Indianapolis Times, Volume 46, Number 63, Indianapolis, Marion County, 24 July 1934 — Page 9

JT’LY 21, 103 f

It Seems to Me HEWOOD BROUN I’ DO n ‘ war.’ to sc'vr. too top lofty and high- . hat but t nv. t confess that I never took any j v. great S.merf-* :n John Dilhnger dead or alive. | T department f j'.uice d:d a good workmanlike ng him down and if the complete det of t:.e f a-e r\r; ar* printed they should make li■•e r r • . / * admg R r I doubt if thase who found h.' r:> -rer glamor'. - : will be converted immediately b ’he manner of h.r ’aking off Jesse James, who a- I remen.uer -tied in somewhat similar nrcum- . gendar) figure in the balI if** n* k ij h la *id The |;> B-.ri dea’h of Diliinzer constituted a r.. • f :c;e*riow from the beginning Many

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lleywood Broun

l own importance. I quite agree that there was r ung exception, ! about the man but the agencies j him up a. a master criminal are a little iteful in the beiiulemcnta which they now lay b . ,e ins bier. ID i. not one whom the. community - ild delight to honor but at least some member of ne nev paper craft ought to pronounce this brief eulogy—' He was good copy." a a a ( Imptnan II as Slum man \ND yet even that s.mple statement ought to be . subject to reservation and explanation. It is nr contention that the fleeting notoriety which came *o John Dilhnger was almast wholly accidental, i One or two criminals have had an actual gift for : showman-hip Thev met the reporters half way by | fl r foi ■ If-di imatizatlon. lam think- ! m for instance of Gerald Chapman. His prison tv r while le > than inspired was at least literate and he seems from ail accounts, to have carried oir hi. execution with a high degree of theatrical | grace. j But in the case of Dillmger it was not so much j that he made the new-paper stories as that the new paper stone., made him. He reaped space where he had no' -own. For a time it was the custom to ,!><! . in any part of the country to Dilhnger. One of the victims would say that a cert a i mask* and man in the gang strongly suggested convict That would be enough to put. Dilhnger into another headline. Even the fanv r .tory of the estape with the wooden gun seen - to be spurious. Firearms were smuggled m j to the prisoner which is not a wholly unknown happening m American prison annals. mam .1 Capitalistic Plot? epitE color and contour of the times made Dilhnger J. new:- He was what the public wanted. One of nr ni > t radical friends suggested to me that John : Di,hn_ ; was a capitalistic plot." When I expressed | same bewilderment at this charge, he explained, p ri r t>c a besotted bourgeois fool as usual and pull sonit :hmg about no i mean that some Wall Street magnate tailed up a middle-western industrialist and suggested h:.t it would be a good thing to have an outlaw at large m order to distract people's minds from e< onomic problems. I mean nothing of the -or But I cio think that editors quite consciously have pi.r ed down laoor disputes and said to their sraffs. Give em some more Dilhnger this morning Thar will keep tnem quiet.'” I kn w a great many editors and very few of them are as smart as that. The average newspaper is not premeditated consciously to any groat degree. It reins from the unconscious. It has almost a dreamlike quality m the manner in which it represents the wish fulfillment of the man immediately m charge. Whenever a city editor writes a novel he reveals a great deal of his own personality, but day by day he r'veals just as much in his choice of what constitutes news and what docs not. a a a Dit linger Ha* the Answer I- HAVE heard high-minded veterans say that it ; . was their plan to print the facts and nothing but the facts. But the world is so full of a number of facts and near-facts and complete delusions that the personal equation can not be kept out. One i mans fact is another mans wild rumor. In this i sense every newspaper is a propaganda publication. And so maybe I am not in entire disagreement w oil mv radical friend. The time came when writers, editors and maybe some readers were surfeited w-.th politics and economics. There was an unconscious uree for a good crime story. And up tv pped John Dillineer. Perhaps at the mercy seat :t may be decided that this potter's misfit was marred to engage the nund of a nation not yet quite irad.v to face its really vital problems. I believe it is called being blasted for the sins of the people. Cor" richt 1934 hv The Timesi

Today s Science K\ DAVID DIETZ

\N NOUNCEMENT from Czechoslovakia of the - c. ovcry of a chemical clement heavier than uranium mav turn out to be the niggest scientific r ws of IP.'4 To date, science has been aware only 01 the cxi.-tencc of ninety-two chemical elements. No. 93. wh.' isolated by Dr. O. K '.-lie f. <r.i pitchblende, the material from u .11. h Pierre and Marie Curie isolated radium. Mama phvsicist. pondering over the atomic o.<\ .a> asked himself. Why should there be only r in \-two enema a! elements?'' There seemed to be n . sensible answer to the question and a half dozen irs ago or so Sir James Jeans suggested that ele- : uns litaurr than uranium. No. 82 m the atomic t : • might exist in the interiors of the stars. S.r James called th\>e supposed heavier atoms .in :d atoms " It was his notion that they were : o.- -,\e and that they provided the energy of the stars by their disintegration. B B B IMRST experimental proof of the possibility of an element heavier than uranium came from Italy tli the announcement of Professor Fernu that he ! succeeded m making element No. 93 by bomoarduig uranium with neutrons. Apparently seme of the neutrons were jammed i ■ the uranium atoms during the process, creating i mis which were heavier than those of uranium. P*ofes>or Firmi's creation was a synthetic No. 93. I- .-.toms, however, disintegrated in twelve mmutes. Dr Koblic. according to the announcement from C i. s’.oi.-.kia, has discovered a natural No. 93. To ri to i.e has is* lated 115 milligrams of it in the form of a yellow salt—enough to make about one pinch. In Dr. Kobiic's opinion, element No. 93 is more closelj related to No. 91. known as pro-actimum. than it is to uranium. He thinks it likely that the disintegration of No. 93 results m the formation of proto-actinium. . . . IT was the fac' that pitchblende proved more , . radio-active than uranium itself that caused the j Curies to begin -he search which resulted in the dismvery cf radium. It was obvious that pitchblende i must contain some subst? —e stronger than uranium. | The search resulted m " discovery of polonium. Then eventualh radium w uund The Curies had s .tun woik with a ton of pitchblende, presented to them by the Austrian |cvemment. From it they exiiae'rd fraction of a gram of radium Tne discovery of element No 93 comes time w ien scientists are familiar with all of the ninety- | •wo elements m the present atomic table, although there is still some discussion over the last two to be d.' overed. No. 85 and No. 8? These two elements, which have been named virginium and alabamme, were discovered by Dr. Fred Allison and hia coworkrrs at the Alabama Polytechnic Institute by the so-called magneto-optical method.

good causes languish because they c not find any ade- ] quate means in which to make known their needs and aims to I the general public. Dillinger had the freedom of the front page almost fr a the beginMi.g In fact, he became a figure :n world journalism. Acceding to the cables his death was big news in the streets of London. It is a little ironical, then, to read the various editorials in which it is said sagely that crime does not pay and that the dead Indiana farm boy was. after all, a stupid thug w.-;i an exaggerated sense of

ANNA DALL—THINKS FOR HERSELF

Social 'Polish 9 Acquired, She Made Her Debut as Farmerette!

Rorn and reared a gentlewoman, Anna Rooaeiralt—now Mr. Oall—refuted to lead the romplarent. often uneventful and abeltered life of a jirl of her portion. How ahe atruek out aa a vouthful tareeriat la dearribed in thia artirle. the aeeond of three written about the hi*h-pirited onlv daughter of the Preaident. BY MARY MARGARET M BRIDE MA Service Stiff Writer. \LTHOUGH she went to the . proper finishing schools, was taken to Europe for travel and polish studied etiquette and languages, made a debut, and in many ways led the life of other young girls of her age and class, Anna Roosevelt Dali gave promise early that she was not a stereotype product of the social mold. In the first place, from the time she was 5, she always said that she was going to be a farmer. The Roosevelt country home at Hyde Park on the Hudson with its hundreds of acres was her idea of the finest home on earth. She confided to her father when she was still a tiny girl that some day she was going to manage the farm and make it pay. It never had paid, of course. Gentlemen's farms don't. Everybody duly laughed when Anna made these bold announcements. but. in accordance with the family policy of letting each child think for himself, no effort was made to dissuade the little girl from her unique ambition. Perhaps, though, there was another reason for that. Everybody naturally supposed that it would die of itself as the girl grew older. But it did not. a a a ANOTHER interest, however, was added to it. Almost as soon as she could talk, Anna began going to political meetings with her father and by the time she reached her teens, she had pronounced views on public questions and could express them lucidly. Her father, seeing her bent, made a habit of talking to her about such matters, and her mother always was engaged in work for the civic or national good. Besides much of Anna's life was passed in Washington and Albany in the renter of officialdom. Before she was out of her teens.

TODAY and TOMORROW a a a a a a By Walter Lippmann

IN the issue of July 10 I ventured to challenge as grossly exaggerated and misleading Chairman Fletcher’s estimate of the cost" of the New Deal and to suggest that his figures had been taken uncritically from tables primed in the Congressional Record by Congressman Chester C. Bolton Mr. Bolton has defended his figures.

Since Mr. Boltons figures have been adopted officially by the Republican party for the congressional campaign they are important. I should like first to place on the record what Mr. Fletcher actually said about these figures: "Nor must we forget the staggering cost. The New Deal has cost to date seven billions. Congress has authorized the expenditure of at least $20,000,000,000 more . . . every dollar on both these budgets must be paid by the people of the United States or repudiated by the government.” I take this to mean and as being intended to mean that the Seventy-third congress has cost the taxpayers $27,000,000,000. Since it is demonstrated easily that the taxpayer is not called upon to pay $27,000,000,000 I called these figures false and misleading. m n n MR. BOLTON and I are at odds on two points. First, he charges up as the cost of the New Deal in 1934 all outlays by the government, wherein I maintain ia that expenditures which would have occurred under any administration are not properly costs of the New Deal, and tb> that outlays which are wing and will be recovered by the government and are no burden upon the taxpayer should not be held up to the taxpayer as sums he will have to make good. Second. Mr. Bolton, with some qualifications, but Mr. Fletcher, without any qualifications at all, treats as costs of the New Deal, to be met by the taxpayer, some $8,000,000,000 of contingent obligations, whereas I maintain that it is very misleading to treat this whole sum as a cost to the taxpayer. nan IN the year ending June 30 last the outlays of the government were about $7,000,000,000. Now whether or not this is to be called the cost of the New Deal is, in part, a matter of definition. But to my mind it does not seem fair to charge up to the new policies of this administration the service of the debt incurred during the war and the Hoover admims-ration: it does not seem fair to charge up the cost of the veterans under legislation passed before Mr. Roosevelt took office; it does not seem fair to charge up the cost of national defense: it does not seem fair to charge up salaries of the President and the cabinet, of the judges, of congress, of postmasters and federal employes who were there when Mr. Hoover left Washington. Expenditures of this sort have nothing to do with the New Deal or with the Roosevelt program. Yet these items, representing routine costs of the American government and its past obligations, alone account for about $2,500,000,■ 000 of the cost. n • • II7E come next to those outW lays which represent loans and investments bv the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Mr. Bolton treats them all as "expenditures," and Mr. Fletcher gave the public to understand that the taxpayer would have to meet them "If." says Mr. Bolton. "Mr. Lippmann would not cail taking such money out of the treasury of the United States an expenditure, just how would he classify it?” I should not classify it as an expenditure which the taxpayer had to cover if the taxpayer does not have to cover it. I should explain to the people that there

T** r. . llifgsliiitElllP [Hf" v , A' \ yVVwKIK WwVJ HH

At left you see Anna Roosevelt, the outdoor-loving girl of Hyde Park days, and, at right, the poised, modish Anna Roosevelt Dali, who is a familiar figure at present-day White House functions.

Anna had helped in political campaigns and was thoroughly at home on the platform. But she still said she wanted to be a farmer. And after her graduation from Miss Chapin's school, one of the most fashionable in the country, and a conventional debut, she actually enrolled in Cornell university for a shorthorn course in agriculture.

a difference between expenditure and investment. Mr. Bolton pretends to be giving the taxpayer a true picture of the financial position of the government. His method of drawing the picture is to count all outlays as expenditures and to say nothing about assets. This is like saying that John Jones “spent” a thousand dollars buying a Liberty bond. By that device I can prove that any bank or corporation in the world is profligate and bankrupt. Apply Mr. Bolton’s methods to the federal reserve banks. They have “expended” two billions in the purchase of securities. Mr. Bolton would say nothnig about the securities and w r ould thus convey the impression that the stockholders had to make good the two billion expenditure. Nowg this is precisely w r hat he has done with the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. That corporation has invested large sums of money. Mr. Bolton draws a veil over the assets it has acquired and inspires Mr. Fletcher to tell the public that there are no assets and that the taxpayer | must pay “every dollar.” a a a YET in July, for example, more money has come back to the Reconstruction Finance Corporation than it has paid out. and in the whole year ending June 30 the Reconstruction Finance Corporation made loans of $1,171,131,106.20 and received in repayment of loans $931,340,827.93. Some classes of borrowers, notably banks and railroads, actually repaid more in 1934 than they borrowed. Instead of giving the impression that the Reconstruction Finance Corporation is spending the taxpayers’ money like a drunken sailor, Mr. Fletcher and Mr. Bolton ought to be taking great satisfaction in it. For, after all. it was th creation of President Hoover and its record is vindicating his courage in creating it. The final point at issue between Mr. Bolton and myself is over the eight billions of contingent obligations. These were treated by Mr. Fletcher as authorized expenditure and even Mr. Bolton will have to admit that that was rather careless. Mr. Bolton’s argument is. in j substance, that these bonds which the government has guaranteed are probably going to be defaulted by the farmers and homeowners. He admits that the farmers and home-owners will repay j if prosperity returns, but he doubts that it will return and prophesies that before 1936 a Democratic congress will rush through a bill relieving the borrowers of all obligations. All I have to say about that is that Mr. Bolton and Mr. Fletcher did not say in their original statements that they : were basing these figures on a ! prophecy of what congress would I do two years hence. They gave me the impression that they were stating the facts as to what had happened and not indulging in conjectures about what is going to happen. They charged this congress with making these eight billions a cost which the taxpayer | must cover. Mr. Bolton now shifts I his ground and says that what he means is that the next congress will put this burden on the taxpayer. in view of all these things I am unable to retract my comment 1 that the figures Mr. Fletcher took from Mr. Bolton are false and misleading. iCopyrigbt, 133 M

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

Her classmates were boys and girls from dirt farms. Many never had been to college before. aaa THEY found Anna an agreeable girl who was as interested as they were in the chemistry of soils and the best kinds*of feed for cows and pigs. Nobody at Cornell who did not

CONTRACTS LET FOR BROAD RIPPLE HIGH Bids Totaling $66,000 for Alteration Accepted. Conti acts for the remodeling of Broad Ripple high school, were awarded yesterday noon at a special school board meeting. The contract for the general construction work was let to the Service i Construction Company w-ith a bid of j $31,859. Freyn Brothers obtained j the contract for heating and ventilation on a bid of $21,859. The board also awarded several minor contracts to bring the total remodeling cost up to $66,000. CHURCH SCHOOL OPENED BY STATE METHODISTS Indianapolis Pastor Is Dean of Annual Sessions. By Timex Special LAFAYETTE, Ind., July 24.—The annual summer school of religious i education of the northwest Indiana ; conference of the Methodist church opened at Battle Ground near here last night. Os the 164 registrations, fortyfive are in the adult division, fiftytw'o in the junior camp and sixtyseven in the intermediate camp. The Rev. H. J. Reiser of Indianapolis is dean. The sessions close Saturday. BANDIT IS IMPRISONED Hoosicr Gets 10-25-Year Term For Filling Station Robbery. Rw Times Special NEW ALBANY. Ind., July 24.—A cap pistol robbery today had j brought Frank Harbolt. 45, a 10-to--25-year sentence in the Indiana state prison. He pleaded guilty after he was identified as the bandit who held up Raymond White, filling station at - j tendant, and obtained $lB.

SIDE GLANCES

- ~‘~ r

“That’s the trouble with these American plan places, you always have to rush back for lunch.”

know beforehand, guessed that the lively girl had gone to finishing school or been guest of honor at a coming-out party in New York City's most exclusive club for women! She was thoroughly in earnest about her projected career and said vigorously that every woman should fit. herself for some work

.The.

DAILY WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND

By Drew Pearson and Robert S. Allen

WASHINGTON, July 24.—One and one make two—in strikes as well as in mathematics. Last Tuesday, at the height of the San Francisco general strike, the White House suddenly announced that Roosevelt had empowered Post-master-General Jim Farley to investigate ocean mail contracts and cancel or modify any he considered unwarranted. Two days later Big Jim, junketing leisurely about the far west with a pocket full of political speeches, abruptly galvanized into action and revealed he was going to the Golden Gate city as an “arbitrator.”

Two apparently unrelated incidents. But behind the sepnes they were parts of a very carefully considered secret strategy by means of which the administration hoped to bring industrial peace to the strife-torn west coast community. These are the facts on which this program is predicated. Fact No. 1. The postofficc department annually ladles out $26.000,000 in the form of ocean mail subsidies to American shipping lines. If this mail were transported on a poundage basis it would cost the government around $3,000,000. Fact No. 2. Every one of tfie six big shipping companies involved in the protracted maritime workers controversy which led to the general strike, is a heavy recipient of this lush government largess. Fact No. 3. Secretary Perkins, General Johnson and Assistant Secretary McGrady, chairman of the federal longshoreman's board, consider these companies basically responsible for the failure of a peace agreement. The government has power to crack down on these juicy contracts. The conclusion is obvious. a a a SAN FRANCISCO'S general strike has served to impress one lesson on New Deal labor authorities, namely, that local appointees, no matter how worthy, liberal and highly esteemed, do not make effective arbiters.

By George Clark

in the world. But the day came when she forgot her plans, forgot everything except one man. For once she did the expected. She fell in love and promised to marry Curtis Dali. They had the usual b:g wedding with the customary profusion of presents and settled down to a more or less conventional married life. Two children. Anna Eleanor and Curtis Roosevelt, were born to them. a a a T>UT before her little girl, nicknamed Sistie. was 2 years old, Anna had begun to miss the excitement of political meetings. She welcomed the chance to get back into harness and joined with Emily Smith, daughter of Governor Al, in an exciting state campaign the year after the Tea Pot Dome scandal broke. The Democrats made the scan-' rial one of their most telling issues and Emily and Anna drove all over New York in a roadster with an enormous teapot rigged up on the front. But making speeches w-as not enough for this active Roosevelt. She accepted the presidency of several clubs and agitated for the political education of all classes She went on committees and oftener headed them. a a a HER mother began to call upon her for help in various kinds of organization work. But even that was not enough to keep such ; an energetic person busy. She decided to go into business ; for herself and open a children's j party bureau. She was successful, too, but dropped that work to become assistant to her mother in the editing of a magazine for parents called ‘‘Babies. Just Babies." In the magazine office she read manuscripts, helped her mother select what was to be printed and was known affectionately around the place as Baby Dali. She gave up her editorial work only when the magazine suspended publication. Anri by that time, her family was ready to move to Washington. NEXT —Anna Dali as the “only daughter'’ in the nation's First I Family.

It all gets down to the old truism that “familiarity breeds contempt,” Experience has shown that these local selections, even when invested with the cloak of federal power, rarely do as well as outside officials. Personal relations, friendships, other factors of a similar character, are an intangible, but potent, bar to forceful and decisive action. Labor Secretary Perkins and Chairman Lloyd Garrison of the new labor adjustment board privately are agreed on thus fact. Asa result two important changes are destined: 1. In recommending future j members to federal arbitration ! bodies, Miss Perkins can be expected to avoid local selections as much as possible. 2. The system of regional labor boards, which the labor adjust- | ment board inherited from the liquidated national labor board, is to be overhauled. These regional agencies, made j up entirely of local appointees, have been a complete faliure in handling really serious labor disputes. Garrison’s plans for rcorganizI ing the system still are tentative. : But the proposal being given ! serious .consideration is that the I present boards be slashed to one | permanent member, to handle routine matters, with the membership to be expanded by the appointment of experienced federal officials in the event of a serious controversy. On the other hand, it is possible, that after further study the entire set-up may be junked. a tt a LITTLE, gray-haired Represen--1 tative George Terrell, who, despite the fact that he is a Texas Democrat, has consistently voted against the President's huge recovery expenditures, has decided not to run for re-election. But in shaking the dust of Washington, Terrell wants it known that he is not doing so be- i cause of fear. His one term on Capitol Hill j quenched his thirst for political 1 glory. And as for voting against ; the President's appropriations, in | Terrell’s opinion, he was acting in ; the best Texas tradition. To prove this he cites the case i of O. M. Roberts, one-time Governor of the Lone Star state. ; Roberts was bitterly assailed for j his rigid economizing. Finally a j delegation of irate state legislators called on him. "Governor,” they said, “you will send the state to hell by your niggardly policy.” "If the state goes to hell,” Roberts shot back, “she will go according to law and pay her way as she goes.” CooTrisht 1914 bv Unitfd Feature Syndicate, Inc.i child~swim¥ers hurt Boy. ", Suffers Gasn on Head in Fall Into Pool. Two children, seeking relief from the heat yesterday, were injured j at Ellengerger park swimming pool. | Laveme Tarrington. 7, of 1028 i Churchman avenue, supped and fell from the edge of the pool, suf- | sering a severe gash on the back of his head. Tony Maiad, 10, of 3547 Massachusetts avenue, was struck on the nose by a diver as he was swimming in the pool. Both were taken to city hospital.

Fdir Enough MB* not N r EW YORK. July 24—The group of American business men who are. sailing for Europe to establish the slot machine racket in Rumania were allowed to slip away without the formality which a mission as important as theirs deserved# The slot machine racket is typical of American life and is the flrSt racket ever exported to a for- . the Thompson guns begin to chatter in the suburbs of Bucharest and the police come upon prominent

native slot-machine magnates, sewed up in burlap sacks on the municipal dumps, Rumania and the U. S. A. may feel themselves drawn together in a beautiful understanding. It does seem, however, that the group ol American business men who will introduce the racket abroad should have been accompanied by some other missionaries. There is more to the slot machine trade than the mere distribution of the machines at selected points throughout, a city and the collection of the money. The mission should have included a

numerous group of American political bosses, prosecutors, captains of police, and country sheriffs to instruct the Rumanian officials in the parts which they naturally will have to play. a a a Try the American System LTNDER the American system, the most important man in the racket is not the journeyman hoodlum who buys the machine from the manufacturer and attends to the details of coercion, collection and execution. The indispensible man is the local political leader or the prosecutor. Next in importance are the police captains whose duty it is to regulate competition and advise the operators when to put the machines in the cellar in preparation for impending raids. The journeyman hoodlum represents unskilled labor. His occupational risks are great and he constantly is being knocked off, but he always is replaced easily. The knocking off of a political leader, prosecutor, police captain or sheriff practically is unheard of. however, and would constitute a great scandal, calling for something on the order of a sweeping probe. There are no better communities from which to draw such missionaries than Chicago. Saratoga, Miami and that district in the virtuous state of Indiana which lies just across the river from Louisville. Ky. These are places in which the slot machine racket has been regulated w-ith great efficiency and profit for years and if the Rumanians are pay ng this country the compliment of copying one of its finest institutions, they should, in courtesy, be given the benefit of expert American coaching. ana There's Trouble Coming THIS is not to insinuate that the public officials of Rumania are novices in the matter of rackets and graft of their own native types. They have an excellent reputation in this respect and doubtless would be quick students under American instruction in the peculiar problems which the slot-machine racket presents. But it would be a gracious gesture to teach them all the secrets which experience has revealed in this country and spare them the embarrassment which is bound to occur from time to time where the officials are just feeling their way along. There is just a possibility that the Rumanian people are civilized insufficiently to enjoy the slot machines. This distinctly American device is foi; highly sophisticated people. It makes its appeal to customers who are smart enough to realize that it gives them no chance but sufficiently sporting to keep on wasting their money anyway. The famous American pride figures in this peculiarity. The Rumanians are bright enough to realize almost at once that they can not win. But in that case they might lack the sporting spirit to keep on playing and the American business men might have to shootup the royal treasury to get back the price of their slot machine concession. The signs portend trouble in the Balkans. (Copyright. 1334, by United Feature Syndicate, Inc.)

Your Health “BY UK. MORRIS FISHBEIN

LET me advise you to hold your breath, and if this fails, then to gargle with a little water, and if the hiccups still continue tickle your nose with something and sneeze, and if you sneeze once or twice, even the most violent hiccup is sure to go.” Does this sound familiar to you? Well, it’s advice given by one Greek to another away back in the days of Plato, who lived about 490 years before the present Christian era. Yet many of us seem to reply on just about such treatment for the ordinary case of hiccups, although sometimes the difficulty can’t be subdued so easily. A hiccup is due to a spasm or constriction of the diaphragm, with closure of the valve which shuts off the breathing tubes from the throat. This valve is called the glottis. Tile diaphragm is a large muscular organ which divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. It is concerned with breathing. Ordinary, when you inhale, the motion ot the glottis is synchronized with the muscles of breathing so that the breathing takes place noiselessly. Anything disturbing the synchronization of this mechanism causes hiccups. a a a r pHERE are various causes t which disturb this mechanism. Anything which stimulates the phrenic nerve, which passes down thq, neck into the chest to control the action of the diaphragm, may bring about a hiccup. The overeating of highly reasoned very hot or very cold food, the taking of alcoholic beverages, or a sudden distention of the stomach w’lll set up stimuli to disturb the action of the diaphragm and bring about hiccups. Thus, hiccups frequently follow operations on the stomach and the intestines. Moreover, the centers in the brain from which the nerves ar.se may be disturbed by brain tumors or abscesses, by infections of the brain, by injuries, or by anything else that modifies the brain. The hiccups that sometimes take place with a patient under anesthesia probably are caused by some disturbance in the brain. a a a FINALLY, there are the kinds of hiccups that occur in infectious diseases and those which are associated apparently with nervousness, worry, anxiety, shock or accidents. The advice of the old Greek obviously was intended to control that type of hiccups which is primarily associated with nervous disorder. In cases caused by disturbance of the stomach and intestines, attention must be given to the condition of these organs. In the hiccups that develop after operation, its is sometimes advisable to have the stomach washed in order to get rid of any source of irritation. Sometimes a little brandy, ginger, peppermint, or similar substance helps to relieve hiccups resulting from stomach disturbance. In other cases, the inhaling of carbon dioxide, alternating with oxygen, such as is for resuscitating persons who have been asphyxiated, will help. Something similar may be accomplished by breathing into a paper bag and rebreathing the air that is breathed out. F. lally, in the most severe types of cases, an operaticn may be necessary, stopping impulses that go along the phrenic nerve. This, however, should be done only in the most persistent case and after all the ordinary remedies have failed.

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