Indianapolis Times, Volume 46, Number 130, Indianapolis, Marion County, 10 October 1934 — Page 3

OCT. 10,1934

WAR FEARS ARE MINIMIZED BY STATE EXPERTS Assassination of Yugoslav King Laid to Internal Unrest. Early fears that the assassination yesterday of King Alexander I of Yugoslavia as he stepped ashore at Marseille might cause another Europeon war had died today as persons here familiar with the European scene commented on the slaying and Its possible results. Experts on European affairs at Purdue and Indiana universities Joined in the view that the assassination probably could be laid entirely to political unrest within the borders of Yugoslavia. At the same time, they pointed out that the murdered king's family had come to the throne through the assassination of representatives of the dynasty which preceded him. Among those who scoffed at the thought of war was Dr. Vincent A. La Penta, consul here for Italy, *hich has had strained relations with Yugoslavia almost continuously since the war. Dr. LaPenta said: ‘There is nothing at all to be feared as far as Mussolini is concerned. The three great European powers—France, England and Italy —are absolutely agreed that the status quo must not be disturbed and that peace must be preserved.” I Miss Cynthia Pearl Mauss, 5451 University avenue. World TravelStudy Clubs Inc., secretary, leaned more to a theory of war because, she said, she had seen much war spirit in traveling through Europe in recent months. She said, however, that the assassination might well have been the work of a Yugoslavian faction opposed to King Alexanders foreign policies. •Perennial Explosion’ 7 t S f>> t int LAFAYETTE. Ind . Oct. 10—The assassination of King Alexander I of Yugoslavia was described as one of the ‘ perennial explosions” of Serbian history and as an event which may place a strain on the friendship between France and Yugoslavia by Professor V. L. Albjerg of the Purdue university history department. Professor Albjerg made the following statement regarding the assassination: ‘ The assassination of King Alexander is, perhaps, only one of perennial explosions in the dynastic feud which has furnished the main theme of Serbian history since 1817. In that year, Milosch Obrenovich assassinated Karageorgevich, occupant of the Serbian throne, and at intervals the two royal families have exchanged compliments in blood. If the present assassination is merely a projection of that vengeful struggle, civil war may break out between the followers of the two families, or the authorities may be able to maintain order. "If the assassination is not a phase of the dynastic feud, it may be an endeavor on the part of a Yugoslav party to change its country’s foreign policy. Under the directions of French blessings and munitions, the ‘Little Entente.” of which Yugoslavia is a member, was formed in 1920-21. By its formation, France erected a ring of countries around Germany hostile to Berlin. "Since that time France, with few exceptions, has dominated Balkan foreign policy. Some of the Yugoslav citizens may be wearying of the French influence. The assassination of the Yugoslav king and the French Foreign Minister Barthou in Marseille will place a strain on the friendship between France and Yugoslavia.'’ Unrest Is Predicted R'l Times Syevinl BLOOMINGTON. Ind.. Oct 10 The domestic situation in Yugoslavia. rather than international hatreds, was blamed for the assassination yesterday of King Alexander I of Yugoslavia in a statement here today by Dr. F. Lee Bennis, Indiana university history professor, who predicted a period of unrest for Alexander's nation. The statement of Dr. Bennis. author of several histories and expert on the current European situation. follows: "From the facts now known, it seems rather doubtful that the assassination of King Alexander of Yugoslavia arose out of the international situation. If. as is reported. the assassin was a Yugoslav, the motives for the assassination are probably to be found in the Yugoslav domestic situation. There are plenty of factors in that situation which might lead a disgruntled fugosiav to assassinate the king. "In the first place. Alexander’s government has followed, since the war. a policy of rigorous centralization. Because of the king’s refusal to permit the federalization of the country so much desired by the Croatians and some other elements, the assassin may have been a Croatian Yugoslav who hoped thus to improve the lot of his kinsmen. "Alexander's government also has pursued a ruthless policy of Serbization among the Macedonians of the count ry. Macedonians have complained repeatedly of the highhanded measures used against them, and the assassin may have been a Macedonian Yugoslav, smarting under the injustices inflicted upon his fellows. "In the third place. Alexander ruled for a time after 1929 as a dictator, and even now his government is far from being truly representative and democratic. The assassin may have been one of that group in Yugoslavia which has been lamenting the loss of popular government. "Finally, it must be remembered that the Karageorge dynasty, of which King Alexander was a member. came to the throne as the result of the assassination of the Obrenovich ruler of Serbia in 1903. At that time the king, queen, and all the ministers of state were killed off at one blow. It is just possible that someone connected with or sympathetic with the older dynasty may have killed the Yugoslav king. At any rate, it seems fairly certain that Yugoslavia is to experience a period of renewed unrest and instability. floath Rend Girl. 3. Killed SOUTH BEND, Ind.. Oct. 10. Nancy Ann Enfield. 3. daughter of Mr. and Mrs. William Enfield, was killed late yesterday when she ran into the path of an automobile.

MARSEILLE ASSASSINATIONS SHOCK WORLD, THROW EUROPE INTO TERROR

The mortal wounding of King Alexander I of Yugoslavia and Foreign Minister Louis Barthou of France is graphically shown in this conception by Paul Kroesen, staff artist of NEA Service and The Times, of the bloody tragedy in Marseille, France, which threatens the peace of Europe. Without warning, the killer, Petrus Kalemen, Croatian business man, sworn to avenge wrongs he believed had been inflicted on his compatriots by the monarch, plunged through police lines and started firing, just after the king had been welcomed to France and started his journey away from the Marseille docks. The king, struck by four bullets, rose from his automobile seat, then fell back. Barthou, vainly trying to shield his royal companion, also was wounded fatally by the bullets which the killer continued madly firing. A cavalryman, thundering in, swung his saber, felling Kalemen, who went down, to be trampled to death a moment later by the frenzied crov/d.

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Crown Prince Peter, healthy, outdoor-loving lad of 11, shown here in three poses, will be the next king of Yugoslavia, succeeding his assassinated father, King Alexander I. Left, Peter is shown in the uniform of the Sokol, gymnastic organization of which he is the head. Center he is seen as he arrived in London recently on his way to school at Eton. With him is his cousin, Prince Alexander, wearing cap. Right is another recent picture of Peter, taking in London sights.

Grief-Stricken Queen Is Serene; Masks Emotions Marie Spends Half-Hour Alone With Bullet-Riddled Body of King After Hurried Train Trip. BY MARY KNIGHT. United Tres* Staff Correspondent (Copyright, 1934. bv United Press) MARSEILLE. Oct. 10.—Queen Marie of Yugoslavia, serene and almost as if she were in a trance, walked alone today into the rose salon of the prefecture and spent half an hour beside the bullet riddled body of her husband. King Alexander. She emerged, with her emotions still masked, and gave quiet directions for the preparation of her husband’s body for its dispatch to Belgrade.

Tonight, with President Albert Lebrun, she will go by special tram to Paris, to meet in the morning King Peter 11, her 11-vear-old son. whase inheritance as the new king involves the danger of shots and bombs that have killed three of his last eight predecessors. There was heroism in her bearing as the queen stepped from the royal car of her train and forced a smile as government officials welcomed and condoled her. Throughout the following hours she was under great strain but stoically kept her compasure. Her face was marked with sorrow She had not slept as her train sped across France during the night. But she was able to hide her emotions as she walked through a big crowd of townspeople, the men with bared heads, the women bowed, to a motor car. She asked that the admirals uniform in which her husband died be changed for his old, stained gray field marshal's uniform which he wore in the World war and which was his favorite.’ Mme. Edouard Herriot. wife of the minister without portfolio, was with her ladies in waiting to attend her Mme. Herriot accompanied her to the rose salon, waited outside while the queen was with the king's body and rejoined her as she emerged. Queen Marie came by train. Otherwise she would have been beside

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the king and might have died with him. At 4:16 p. m. yesterday, when King Alexander was shot, Queen Marie was speeding across Europe in the famous Orient express, suffering from toothache. Word was flashed to the authorities at Besancon. Prefect Peretti Della Rocca boarded the train and told the queen first that her husband was wounded, then he was dead. The queen collapsed as her ladies in waiting drew the curtains of the coach. She cried inconsolably. But today she had entirely regained her queenly bearing. The queen had sent a telegram to Marseille asking that no one touch the king’s body until she arrived. Sleepless, the queen continued to Marseille. She dressed in black and. completely a royal figure, took her part in the funeral preparations. She took her last look at her husband's body in company with President Albert Lebrun. Together they went into the rose salon of the prefecture and stood side by side at the catafalque for five minutes. Then they stood by the bier of Louis Barthou. who died with Alexander, and went out.

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THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

CROATIAN HEAD DENIES PARTY AIDED MURDER Exiled Leader Not Astonished by Assassination. By United Press GENEVA. Oct. 10.—Jouray Krynevitch, exiled secretary-general of the Croatian Peasants’ party, denied to the United Press today that Croats were in any way connected with King Alexander's death. “It is difficult to believe the assassin was a Croat,” Krynevitch said. “We never employed such methods. We always fought legally. However, though we disapprove Os such methods, we are not astonished that the

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king found such a terrible death because his regime employed exactly such tactics.” CAROL CANCELS TRIP Rumanian King Shocked by Slaying of Brother-in-Law. By United Press BUCHAREST, Oct. 10.—King Carol, brother-in-law of slain King Alexander of Yugoslavia, today cancelled* plans for a state visit to Paris and prepared to leave Siniai immediately for the capital. The king was reported to have broken down and wept on hearing of Alexander's death.

KING ALEXANDER MEETS FATE OF SERB NAMESAKE Last of Obrenovitch Dynasty and His Queen Slain 31 Years Ago, By United Press BELGRADE. Yugoslavia, Oct. 10. —King Alexander of Yugoslavia was the second Serbian monarch of that name to die by the hands of assassins. Thirty-one years ago King Alexander, last of the Obrenovitch dynasty, and his queen. Draga, were assassinated in the palace at Belgrade. The premier and the minister of war, brothers of the queen, shared the same fate. Unlike the king slain in Marseille yesterday, Alexander Obrenovitch was unpopular with his people, and his death was greeted with relief. The first Alexander succeeded to the regency of Serbia upon the death of his father. Milan. In 1900, the youthful monarch incurred the displeasure of his subjects and ministers by marrying Draga, who had been his mistress. The Karageorgeovitch dynasty, of which the late Yugoslavian king was a member, denied complicity in the 1903 assassinations, believed to have been perpetrated by the “black hand” gang. FRANCEMOURNS BARTHOUDEATH Rapprochement With Italy Will Be Retarded, Is Belief. By United Press PARIS. Oct. 10.—France, shocked by the assassinations at Marseille, was particularly grieved today over the death of Foreign Minister Louis Barthou because it was believed the rapprochement between France and Italy, which he sought to promote, would be much retarded. Political experts regarded Alexander’s killing as due to “iron fisted” methods of his government. Observers were gloomy over the future of Yugoslavia, due to internal racial strife. It was predicted that Croatia, which always smarted under Serbian rule, would avail itself of the disappearance of the only man holding the country together to establish autonomy if not independence. MEMORIAL RITES FOR KING PLANNED HERE Yugoslavian Society to Hold Services. Memorial services for King Alexander I of Yugoslavia, assassinated yesterday in Marseille, will be held in the near future at either the Yugoslav home, 3626 West Sixteenth street, or the Rumanian Christian Orthodox church, 623 West Market street. This was decided last night at a meeting of the Yugoslavian National Home Society, 43 South West street, at which grief over the king’s death was expressed by leaders of the Yugoslavian colony' here. Members of the society sent the following wire to the Yugoslav legation. Washington: “Deeply shocked by sad news of tragic death of our beloved king Express our sympathy to royal family and the Yugoslav government.” Officers of the society said the wire represented the feelings of more than 1,500 persons of Yugoslavian birth or extraction in Indianapolis, most of whom, they said, lived on the west side.

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WIDOW MOURNS KING

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Shot down by an assassin just after he had been welcomed to Marseille, France. King Alexander I of Yugoslavia, above, died a few minutes later. He had ruled since 1921 and had led his nation in three wars. Five attempts at assassination had preceded the successful attack. Widowed by an assassin’s bullet, Queen Marie of Yugoslavia is shown here in regal robes. In 1922, a year after he ascended the throne, she married King Alexander I, slain by an assassin in Marseille, France. The Yugoslavian queen is a daughter of Queen Marie of Rumania.

KING PREDICTED HIS MURDER ON TRIP TO FRANCE, FRIEND SAYS

By United Press LONDON, Oct. 10.—King Alexander started his state visit to France fearing assassination, a close friend revealed today to the Daily Herald. It was for this reason the king persuaded Queen Marie to take a different route and join him at Dijon, the friend said. Prior to the journey, at Sofia, the king told Prince Paul, his uncle: “Sooner or later they will get me. You, Paul, must take charge of the country. Do your best.” The newspaper also revealed that Alexander told intimate friends that at Milan, Italy, was a training school for assassins whose object was to kill him. BULGAR PACT SUFFERS King Chief Advocate of Rapprochement, Istanbul Recalls. By United Press ISTANBUL, Turkey, Oct. 10 —The death of King Alexander, chief promoter of Bulgarian-Yugoslav rapprochement, may hamper the move- ; ment for understanding between the i two nations, diplomats said today.

MIXED PEOPLES OF YUGOSLAVIA FACECIVIL WAR King’s Death May Destroy Polyglot Nation. Is View of Simms. BY WILLIAM PHILir SIMMS Scripps-Howard Foreicn Editor WASHINGTON, Oct. 10.—The pistol shots at Marseille may set off an explosion within Yugoslavia which will destroy the nation. Now that the strong hand of Dic-tator-King Alexander has been removed bv assassin's bullets, powerful centrifugal forces within his newly-formed nation may tear it literally to pieces. Yuogslavia is not a nation of one people, but of many. These hate each other in many cases as much as they hate any foreign foe. There are Serbs. Croats, Slovenes, Dalmatians. Bosnians. Herzegovinians, Montenegrins. Macedonians and Mohammedans, and some of these—like the Serbs and the Croats—are forever at each other's throats. History will probably record that ! the peace of Paris, not King Alexander. was to blame for what happened at Marseille. The young Serb monarch was never king of Serbia but of "the kingdom of the Serbs, the Croats and the Slovenes.” And it was his efforts to weld them into one people under one flag that led to his tragic end. Racial Pride Endures The peoples of the Balkans are historically the subjects of various principalities. At times they have been under the Turks, the AustroHungarians or other overlords. But always they have been proud of their own culture. Their racial pride was never broken, whatever stronger powers chanced to conquer their territory. Proud as Lucifer, these people are something like the mountaineers of Kentucky, ready to fight at the drop of a hat for personal, family, tribal |or national honor. Only the Croats, for example, refuse to regard the new country of Yugoslavia and its Serbian king as their nation and king. They want their independence. It was this situation that King Alexander found himself up against almost from the moment he inherited his father’s crown. Played With Peasant Boys Contrary to a widespread impression. the young ruler was one of the mast advanced thinkers in the Balkans. Asa lad he had played I with the peasant boys of Montene- | gro where he was born. He was the great grandson of a peasant, the famous "Black George,” who won his title to glory by licking the Turks. “Black George” could neither read I nor write. And his grandson. Prince Peter, the Serb, was very poor. King Alexander’s boyhood, therefore, was not spent as crown princes’ boyhoods usually are, amid luxuries, but in the simplest of surroundings. It is true that he spent some of his years before his majority as a page in the court of the czar at St. Petersburg (now Leningrad). But it is also true that he first studied at. i Geneva, where his exiled father took him when Serbia grew too hot. And during the war he was in France, la Corfu and among the allies at Salonika Fond of Quoting Lincoln Opinions differ widely with regard to King Alexander’s rule. His enemies charge he was a tyrant, overbearing and even, unscrupulous. Others who knew him for years and well regarded him as a real statesman with the interest of his high- | spirited but-hard-to-manage people | at heart. King Alexander himself was the authority for the statement that it was upon the advice of the dying Croat leader, Stephan Raditch—shot down by a Serb—that he dissolved parliament and made himself dictator. The king was found of quoting Abraham Lincoln as saying a house [ divided against itself can not stand.

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