Indianapolis Times, Volume 46, Number 45, Indianapolis, Marion County, 3 July 1934 — Page 5

JULY 3. 1934

It Seems to Me HEVNW BROUN DR DANIEL RUSSELL moderator of the Prestavtery ol New York, feels that President Roosevelt has brushed aside the provisions of the ( nstit ition "with a wave of the hand" and accordingly he has preached a sermon concerning this Slate 1 It might have been a more convincing address if the good gray doctor had indicated a somewhat greater familiarity with the document in question. Seemingly the consecrated clergyman take.- -he bill of rights like the Bible on faith alone For instance he told his congregation, “By the

stifling of initiative, and the regimenting of that which, among free men. ought to be subject to the law of supply and demand, we are losing far more than we gain.” I wish to point out to the embattled doctor that the law of supply and demand never has been affirmed by either legislative branch of the congress and that it Is no part of the organic structure of this democracy. And I will go further and contend that it Is an evil and a monstrous law which should play as small a part as possible in the life of civilized man. In fact, I think

igSppF P v (Til

llevuood Broun

it is less a law than an obstacle to be overcome by the ingenuity of man. Nature has set many other barriers in the path of human kind. They should be respected only to the e> ' they must be understood in order that we may through co-operative effort be able to break them down. Dame nature has been so severe a legislator that it is imperative that we should find way. and means to circumvent her. B B B Must Millions Perish? THERE u.-ed to be a saying, “You can’t cheat nature" Fortunately, that is not altogether true I rite the advance in aviation which has been carried on in defiance of the law of gravity. If it were expedient for us to obey each natural law. the Wright would have been gross heretics instead cf honored pioneers. It is quite true that nobody has yet suggested a way of repealing that harsh measure which would reduce all to the estate of Newton’s helpless apple, but sagacious men and brave ones have contrived means by which an undoubted trend may be mitigated. I will agree with Dr. Russell as to the existence and the powerful pull of the law of supply and demand. but I must add that unless we can find some way to i-rt around it. millions must perish. Surely it is a natural law more honored in the breach than in the observance. Unless tlu re is to be some easement through connivance. the starving will be called upon to work for no more than a crust of bread. In a world in which millions are idle, the prevailing wage will not even reach tiie point of hare subsistence if we are all to be left to the untender mercies of this economic axiom. Dr. Daniel Russell, moderator of the Presbytery of New York, seems to forget that the religion which , . . one of tbe chief weapons which man has embraced in order to protect himself against the severity of the dispensations by which less articulate animal, live and die. The law of supply and demand is inevitably bound up with the doctrine of the survival of the fittest. When Jesus walked in Palestine this philosophy had not vet found its Darwin or its Nietzsche. Yet, in a rough way. it had its spokesmen in the rulers of the Roman empire. They were faithful to the theory that the strong should inherit the earth and that the meek must make way for the power and the majesty of Caesar's legions. a a a What Will His Verdict He? JESUS preached his doctrine among the blind, the halt and the lame. He told a conquered people that their integrity remained unsullied. He spoke to a sick man who thereupon took up his bed and walked. He preached the power of the nonreslstant and in his train there followed slaves and other factions scorned and disinherited. To me it is ironical and strange that a prominent Christian minister should assail new economic trends because they war against the harsh law of the jungle. What verdict would Dr. Daniel Russell, moderator of the Presbytery of New York, have rendered if he had stood in the portico of Pilate’s palace on the morning of the trial? The law of supply and demand concerning which Dr. Russell has spoken with reverence is not the bill of rights of any free people, but the constitution of privilege and complete self-interest. The cave man never questioned its cogency. Even in the higher brackets of civilization the conquerors prescribed the sword for all captive folk who were without utility. But Dr. Daniel Russell may put his ear to the ground in any street or highway and he will not hear the tramp cf Caesar’s legions. I will not deny that even in our own homeland he may hear some echoes of that rhythm. Even from tiie pulpit there may sound the fanfare of the trumpets and the whir of the wings of imperial eagles. But listen just a little closer, doctor. From tl>‘ ends of the earth the sound is borne upon winds. The millions march. Man is on the move. The Miracle of Damascus has happened once again. A blinding light has opened eyes which could not see. The things which were immutable begin to take on the ruddy hues of dissolution. Get aboard, little chillun. and also good old reactionary Dr. Russell. Even the clergy can not check nor stay the coming of the kingdom. 'Copvneht. 1934, hr The Times)

Today s Science BY DAVID DIETZ

CLOTHING made of glass may be the next startling trick of the twentieth century chemist. An old proverb warns those who live in glass houses against throwing stones and it might seem that a glass suit would be even more of a handicap than a glass house. But glass cotton, glass silk, and glass wool are realities already. The leading producer of glass fiber, according to the industrial bulletin of Arthur D. Little. Inc., chemical engineers, is the Owens-Illinois Glass Company. This company entered the field originally on a by-product basis in order to fill in ofl-pcak periods, but now has found it necessary to equip anew p'...;.t for the production of glass fibers at Newark. O. Samples of glass cotton are to be had by visitors to the Chicago A Century of Progress fair at the glass ia>.iso of the Owens-Illinois Company. In physical appearance and “feel" it resembles ordinary bulk cotton. It is made of glass fibers an inch or two in length and averaging a ten-thousandth of an inch in thickness. So far, this glass cotton has been produced only in bulk form, it is believed, however, that it could be convert- and into yarns, felts and woven fabrics by the same process now applied to asbestos. a a a BOTH .'.ass cotton and glass wool are manufactured in the form of a loose tow in which the fibers are only a few inches long and much interlaced in at least two directions. Glass silk consists of fibers slightly larger in diameter than those of glass wool and of practically continuous length. In the manufacturing process, glass silk comes out as a series of parallel fibers. This would make it very easy to convert glass silk into yarns or fabrics. Glass w 00l is made in fibers of various dimensions ranging from a two-thousandth of an inch in diameter to about a two-hundredth of an inch. At the present time, glass wool finds its chief use as a heat insulator. It is completely fireproof and ver-min-proof. Processes have also been developed by w hich glass wool can be made mto felt pads or, when mixed with suitable binders, into self-supporting panels suitable for use in refrigerators, stoves and other devices. Another use for glass wool is in various devices for filtering air.

WHAT THE PRESIDENT WILL SEE

Roosevelt Will See Efficiency at Its Peak in Canal Zone Trip

Thf* i th* fourth of fire tori* on wht President Rooserelt will see as he Stops at American island possessions and Haiti, a* he passes through the Psnama canal, and as he visits Hawaii, destination of his long voyage. nan BY RODNEY DUTCHER Times-NEA Service Writer (Copyright, 1934. NEA Service, Inc.) WASHINGTON. July 3.—Franklin D. Roosevelt .will be the first President of the United States to sail through that great triumph of American engineering and government efficiency—the Panama canal. The other President Roosevelt, who started the big ditch twenty years ago, after "taking" the isthmus of Panama from Colombia, visited it once, years before its completion. A strip ten miles wide called the canal zone, running through the republic of Panama from ocean to ocean, marks the spot where American enthusiasm constructive and creative genius—facing disease, death, and discomfort in undeveloped tropical territory—realized this dream of centuries. Here government operates a great business project, successfully and profitably. , . ~ Here the ocean lanes of two hemispheres converge, bringing the ships of all nations with cargoes of goods from all the world. Last April the United States fleet of 110 vessels, dear to Roosevelts Heart passed through the canal in a forty-seven-hour continuous operation without a hitch. It will return from the Atlantic to the Pacific, via the canal, in November.

The canal is bouncing rapidly back from the depression. In April, 495 commercial ocean vessels passed through, compared with 370 in the same month for both 1932 and 1933. Tonnage in the last year has increased from eighteen to twenty-four millions and tolls from $19,500,000 to $23,500,000. In rase anybody should ask you, the canal Is fifty-one miles long, runs northwest and southeast, varies in width from 300 to 1,000 feet, and in depth from 42 to 85 feet. It has three miles of locks, built to allow ships to pass in opposite directions while being towed by electric locomotives. The Gatun locks of three steps are the biggest, built at Gatun dam across the Chagres river which causes Gatun lake, largest artificial lake in the world. 000 THE canal saves ships bound from New York to San Francisco 7,873 miles of a previous 13.135-mile trip. Alongside runs the governmentowned Panama railroad, from Panama City, Panama, to Colon, Panama, connecting on branch lines with military and naval stations. At one or both ends are govern-ment-owned oil and coal stores, drydocks, foundries, repair wharves, stores, ice plants, packing house, hotels, restaurants, hospitals and laundries. Most traffic runs from coast to coast of the United States and three-fourths of the tonnage goes from the Pacific to Atlantic. Flags of twenty-one nationalities went through last year, the ships which flew them carrying oil, cement, wheat, lumber, ore, nitrate, sugar, machinery, fruit, guano, copra cocoanut oil, or what have you, to and from Europe, the United States, South America and Australasia.

-The-

DAILY WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND

By Drew Pearson and Robert S. Allen WASHINGTON, July 3—The departure of the President may have lightened the work load for many around the White House, but for the secret service it means triple duty. For nearly a month the secret service prepared for the presidential exodus. . . . First step was to check every member of the crew of the cruiser Houston. This was necessitated when Roosevelt switched from the U. S. S. Indianapolis with a crew already checked. . . . The family, hobbies and background of each man were looked up, especially to see if there were any psychopathic tendencies. In advance of Roosevelt, squads of secret service men have been working in Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands and Panama. In each place every crank letter received at the White House for four or five yeais has been checked up. In some cases the sender is temporarily jailed. , Roosevelt has received his share of threatening letters, most of them from those who have been found insane. About sixty secret service men already are in Puerto Rico. When the President sailed, they boarded a revenue cutter and are dashing ahead of him to Panama—while he stops at the Virgin Islands.... This presidential cruise is straining the resources of the secret service more than any other in history—because Roosevelt is visiting so many places. . . . Almost every man from continental United States has been drawn off regular duty. And when it became known that Roosevelt would stop in Colombia, the personnel had to be expanded further.

The President's cruise quarters consist of three rooms—day cabin, bedroom and bath. A double bed, made of metal with mahogany finish, is in his bedroom In the cabin is a five-shelf bookcase filled with 300 books. It contains fifty volumes of detective stories. The admiral’s barge from which Roosevelt will fish has two swivel chairs mounted on either end. . . . William J. Shaw, because of his great angling record, was selected as “piscatory adviser.” What a responsibility! ... Anew band picked both from the Houston and Indianapolis is making the cruise. . . . The Houston was selected by the navy, not by Roosevelt, although he specified that he did not want to use the Indianapolis again for fear it might become known as the President’s flagship. ... He opposes favoritism in the navy.... The Houston was flagship of the Asiatic fleet during the Japanese bombardment of Shangnai. and has seen more actual fighting than any other modem vessel in the entire fleet. a a a THIS summer 400 college boys from Yale. Harvard. Northwestern. California and elsewhere are cruising on navy vessels, receiving instruction as members of the navy R. O. T. C. . . . Visitors to the Eiffel tower in Paris pay ten francs for a ride to the top. Visitors to the Washington monument ride free of charge. It will cost $500,000 to clean the Washington monument. ... In its drafting of the margin-fixing provision of the new stock market act, the federal reserve board was too clever for its own good. At its own instigation, administration of the margin's section of the bill was postponed from Sept. 1 to Oct. 1. . . . Now that it is law. the board has discovered that Oct. 1 is at the height of the congressional elections campaign, an extremely unpropitious time to set marginal requirements. If put at* a high level, business yells. If a moderate course is followed, the politicians are sure to roar. . . . The recently created post of undersecretary of agriculture is the only junior cabinet office that does not carry with it an official automobile. . . . One of the government's star ‘cipher code experts is a woman. Mrs. Elizabeth Smith Friedman. United States

PROTECTION of the canal is a vital section if navy 7 policy and at least $125,000,000 has been spent on fortfication and defense —part of a total $540,000,000 investment. Naval bases at Guantanamo and St. Thomas are designed to protect the approach. The canal zone is the fifteenth naval district, which Includes a naval air station, submarine base, torpedo depot, and marine barracks at Coco Solo. Each entrance has docks fitted for the largest battleships, with huge supplies of fuel oil and coal. 000 THE canal, the zone, and the railroad company are ruled by Governor Julian L. Schley—a son of Admiral Schley—under the war department. The zone, in effect is a military reservation. The army and navy have 11,000 men stationed there. More than 12.000 civilians operate the canal and its allied activities. With their families, they make up a zone population of about 42,000. Only canal employes reside in the zone, all in government housing. There is usually some minor dispute in progress between the United States and the Panama government, but zone lines are largely imaginary. Chief American towns merge with Panamanian cities—American Cristobal with Colon on the Atlantic side and the zone’s Ancon and Balboa with Panama City on the Pacific. 000 A CROSS-SECTION of the world, a hodgepodge cf races and types, is found in C lion. The capital of Panama City is more native. Early Spaniards, English buccaneers, Scotch settlers, French railroad and canal builders, Americans —all have left their descendants. The bazars on Panama soil are those of the near

coast guard. . . . She is the wife of Major William Friedman, United States army signal corps and an international code expert. Mrs. Friedman was her husband's assistant during the World war, helped decode secret military ciphers. a a a Applicants for loans under the new “Loans to Industry” act should not come to Washington with their requests. . . . Both the RFC and the federal reserve board, which were empowered to make such loans, will not accept direct applications. They must be submitted to regional and district offices, first receive their okay, before the Washington authorities will consider them. . . . Under the plumbing fixture code, dominated by three big manufacturers, Grade B products can be sold only abroad. They consist of slightly damaged goods, in the past were extensively used by small contractors. . . . Massachusetts’ Senator David I. Walsh, up for re-elec-tion this year, was the first Democrat sent to the senate from that state since the Civil war. . . . North Dakota's bald, lumbering Senator Lynn J. Frazier is not only a teetotaler, but objects to smoking on moral grounds. . . . Frazier, however, is a coffee devotee, consumes many cups daily. a a a Georgias witty Eugene r. Black is telling friends he will definitely retire as governor of the federal reserve board in early August. . . . Black has tried several times to quit, but on each occasion Roosevelt talked him into staying "a few more months.” . . . C. Hartley Grattan, a wellknown young radical economist and writer, is making a comprehensive study of unemployment relief operations for the federal emergency relief administration. The survey is to be used by Administrator Hopkins in formulating a program for a permanent relief organization. . . . Inside word about the NRA labor advisory board is that Dr. Leo Wolman, its absent-on-leave chairman, has been offered a professorship by Harvard, that he will accept. . . . Nevada's lean, pokerlaced Senator Key Pittman is an

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

f• - ' L, ' i Y: . * . ... . -Jvv'. -v

A monument to the great achievement of the United States in making the canal zone a model of sanitation is the Ancon hospital, shown above with auxiliary buildings, one of the sights which President Roosevelt will see on his voyage to Hawaii. At right, cleaving the placid waters of Gatun lake, the aircraft carrier Lexington passes through the canal.

east, far east, France, Germany, England, Spain, Panama, and the United States. Columbus visited Panama on his fourth and last voyage in 1502. Later, Balboa crossed the isthmus and search for a straits continued. A canal was first proposed in 1529, and Spaniards, French, British and Americans made surveys in A nsuing centuries. Frenchmen worked on it in the eighties and nineties. Treasures of Peru were borne across the isthmus toward Spain —or the pirates. Panama City became the first permanent European settlement in America in 1519. Sir Francis Drake engaged in some bloody fighting in Panama and his body was buried in Panama harbor. Sir Henry Morgan came with his buccaneers in the next century, crossed the isthmus and

ardent police dog fancier. On his estate near Washington he has five handsome specimens. When he is at home they follow him around in a pack. a a a WASHINGTON’S Senator Homer T. Bone was one member of congress who lost no time in shaking the dust of the capital from his feet. Although not up for election, the fighting liberal has a big scrap on his hands. ... He is author of the socalled “Bone bill” which, if ratified by a state referendum, will permit Washington cities that own their own light and power plants to sell current outside their corporate limits in competition with private companies. . . . The measure is being bitterly fought by the entire power industry. . . . Charles Rainwater is a member of the NRA code authority for the bottled soft drink industry. (Copyright. 1934. by United Feature Syndicate. Inc.' 70 OFFICERS CALLED Indiana Reserves Will Be Assigned to C. 31. T. C. Camps. Seventy Indiana reserve officers have been ordered to immediate duty in connection with opening of the Citizens Military Training Camp. They will receive physical examinations today at Ft. Benjamin Harrison and be detailed immediately. Camp commander is Colonel Oliver P. Robinson, former professor in military science and tactics at Indiana university and who has commanded four C. M. T. C. camps at Ft. Knox, Ky.

SIDE GLANCES

mb j i pr

“I know how you must feel, darling. You’d better go out again tomorrow and lower that score,”

mi nitfifmriiii ~ .. £/ ...... r lW F"Wg§||uql /a?

sacked Panama City. Panama won independence from Spain under Simon Bolivar, united with Colombia and stayed that way until she rebelled and seceded in 1903. 0 0 0 THEODORE ROOSEVELT recognized the new regime overnight and at once concluded negotiations for canal rights which he hadn’t been able to conclude with Colombia, The “big job” began in 1904,

TODAY and TOMORROW 000 000 By Walter Lippmann

THE distant observer, seeking to understand what is going on in Germany, knows that an immense historical drama is being enacted. But even the best correspondents on the spot are working against an iron censorship within Germany and an incessant propaganda. They themselves have been the first to say that there is as yet no account which makes sense of the bloody business over the week-end. For example, how does one square the statement Os Goebbels, the minister of propaganda, that the mutinous storm troopers were already in the streets and about to strike with his account of how Hitler found their leader, Roehm, in the midst of a sexual orgy? Or with the fact that the leader of the Berlin storm troopers who was killed was in Bremen, about to leave on a holiday cruise?

But it is clear enough that law and order as civilized men understand them do not now prevail in Germany. The only fundamental law, as the Nazis themselves announce, is the will of Hitler. His method is one of arbitrary violence. These scores of men have been killed without the pretense of a trial, and with exultation on the part of the official propagandist as to how “merciless” his leader has shown himself to be. Nothing like this disregard for the forms of law has been known in western Europe for several centuries. a a a TT7HAT is the prospect for Ger- ’ many? It is impossible to say. For while impassioned and arbitrary men are in movement the immediate course of events is at the mercy of irrational incidents. But it is possible to fix in

By George Clark

with Colonel George W. Goethals in charge, and the first ship passed through in 1914. A great sanitation campaign wiped out yellow fever, bubonic plague, cholera, smallpox and malaria. In 1930 came a big drought which reduced Gatun lake and caused a serious water shortage. So we have been building the $4,500,000 Madden dam on the Chagres to store water and act as a feeder. Next—The Hawaiian Islands.

one’s mind the essential problem of Germany and feel confident that in the long run the longterm elements will determine the conditions under which the revolution will proceed. Germany is a country of poor resources, and an enormously gifted and industrious population. It lives by importing raw materials and exporting finished goods. In the long peace which prevailed from 1871 to 1914, Germany grew rich and powerful, and her people became accustomed to the highest standard of life on the continent of Europe. Germany sold things that a prosperous world was glad to have. But they were not things which the would could not do without. The world, for example, has to take American cotton, Australian wool and some food from the food-producing countries. But Germany’s chief products are in the main not necessities; there is a strong demand for them only under conditions of rising prosperity throughout the world. a a a lITHEN the international posi- ’ ™ tion is bad, as it has been since 1929, it is impossible for Germany to maintain the standard of life to which her people are accustomed. Since 1929, therefore, in the absence of a miraculous worldwide recovery, the basic question in Germany has been the inevitable lowering of the standard of life. The Nazi movement represents several different and contradictory reactions to the fact that Germany can not under existing conditions maintain her normal level of well-being. The radical left of the Nazis are small people who in effect hope to make the richer classes pay for the contraction of the national income. The conservative right is composed of people who looked upon Hitler as the man to save them from the Bolshevizing tendencies of the workers and peasants. The sum and substance of the matter is that Germany is poorer and that there is a desperate struggle of classes as to how a smaller national income is to be distributed. By the Nazis’ unbridled denunciation of the existing European settlement and its out-spoken contempt for the processes of reason and law it first made impossible any political settlement in Europe and then raised against Germany a great coalition of armed states. The German predicament is insoluble by force. Hitler can not restore the German position by violence. He can not make trade move by heroic attitudes. .(Copyright, 19344

Fdir Enough niiiwi THERE is one great flaw in the government's ambition to establish the American people in nice, individual homes where the green grass grows all around, it will be practically impossible to keep out the riff-raff and any real estate agent who has dealt in such properties will tell you that the American citizen is quite particular about this. The American citizen is very democratic and all that, but he does not wish to live in the same block with socially undesirable families whose presence lowers the tone of the neighborhood and depresses .roperThe word elusive" is one of the favorite ' adjectives of the real estate 7 ’ dealer and, though it has tIR many grades of meaning, it ' K generally tries to mean that “ ! the riff-raff is rigorously exeluded. \yV There are many grades of *, i riff-raff, an element which considers itself exclusive in . y J one subdivision is likely to be 1 iV^ regarded as riff-raff by the .V/dj inhabitants of the English- _ brick or Spanish-stucco col- : ■ —— - only a little farther up the hill Westbrook Pegler or closer to the lake, and this one, in turn, will be looked down upon as the veriest trash by the SIO,OOO-a-year families whose half-acre plots include a toe-hold on the beach and automatic membership in the refined and exclusive Community bath and Tennis Club. Even in Palm Beach, Fla., there is an element of riff-raff. They are able to look down upon elements of the population back in their home communities but their own intrusion on that tropic isle has occasioned serious unrest among the families who really belong. 000 Tsk! Tsk! These Undesirables! IN fact, Palm Beach is not at all what it was before every Tom, Dick and Harry began to make money and buy or build homes promiscuously. Naturally they attracted their relatives and friends and. tragic to say. Palm Beach nowadays is overrun with undesirables. One never knows who will buy up a home at a forced sale and move in, kit and kaboodle, but in the end one simply will be forced to give up and move away. By that time, the new element will have consolidated their position and will be holding meetings of their protective association to view with alarm the infiltration of anew riff-raff. Possibly, at some remote and unthinkable day, a family of foreigners will move into an abandoned hacienda by the name of Miramar or Aqua Vista and keep chickens and a pet cow in the back garden, or yard. There is always a house named Miramar and another named Aqua Vista in an exclusive colony on the shore. Mr. Roosevelt evinces an amusing ignorance of the social ambitions of his subjects when he suggests that the American family would enjoy to keep a cow on the family premises. The keeping of any useful live-stock on the family plot is a positive sign of social degradation. They could get an injunction or run you right out of almost any “desirable” community for maintaining a nuisance if you were to install chickens, to say nothing of a cow. 000 Everybody Keeps Moving! A KENNEL of setters, Pekingese or cockers would be different, provided they were thoroughbreds. And a stable of jumpers would be a social ornament to the community. A kennel or a stable is an expense and a luxury, however, and signifies that a member of the neighborhood is very wealthy and therefore desirable. Chickens or a cow or goat bespeak economy which in turn suggests poverty and thus constitute a plot on the reputation of the subdivision and a blow to the values of the neighboring homes. The trouble lies finally in the presumptuousness and push of the lower orders which will not keep their place, but constantly strive to crowd themselves into the presence of their betters. This push pushed some of the most exclusive old American families right out of the United States and over to France and England when the boom was going on. They were compelled to keep moving to stay ahead of the riff-raff which came up from the tenements to crowd them out of the kitchenettes and pursue them on to the suburbs, pursued in turn by other riff-raff who would not keep their place. It would be very nice, indeed, to establish the people in homes of their own under government supervision, but for the fact in the land of opportunity there is a little bit of Vanderbilt in the poorest toiler and Park avenue is the ultimate goal of the common man. (Copyright. 1934, by United Feature Syndicate. Inc.)

Your Health BY DR. MORRIS FISH HEIN ICE CREAM is one of the best foods you can have in summer. Yet it ranks second to milk among our dairy products as a cause of epidemics. To safeguard you against infection from this source, and enable you to enjoy this excellent food, health departments everywhere have set up standards of safety for ice cream. These standards prevent the sale of misbranded products and make certain that ice cream improperly prepared will not cause epidemic disease. That there is great danger to your health from this source is shown by the fact that, from 1909 to 1927, the United States public health service reported thirty-two epidemics believed to have been caused by contaminated ice cream. Ingredients of ice cream include cream, mils, condensed milk, skimmed milk, gelatin, and similar substances. All these should be of known quality as to nature and number of bacteria that they contain. Only products that are of very low bacterial count should be permitted in making ice cream. a a a ALL equipment used in manufacturing of ice cream, including cans, pipes, pasteurizing apparatus, and so on, should be thoroughly washed and sterilized before use. After the ice cream has been made and pasteurized, it is still possible for germs to get into it. Usually nuts, fruits, colors, and flavoring materials are added after the product has been mixed and pasteurized. It is necessary to be certain that such added ingredients are free from large numbers of germs. The persons who handle the ice cream should be cautioned as to the danger of contaminating this food. If they have sore throats or colds, or if their hands are likely to be contaminated with bacteria in any way, they should be relieved temporarily from work. a a a ALL examinations usually given to food handlers must be given to those who make and handle ice cream. Clean garments should be especially reserved for ■working hours. It is well known that germs can live a long time even under very cold conditions, so that keeping ice cream in a frozen condition for a.considerable length of time is no guaranty that it will be safe from the point of view of dangerous germs. In the large cities there usually are regulations which control manufacture and distribution of ice cream. Nowadays most ice cream is distributed in sealed packages rather than in bulk. You should make certain that the sealed package has not been tampered with in any way before it reaches you.

Questions and Answers

Q —Give the derivation and original meaning of sophistication. A—The word is from the Greek "sophist," a paid teacher of philosophy; or a reasoner willing to avail himself of fallacies that will help his case The adjective sophisticated in modem usage generally means ‘‘worldly wise.” Q —Who wrote the novel, "The Keeper of the Door”? A—Ethel M. Dell.

PAGE 5