Indianapolis Times, Volume 46, Number 68, Indianapolis, Marion County, 30 July 1934 — Page 7

JULY 30, 1031.

ft Seems to He HEVKW BMIIN XTEW YORK, July 30 —The hero of the most popular novel ever written in America always ha* seemed to me to be a villain. I refer, of course, to Uncle Tom who had the cabin. Uncle Tom was pious. He was kind and he was faithful, but he never had the spirit of a gnat. Recently, I ' have heard complaints about individuals who feel that the world owes them a living and I have knowr those who banged a little too arrogantly upon the table and exclaimed. Where are those damn ravens?"

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Ileywood Broun

able function. Uncle Tom was pleased, or at any rate satisfied, with that estate to which it had pleased providence to call him. He basked in benevolence and felt that friendliness and kind words placed him under an obligation which he never could repay. And yet before hp died under distressful circumstances he paid in full heaped up and running over. His comparative comfort depended upon the warm whim of an individual. Uncle Tom was not smart enough to assert his hounden righ's. Like some of his imitators in the economic field he was inclined to say, "I'm entirely satisfied with things as they are. My master treats me very well. Thpre is nothing which I need or pine for. Whv should I organize and agitate myself in making demands. I have privileges and so I do not need to worry about rights.” a an The Hero—Simon Legree IJTTLE Eva died and went to heaven and Uncle .j Tom was sold down the river. Paternalism simply wasn't good enough as a protecting influence. Unfortunately, even bitter experience was not enough to teach Uncle Tom his lesson. To the day of his death he lived wrapped in the heresy that all his troubles lay in the fact that he came at last into the hands of a mean master instead of a kindly one. The author of the narrative made it a little difficult for her chief character because she, too, was touched by the heresy which betrayed him. Through the years Simon Legree has been accepted as the deep dark villain of "Uncle Toms Cabin." On many occasions I have seen the dramatic version of the novel and I must confess that I always have had a sneaking liking for Legree. There was. and is for that matter, a certain candor and frankness about the man. He never said. “This hurts me more than it does jou.” He did not pretend to be a liberal or a distant cousin of Lady Bountiful. I can understand his irritation at the peculiarly annoying personality of good old Uncle Tom. When anybody announces that he will continue to love you even though you thump the breath out of him his attitude does constitute a sort of challenge. I trust that in Simon Legree's place I would have behaved myself with better grace and virtue than he manifested. And yet I feel that on many occasions I would have b“en annoyed w'ith Uncle Tom if he persisted in being so outlandishly grateful for the mere privilege of hanging around without being kicked in the pants. u w u Seeded—An Agitator AN agitator could have done a great deal for . Uncle Tom. particularly in the days when he was being killed slowly with kindness. His famous utterance to Legree which goes, as nearly as I can remember. "You may own my body, but my soul belongs to God." was spoken much too late in life. He should have flung that into the teeth of his kindly master. It was not the lashes of Legree. but the pats on the head from the first plantation owner which ruined both the soul and stamina of Uncle Tom. When he was the chief pal of Little Eva he had ample opportunity to escape and make a break for freedom. In those days Uncle Tom could have gone across the ice without benefit of bloodhounds. He failed to assert his rights because he felt that he did not need them. Thus us ? dangerous practice and a fatal philosophy. It ls always a mistake to let your rights slide until they are in jeopardy. If anybody waits until that eleventh hour he is likely to find himself frustrated and beaten back. If you fail to exercise a right it atrophies. I have known men to say. “Whv should I get hot and bothered about free speech? At present there is nothing about which I wish to complain.” To him it should be said. “The time will come, Oscar, it will.” Indeed. I feel so strongly about the matter that I am willing to say that the stone gained by demand graces the free mans table better than the bread of benevolence. iCoottilht. 1914. bv The Timesl

Today s Science BY DAVID DIETZ

THE ether. the Einstein theory and Dr. Dayton C. I Miller of Cleveland are back in the scientific headlines this week. Cables from Paris are responsible. Professor Emanuel Carvallo. on the basis of experiments made bv Dr. Ernest Esclangon. director of the Pans observatory, says that the ether exists, that the Einstein theorv is wrong, and that Prof. Millers experiments with the interferometer are correct. The Einstein theory, as many readers know, owes its origin to the famous Michelson-Morley experiment. first performed by the late Dr. A. A. Michelson. the 'high priest of light." and the late Dr. Edwin W Morley on a hill in Cleveland Heights, O. The year was 1887. Michelson and Morley. by comparing the speed of light in different directions, sought to measure the speed of the earth through the ether of space. It was assumed in those days that all of space was pervaded by a medium known as the ether upon which light and radio waves traveled. mam IN 1905. Professor Einstein offered his famous theory of relativity as an explanation of the Michelson-Morley experiment. In the same year he also published his paper on the quantum theory- according to which light consisted not of waves, but of little bullets or packages of energy. Between the two theories, the relativity theory and the quantum theorv-. there was no longer any need for the ether and most scientists gave up this nineteenth century notion. But while the world of science in general accepted Einstein's pronouncements. Dr. Dayton C. Miller of Case School of Applied Science was never satisfied with Einsteins interpretation of the MichelsonMorley experiment. Dr. Miller repeated the experiment with Morley in 1906. Subsequently, after Morley's death, and when the world-wide interest in the Einstein theory arose after the World war. he began anew series of tests with the interferometer. Between 1921 and 1931 he made a long senes of exhaustive tests. m m a THE magnitude of the effect measured by Dr. Miller is too small, however, to account for the morion of the earth around the sun. If. however, it is assumed that the earth drags the ether with it to a certain extent, the results which he gets can be explained as a motion of the entire solar system through space at a velocity of about 200 miles a second. Asa result of these claims of Dr. Miller, other scientists have undertaken to repeat the expenment. These include Dr. Kennedy in Dr. Millikan's laboratory at California Institute of Technology, a number of astronomers at the Mt. Wilson observatory. Dr. Piccard of stratosphere fame, and Joos of Jena. All of these experimenters reported results in agreement with Einstein and in disagreement with Miller.

Yet on the whole, I must prefer this attitude as against that of the folk who curtsy for every crust. It has been said that it is an evil thing to hand a stone to those who cry for bread. I will go further and maintain that it is insufficient to say. Here is your loaf.” Man ought to be better than his needs or even his ambitions. Possibly the most useful type of good American is the man angrily referred to as an agitator. And he will be very wrong indeed if he tries to deny the impeachment because it is an accurate word for a most honor-

ROOSEVELT AND THE NORTHWEST

President Will Visit Huge Dams Rising to Chain Columbia River

This i thr first of four ilnrira on lb* pnwrr, Irritation and navitation pmJrrU of the northwest. whirh are to he inspected by President Rooaerelt on hhi war hark to W**hin*tnn from hia Hawaiian raration. There treat dam* are to ereate new “inland empire*" comparable to tho*e in the Tenne**ee and Colorado valle._ Soeeeedint stories will tell of the Grand Coulee. Ft. Peek and Upper Mississippi projects. ana BY WILLIS THORNTON XEA Service Staff Writer. PORTLAND. Ore., July 30—When President Roosevelt lands here on his way back to Washington he will enter the gateway of anew domain to be created by the government's plans to put the%Columbia river to work. The two huge dams being built to harness the Columbia at Bonneville and the Grand Coulee are well under way. But they are only a part of the general plan to develop the entire Columbia river basin with a series of other dams, navigation and irrigation projects that will virtually create anew empire on a par with those rising in the Tennessee and Colorado valleys. Sine the coming of the white man. the Columbia has been known and used as a mighty avenue leading from the sea far into the interior of the northwest. But it has never been put to work, either for navigation. power, or irrigation, to realize anything like its possibilities. The Columbia rises in the high mountains of British Columbia, and then, turning southward, enters the United States to drain most of Oregon. Washington, Idaho, and through tributaries, western Montana. Turning westward it cuts through both the Sierra Nevada and coast ranges, and winds through the vast plain between those mountain chains.

In cutting through the mountains, the great river develops steep rapids which have always been one of the great potential sources of electric power in the country. Now it is to be developed, navigation extended as far up as the Snake river, and a promise of irrigation brought to nearly 2.000.000 acres of now' arid and unproductive land When the cruiser Houston has wound its way up 100 miles of the lower Columbia, the presidential party will sight Portland, largest fresh-water harbor on the west coast, nestling below Mt. Hood on the Willamette river where it enters the Columbia. And the President will realize that the making of that river channel and the building of this fresh-water port is a triumph of planning and determination such as he now hopes to repeat and extend farther up the river by the new dams. a a a THE lower Columbia once had only a narrow, shallow channel of shifting sandbars, and navigation was hazardous and difficult. Now, by extensive planning and public works, the channel is fixed and deep, and the port has ample docking facilities for the great trade in grain and lumber that takes ship here direct for Liverpool and the ocean ports of all the world. Forty miles up the Columbia above Portland, the foundations of the Bonneville dam are completed. and the seventy-two-foot structure is beginning to rise. Crags half a mile high tower above the construction camps on either side. Upstream is the roar of Cascade rapids, soon to be stilled forever by the rising waters behind the dam. Back of the cliffs

. The DAILY WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND By Drew Pearson and Robert S. Allen

WASHINGTON. July 30 —Only a handful of people know it. but the President himself was solely responsible for devising the plan to build a shelter belt of trees 100 miles wide and 1.000 miles long from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico. The genesis of the plan came on a hot July day during his campaign tour. A train wreck was the cause. It detained him on the prairies of Montana for three hours. The day was sweltering. The heat was aggravated by the lack of vegetation, killed by copper-smelting fumes. Roosevelt didn't say anything about his idea at the time, but shortly after he entered the White House he asked rather casually of members of the forest service: ' How much would it cost to reforest the American desert?”

The forest service took the American desert to mean New Mexico. Arizona and Nevada, and didn’t pay much attention to the idea. They figured the task was beyond human accomplishment. b a BUT in July of last year Roosevelt was conferring with them regarding the growing of seedlings in forestry nurseries, and he raised the question again. Then it developed that he was thinking of the Montana train wreck and the arid wastes from that area south to the Gulf of Mexico. Forest officials replied that it would be impossible to plant trees from Montana south because of the Rocky mountains, but that a column of trees could be planted through the Dakotas. Nebraska, Kansas to the gulf. So they made an estimate on that. The cost, thev found, was prohibitive. But Roosevelt would not abandon the project. “This is my baby.” he told members of the forest service. And he showed that he meant it. Tree experts were amazed at his knowlegde. They found that he had planted many trees with his own hands on his mother's Hyde Park estate before his illness. Finally Roosevelt worked out a plan for a strip of trees 100 feet wide reaching from Canada to th gulf, then an open space one mile wide, then another 100 feet of trees, then another open mile, and so on for ’OO miles. This was cheaper than a solid 100-mile column of trees and accomplished the same end. BBS THE result, weather experts told him. would not be more rain, for trees do not make rain. But the trees will hold snow and rain, decrease evaporation, let moisture sink in. Also they will break the high winds that strip the surface of the soil like frosting off a cake. This is the reason the trees at the western margin of the shelter-break will be smaller. rising to larger heights toward thp middle. All this was worked out last summer. Then the President, absorbed with other things, postponed action. But one year later—May 11— with a terrific dust storm sweeping the country and clouding tne sun from the White House. Roosevelt took up the idea again. “We'll get the money from PWA.” the President said. This time it looked as if the plan would go through. BBS BUT there was one small hitch. Roosevelt told his plans to an official of the American Tree Association. But he cautioned: "No publicity, i don’t want any one to kidnap my baby.”

rises the majestic ever-white cone of Mt. Hood, 11.000 feet tall. Ships w'ill sail over the submerged rapids, and pass the new dam by means of locks. Even the salmon which work their way up the river each year by leaping up the falls and rapids will be provided a “fish ladder” by which they can pass the dam. Two railroads and tw’o highways must be moved from territory that will be under water. non THE $11,000,000 just allotted by Public Works Administrator Ickes to the job should bring it close to completion. Work started last yea -with an original allotment of $20,000,000. The dam itself and six units of the powerhouse are being built with PWA funds, but other power units may be added later if needed. Fifteen hundred men are now at work on the preliminary w'ork at Bonneville. When the dam rises to its full height of seventy-tw-o feet it will create a huge lake behind it nnd make slack water as far up the river as the Dallas and Celilo falls, sixty miles upstream. When the power units are all installed they should produce 450,000 kilowatt hours of electricity, or 600,-000-horse power. nan THE plans for the Bonneville dam project were drawn by army engineers, who have been studying for years the latent possibilities of the Columbia river. Navigation as far up as the Snake river will be assured by the Bonneville dam, and locks to permit river and perhaps even ocean steamers to pass are being provided. At least three more dams between the Bonneville site and the Grand Coulee are projected for

However, someone broke the story. And Roosevelt, as frequently happens with premature publicity, was peeved. He said nothing more to the Forest Service. This was in June. The first of July came. Forest officials Expected an executive order before Roosevelt sailed to the Caribbean. They sat with pretty colored picture’s of trees on carefully planned maps, waiting for the money. No word came from the White House or the Cruiser Houston. Finally, Secretary Wallace wired Roosevelt at Panama urging immediate action. The drought, he said, was growing worse. There should be no delay in starting this year's planting. So last week the President wirelessed authority to expend $10,000,000 on immediate planting of his long-planned shelter belt.

9, ADRIFT 5 DAYS, SAFE AFTER WRECK Survivors of Sea Tragedy Nearly Famished. By United Press HALIFAX. N. S., July 30.—Nine men of the fishing schooner Astrid W.. given up as dead, were under treatment on the Cape Breton coast today after being adrift five days in two small dories. The Astrid was destroyed in an explosion. The crew took to boats. Six were picked up by the Danish steamer Alssund Friday. Captain Walter Crouse and the other eight men were believed lost. But they j had rowed steadily through storms for the coast all through the week, with almost no food and little water. They reached the shore yesterday so exhausted that they had to be lifted from the boats. CITY VETERAN HONORED Distinguished Sendee During World War Is Rewarded. Medal and insignia of the Order of the Purple Heart have been awarded to Arthur K. Group. 1501 North Tuxedo street, for distinguished service with the American army during the World war. Mr. Group was a corporal in Company D, Ninth United States infantry, Second division, when he and a companion volunteered to attack a machine gun nest with hand grenades. The companion was killed and Mr. Group was injured seven times before he was able to toss two grenades into the enemy nest.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

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some time in the future, to make up a complete system of river control and use like that visioned for the Tennessee valley. Here, too, development of cheap electric power is expected to bring industries to the valley, and to open up anew- era of farm life by bringing electricity to the country. ana IN the plains between the mountain ranges are thousands of acres of rich volcanic soil, but which are useless for farming because of lack of water. With controlled irrigation it can be made most fertile and productive and can be put under cultivation to replace the huge tracts of poor land that are being bought up by the government and retired from farming. The President’s visit to Portland to inspect the Bonneville project has a peculiar significance because of the fact that it w-as here that he made his campaign speech on electric pow'er and river development. Now he will see w'ith his own eyes the actual building of the projects he w T as planning and visioning even before his election. NEXT—The Grand Coulee, vast power and irrigation project that aims to create a garden spot where rich, thirsty soil now cries for water.

DALL DIVORCE SETFOR TODAY President’s Daughter Will Receive Decree in Nevada Court. By United Press RENO, Nev., July 30.—A divorce will be granted Mrs. Curtis Dali, daughter of President Roosevelt, at Minden today in a secret court hearing. It was at Minden that Mrs. Dali's brother, Elliott, obtained his divorce last year. The complaint will charge “mental cruelty based on incompatible marital relations.” Mr. Dali, New’ York and Chicago broker, will not contest the case. Property rights and custody of the Dalis’ two children have been settled in a mutual agreement, it was reported. It was learned that Mrs. Dali will have custody of the children. Sistie and Buzzie, but Mr. Dali will be privileged to visit them. In the Air Weather conditions at 9 a. m.: West northwest wind, 11 miles an barometric pressure, 29.82 at _-a level; temperature, 77; general conditions, clear; ceiling unlimited; visibility, 7 miles.

SIDE GLANCES

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“Look at her.pretending she doesn’t know any of these old songs.”

Above—Cofferdams at the point between wooded mountains where a huge powerhouse will rise at Bonneville Dam . . . and begin putting to work one of the great rivers of the world. Below—A sheet of foam rises as a dynamite blast tears the Cascade Rapids above Bonneville Dam . . . rapids that will be submerged forever when the waters rise behind the new dam.

THE NATIONAL ROUNDUP a a a a a a By Ruth Finney

WASHINGTON, July 30.—Mathematical sums in seven figures may decide the fall elections. Republican campaigners are stressing the “vast” expenditures of the Roosevelt administration as their major issue and asking “Who'll pay the bills?” Democrats are answering “What bills?” and pointing to the fact that the administration actually has spent much less than it first proposed spending President Roosevelt told congress a year and a half ago that he planned to spend $7,500,000,000 for recovery in 1934 in addition to the cost of running the government

When the 1934 fiscal year ended June 30, the President had spent just $4,283,315,470. Total emergency spending from the time the RFC act was passed in the Hoover administration amounted to $6,452,846,304. And of this sum—a, point the Democrats are stressing particularly—s3,ssß,sl6,lß9 represents loans which collateral or assets have been placed. Railroads, banks and homeowners borrowed most of this money and unless they become bankrupt, taxpayers never will have to worry about it. The government receives more interest from these borrowers than it pays to its bondholders. The RFC ended the fiscal year with a net profit of $21,734,386. B B B About $2,800,000,000 of the emergency fund will have to be paid off by taxpayers some time. This is less than the amount of revenues collected in the last fiscal year. It represents money

By George Clark

spent through the Federal Emergency Relief Administration for feeding the destitute, money paid out by Public Works Administration for federal construction and for grants to states, and money paid to farmers by Agricultural Adjustment Administration. This last comes from processing taxes. Emergency expenditures proposed for the present fiscal year, including half a billion dollars for drought relief not a part of the original recovery program and a billion and a half of public works money not spent in 1934, apparently will be between three and four billion dollars. In only seven states have the residents paid more in federal taxes than the amounts spent in their borders for emergency purposes. The seven are Rhode Island, New York, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, Illinois and Kentucky, and in all of them tax receipts are higher than their population would indicate. So many corporations have their official place of business in New York or Delaware that corporation receipts are abnormally high in those states, just as a disproportionate share of the tobacco tax is paid in North Carolina, Virginia and Kentucky. Poor states of the west and south have benefited by this method of redistributing wealth. B B B ADVANCES for hunger relief a)'Be have amounted to sl3 per capita for the country as a a whole. The genera! impression that eastern manufacturing states have received most of this money is not borne out by detailed figures. South Dakota received most, in proportion to its population, with Florida, North Dakota, District of Columbia, Nevada, Arizona, Montana and Idaho close behind. Twenty-one states received less than the national average per capita, including most of the New England group. New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Nebraska. Kansas, lowa, Virginia, Georgia and North Carolina. Public works grants and federal expenditures have averaged $19.76 per capita for the whole country and twenty-two states have gotten more than this average. Nevada's per capita in 1934 was $282.53 and Wyoming's slOl. YOUTH HELD~IFHOLDUP City Prisoner Alleged to Have Confessed Robbery. By United Pres* BLOOMINGTON, Ind* July 30 Robbery of a filling station at Amity was said to be solved today with a purported confession from Harvey Foust, 32, Indianapolis. Marvin Roach. 27, and Chester Carson, 22, both of Indianapolis, were named by Foust as his accomplices, police asserted.

Few Enough ' MM MB NEW YORK. July 30.—The rumors of war in Europe probably will start a lot of nimble, footloose young American newspaper reporters for the other side of the water with aspirations to become war correspondents, or cane-wearing international journalists in the capitals of the countries involved. This is a good line of work for a young fellow in the business and the younger he is. down to the age of perhaps 22, the more suitable he will be for the jobs as they develop if the war develops. Far be it from

me to contribute to the stranding of any young Americans in foreign lands, but in the scramble for newspaper jobs it is a good thing to be hanging around at the point where a journeyman is needed. F. O. B. that place. Many young reporters who served the American papers and news services in the war to end war caught on because they happened to be at the rat hole at the psychological moment. It took time to send a picked man over from New York and it took selection and expense, too. Then the pick might turn out to be a

flop or a young souse or just too full of the Richard Harding Davis idea to be of any use on the night-cable trick in a moldy office up an alley. So they would have to ship him home again or can him where he sat in which latter case he might join up with one of the armies snd go out and get his bellyful of glamour. The night-cable trick is a gloomy form of disenchantment to a young reporter who is crowded to the pores with the Richard Harding Davis idea, He had fancied himself standing on a bit of rise, amid shot and shell, a jaunty figure in his britches and boots, scanning the field through an expensive pair of binoculars as big as a couple of imperial quarts. And, then he puts down his bag in the office in London or Paris, and says, “At your service, sire.” to the head correspondent, who greets him kindly and says, “Your trick will be from 10 p. m. to 7 a. m , and don’t forget to shovel some coal in the grate before you knock off because the rest of us come on at 9 and it gets cold if the fire goes out.” a a a The Old Ones Take It Easy THE office is up an alley, as I have implied, in a building w'hich w r as put up in the middle-ages and used to be a prison and it is no great wonder that a young fellow with the Richard Harding Davis idea gets the jeebies after a few w'eeks of the night trick and goes A. W. O. L. to get cock-eyed. Newspaper business on the other side pays off to a large extent on experience, excitement and opportunity and many of the older correspondents who covered the fronts and the capitals so well in the war to end w'ar will be content to occupy themselves with heavy thinking in Washington or New York. That is the w'ay it goes. The old sport reporters similarly prefer to avoid the rigors of active coverage and write their memoirs and their reflections on the meaning of it all. going out in person only when the big championships are up for competition. During the war*to end war, young cubs who had been swept out of various newspaper shops in the United States shipped to England and France in various accommodations. They went over as free lances, as chauffeurs in the flivver-ambulance fleets, as hostlers on the horse-transports and just any old way. Then, very often, when there was a chance for a young one to make himself useful in a modest way around a shop, there was your young reporter, available at a modest price. tt tt tt You're Got to Re Heeled IT is a good idea to go heeled w'ith SIOO and to remember that there may be no war after all and that even if there is a W'ar, the dice may fall acedeuce. In that case our subject is just another" American out of a job, but the worse off because he is in a foreign land. And any one w'ho ever has carried the banner in a foreign land will tell you that the moocher who scornfully throw's pennies in the street in the United States when the old lady drops them in his hand does not understand how very little it is possible for coins to be. It is a strange thing that the Scotsman came to be knowm as stingy. The Scotsman is a spendthrift by comparison. The reporting jobs in the big wars are not for great writers. Censorship, transmission, tolls and other restrictions put the waiting up to the man on the rew'rite desk on this side of the water. It is best for kids who do not have it on their minds to get home in time to sprinkle the hollyhocks or take the loving wife to the neighbors for bridge or the second show at the Orpheum theater. .Copyright, 1934. by United Feature Syndicate. Inc.)

Your Health “BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN™

NOWADAYS, if any one of your children is exposed to an infectious disease, like typhoid fever or diphtheria, he has a much greater chance of escaping it than heretofore, because doctors have developed means for specific prevention of such ailments. Basically, these methods are the production of an antitoxin, or substance which reacts against the poison that has accumulated in the body as a result of the infection. When there is danger of lockjaw, for example, the physician may inject one or two thousand units of antitoxin. In case lockjaw has already developed, very large doses of the antitoxin must be given. Some authorities recommend as many as 200,000 units injected directly into the blood, and repeated in from twelve to twenty-four hours. At the same time the victim may be given additional antitoxin by injection into the muscles, and in certain cases injections may be given directly into the spinal fluid. BBS ''HE germ that causes diphtheria also produces a JL poison which can be injected into a horse, causing the horse to produce antitoxin in its blood. More recently, it has been found possible, in the prevention of diphtheria, to stimulate the body of the human being to produce its own antisubstances. It would be dangerous, however, to inject the diphtheria poison directly into the human body. Therefore, the modern technic is to use a mixture of the toxin with antitoxin. This can be injected safely and will cause tne body to develop the antisubstances. Moreover, it has been found possible to devitalize the poison to some extent by adding antiseptic substances, such as formaldehyde. When this is done, the preparation is called toxoid. A still later method is the combination of the toxoid and the antitoxin. BBS FOR scarlet fever, there also are preparations of the toxin and the antitoxin, used in much the same manner as in diphtheria. Serums also have been developed for erysipelas and meningitis. In certain other forms of infectious diseases, as, for example, in measles and in infantile paralysis, it is customary to use the blood of a person who has recovered recently from the disease. A vaccine also is used in prevention, and sometimes in the treatment of disease. It consists of the dead bodies of the germs that cause the disease. Vaccines are used particularly in prevention of typhoid fever and whooping cough. The vaccines have not been found of great value in treatment of typhoid fever, but recently new vaccines developed for whoooing cough are found to have considerable value. Questions and Answers Q—Name the members of the federal trade commission. A—Charles H. March chairman; Garland S. Ferguson Jr., Edwin L. Davis, James M. Landis and George C. Mathews. Q—What is the source of the line; “From th® Rio Grande's waters to the icy lakes of Maine?” A—The poem, “Battle of Buena Vista,” by General Albert Pike.

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