Indianapolis Times, Volume 46, Number 129, Indianapolis, Marion County, 9 October 1934 — Page 9

It Seems to Me MOD BROUN VIfILLIAM ALLEN WHITE of Emporia, Kan , is ” * hailed quite often as America's leading expert °n the problem of small towns and what ought to be done about them. In the current issue of Editor and Publisher, Mr. White replies to a query as to what has done for the Emporia Gazette and other papers of the same general classification. Although Mr. White is thinking specifically of the newspaper business, his philosophy covers a rather wide range. One gathers that the sage of Emporia is not for the Blue Eagle. At least he says, "The small town owned newspaper has no more use for the NRA and stands m no more need of its regulatory powers than a hound dog needs a fiea circus. We breed our own fleas. We are inexorably doomed to economic de-

environment.” Mr. 'White undertakes to argue that community sentiment is a stem policeman in regard to small town papers. ‘ Community response to our greed is almost automatic,” he says. "It is fairer than the NRA, just as courageous and dependable for results in the long run and.much more intelligent.” But if the small tow n can police its papers in this way it ought to tie able to do as much for the factory and the mill and the tenant farmer. I doubt whether Mr. White would care to argue that the mere

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Heywnod Broun

smallness of the industrial unit involved has always been a sufficient check upon the greed of all manufacturers. Kansas for so lonß a time has been evangelized and educated by Bill White that it may have attained a greater moral rectitude than other states, but surely in other parts of America there are little towns which know' not White and are not in any sense automatic objectors to that greed which may flourish within their borders. If it is true that the villages and the hamlets can be trusted to effect necessary reforms on their ow r n hook why is it that child labor has lingered with us? To be sure, Mr. White merely says that this community feeling is dependable "in the long run.’’ He hardly can deny that NRA at the very least speeded up this process of liberation. a a a Outside Agitators Like Mr. Roosevelt AS a matter of fact, I take almost no stock in what the kindly Kansan says. His point of view and mine are diametrically opposed. For instance, in speaking of his own publication he says, "Three-fourths of our employes have known no other boss but me.” In many kinds of small tow’n industry the labor turnover is less than that known in the larger cities. Up to a certain point that is desirable, but when an owner of paper or plant begins to talk for Joe, and Jack and Ed and say, "Why these men are perfectly satisfied; they have been with me for thirty years,” it seems to me that the self-appointed spokesman for the “help” takes too much upon himself. Uncle Tom spent almost his entire life on one single plantation, but as things worked out the situation proved to be somewhat unsatisfactory. In effect what Mr. White and other small town business men are saying is; “Why, we're just folks. Our little factory is just one happy family. There isn't any hint of formality. Everybody who works for me calls me by my first name and any one is free to come to my office at any time and hear from my own lips just why it is imposible to raise wages and shorten hours. You don't mean to tell me that an alien outside agitator like the government of the United States has any right to come into our little valley of contentment and tell us what working conditions should be in our business?” a a a Going Hack Home—to Visit I THINK the government should do exactly that. contrary to the impression which some readers of this column seem to have gained I do not think that all employers are rascals, skinflints, and oppressors of the poor. But in a changing world the amiability and the good intent of any individual is too slight a reed upon which to found a workable economic system. Consideration for employes is an excellent quality in an employer, but it is not enough to insure any sort of planned production. Nor am I convinced that semi-rural America is quite the paradise that the homespun philosophers would have us believe. I whll admit that in recent years I have seen very little of the smaller cities and towns, but at least half the newspaper men I know came originally from some tiny settlement in central Ohio. All of them speak with great enthusiasm of the place in w'hich they were born. In fact all the alumni of the region which I have mentioned mean to go back home some day—for a visit. i Copyright. 1934. bv The Times!

Today s Science BY DAVID DIETZ

THE swift tempo of progress in atomic physics is becoming swifter. The present International Conference on Physics, meeting in London, is proof of that. New discoveries are coming so fast that Professor Enrico Fermi of Italy, one of the world's foremost theoretical physicists, complains that it is impassible to keep the theories up with the facts. The layman thinks of a theorist as one unhampered by facts. But such is not the case with scientific theories. Such theories are useful only so long as they explain the facts. Mast exciting news of the conference so far is the announcement of the creation of new- radioactive substances by Dr. Jean Frederic Joliot and his wife, Irene Curie "Joliot. She is the daughter of Pierre and Marie Curie, the discovers of radium. The Joliots have succeeded in taking ordinary chemical elements, such as boron, magnesium and aluminum, and by bombarding them with various atomic particles, turning them into radio-active substances which for short periods are as powerful as radium itself. a a a INDUCED radio-activity, as this process is called, is not new. The Joliots first produced it in January of this year and other laboratories, including several in America, have been able to duplicate the process and extend it to other substances than those used last winter by the Joliots. What is new is the claim of the Joliots that it is now possible to produce artificial radio-active substances which will be equal to. if not superior to, natural radium for use “in medicine and other practical fields." This week in London. Dr. J. D. Cockroft, whose discoverv of the neutron in 1931 helped usher in the present swift march of physics, also told of experiments in induced radio-activity. But whereas the Joliots, when they bombarded boron with alpha rays produced a gas "radio-nitro-gen.” which remained radio-active for fourteen minutes. Dr. Cockroft. by the use of protons as his projectiles. obtained a radio-nitrogen which remained active for ten and a half minutes. a a a ORDINARY chemical reactions in which atoms unite to form molecules of chemical compounds or m which molecules are broken down into constituent atoms, involve the outer electrons only. There are no changes in the nuclei of the atoms. But the physicists are now causing changes in the nuclei themselves, thus changing one chemical element into another. In certain types of induced radio-activity, they succeed in jamming extra particles into the nuclei. These particles, or in many cases, other particles, are subsequently released. It is this release which constitutes induced radio-activity. Sometimes, neutrons are jammed into nuclei. Subsequently, proton* may be released.

Questions and Answers

Q —Are the Tarzan stories fiction? A—Yes Q—Which was the costliest film ever produced? A—“Ben-Hur” cost $3,500,000, and required three years to produce.

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FULL SPEED AHEAD FOR ITALY

Duces Projected 35,000-Ton Ships Will Dominate Mediterranean

BY MILTON BRONNER NEA Service Staff Correspondent lONDON. Oct. 9 —Just as he demonstrated in the Austrian crisis the / efficiency of the Italian army through instant mobilization on the mountainous border, so Benito Mussolini, boss of Italy and the surprise man of Europe, has focused attention on his country’s naval strength by announcing that two powerful battleships of 35,000 tons displacement each will be constructed immediately. The Italians have a good excuse for the prodigious expense involved, in that many of their first-class ships of the line are old and out of date. While their governments have extended Italy fullest support in the Austrian crisis, and while France and Italy are on the verge of anew accord, the admiralties of both England and France see in this new r building program a direct threat to themselves. The Washington naval treaty of 1922 set forth that all the great naval powers signing it should abandon their capital ship-building programs, and that no new capital ships should be constructed except as replacements for outdated vessels.

The replacement tonnage was fixed at 525,000 tons each for America and England. 315.000 tons for Japan and 175.000 tons each for France and Italy. By the London naval treaty of 1930 it was agreed that none of the big naval powers should lay down the keels of capital ships for replacement during the years 1931-36, except that Italy and France should be allowed to build the replacement tonnage they were entitled to lay down in 1927 and 1929. * a a a THE British laid down and put in service after the 1922 treaty two big battleships, the Nelson and Rodney, each about 33.500 tons. Its other big ships were the Renown and Repulse, 32,000 tons each, launched in 1916, and the Hood, of 40,000 tons, launched in

■The DAILY WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND By Drew Pearson and Robert S. Allen

WASHINGTON, Oct. 9.—One of the most amazing and closely guarded secrets is that regarding Japan’s several proposals for an alliance with the United States. The Japanese, however, did not put it as crudely as that. They used the word nonaggression Pacific pact, but it meant the same thing. The idea, first proposed by Viscount Ishii just before the London

economic conference, has bobbed up time and again, but not until recently would the Japanese definitely take no for an answer. Marion Smith, one of Roosevelt's new labor arbiters, once sent a bill to the public works administration for teaching law to PWA lawyers. Smith had come up from Atlanta. Ga., to try to get a PWA grant for a sewer, claimed PWA lawyers knew nothing of law. He neither the sewer nor his expense bill. Minnesota's ex-convict Representative Francis Shoemaker makes no bones of the fact that he considers himself a dangerous man. His self-penned Congressional Directory Biography contains the following: "A self-edu-cated editor, editorial writer, traveler, lecturer, farmer and lifelong student of political economy, called the story petrel of Minnesota politics with a reputation for tipping over and wrecking political machines.” a a a JIM MOFFETT'S yacht, tied up at a wharf along the Potomac, may be a restful place for the federal housing chief himself, but not for his Filipino servant. Late parties and early breakfasts eclipsed the night, so he resigned, took an easier job at a lower wage. . . PWA project No. 1-IP-1876 is not the Paducah high school building or the Grand Coulee dam, but reconstruction of the executive offices of the White House. . . . Joseph P. Kennedy, chairman of the securities exchange commission, once persuaded Harvard dignitaries to conduct a course of lectures on the movies. Kennedy, a Harvard alumnus and motion picture magnate, managed the program . . Building stone specialists of the bureau of standards estimate that you will have to live two hundred years more before you will again see any major repairs undertaken on the Washington monument . . . Mrs. Hiram Johnson once made a transcontinental telephone call in the interest of her pair of Pekinese dogs. From California she called a Washington “vet” in whom she had confidence to ask what to do about a case of posterior paralysis in her Pekinese. a a a WHILE members of the cabinet sit with the President in the Blue room of the White House, their cars stand in a long line in the driveway; two Lincolns, one Cadillac, three Packards, one Pierce-Arrow, two Buicks, nine cars for ten cabinet officers. The secretary of state walks from his office across the street . . . Diplomatic social functions have lost caste since repeal made good liquor available everywhere . . . Anna Dali tends to “Eleanor Blue” even in dust cloths. The rag she carries in the pocket of her blue sedan is that famous color. Frugal soul, she is conserving the upholstery on the car via the seat-cover method. The car's window glass is spotted with finger-prints of small children, Sistie and Buzzie. a a a FOR eight months the White House has been trembling at the thought of the repercussions which might ensue from the serving of the famous 3.2 beer at the last Christmas party. When finally it did pop out, every one in the White House nearly dropped dead to find that nation-wide public opinion was almost solidly with them. What the papers failed to publish was that the attempted denunciation of the beer party at the Methodist convention in Atlantic City was inspired (in fertile soil, to be sure> by several sources very close to the Republican political throne. . . . Despite General Billy Mitchell'sdemand for more airships, none is on the horizon. Navy Secretary Swanson is convinced they're of no great, military value, and that their cost should be spent on airplanes. . . . The federal aviation commission studying the army air corp 6 will

The Indianapolis Times

1918, before the treaty limitation of 35.000 tons maximum was adopted. But the Hood, for all its massive tonnage, is not heavily protected and is not as powerful as the newer ships. For a long time France and Italy put their naval eggs in lighter baskets. They constructed submarines and fast cruisers. Then the Germans got inside the provisions of the Versailles treaty by constructing the Deutschland, a pocket battleship of 10,000 tons, with guns heavy enough to crush the cruisers of other nations and speed enough to run away from rival battleships. nan FRANCE, alarmed at this development, began the construction of the Dunkerque, which is to be 26,000 tons with heavier

make a report that will turn the army upside down. Despite efforts to keep the facts quiet, the commission has reached an accurate understanding of the iron heel under which the air corps has been held by the general staff for years back. It also is wise to the fact that the widelytouted “G. H. Q.” air force plan, just announced by Secretary Dern, in reality is an attempt to tighten the strangle hold which the general staff holds on the winged branch. (Copyright. 1934. bv United Feature Syndicate. Inc.)

MAJOR CAMPBELL TO ADDRESS ENGINEERS Indiana Section to Meet Here Thursday. Major L. H. Campbell Jr., ordinance department, Rock Island arsenal, will speak at a meeting of the Indiana Section S. A. E., at the Athenaeum Thursday night. The address on “Automotive Development of the Army” will be illustrated with slides and a motion picture from the ordinance department at Washington giving information just released by army headquarters. Two late army vehicles will be displayed just outside the Athenaeum. The meeting will begin with a dinner at 6:30 at the Athenaeum, which will be followed at 3 by the open meeting, for which there is no admission charge. Vice-Chairman Herman E. Winkler, who will have charge of the meeting, has invited all local automotive men to attend the meeting, as well as army men from Ft. Befljamin Harrison, officers of the Indiana national guard and members of the Officers Reserve Corps. RICHBERG SPEECH HERE WILL BE BROADCAST Address to Be Placed on Nationwide Hookup, Is Word. The address of Donald R. Richberg, national industrial emergency committee director, at the Murat theater next Monday night will be broadcast over a National Broadcasting Company network, Chamber of Commerce officials announced today. The attention of the entire nation will be commanded by the speech, it is expected, since it will be the first time Mr. Richberg. known as President Roosevelt’s right hand man in New Deal affairs, has spoken in the middle west since the recent NR A reorganization, and he is expected to shed new light on the administration's recovery plans and policies. justTce of peace is DEFENDANT IN SUIT 53,000 Damages Asked in Case Against Jack Berger. Jack Berger, 600 West Forty-first street, Washington township justice of the peace, is named defendant in a $5,000 damage suit on file in superior court today. The complaint, filed by John Van Sickle, alleges that after he had brought suit against a Washington township resident, the latter asked for a change of venue to Marion municipal court and that Mr. Berger, in his official capacity, neglected to make a transcript of the proceedings. GIESKING UNDER ARREST City Hoodlum Arrested in Illicit Still Charge. Theodore L. Giesking, local hoodlum, was ordered held under $2,000 bond in U. S. commissioners court yesterday pending action of the federal grand jury. Giesking is charged with the operation of an illicit stiff.

INDIANAPOLIS, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 9, 1934

guns than the Deutschland and with considerable speed. As the Germans propose to build three more of the Deutschland type, Frar.ce proposes to build another of ihe Dunkerque type. Under the treaty Italy could build 70,000 tons of new capital ships for replacement. France could build 105.000 tons as it lost one of its heaviest—the France. Now Mussolini will proceed to build all the tonnage Italy is allowed—two battleships of 35,000 tons each, the most powerful in European waters. They could lick anything the French have and threaten French communications with the north African colonies across the Mediterranean. u a tt Moreover they constitute an equal threat to British water communications with Egypt, the Suez Canal and India. Italy already has another powerful threat to Britain in the development of its great seaplane force, which could easily swoop down from Italian ports upon Malta, England’s key-point in Mediterrean waters. The clever Mussolini by his latest move, therefore, has upset all the naval equilibrium of the Mediterranean. Incidentally, too, he has caused great rejoicing in Genoa and Triests, where one each of the new ships is to be constructed and where there will now be plenty of work until 1938 when the vessels will be launched and completed.

308 MEMBERS ADDEDIN DRIVE ‘Bar-X’ Team Captures High Scoring Honors in ‘Y’ Roundup. The Y. M. C. A. “roundup,” annual membership campaign official designation this year, found a total of 308 new men roped, branded and on the rolls today following the addition of 112 candidates reported at the luncheon yesterday. Ranch foremen announced the following totals: “U-bar,” forty; “101,” forty; “Rattlesnake Gully,” thirty-eight; “Lone Star,” twentyfour; “Bar-X,” thirty-one; “Packers Gully,” sixty-one; "Montana,” twen-ty-seven; “Texas,” thirty-three, and ‘“Gold Miners,” fourteen. “Bar-X,” captained by Morris Pickett, was the highest scoring team at yesterday’s report and John Brun of the “Texas” ranch was the individual record roper of members. Silver stars for the securing of twelve or more new members went to Earl Kiger, Otto Ray, Mr. Pickett and Berkeley Duff Jr. Red stars for those w r ho gained six or more recruits were awarded Harvey Hartsock and John Spangler. 2,268 ENROLL FOR FREE PIANO LESSONS Two City Organizations Sponsor Individual Institutions. The Indianapolis Piano Teachers Association and the Marion Music Company announced today that 2,268 children and adults have registered for the free piano lessons sponsored by the tw r o organizations. Both advanced pupils and beginners are receiving instruction and more than half this number are studying classical music. Resistration for individual, free instruction still may be made at the Marion Music Company, 229 North Pennsylvania street. ENROLL AT DARTMOUTH Two City Students, Five Other Hoosiers in List. Seven Indiana students have enrolled as members of the freshman class at Dartmouth college, Hanover, N. H., it was announced today. Those from Indianapolis are Edwin P. Belknap, 2462 Broadw-ay, and William H. McMurtrie, 3551 Washington boulevard.

SIDE GLANCES

“Parker, how much did they stick us for these chops?"

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The big guns of the Italian battleship Duilio burst forth in salute to the king during the war maneuvers in the Mediterranean.

THE NATIONAL ROUNDUP B B B B B B By Ruth Finney

WASHINGTON, Oct. 9.—Complete revision of merchant marine policies may result from the administration’s study of ship subsidies, starting formally today. % President Roosevelt has made it clear that subsidies will continue and that a national merchant marine will be maintained. How’ever, four important changes in relationship between the government and the shipping industry are probable. Subsidies may be reduced. Some estimates of savings run as high as $10,000,000 a year. The basis for granting subsidies may be changed to prevent use of

any government funds for excessive personal profit of ship owners. A way may be sought to insure maintenance of a fleet of fast new vessels, through closer government checks on construction. This is something large sums expended under the present subsidy policy has not accomplished. The United States may agree to co-operate with other nations in working out an international merchant marine policy. European nations have urged such action since 1933, to prevent uneconomic competition in building and subsidizing national fleets. a a a THE investigation has had two practical results even before getting under way. Its announcement last July helped bring ship owners into line on terms for settlement of the San Francisco strike. Again last week subsidized ship owners operating from the east coast agreed to bargain collectively with their workers when the government suggested that they do so. The United States has paid $170,872,062 in direct subsidies since returning the merchant fleet to private operation after the war. This sum includes the difference between existing mail contract rates and poundage rates on American or on foreign vessels; the difference between interest rates charged on government loans to mail lines and the average 5 per cent rate charged commercially; and the difference between hook value of ships on date of sale and the price at which the government sold them to mail lines. In addition the government has loaned $107,593,957 for new construction and reconditioning. Ship owners owe the government the present time, on loans and on purchase contracts, a total of slll.366.757. An earlier investigation of ship subsidies, made by Senator Hugo

By George Clark

L. Block’s special senate committee, disclosed large private profits accruing to officials of subsidized lines. The committee found one steamship executive w ? ho drew more than $300,000 each year for two years in salaries and expenses. Between 1920 and 1932 the president of another company drew $3,000,000 in salaries, dividends and enhanced stock values. A change in the manner of awarding subsidies and their basis may be asked to give the government greater control over such conditions.

BOARD WILL BOLD HEARING OB PAVING Resolution Approving Alley Project Approved. A public hearing will be held within the next fifteen days on a resolution adopted by the city works board yesterday providing for the paving of the first alley north of Thirty-second street between Clifton street and Barnes avenue. A. H. Moore, city engineer, estimates cost of the proposed work at $5,167.75. The board also was asked to reconsider a petition previously denied in which the city was asked to vacate St. Joseph street between Audubon road and Ritter avenue. Irvington. Property owners, in asking reconsideration of their petition, said that its previous rejection was due to a report that the school board was to build a school on a site near that section of St. Joseph street in question and would have need of the street. The petitioning group said that this plan has been abandoned. DEAN NEIL CAROTHERS WILL LECTURE HERE Monetary Expert to Speak at Meeting Oct 19. Neil Carothers, dean of the school of business administration, Lehigh university, will speak at the academy of music, Illinois and Michigan streets, Friday night, Oct. 19, under auspices of the Indiana sound money committee. Dean Carothers, a nationally known economist, writer and lecturer, will speak on the monetary question. The intensity of the public interest in this question, according to the committee, is reflected in the reaction of business men over the state to a series of addresses which have been delivered in recent weeks by members of the committee’s speakers bureau. U. S. EXAMINATIONS SET Civil Service Posts Open, Boatman Announces. Competitive civil service examinations were announced today by Secretary F. J. Boatman. They include associate marketing specialists, ! beef supervisor, meat grader, assistant land examiner, associate exam- : mer, federal communications commission and assistant magnetic and 1 seismological observers in the geodetic survey. Crew Is Rescued in Storm ; By United Preti HONGKONG, Oct. 9 —Under hazardous conditions H. M. S, Suffolk today rescued the entire crew of tire S. S. City of Cambridge while mountainous seas were pounding the steamer to pieces on the lagoon side of Prsta Real.

Second Section

Entered as Second-Cla** Matter at Postoffiee, Indianapolis. Ind.

Fair Enough WESTBROOK PEGLER "TVETROIT, Oct. 9.—The country might run out of money before the job could be more than h'lf done, but your correspondent has been impressed by the need of some sweeping, painting and landscape gardening in the southern portions of Indiana and Illinois and earnestly commends this territory to the attention of Mr. Ickes and any one else in Washington who has money to spend on pretty things and is sensitive about unsightly spots in the American scene. The government has been building anew

chain of lakes in Interstate Park just up the Hudson from New York from New r York in a reservation which already has about forty lakes. This is bad distribution. There neither are bathing beaches nor canoeing facilities in the stretch of country which your correspondent passed through pursuing the world series ball clubs from Detroit to St. Louis and then back again. This is a dreary scene. Long stretches of country are powered with dust, the towns and villages present an unlovely appearance, farm yards are untidy and the industrial

plants, such as the big lead works, which can be seen from the train, should be remodeled along ‘ pleasant architectural lines and painted nice colors. A few lakes would be a great relief to the eye of the spectator passing by and possibly bit of a joy to the inhabitants. Or could they possibly go so far as to put in an ocean with two or three exclusive beach-clubs and gambling casinos? An ocean would be better. The local business houses which confront the railroad need touching up. The luncheon room, the saloon, the feed store, the grocery and all undoubtedly are doing the best they can in their circumstances, but they look soiled from the smoke and grit of the railroad. The tin fronts in many cases need replacement if not eradication in favor of something more tasty, the lettering of the signs on the front windows should be touched up with gilt and the railroad stations should be planted with with New England gardens. Or midwestern gardens. Anyway, gardens. a a a •Well, WlmVll You Chew?' from the train it seems unlikely that any of the little eating places along the route could set down a really first class meal in a first class way. The caviar might be bird-shot, the wine might be off-temperature and the filet of sole Marguery might turn out to be mud-cat fried in dripping. The waiter might not be up to snuff, either, and there is nothing.more fatal to the enjoyment of a meal than a w’aiter w ho comes shuffling up to the party with his toes sticking out of his shoes, wipes the top of the table wdth his apron and, instead of a deferential "Shentlemans?” leads off with some confidence about his lumbago dam-near killing him and presently inquires, “Well, what are you going to chew?” There has been considerable propaganda in favor of American travel for Americans and this is a good idea in principle. It would keep American money at home and it is supposed that it would endear America to Americans. This is supposing too much as matters stand just now. The unhappy fact is that the rural farm-towns and industrial settlements w'hich are clustered around the big plants and mines are not endearing scenes. This was demonstrated by the thundering eagerness in which many thousands of native residents fled them in the time of the boom. Now' the government is trying to lure them back, but without any lure beyond a sentimental intimation that, after all, when a man or a girl is broke in a big city, there is no place like home. B tt B The Trouble Is Granite City 'T'HAT is more a warning than a lure as to many A old home towms. Even New Yoi’c or Chicago and a bench in the park isn’t quite like home. Even a sleep-out can w'atch the fire engines go by in a big city. It says in the paper that Mr. Mike Vanderbilt, the yachtsman, tired out from the strain of defending the America s cup off New’port, has popped over to England for a bit of rest. Mr. Vanderbilt didn’t come to Granite City or Mattoon, 111. He wouldn’t meet anybody he knew. They do things better in the old world. Even the peasants are quaint. The American peasants aren't quaint. They wear overalls and drive cars, though not very good ones nowadays, and they do not call one “M'soo” or “Guv’nor.” An impudent lot," too, the American peasant, and their countryside a mess Your correspondent met a Gould once. For generations they have been taking their holidays in the old world. Some of them live in the old world Your correspondent's Gould said she had never been west of Philadelphia, but planned to some day. The trouble with American travel is Granite City. There are so many Granite cities, and they are not endearing. But maybe Mr. Ickes—he fix. (Copyright. 1934. bv United Feature Syndicate. Inc.)

Your Health —BY DR. MORRIS FISIIBEIN-

f I 'HE superstition, that there is something wrong -*■ with persons who are left-handed, dies hard. In fact, left-handedness seems to be appreciated most in baseball pitchers, but hardly in any other form of sport. Even the dictionary records the left side as inferior. Thus it states that the left hand is inferior in muscular strength, readiness and skill, and this hand is less under control than the right hand for operations requiring delicate manipulations. The trouble is that the dictionary does not take into account the fact that the left hand may have been superior at birth, but that somebody's notions insisted on right-handedness and, therefore, the result was marked inferiority on both sides. a a a TN a previous generation attempts were made to 1 make every child right-handed, regardless of the tendencies which it betrayed toward the left. The child who is bom left-handed comes into a world which is right-handed. Os course, left-handedness is not a sign of inferiority or abnormality any more than blue eyes or blond hair is a sign of inferiority or abnormality. The motions of our hands and legs are controlled by our brains. There are two sides of the brain .The left side controls the right hand and right leg. and the right side of the brain controls the left hand and leg. In most cases one side of the other dominates, and this is dependent on years of hereditary development. nan WHEN we try to change left-handed children to right-handedness, we are really trying to change the complete organization of a switchboard, a network of wires and switches that we do not actually control. If it were a telephone system, we could eonnect and disconnect wires, in the human being, all w# can do is endeavor to train the system into a form of operation which may be against its natural tendencies. Asa result of this forced training, awkwardness develops. There may also be blocking, so that stammering and difficulties of speech follow. Disturbances of thinking usually are associated with disturbances of speech and with blocking of this type. If the mental machinery is adjusted to a certain system of operations and we try to force it into some other system, the system is naturally slower. It is felt that many disorders of behavior also are brought about by this attempt to force right-handed-ness on left-handed persons.

PI ■ v •V J

Westbrook Pegler