Indianapolis Times, Volume 46, Number 98, Indianapolis, Marion County, 3 September 1934 — Page 5

SEPT. 3, 193J_

Today's Science By David Dietz THE wild life of the southwest, almost annihilated by the advance of agriculture, la again multiplying, thanks to the work of Roosevelt s Civilian Conservation Corps. The soil-saving campaign embarked upon by the the CCC la repairing the damage wrought by preceding generations, according tb Professor John D. Clark of the University of New Mexico. “These new conservation measures stand in contrast to our efforts of yesteryear to secure more farm land by draining marshes." Professor Clark says. "The breeding grounds of millions of waterfowl were destroyed by drainage. •The CCC work has restored many areas where waterfowl may now reproduce in abundance.” mum THE nation only has recently begun to realize the tremendous damage that has been done to a vast area in the west. "Because of excessive over-grazing, unscientific lumbering, uncontrolled fire, and m particular llladvised homesteading in an area of limited rainfall, the soil has lost its vegetation, the run-off has increased. gullies have formed, debris has been deposited where it does harm, and alkali deserts have resulted.” Professor Clark says. "By-products of such abuse of the land are unproductivlty. disappearance of wild life, loss of recreational areas, flood damage, and eventually desolation.” Professor Clark believes that much marginal land in the southwest will go out of production. This, he thinks, will be hastened because nitrates manufactured from the nitrogen of the air. abundant phosphates and the recent development of low-cast potash from the beds of New Mexico and western Texas, have brought down the cast of fertilizers to a point where more crops can now be raised on less land. Land on which wheat formerly was raised at SI.OB a bushel now can be made to yield three bushels in place of one when the land is well fertilized. The cost, he says. Including the fertilizer, is now only 43 cents a bushel. a a a THE best use to which this marginal land can be put. Professor Clark thinks, is for the shelter and production of wild life. “This applies to the production of fish as well as of game.” he says. There are canyons in the western mountains containing small but permanent streams which by means of inexpensive rock or log dams have been converted into a series of trout pools. "New trout streams have been established and the trout-carrying capacity of old streams has been trebled. This work has been directed by scientists and a considerable number of chemists and biologists are making stream surveys this summer.”

Questions and Answers

Q—Where are the highest and lowest points within Continental United States? How far apart are they? A—The highest point is Mount Whitney, 14,496 feet above sea level, and the iowest dry land is Death Valley, 276 feet below sea level. They are both in California, and only 86 miles apart. Q—What is the source of the quotation: “The mark of rank in nature is capacity for pain, and the anguish of the singer marks the sweetness of the strain?” A—Sarah Williams’ "Twilight Hours,” in the poem entitled "It Is So, O Christ in Heaven.” Q —What is the present strength of the armed forces of the United States? A—The regulaV army averages approximately 12.000 officers and 118,750 enlisted men. exclusive of 6.500 Philippine scouts. The marine corps numbers 14 786 officers and enlisted men and the navy has 9,423 officers and 81.120 enlisted men. Q—What does the name George mean? A—Husbandman, farmer. Q —How often is the English Derby at Epsom Downs run? A—Once a year, usually about the last of May or the first of June. Q —What was the gross public debt of the United States on June 1, 1934? A—526,155,017,448.27. t Q—is it proper to apply the term beautiful to fine looking men? A—lt is perfectly proper, but it is customary to speak of a woman as beautiful and a man as handsome. Q —What is a shrub? A—A woody perennial plant smaller than a tree. The line of demarcation between shrub and tree in the matter of size is somewhat indeterminate; but if the plant is a vine, or if it is a bush, that is, consists of a number of small stems from the ground or branches from near the ground, it is called by botanists a shrub. In popular language a shrub is a bush. Q—What was the date of “the year without a summer?” What caused the low temperature?. A—lt was in 1816. when there was a killing frost and snow every month of the year in New York, Pennsylvania and the New England states, and even as far south as the Virginia mountains. Very cold weather was prevalent over the entire world. One theory is that the condition was caused by terrific volcanic explosions which disseminated volcanic dust through the earth's atmosphere and prevented sunlight from reaching the earth. Q—Has Japan ever been under the suzerainty of a foreign nation? A—No. Q—Name the head of the United States secret service. A—w. H. Moran, chief of the secret service division of the United States treasury department, Rnd J. Edgar Hoover, director of investigations, United States department of justice. ' Q—How much does it cost the government to educate a cadet at West Point Military academy and a mdshipman at the Annapolis Naval academy? A—Approximately $19,000 for a cadet and about sl4 000 for a midshipman. Q—How many persons were graduated from colleges and professional schools in the United States in 1931? A—147,853. What is the nineteenth amendment to the United States constitution? A —lt provides for woman suffrage. Q —When and where was the Luther Bible first published? A—The Luther Bible. New Testament only, was first published in Germany in September, 1522. The Old Testament followed shortly after. Q—What is the Negro population of the United States? A—The 1930 census enumerated 11.891.143. Q—Are Americans prohibited from owning land in Japan? A—Under the treaty of commerce and navigation, concluded between the United States and Japan on Feb. 21, 1911. Americans may own houses, and may lease lands for commercial purposes. They may not own land in Japan. Q —ln what constellation is the planet Venus? A—Planets are not in constellations. The name lanet means “wanderer.” and by reason of their i.totions around the sun and the motion of the earth, the position of the planets with relation to the earth, the stars and constellations and to each other, are constantly changing. Q— How large are the locks in the Welland ship canal? A—The eight locks are 859 feet long, 80 feet wide and 30 feet deep. Q —ls It legal for the holder of a state office to accept or hold any other office or position? A—-It is presumed that this question deals with job* outside of the state's employ. Statues governing different state positions differ in this respect, but no state employe can have an outside office which would influence his actions as a state employe.

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Thl* i the first of a series of six stories on “The March of Labor,” tell - in* of the sains made by workers under NRA and the problems which beset labor in its efforts of further progress toward its roal. BY WILLIS THORNTON NF.A Service Staff Writer TI7ASHINGTON, Sept. 3.—La- ’ * bor day, 1934, finds American labor in the midst of its most hectic period of progress and change since the day, fifty-two years ago, when P. J. McGuire rose in the New York Central Labor Union and first suggested an American Labor day. It is not only that millions more workingmen are organized, in one way or another, than ever before. The machinery of labor organization its objects, and its place in society are changing, and changing fast. Organization of labor since NRA has come so rapidly that the problem has been how to receive and assimilate the new members rather than how to get them. The American Federation of Labor, for many years the largest and the “standard” labor organization, literally doesn't know how many members it has today. It had 4,000,000 at the high

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DAILY WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND —By Drew Pearson and Robert S. Allen—

WASHINGTON, Sept. 3.—Cordell Hull finally has awakened to the fact that his much-ballyhooed reciprocity treaties were going dead in his hands, and has decided to step on it. He has turned all Latin-Ameriean treaties over to Assistant Secretary Sumner Welles, who is not afflicted w’ith sleeping sickness.

BARTENDERS TO SHOW PUBLIC JUST HOW TO PUT DOWN THE BEER

Marion county bartenders will show their public how beer drinking should be done, it became known today. Fred Steinsbergcr, chairman, announces that the experts at cocktail shaking and beer drawing will hold a beer-drinking contest at their Columbia park picnic next Monday. There's to be a horseshoe pitching contest, too—presumably in advance of the beer-consuming tests. The picnic will be a revival of the pre-prohibition annual custom of the bartenders. In the old days the outings were attended largely. This year's picnic will commence at 2 and continue until night when a dance and floor show will be held. The affair will be held by the Marion county division of the Retail Beverage Dealers Association of America. HEADSRELI EFW 0 R K AT CENTRAL NORMAL Dr, P. R. Hightower. Education Director, Named to Post. By United /Vr.# DANVILLE, Ind., Sept. I.—Dr. P. R. Hightower, state emergency education director during the last year, will direct federal emergency relief administration activities at Central Normal college during the coming year. Dr. Hightower will co-ordinate the FERA work with the new teacher training character program which is being inaugurated at the college. He will collaborate with C. R. Maxam, who heads the teacher training project. For eleven years Dr. Hightower was professor of psychology and education at Butler. NATION FIRM BEHIND ROOSEVELT. SAYS AGAR Most People Have Faith in President, Writer Thinks. Herbert Agar, author of "The People's Choice,” Pulitzer pnze-wirf-ning novel, finds that most people have faith in President Roosevelt and the New Deal, he said today. Here as a guest of D. Lauranc? Chambers. Boobs-Merrill Company vice-president. Mr. Agar declined to discuss current affairs, TAKES OVER BUSINESS Widow to Conduct John Reynolds Mortuary Parlors. The undertaking business of the late John F. Reynolds, 1415 North Pennsylvania street, will be operated by Mrs. Gertrude Reynolds, his widow, it was announced today by the Trust Company, administrator of the estate. Annual Dinner Is Tonight The annual dinner for newspaper man and press association workers will be held at 6.30 tonight in the administration building at the fairground. Speeches are barred. Food is lung.

point in 1920. By 1932 this had fallen to 2,500,000. Today it is probably around the 4,000.000 high mark, so rapidly have new units been formed and new members joined old ones. ana MANY thousands of these new members are in fields never before organized. Asa result the forthcoming national convention of the A. F. of L. in San Francisco, Oct. 1, perhaps will be the most important in its history. But in the meantime, “employe representation” groups, or “company unions,” have also passed their 1928 peak of 1,547.766 members. Here again nobody knows exactly how many company union members there are, and any estimate is unreliable, because many union members belong also to the company union in their plants. In addition to all these, entirely independent unions have sprung up claiming affiliation with no other organization, and numbering. according to conservative estimate, at least 259,000 members. Probably 6,000,000 of America’s 35,000,000 gainfully employed work-

The senate munitions investigators have unearthed the fact that a prominent American missionary served as an agent link in selling munitions to the “heathen. ’ They also have discovered close ties not only between mysterious Sir Basil Zaharoff and American munitions firms, but also with the great French munitions firm of Schneider and with the chief British munitions firm of Vickers. In fact, the investigators claim to have unearthed an international munitions pool, of which the Du Ponts are members. 000 MISSOURI'S ex-Senator Harry B. Hawes is a busy man these days. President Roosevelt has promised to spend a weekend some time this fall at the Jefferson Island Club House, in Chesapeake bay, and Hawes, as chairman of the exclusive Democratic club, has the job of preparing for the visit. 000 THE treasury is as mute as a clam about its $2,000,000,000 stabilization fund, but some of the younger executives, if questioned, smile contentedly and hum “Good grief, how the money rolls in!” Fact is that the canny manipulations of young Henry Morgenthau have given the fund show a very handsome profit. . . . Big Jim Farley has changed his ghost speech WTiter. For a few weeks, Jim's emanations struck a very low note, portions of his addresses bordering almost on illiteracy. His latest speech, however, shows a really improved tone, thanks, insiders say, to the return from his vacation of able Charley Michelson. press chief of the Democratic national committee. 000 NO Roosevelt move has received so much enthusiasm in Puerto Rico and the Virgin islands as the appointment of Dr. Ernest Gruening as head of the new insular affairs bureau. Gruening knows Puerto Rico almost as well as he knows the United States, and his appointment may head off some brewing trouble there. Although he never practiced medicine. Dr. Gruening is a genuine medico, is a graduate of the Harvard medical school. . . . Such is the impulsiveness of youth. Twenty-nine-year-old Rush Holt, would-be senatorial prodigy, has split the Democratic party in West Virginia. At a state convention last week. Holt denounced the Democratic machine. thereby throwing away an easy election victory. . . . Chances still are strong in his favor, though he will now have to fight. Copvrlßht, 1934 bv United Feature Syndicate. Inc.) COURSE TO BE GIVEN Professor Stempel to Conduct Class in Old English. Professor Guido H. Stempel, head of the department f comparative philology at Indiana university will offer a course in old English at the extension division here this fall, it was announced today. Mr. Stempel will offer courses for extension students in English grammar for teachers and Greek and Latin derivatives. Robbers Wield Razors Two Negroes wielding razors robbed Bus Regdon, 52. Ben Davis, of $25 Saturday night at West street and jpoilCC W6X6 notified.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

ers are organized today—more than ever before. The NRA presented a chalenge. When it ordered the organization and co-operation of employers, it could do no less than guarantee the right of labor to organize if and as it wished. Organized labor was not long in picking up the challenge. a a a NEW conditions called for new methods. The rise of mass production industries in which a worker may perform a single operation, such as tightening a bolt on an auto body as it passes him on the assembly line, has brought up anew kind of labor. It is not. exactly unskilled, nor is it highly skilled in the sense that a carpenter, machinist, or printer is skilled. These massproduction workers are the “battleground” of organized labor today. There is only one way to organize such workers: that is, “vertically” by industries, rather than “horizontally” by trades, the traditional method. That is, for instance in the rubber industry, you have unions of all rubber workers in a single plant regard-

MORGENTHAU IN TIMES^MOVIE Secretary Gives Talk for Newsreel on Government Finance Policies. Secretary Henry Morgenthau Jr., of the treasury, asserts in an interview in the current issue of The Indianapolis Times-Universal Newsreel, that going off the gold standard has earned the government nearly $3,000,000,000. Graham McNamee, the screen's talking reporter, vividly describes the other important events in the reel. Secretary Morgenthau, whose policies are being lauded by world finance experts, declares that the New Deal to date has cost only $500,000,000 because of the government’s financial arrangements and states that the profit on gold will be applied to balance the budget. Two other events in the current reel include the frantic efforts of Chicago police to hold 18,000 school teachers in line as pay checks are distributed for the first time in over seven months; and the battle between a horse-car and Tom Thuipb, Peter Cooper's ancient locomotive, at the World’s fair. CATTLE SLAUGHTER SET 14 Carloads to Be Killed Here Tomorrow, Meat Canned. Preparations were made today for the slaughter tomorrow of fourteen carloads of western drought area cattle at the Indianapolis Abattoir Company, 1220 Drover street. The cattle were sent here from Sioux City, la., and, according to Earl C. Wayland, commodity director of the Governor's unemployment relief commission, will be killed and the meat canned for use by Indiana unemployed this winter.

SIDE GLANCES

“Will you ask Mrs. Do Vaughn ts she. is going golfing j

less of the kind of work they do, instead of a national union of machinists or molders with only a few members of that trade in each rubber plant. Automobiles, rubber, aluminum, clothing, mining, power and equipment, textiles —those are the fields in which the new "vertical” or industrial unions are rising. The A. F. of L. has recognized this trend and has chartered more than 1.300 such vertical unions since the NRA went into effect. It has fewer than 300 before that. Such local organizations are affiliated directly with the federation, without membership in one of the great international trade unions. a a a AND the next step already has been taken in several cases. After a large number of federal unions in a single industry, say automobiles or aluminum, are established in different towns, the next thing is to unite them in a council or what amounts to a national industrial union. Such national federal unions are large enough to compete in influence with the old-established trade unions, many of which are slipping, due to the inroads in their membership made by auto-

THE NATIONAL ROUNDUP a a a a a a By Ruth Finney

With Ruth Finney on vacation today’s National Round up has been written by Max Stern, of The Times Special Staff. a a a SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 3.—Will “I, Governor of California,” Upton Sinclair’s thirty-seventh and fastest-selling novel prove prophetic or will the “Stop Sinclair Movement” relegate it to the bookshelves in November to gather dust along with all the other Utopian dream books from Plato to H. G. Wells?

In four months this diminutive yellow-back has made political history not only for California but for the United States. At 20 cents each, it has run into 150,000 copies and eight editions. Purporting to be “a true story of the future,” it tells how the lean, ascetic ex-Socialist moved from his modest Pasadena hillside home to the Governor’s mansion in Sacramento, and there, in two years, abolished poverty in California. He “did” it by means of a twelve-point "EPIC” (End-Poverty-In-California) plan, now familiar to hundreds of thousands of hopeful working and middleclass people of this state, and last Tuesday swept him into the Democratic nomination with a recordbreaking majority. 000 HERE is the “Epic plan”: State and land colonies for the rural jobless, administered by a California authority for land, the land purchased and colonized from bonds. Mr. Sinclair thinks the federal government .will assume the bonds as “a loan to end loans.” State factories, laundries, bakeries, canneries, lumber yards and other industries for the jobless city workers, administered by a California authority for production. A state authority for money, which will issue scrip to pay CAL and CAP workers and to be used as exchange in the jobless system, also bonds to finance land and factory purchases; Abolition of the state sales tax,

By George Clark

matic machinery. In fact, such an industrial union, the United Mine Workers, newly risen to 600,000 members, is the largest single unit of the A. F. of L. Despite organized labor’s disappointment with NRA, labor has seldom made so many gains in so short a time. Practically every strike has been settled by a “compromise.” But such settlements are not really that. A compromise implies giving and taking by both sides. In almost every such settlement, labor has compromised only in the sense of accepting less than it originally asked. The gain, however small, was net. Countless recognitions, wage raises, hour reductions, betterment of conditions, have been won during the last year. Millions are learning for the first time the feeling of power that come through organization. The long upward struggle of American labor is in one of its critical periods of advance. NEXT—The modern 1 abor movement arises, and the A. F. of L. grows out of the fall of the once-powerful Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor.

substituting a 4-cents-a-share tax on stock transfers; A state income tax graduated from $5,000 to $50,000 incomes and over, the latter paying 30 per cent; An increase in the state inheritance tax, applying to residents and nonresidents, taking 50 per cent of sums above $50,000 bequeathed to any individual and 50 per cent of sums above $250,000 bequeathed by any individual; Increases in taxes on private utility corporations and banks; A constitutional amendment revising the tax code, exempting from taxation all homes assessed at $3,000 or less, and levying a graduated property tax on all homes worth $5,000 and up; A constitutional amendment establishing a state land tax on unimproved building and farm land not in cultivation, the first SI,OOO worth being exempt; aid to home builders from a state building loan fund; Pensions of SSO a month for needy residents over 60 years of age. for the blind and other physically unfit for labor; for widows with dependent children. “Governor” Sinclair admits such a program will mean a flight of capital from the state, but he says “they can't take the land.” APPLICATIONS AVAILABLE FOR HOUSING LOANS System Similar to Those for Repairs, Says Harding. Applications for loans to stores, office buildings, apartments, factories and warehouses are available under the national housing act, Walter B. Harding, campaign chairman of the local drive pushed by the Chamber of Commerce, said today. Mr. Harding pointed out that applications and eligibility for loans are handled in a manner similar to those for repairs on private dwellings. Notes may run for from one month to three years in amounts from SIOO to $2,000 on any one property, and a regular income and a good credit reputation are all the security required, Mr. Harding asserted. NAMED POST ADJUTANT Captain Leo G. Clarke Succeeds to Fort Harrison Job. Captain Leo G. Clarke, Eleventh infantry, will succeed Captain Roy N. Hagerty as post adjutant at Ft. Benjamin Harrison this week when Captain Hagerty leaves for Ft. Leavenworth, Kan., where he will attend the command and general staff school. Captain Clarke has been decorated with the distinguished service cross and croix de guerre. MONEY BOX IS STOLEN Loot Between $l5O and $290, City Police Are Notified. Burglars who broke into office of the Interstate Motor Freight System, 233 West- Ohio street, escaped with a money box containing between $l5O and S2OO, police were notified yesterday. The same thieves also stole a money box containing an undetermined sum from the Silver Fleet Motor Express, located next door to tfle Interstate office. ,

World of Ou rs By William Philip Simms WASHINGTON. Sept. 3.— Japan’s rapidly evolving naval, Pacific and Far Eastern policy is causing concern here, in London and in Moscow. The split in the Tokio cabinet has been healed, the time and manner of abrogating the naval limitation treaties decided upon, and a way found to deliver all Asia into the keeping of Nippon. Cabled advices indicate: First, Japan will demand that the principle of parity be recognized by the leading naval powers. Second, she will not at once insist upon building up to parity with America and Britain, but will propose that a global tonnage system be substituted for the present scheme of limitation by categories. Thus would give Japan a free hand to build the

type of warships she desires instead of having to stick to types internationally agreed upon. Third, as an alternative to Japan building up to approximate parity with Britain and America, Japan will suggest that these two powers scrap down to nearer her tonnage. Fourth, if these proposals fail—as they seem foredoomed to do—then Japan would announce she has no option other than to withdraw from the Washington and London limitations agreements, as she did from the League of Nations, and go her own way. Naval Minister Osumi is said to have fought for weeks to abrogate the Washington and London

treaties at once, thus gaining freedom of action at the coming naval conference. Foreign Minister Hirota, however, just as stubbornly opposed the Osumi plan. He feared it would create an unfavorable impression abroad and throw the blame on Japan. If Japan makes what might seem a fair proposal only to have it turned dow’n, then the onus would fall on the United States and Gres' Britain, at least so far as Japanese opinion is concerned. , a a a Reports Untrue, They Say BRITISH and American experts claim existing naval ratios already preclude any successful attack against the Japanese Islands. Given parity, the Japanese fleet would be superior, in far eastern waters, to any likely combination of powers. Alarmed for her interests in that part of the world, Great Britain is rumored about to revive the old Anglo-Japanese alliance. The new deal would divide the far east into spheres of interest, Nippon agreeing to keep hands off the British sphere, including Australasia, Britain giving Japan a free hand in North China. Responsible British spokesmen assure the writer that these reports are untrue. The alliance, they say, will not be renew'ed. But that Britain is iri,creasingly uneasy over the trend of events in the Orient and the South Pacific and some sort of deal with Japan would not cause surprise. a a a And Russia Is on the Watch MEANWHILE Britain is rushing to completion her naval and air base at Singapore, and Australia has plans for strengthening her own defenses. The United States may find itself forced to change its Pacific and Far Eastern policy. Abrogation of the Washington treaty would automatically release America from its restrictions. She would be free not only to build any size fleet, but to fortify the Aleutian islands, Guam, American Samoa and the Philippines. Washington would be reluctant to embark upon any such program. An alternative might be a Far Eastern Locarno. This would tend to throw America and Britain together to safeguard the peace of the Pacific. Soviet Russia is watching developments with no whit less interest than the other powers. The whole future of her vast, newly settled empire in Eastern Siberia, already bottled up by Japan, is in the balance.

Your Health

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN

Yu UK body is a closely linked system of organs and tissues. Within the body the heart, the circulation of the blood, and the kidneys constitute a system. It is known as the cardiovascular renal system, and its normal functioning is absolutely vital to good health, A disturbance of any single part of this system is likely to be reflected in the other two parts. Thus a weakness of the heart will show itself in circulation of the blood and activity of the kidneys. A disturbance of elimination by the kidneys will show itself in the blood and in the action of the heart. The kidneys, by taking material out of the blood and eliminating it from the body, control the volume of the blood and its chemical composition. Therefore, it is exceedingly important that the kidneys be watched constantly. 000 IT has been estimated that, for the elimination of one-half quarts of fluid by the kidneys, more than sixty quarts pass through them. When there is chronic inflammation of the kidney, there is considerable interference with its function. Under these circumstances there may be collections of fluid in various portions of the body, bringing about the type of swelling called edema. There may also be headache, vomiting, dizziness, and other symptoms due to retaining of poisonous waste products. In treating such conditions the physician must first determine the character of the chronic inflammation. If the body is overflooded with water, he can not put too much water into the system. 000 IT is not desirable to sweat all patients or to give cathartics that are too active. The amount of salt that the patient takes must be carefully relegated in relationship to the condition of his blood. The collection of large amounts of fluid in the legs, the hands, and a swelling of the face may be taken as an indication that the heart is not functioning properly and it may be necessary to strengthen its action by giving proper drugs. It is thus obvious that a chronic inflammation of the kidneys represents a most delicate and serious condition. The taking of kidney cures out of bottles without relationship to the exact nature of the condition is trifling with the regulation of a most delicate organism on which life itself depends. Approximately 112,704.206,156 cigarets ware manufactured in the United States in 1933, a decrease of 8,000.000,000 from the 1931 production. * * * Cows which freshen in November are higher producers than those which freshen in July. * • • Native football teams in India use fakirs in their games; these fakirs work their spells on the opponents. * * • President Theodore Roosevelt preferred beer to other concoctions. * • * An egg, 9 1 a inches in circumference, was laid by a hen in England recently. • • • France has 392,500 miles of motoring roads. • m • United States trade with the far east increased $58,540,000 from the 1933 figure for the first five months of this year. • • Japanese women make themselves burial shrouds, which are first worn when they are married and then used at burial rites. • • • The world contains more than 3.000.000 lepers. The first ten months of the present fiscal year brought in $165,000,000 in federal gasoline taxes. • • • Hennepin explored the upper Mississippi river valley in 1680. • • • Beer still is brewed for its students by Queen’s college, Oxford university, England.

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William P. Simms