple truth is that the collapse should have come in 1927. Why didn’t it come in 1927? Well, first, we have to ask why were we prosperous at all? The answer is that our prosperity was the fruit of the capital goods industries. Every time we make a pair of shoes to sell for $5 we must make somewhere $5 of purchasing power to buy them. We know how shoes are made. But how do we make purchasing power? We make purchasing power while we are making shoes. Your money income comes from

She

DAILY WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND

By Drew Pearson and Robert S. Allen

WASHINGTON, Oct. 23—The famous Blue Eagle which a little more than a year ago swooped down upon the nation with all the ballyhoo of wartime frenzy now may go the way of its creator . . . The question of its future fate is now before inner administration councils. Some favor complete abandonment, some favor restriction to coded industries. Probably a decision will not come until the permanent plan of the NRA is agreed upon. M. L. Wilson, assistant secretary of agriculture, is displaying with much gusto a prized memento of his farm beet inspection trip. It consists of a rubber $5 bill. Wilson says he is going to present it to Secretary Morgenthau ... Big Jim Farley is one of the most approachable men in Washington, but there is ——

one class ot visitors ne fiees. He has a standing order with his doorman not to admit philatelists. Reason is the stamp-collectors are having a big row among themselves over the first day distribution of new stamps, and Jim does not want to become embroiled in the wrangle. 0 0 0 TLLINOIS’ bewhiskered Senator J. (Ham) Lewis is chairman of the Democratic senatorial campaign committee, but apparently not in the confidence of the administration’s inner political councils . . . The other day Lewis predicted the defeat of Wisconsin’s young, independent Senator Bob La Follette. It so happens that Bob's Democratic opponent, a Tory anti-new dealer, is getting no help from either Farley or the President. Privately they are believed to be sympathetic to Young Bob . . . Real credit for the President's order slashing work hours in the cotton garment industry by 10 per cent without a decrease in wages belongs to canny Sidney Hillman, member of the new NRA board, and president of the amalgamated Garment Workers. It was Hillman, who, in August, persuaded Johnson to recommend such a step to the President, and then supplied the data to back it up when the employers threatened refusal ... A number of government executives have secretaries who can reproduce their bosses’ signatures so that few can tell the difference. Senator Bill Borah s witty secretary, Miss Cora Rubin, is adept at this. But Roosevelt personally signs all letters bearing his signature. 000 POLITICS has been creeping into the National Aeronautical Association. Its recent president, ex-Senator Hiram Bingham of Connecticut, was accused of swinging the association toward the Republicans. He was a staunch supporter of the airmail companies which drew luscious contracts from Postmaster-Gen-eral Walter Brown. Now he is replaced by Senator William Gibbs McAdoo, staunch Democrat. Although not generally known, McAdoo was head of an aviation line which tried to get contracts f:om Walter Brown, but was frozen out in the now famous "spoils conference.” Both McAdoo and Bingham are personally aviation enthusiasts, the California senator making trips home in his private plane ... Isabella Greenway of Arizona gets

The Indianapolis Times

your work or investments used in producing goods. The trouble is that we do not make enough purchasing power to buy the goods that we produce. If something else did not intervene we would be in perpetual depression. What is it that come# to our rescue? It is credit. B B B WE didn’t make enough purchasing power in 1925 to pay for what we manufactured that year. But we could buy a lot of things in 1925 and promise to pay for them in 1926 or 1927 or 1937 of 1997. We borrow from the future to buy in the present. We keep borrowing each year until finally we have piled up such a mass of debt that we can borrow no more. If I earn $2,000 a year and can borrow another $2,000,1 can spend $4,000. I can spend $4,000 each year as long as I can borrow. But the day comes when my creditor won’t lend me any more. Then I can not spend $4,000. I can not even spend $2,000. For now I have to pay interest on all I borrowed and must pay

more kick out of being a representative than almost any one in congress. "People call me up,” she says, “either because they think I know a lot or because they think I don’t know any better than to talk.” . . . Another new congresswoman may be Gertrude Ely, Democratic New Deal candidate against James Boyd, G. O. P. incumbent in Philadelphia’s wealthy "Maine Line” section. Graduate of Bryn Mawr, Miss Ely was twice decorated with the Croix de Guerre. (Copyright. 1934. by United Feature Syndicate. Inc.) ALL DIONNES NOWARE OVER 7-POUND MARK Yvonne Tops 10 Pounds, Dr. A. R. Dafoe Announces. By United Pregs CALLANDER, Ontario, Oct. 23. Dr. A. R. Dafoe announced weights of the Dionne babies today as: Yvonne, ten pounds two ounces. Annette, nine pounds twelve and one-fourth ounces. Cecile, 9 pounds 2 and threefourths ounces. Emilie, seven pounds ten and onehalf ounces. Marie, seven pounds five ounces. MATTRESSES MADE BY RELIEF WORKERS READY Distribution Is Started in Eleven Counties in Indiana. The distribution of mattresses manufactured by relief worker-op-erated factories under the direction of the Governor's unemployment relief commission has started in eleven Indiana counties, it was an 2 nounced today. The mattresses will be given to families on relief. Factories are operating in Indainapolis, Ft. Wayne, New Albany, Kokomo, Gary, Muncie, Bloomington, South Bend, Lafayette, Terre Haute and Richmond. Factories at Vincennes and Evansville will have mattresses ready for distribution within a short time. Former Sheriff Corrects Story Fremont Weddle, Nashville, has asked The Times to state that he was not the sheriff from whom a prisoner escapecf while being allowed to walk for exercise in front of the Brown county jail last Friday, Mr. Weddle resigned as Brown county sheriff June 4.

INDIANAPOLIS, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 23, 1934

i Ili n| 111 W | 111 ii|

Popular opinion blamed bear raids on Wall Street for the great disaster of that October day five years ago. But the causes were far more deep-seated than that.

back some of the principal. And hence the people to whom I paid that $4,000 each year no longer get it, and no longer can employ people to make goods for me. Now if there are enough people like me you can see easily enough that the effect, when the borrowing ceases, will be very serious. BUB THE next point to remember is that the borrowing that does the trick for us and produces prosperity is long-term borrowing. Short-term borrowing to be repaid in a few months is practically the same as cash. It is long-term borrowing which we do not have to repay for several years which counts. Lots of our railroads and corporations borrowed money which is not to be repaid until A. D. 2037. This kind of borrowing is almost always done for the purchase of capital goods—investment goods—durable things like houses, buildings, locomotives, heavy machinery. Cities, states, counties, railroads

PRESBYTERIAN HEAD WILL SPEAKJN CITY William Chalmers Covert to Talk on Thursday. The Rev. William Chalmers Covert, head of the Presbyterian church in the United States, wall speak at a meeting open to the public in the auditorium of the Meridian Heights Presbyterian church at 8 p. m. Thursday. Mr. Covert is a native of Indiana, having been reared on a rural farm and having taken his early training in the old Hopewell academy. He was general secretary of the Presbyterian board of Christian education for ten years, having retired from that post Oct. 4 this year to take over his new office of moderator of the Presbyterian general assembly. Previous to the night meeting, Mr. Covert will be entertairied at a banquet in his honor to be held at the church at 6:30. In the desert country, many animals never drink water. Their need for moisture is supplied by chemical action in their digestive tracts, which turns some of their starchy foods into water.

SIDE GLANCES

tie* srawc* nc ae+uSmior*. '

“Oil, jtjrjujuicbJiu. Every bgcly j^Lkte&LaLs*”

borrow huge sums for this purpose. In ten years preceding the break, Baltimore, for instance, borrowed $100,000,000 which she promised to pay back in the future. Meantime it was all spent putting men to work to make streets, put up buildings, schools, etc. But the time came when these cities, these states, these railroads, these building corporations could borrow no more. Their credit was exhausted or they had built more than they could sell. They stopped. And when the capital goods industries stop the depression is here. B B B THIS sort of thing was at its normal end in 1927. The slump should have come then. Here is where Wall Street comes back into the picture. The boom did not end because Wall Street had invented new and weird devices for getting easy credit so that it was possible to go on raising money for expansion long after

THE NATIONAL ROUNDUP BBS O B B By Ruth Finney

WASHINGTON, Oct. 23—What promises to be the most important convention the American Bankers’ Association ever has held opened here today on the fifth anniversary of the stock market crash.

A record number of delegates are attending. Morgan partners and other titans of the financial world will be present for the first time. Government officials will make the most of the important addresses and their words are waited with unprecedented anxiety. These circumstances bring into relief the changes that have taken place in five years in relationships between finance and government. Three of the questions troubling the bankers have been answered by the administration in the last ten days. Answers to three more still are being awaited. The treasury will keep on buying silver. The budget will remain unbalanced for another year at least. And when the treasury announced a call for redemption of $1,900,000,000 Liberty bonds with bonds of lesser interest rate April 15, the financial world understood that no further devaluation of the dollar is in immediate prospect and that orthodox financing methods will

By George Clark

the need for expansion was exhausted. For instance, the real estate bond was brought to almost devilish perfection. Billions were collected from teachers, clerks, workmen. estates for real estate companies to put up movie theaters, apartment hotels, skyscrapers for which there was no more need. The investment trust brought in more millions from small savers and made a market for shares long after the market was ready for collapse. Corporation lawyers invented new schemes for effecting mergers, holding companies which drew in more millions. Insull was busy gathering in millions even after the collapse. Building was overdone. Plant expansion was overdone. The need for these things and the credit of the groups which do these things was exhausted finally despite all the new financial inventions. In doing'all this, bank credit had become pyramided out of all reason. Remember there was only about four billion of real money in the country. This had been loaned and loaned and loaned through the medium of the banks until the actual amount of deposits created by these loans was fiftyfive billion dollars. When the bubble burst and loans were called these deposits began to evaporate. Banks found themselves unable to turn their frozen loans into funds to meet depositors. The bank system began to totter. B B B OF course, other agencies added to our troubles—declining foreign trade, industries failing through natural causes, like the textile industry, the railroads. But the fundamental cause of the prosperity was the rise of the capital goods industries and the fundamental cause of the depression was their decline and failure. Hoover had some inkling of this. One month after the crash he appealed to Governors to join with federal government and private industry to push prudent construction programs. He urged the railroad presidents not to abandon their plans of repair and building. But strangely he did almost nothing to speed up federal construction. In the first six months of the depression he made no increase in federal construction awards. The story of the depression can be seen in the line representing building. It has continued down mercilessly right up to the minute. Were it not for some government projects now there would be almost no building industry. And the government projects are so small as to be almost negligible. TOMORROW—Hoover’s Great Bear Trap.

be used for six months more at least. But the bankers still want to know whether the government favors creation of a central bank or nationalization of all banks; how much spending is contemplated for this winter; and what the administration will do about demands for radical legislation almost certain to be made in the next congress. 0 0 0 PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT, RFC Chairman Jesse Jones, Leo T. Crowley, chairman of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and officials of the housing administration will speak to the bankers. Until the President has spoken tomorrow night, no policies will be formulated and no resolutions will be adopted. The President has indicated he may confine his remarks to a few words of greeting or to broad generalities, but the interest in his talk has not abated. It seems probable, however, that the most important enunciations of administration policy will take place in the privacy of the White House. The President has been receiving industrial leaders for quiet, confidential conversations and he may do the same thing with the barkers during the week they are all gathered here. There is every indication that the administration wants to reassure financial leaders and secure their good will and co-opera-tion in its efforts to stimulate industry. It apparently will try to discount in advance rumors of changes in monetary policy that will become more and more frequent as the winter session of congress approaches. 000 THE committee for the nation is continuing to advocate reduction of the gold value of the dollar. The newly-organized sound money league favors a central bank “to prevent both inflation and deflation and to provide the American people at all times with an adequate supply of credit and currency of equitable buying and debt-paying power.” The economists’ national committee on monetary policy is campaigning against “dangerous inflation and further mutilation of our currency system.” The federal advisory council to the federal reserve warned, in a recent statement, that “further monetary experimentation holds out no promise of success, and the repetition of expedients which have failed repeatedly in this and other countries can lead only to disaster.” Rumors and counter-rumors that arise from these attempts to influence policy have been put to good use by the administration in some cases and have proved annoying in others

Second Section

Entered ss Second-Ulus* Mattpr at PostolTice, IncUanapolls. Ind.

Fair Enough WESTBROOK PEGLER MAYBE this country is a little too hard on the Mack Sennett type of statesman who achieves distinction by low-comedy methods and. departing, leaves behind him no substantial public benefits but, anyway, the echoes of many laughs. We put up no statues to the Big Bill Thompsons and John F. Hylans and, as soon as they have been voted out of office, are prompt to paint or chisel out their names from bridges leading nowhere with which they modestly undertook t-o honor themselves when they

were in. It seems a petty way of doing. As mayor of Chicago, Mr. Thompson was one of the most amusing men of his time. Though he squandered public money that certainly was not an original idea with him nor the special trait of the clowning type of public official. Chicago's money had been squandered by experts long before Thompson's time and will be squandered again if Chicago ever gets any more money. Mr. Thompson made his fame by threatening to punch King George on the nose. He was the

repeated choice of the citizens who must have thought his rowdy burlesque on public administration well worth the high price which it cast them. He was at-*his best when he was needling the highminded crowd, including the newspapers which fought him with a frantic hatred. He understood the psychology of the snowball and the plug hat and he made one successful campaign on no more solid public issue than a charge that his opponent habitually spilled egg on his vest. He reiterated this until he had the right-minded crowd crazy. n n a Even Bill Yelled 'Foul' THE only time he was unable to handje himself in a fight was when a rough-and-tumble campaigner from the opposition threw off dignity, forgot the serious issues and rolled with him in his own battle-ground, the gutter. Mr. Thompson’s opponent went around town shouting that Big Bill had the hide of a rhinccerous and the brain of a baboon. Then for once he emitted a yelp of "foul,” complaining that his rival was indulging in personalities. He ran a wild, wide-open town but, today, though he has been out and gone for some years, Chicago is as vicious as Havana ever was. Twenty years from now there will be reminiscent stories in the papers about the picturesque vice which thrived in Chicago during the world fair of 1933 and ’34. Mr. Hylan was one of those angry men. He was people’s defender against the interests and the corporate press. He hated reporters because they used to quote him literally and describe his official antics with solemn fidelity which is the most poisonous kind of propaganda to a public man of his type. The journalists were always ribbing Mr. Hylan and, having no sense of humor, he ribbed easily. It was fun to poke him up and make him wild. Mr. Hylan was funny in the dead-pan manner and the citizens so loved their fun that they ran him out only to substitute a funnier comedian with a more obvious style, Mr. Walker. He cost them more but he gave a better show and that was what they wanted. Ban Some Other Rare Numbers 'T'EXAS and Oklahoma have sent some rare museum specimens to the house of representatives and Minnesota recently contributed a statesman whose notion of fun was to bunt other automobiles in the stern with his own car in traffic and then get out and fight. There was a congressman w’ho put his ex-wife on the pay roll as his secretary for S2OO a month, thus permitting the taxpayers to attend to his alimony and Senator Huey Long will live long in the memory of the capital for some personal eccentricities which are not permissible material now but w r hich, in time will round him out as a legendary figure of a crazy era. Like Mr. Thompson, Senator Long goes in for robust humor at the expense of the serious element of the citizenship. The right-minded crowd constantly is kicking them in the pants to the noisy amusement of the voting majority. There are memorials to Warren Harding and even to Rutherford B. Hayes. A compasite tribute to all the funny statesmen would lighten the grewsome dignity of statuary hall and acknowledge the public service of the great body of clowns who w r ere put in office by a people who knew what they wanted. (Copyright. 1934, by United Feature Syndicate. Inc.)

Your Health

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN

■pOCKET your pride, if you are troubled with corns, A and get shoes that will fit and that will enable you to walk properly. One of the most common views regarding the causes for these local thickenings of the horny layers of the skin is that they are usually the result of pressure and friction of ill-fitting shoes. Os course, there is also the possibility that weaknesses in various parts of the foot and overaction of certain muscles may force certain parts of the foot into contact with the shoe. In fact, the position of the corn on the foot indicates to medical investigators difficulties that may be present in acton of the muscles. There are other troubles besides corns. There may be callouses or callosities which represent a uniform thickening of the skin occurring particularly or the ball of the foot, and then there are warts which occur on the soles of the feet and usually result from an infection. 000 GENERALLY, however, corns are the things that trouble persons most, and these can be corrected by getting shoes that fit and permit you to walk properly. The chief trouble with shoes in relationship to the appearance of corns is not that they fit badly, but that they cause you to walk badly. This occurs more commonly among women than among men, because women are much more likely to choose their shoes for style rather than for reasons associated with health of the feet. If the heels of the shoes are too high and if the supporting surface abo*> the heel is throwm too far forward, the foot is jammed into the toe cap. This cramps the action of the toes and causes corns between the toes. 000 IF the shoes or stockings happen to be too short, the toes are curled up with the nails resting on the sole of the shoe. This will also result in the appearance of corns on the pads near the nails. If the sole of the shoe is too narrow, the ends of the small bones In the toes will be forced downward and calluses will be found in the foot. The best evidence of this is the fact that the sole of the shoe is pressed down in the middle and shows little sign of wear at the edges. If there is a callus at the back of the heel, without signs of wear on the lining of the shoe on either side, the heel of the shoe is probably too wide.

Questions and Answers

Q —Do hens ever lay more than one egg a day? A—lt is not natural or usual for hens tc lay more than one egg a day; but occasionally they do. Q—ls distilled water a conductor of electricity? A—lt is a comparatively poor conductor. Q—What day In 1893 on our calendar corresponded with the beginning of the third week of the month of Tammuz, of the Jewish calendar? A—Friday, June 30.

Jr 4

Westbrook Pegler