Indianapolis Times, Volume 46, Number 20, Indianapolis, Marion County, 4 June 1934 — Page 9

h fcnin to Me heywmm PLEASE overlook my altitude. I’ve been up in a plane. Os course the Wrights did that somewhat earlier, and Lindbdfrgh and Chamberlin and a few others have flown farther, but just the same the saga of how they carried Broun from Indianapolis to Newark in the morning deserves a place in the annals of the industry. It was I who said, “Never under any circumstances will you see me flying.’’ And I made good my word for almost half a century. In forty-five years the farthest I ever got off the ground was when I played center on the Harvard freshman basketball team and leaped not too gracefully to tap the ball on the toss up. / But suddenly I looked down the other morning and there was Columbus 8,000 feet below me. I doubt if I ever will enjoy Columbus as I used to, . and that was not very much.

But you can not bring an indictment against an entire city, and so I choose to accuse Quentin Reynolds, who used to be a newspaper man. Hazing the Newcomer HE sat across the aisle from me, and as I continued to regard Columbus and its lone skyscraper (at least three-quar-ters of an inch high). Mr. Reynolds tossed over a copy of the American mercury to me and said, “Commander, here’s an article which may interest you.” He indicated the piece with his thumb, and I followed the black

Heywood Broun

line to find “Flying Is Still Dangerous,” by Kenneth Brown Collings. I do not know Mr. Collings, but he has the happy faculty of calling a spade a spade and an untimely end a grave and much to be legretted matter. There were many statistics in the piece, and I couldn’t get out of them much more than the drift which I sensed was against me. If I read Mr. Collings aright he was saying that in any given hour the air is precisely 800 times as hazardous as the pursuits of those who live the normal life of groundhogs. I tried to save myself from misgivings by playing with the theory that Mr. Collings would not think that sitting up in Tony’s until 3 in the morning was a normal pursuit either. But that wasn’t what he meant. He was referring to life insurance tables. By now we were roaring over the Alleghenies, and Mr. Reynolds kindly called my attention to them. “They are known,” he explained, “as the aviators’ cemetery, because so many of our brave boys have met extinction is ambling over these peaks.” an Thank You for Nothing I ACKNOWLEDGED his favors a little grudgingly. Paul Gallico of the Daily News was a more comforting companion. He picked away at a piece upon a portable typewriter all the way from Columbus to Altoona. “You can have it when I’m done,” said Mr. Gallico. but it seemed expedient to me to bother no one by the frenzy of my composition. “I’m a very lazy man,” I told him, “and I don’t want to write a column until I’m sure that it is necessary.” I’d hate to crash with a superb column fresh off the typewriter in my mitt. It has become less likely. I mean the standards of aviation construction have grown so vastly. But whether I was scared to death or only half scared to death may remain as permanent subject for debate. I'm not sure. I think I’d rather be sitting in a good plane, in spite of Columbus, than face a bad thunderstorm seven miles north of Stamford. Os course, the next time I’ll fear neither storm nor plane. For the first time in my life I’ve had an opportunity to meet the clouds face to face. They lay directly ahead of us, Eddie and Lucy and Harold. We skirted around Lucy and Eddie, but went straight through Harold. 1 “They told me when I first started to fly,” Gallico repeated, “never go into a cloud if you can possibly avoid it. Nobody knows what may be inside a cloud.” an n The Education of Mr. Gallico THEY taught Mr. Gallico correctly. Harold was full of malice. Once we crossed his borders the big Douglas began to sway and bump. But not for anything would I have missed our meeting with the clouds. While they lay many miles ahead of us they seemed to me so many icebergs in the path of a steamer. They were forbidding and also amazingly beautiful. I immediately invented myself an esthetic philosophy which many have devised before me. It seems to me that there can be no beauty without terror. I hold that this is true of music, painting and the combinations of the written word. That which offers nothing of threat to safety may be pretty or amusing or whimsical, but it just can’t be beautiful. Beauty is something which ought to leave you breathless and shaking. Still there was one beautiful thing about the ride which hurts my theory. I refer to the moment when the plane was gracefully set down on the flats of Newark and I was allowed to come out from the metaZ core. Yes, I mean to fly again. It’s fascinating. It’s the greatest fun in the world—l mean, after the journey has ended. (Copyright. 1934, by United Feature Syndicate, Inc.)

Your Health

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN IN picking a place for your vacation, always consider questions of health. Pure water, good sanitation, pure milk, and a good food supply are absolutely essential. The motor vacation, which involves stops in numerous camps, demands particular watchfulness. The summer camp for children needs to be studied with these points in mind. Any exposed drinking water is a possible source of danger. Seaside springs should be distrusted. Health authorities ought to cover them with concrete and arrange to discharge the flowing water into a river or sewer. Any spring water, properly filtered and treated with chlorine, may be considered safe. Spring water may be protected from camps by suitable disposal of sewage. Water unfit for drinking is probably equally unfit for bathing, in most instances. It is always wise to take along some drinking water with you when you go on a camping trip. an n DISHES may be washed in water taken from springs or rivers, provided the water is first thoroughly boiled. Mpst persons who live in cities are so used to drinking water as it comes from the faucet that they forget to watch the water supply when they travel. 3e certain also that the food supplies you buy from wayside vendors are fresh and cleanly handled. Particular precautions must be taken in regard to milk. It is better to drink no milk than' to take a chance with milk bought from a farm without precaution as to pasteurization, without necessary determination of the safety of the cattle that supply the milk. y Modern cities demand that cattle be tuberculin tested and free from streptococcic infection. These facts are determined by inspectors. When you buy milk from any farmer along the roadside, you can not be sure even of ordinary cleanliness. n n n IT 1 safer to eat canned vegetables and fruits than to take a chance on vegetables sold on the roadside without proper opportunity for cleaning. Improper handling of vegetables may be responsible for many kinds of illness. Flies around eating places are a constant menace. Bating places should be guarded from flies by use of mosquito netting or screening. Some persons traveling on vacations try to get along with a diet of bread, eggs and coffee. Such diets are tiresome and lack the essentials of wellbalanced diet, which includes fresh fruits, vegetables and plenty of milk. A suitable diet is a great help to a healthful vacation.

Full Leased Wire Service vt the United Pres3 Association

.GERMANY ARMS HERSELF AGAIN

Vast Increase in Military Strength Is Adolf Hitler's Goal

This is the last of a series of four articles on the situation in Uermany.

BY WILLIAM PHILIP SIMMS Scripps-Howard Foreign Editor (Copyright, 1934, by United' Press) BERLIN, June 4.—After Hitler —what? Well posted observers here say that Nazi chieftain is racing against time; that, having risen to power by making big promises to a desperate populace, he must produce, or make way. Some give him a year. Some give him two. But all agree that he has yet to consolidate his power and that many perilous pitfalls must be safely negotiated before he does. Suppose he fails? “Should Hitler fail.” one of the best informed Germans of my acquaintance told me, “the Nazi regime would most likely be followed by a military dictatorship. “In such event. Hitler would probably remain as a sort of figurehead for a while—for such a regime would scarcely be other than a temporary affair—a stopgap. “After that, it is difficult to predict what would happen. Communism might have its chance. Certainly it would make another effort to come into power. “But the European situation permitting, I should say the monarchists would stand a better show than the extremes of the Left. tt U tt “TN any event, should the Nazi i. Fuhrer fall, there would almost certainly be civil war in Germany or something dangerously close to it. Unquestionably there would be chaos, for a time at least. "Among Hitler’s followers are

The

DAILY WASHINGTON

MERRY-GO-ROUND

By Drew Pearson and Robert S. Allen ———— WASHINGTON, June 4.—Jesting allusions about spring housecleaning are NOT appreciated around the treasury department these days. The expression has too ominous a connotation. A few weeks ago the internal revenue service came under fire. Disclosures of campaign contribution-seeking activities in the Detroit collector’s office brought into the open charges of similar operations in Philadelphia, whispered suspicions against still others. Asa result the entire service is being subjected to a fine-tooth comb. Now the customs service has fallen under the frigid eye of Secretary Morgenthau. Extremely serious evidence implicating a number of employes in the New York headquarters has been uncovered. Secret service agents put on the trail found their moves circumvented. Someone in Washington apparently was in cahoots with the conspirators, gave them advance tips on the government agents. A searching probe of the treasury followed. It resulted in the amazing discovery that the suspected New York employes had tapped the Washington telephone line, were listening in on secret instructions from the treasury to the secret service.

Whether the impending guillotining will be a public affair, or the heads will be axed off quietly, still is undecided. It will depend on whether the evidence obtained warrants criminal prosecution. In either event, the customs service is in for a thorough overhauling. Young Henry Morgenthau is determined to clean house. Morton” downey, radio’s crooner, is a great friend of his fellow Irish-American, Eddie Dowling, now running for the senate in Rhode Island. In fact, they grew up together. Says Morton of Eddie: “For twelve years he was an altar boy and never stole a candle.” a a a THE stock market bill’s chickens already are coming home to roost. Several congressmen who opposed the bill are hearing about it from their constituents. The amazing thing is that Democratic leaders who tried to crack the whip when the bill was threatened are now rushing to the rescue of their once wayward colleagues. Speaker Rainey, always gracious, always imbued with the milk o'human kindness, has gone to the support of Congressman Bulwinkle, whose North Carolina district has revolted partly because he stood with Wall Street. Even George Huddleston of Alabama, who sabotaged essenital portions of the bill in the secrecy of committee, but favored it publicly, got a letter from Rainey giving him a clean bill of health. This perhaps was not surprising. The silver-crested Speaker will always help a friend. But what is surprising is that hard-boiled Sam Rayburn, chairman of the house committee which handled the stock market bill, wrote Huddleston a campaign letter. Sam was discreetly silent on Huddleston’s committee activities, but the average reader got the impression that the Alabaman was the archenemy of Wall Street. Perhaps hardest-hit by his opposition to the stock market bill is E. W. now telling his Oklahoma constituents’: “I perhaps, had more to do with putting long, sharp effective teeth in the bill to regulate stock market gamblers. Do not be deceived by the malicious propaganda inspired by the Wall Street wolf pack. Stand by your President!” NOTE—Speaker Rainey was not the man who appointed Representative Hooper, dead since February, as a stock market conferee. In fact nobody appointed him. His name was confused with that of Representative Cooper of Ohio and carried throughout the country by one press association. a a a WITH the fleet foremost in the public eye, the state department is jockeying with Britain and Japan for early naval treaty negotiations. But there is one serious fly in the ointment. Japan demands naval parity with the United States. Actually, she wants a fleet strong enough to dominate completely Asiatic waters—a fleet which will give her a free hand in China regardless of the western world. This may be parity or a little less than parity. Usually, the

The Indianapolis Times

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Prince August Wilhelm

many extremists, and these might break away from his leadership and attempt to seize power.” At an official tea here I sat near Prince Auguste Wilhelm, third son of the former kaiser. He was in Nazi uniform, a red, white and black swastika brassard on his left arm. It was one of those informative affairs the Nazi government is now sponsoring for the benefit of diplomats and journalists here, and over by the west window Reichminister Chief of Staff Er-

Japanese ask for more than they need, figuring on getting less. But in this case, what they will expect in naval strength is going to be a lot higher than anything the United States and Great Britain will be willing to give. This is why there is about as much optimism regarding the proposed preliminary naval discussions as there is about the present disarmament discussions in Geneva. The state department is leaving no stone unturned which might bring naval limitations. But it looks as if the next naval conference was dead even before it began. OREEZY-MANNERED Senator " Dickinson hung a hard one on the Democrats during the senate debate on the President’s reciprocal tariff bill. . . . The lowan had gone through Congressional Record reports of recent tariff debates and carefully assembled a mass of statements by Democratic senators denouncing proposals almost similar to that now requested by Roosevelt, but also made by Republican Presidents. . . . Half the senate squirmed, the other half chuckled while Dickinson read these forgotten speeches. . . . Ebullient Huey Long has the swankiest collection of summer suits in Washington. . .He goes in for beautifully tailored light tan and cream colored serge suits in double-breasted style. . . . Softcollared shirts, ties, socks, and shoes are worn to match. . . . Dr. Willard Thorp, dropped as director of the bureau of foreign and domestic commerce, has been offered another government job. It is in the newly organized central consumers unit of the National Emergency Council, paying the same salary as his other post, but not requiring senate confirmation. The White House parties of Sistie and Buzzie Dali are so popular that the kiddies refuse to go home. . . . Recently they stayed until 7 p. m., had to be shooed out of the dining room so Grandfather Roosevelt could have dinner. . . . Frank Walker, director of the “super cabinet,” made part of his fortune in the Montana copper industry, but was a great friend of Tom Walsh, copper trust enemy. Walker played a large role in putting the vote through the Montana legislature which sent Walsh to the senate for his first term. . . , Senator Tom Connolly now seldom eats lunch for fear of getting fat. In college he was so thin that a classmate once remarked: “A double-barreled shotgun would make Tom a perfect pair of overalls.” (Copyright. 1934. by United Feature Syndicate, Inc.) ROOSEVELT AT CAPITAL President Arrives in Washington After Short Vacation. By United Press 1 WASHINGTON, June 4.—President Roosevelt arrived early today from his home at Hyde Park, N. J., after being absent from the city since Memorial day. He was accompanied on the train by Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau Jr.

INDIANAPOLIS, MONDAY, JUNE 4, 1934

it&y-. *

Ernst Roehm

nest Roehm of the Nazi Storm Troops stood talking. “Frequently,” he said, “the ideas, reaction and monarchy, are considered equivalent, although at bottom they have nothing to do with each other. But when reaction writes the word monarchy on its shield, it is doing no service to the monarchical idea. a u n “IF the German people again A wished to give themselves an

500-MILE RACE SHOWNIN FILM Scenes at Speedway Seen in Times-Universal News Reel. Views of Ambrose Lightship as the President reviews the entire United States fleet in the greatest naval pageant held in the history of the nation are to be seen in the current issue of The Times-Universal Newsreel, which has Graham McNamee as its Talkirfg Reporter. The huge battleships, cruisers and slim destroyers, all steam past the U. S. S. Indianapolis, flying the President’s flag, and fire a twenty-one-gun salute as the crews “man the rails” at attention. Other important events in the reel include scenes as the country's leading racing drivers defy death in the Indianapolis racing classic; President Roosevelt attacking his critics in a speech on the Gettysburg battlefield, and views in New York of a giant Decoration day parade on Riverside drive.

APRIL GASOLINE TAX INCREASES OVER 1933

Month’s Total Levy’s 51,465,512, Wililamson Reports.

Indiana automobile owners purchased approximately 3,000.000 gallons more gasoline in April this year than they did in April 1933. This was revealed today in a report by State Auditor Floyd I. Williamson, who also showed $123,033.91 more tax collected in April, 1934, than in April, 1933. The total collection this April was $1,465,512. The increase was attributed to the fact that there was more money in circulation and to a successful wiping out of the gasoline bootlegger. In the Air

Weather conditions at 9 a. m.: South sottheast wind, 5 miles an hour, variable; barometric pressure, 29.97 at sea level; temperature, 83; general conditions, clear, smoky; ceiling, unlimited; visibility, 5 miles; caution, workmen on northeast and southwest runways.

SIDE GLANCES

£>*34 HEA Soviet 'HC KC> uSfar Off. A

“My idea is to operate a chain of these from one end of town to the other.”

A 4&> i|| \ .

Adolf Hitler

overlord, they would do it against, rather than on behalf of, the reactionaries. “Anyhow, I believe this: The German imperial crown lies on the battlefield. I doubt whether the German people wish to fight for it there.” Prince August Wilhelm tensed at the mention, of the German imperial crown. And when the Nazi chief of staff spoke of it lying on the battlefield, his face became a tragic mask. A friend, sitting next, nudged

Labor Problems Await Decision of Roosevelt

Recovery Program Will Get President’s Attention First. By Scripps-Howard newspaper Alliance WASHINGTON, _ June 4.—At tTste great desk in his oval office, President Roosevelt today will face decisions affecting the whole course of his recovery program. Problems that have grown more acute since he left here last week to review the fleet and attefid his son’s graduation from Groton, are tumbling over themselves. Mr. Roosevelt, who admits himself a "tough guy” who can fight barracuda and. shark, must prove again whether he can take it. First, the threatened steel strike, with the workers demanding a showdown conference with the steel Enforcement of NRA, the welfare of several hundred thousand men who are directly affected, and their families, and the immediate future of business are all involved. Second, the entire labor situation, marked by the troubles that arise with returning good times, and involving, as well, the Wagner labor disputes bill, written for the express purpose of dealing with these troubles, and awaiting Roosevelt’s word as to passage in congress. Third, the whole legislative situation in congress, chief features of which are the administration’s housing program now being subjected to the fire of a lobby called as persistent as that which unsuccessfully battles the stock market bill, the oil control bill, unemployment insurance and old-age pensions. Fourth, further relief of sufferers in the drought, which is becoming one of our greatest disasters ANNUAL DINNER SET BY BOARD OF TRADE Group Will Hear Address by C. of C. Official. John N. Vander Vries, manager of the northern central division of the United States Chamber of Commerce, will speak on “Business at the Crossroads” at the annual Board of Trade dinner at 6 Thursday night in the Board of Trade building.

By George Clark

him in a pleasant jibe, and the prince’s tense expression broke into a wan smile. Observers here believe Roehm was right. They, also, doubt whether the German people wish to return to the battlefield, there to pick up the imperial crown. Nevertheless, there is a “but.” # TN cold blood, Germans themselves declare, they would pay no such price to bring back the monarchy. The crown truly does lie on the batlefield. But if events themselves —events which have nothing whatsoever to do with crowns or monarchies—conduct the German people back to the battlefield, they might very conceivably lift the crown again incidentally. Economists predict that the next year should be a pretty good one for Germany, domestically speaking. She plans to spend billions of marks on public works and other employment projects. As long as the people are even fairly occupied, there will almost certainly be no serious reaction against Hitlerism. But Hitler has promised Germany anew day, not merely a false sunrise. And history teaches that few things are more dangerous than masses of people who feel that they have been fooled. Hitler has done one colossal thing for the Germans. He has restored their national self-re-spect and given them new hope. But if anything should happen to snatch these from them again, now or soon, there would be trouble. (THE END)

Fifth, revision of NRA, a compelling problem dramatized by tyre Darrow board attack. Sixth, the appointment of men to several key positions in emergency and regular governmental agencies, including getting a recalcitrant senator to permit the senate to confirm the nomination of Rex Tugwell, chief of the brain trust, as undersecretary of agriculture. These are only six, but other issues will be exploding at the White House so frequently within the next week or so President Roosevelt may imagine himseff back in New York harbor hearing the presidential salutes of his men-o’-war. WABASH STUDENT WINS SCHOLARSHIP City Youth Gets Fellowship at Johns Hopkins. 9 Latham Breunig, senior at Wabash college and son of Mr. and Mrs. L. C. Breunig, 1818 North Talbott street, today had been rewarded richly for a long fight to conquer in schooling the handicap of deafness. Yesterday it was announced that young Breunig had received the SI,OOO fellowship at Johns Hopkins university given annually by an anonymous donor to the boy who has shown the greatest ability in overcoming obstacles in undergraduate work. Breunig prepared for Wabash, from which he will be graduated this week, at Shortridge high school here after seven years at the Clarke School for the Deaf, Northampton, Mass., where Mrs. Calvin Coolidge once taught. There he elarned lip reading.

DR. WALLACE MARTIN, M. E. LEADER, DIES Former Ft. Wayne District Chief Had Been 111 a Year. By United Press WARSAW, Ind., June 4.—Dr. Wallace W. Martin, 68, former superintendent of the Ft. Wayne district of the Methodist episcopal church, died yesterday at his home in Epworth Forest, near Lake Webster religious center. He had been ill a year. Dr. Martin was ordained in 1892 and held pastorates in Muncie, Tipton, Converse, Ligonier, Greenfield, Bluffton and Mishawaka. He served as Ft. Wayne district superintendent from 1916 to 1924 ana retired from the ministry in 1929. SMALLEST QUINTUPLET KEEPS UP GAME FIGHT Four Sisters Recover From WeekEnd Attack of Jaundice. By United Press NORTH BAY, Ont, June 4. Marie, smallest of the quintuplets born to Mrs. Oliva Dionne, continued a game fight for life today, while her four sisters were apparently recovering from a light weekend attack of jaundice. The quintuplets’ weights today, announced by their father, were: Emilie, 1 pound, 13 ounces; Cecile, 2 pounds, 1 ounce; Annette, 2 pounds, 4 ounces; Yvonne, 2 pounds, 6 ounces; Marie, 1 pound, 10 ounces. PLANT SALE APPROVED Court Sanctions Bank’s Purchase of Fire-Swept Talge W’orks. Approval of the sale of the Talge Mahogany plant, razed by fire several weeks ago, to the Union Trust Company for $10,250 was given by Judge Russell Ryan in superior court 5 Saturday. Request for the approval was made by Ira A. Minnick, Talge company receiver, who pointed out that $4,200 in fire insurance carried on the Talge building, will go to the purchaser.

Second Section

Entered as Second-Class Matter at Postoffice, Indianapolis. Ind.

Fair Enough wesiwSm June 4.—An ugly scandal seems * ’ to be brewing in the bureau of printing and engraving, where they put the glue on the postage stamps and stamped envelopes. Congressman Everett Dirksen of Pekin, 111., a strong force in the current attempt to save American civilization again, has made a deep study of the glue situation and discovered that the bureau of printing and engraving is using a glue made from imported tapioca ilour. He has started a crusade to protect the American glue industry. Accordingly, Mr. Roosevelt has expressed an interest in a plan to start a factory in Mississippi, where there is a great annual waste of oversize and undersize sweet potatoes having glue possibilities and the bureau of standards is cook-

ing experimental batches from American materials and trying them out for taste and adhesiveness. It looks as though Mr. Dirksen’s reform will go through. The congressman's secretary, W. E. Cable, another authority on glue, informs your correspondent that every time an American farmer licks a postage stamp under the present scheme of things he is ham-stringing his own throat. Not All Ex-Horses “T'\lD you ever realize,” Mr. A-/ Cable demanded, “that every time an American farmer

licks a postage stamp made with the present type of glue he is biting off his own nose? I do not believe the American farmer realizes this because he probably thinks, as most people do, that all glue is made from ex-horses and ex-cows. I am not a gambling man myself, but I have known persons who would lose a wager on a race horse and say, ‘They ought to make glue of him.’ “Now, it is true that some types of glue are made from the peelings and hoofs of former horses and cows. In fact, we have a big factory in Bloomington, in'our state, where they make these types and your experience in this world never will be complete until you have driven within eight or ten miles of this plant on a good, hot day in July or August. “But horse and cow glue has a strong, gamey flavor and the popular reference distinctly favors the milder tastes. Personally, I will take vanilla, but-I suppose the bureau of standards, with all its scientific knowledge and facilities, can develop a choice of flavors. “If glue can be made from corn and potatoes, maybe it can be made from strawberries, raspberries and mint. I am not informed as to that. It is just a thought. Anyway, I happens to be one who believes 100 per cent in American ingenuity and hope to see the business of the postoffice prosper. nan Thanks—No Tapioca “YTUT,” Mr. Cable said, “practically everybody AJ despises tapioca, which is the base of the present glue. Tapioca is grown in Java and when I think of the many glories of this great country of ours I always give thanks that we do not grow tapioca here. “The only trouble about increasing the postal receipts with flavored stamps and flaps is that people naturally would have to write more letters. lam not sure that would be a good thing. It means more circulars in the mail and too many people get into trouble every year as things are now by putting things in writing. But with our great American ingenuity and the characteristic American will to win, we can work out a scheme somehow. A great wave of anonymous letter writing could do it.” Congressman Dirksen, himself, was not available for a discussion of his glue crusade. He was busy on the floor of the house, where the Republican statesmen were conducting a filibuster. The Republican statesmen were helping to save American civilization again by demanding a roll call every few minutes. (Copyright. 1934. by United Fefture Syndicate. Inc.)

Today's Science BY DAVID DIETZ

THE possibility of the existence of as yet undiscovered particles of sub-atomic size is suggested by Dr. Paul R. Heyl, famous physicist of the United States bureau of standards. I)r. Heyl points out that we may divide these particles into two groups, heavy particles, whose mass is approximately that of the hydrogen atom, and light particles, whose mass is essentially one eighteen-hundredth of the hydrogen atom. In each group we may postulate the existence of a particle with a positive electric charge, a particle with a negative electric charge, and a neutral particle. The positive heavy particle is the proton, the particle which constitutes the nucleus of the ordinary hydrogen atom. The heavy neutral particle is the neutron, one of the more recent discoveries in the field of atomic particles. As yet, no heavy negative particle is known. an n IN the field of light particles, we have the electron, ' the fundamental negative particle. It is the oldest of all known sub-atomic particles, its discovery dating back to the work of Thomson and Lorentz in 1900. Matching the electron, we have the positron, the newest of known sub-atomic particles. It was discovered only recently by Dr. Carl D. Anderson. It is apparently the counter-image of the electron, exactly like it in every but electric charge. There is one important difference, however, between the occurrence of the electron and the positron in nature. The electron makes its appearance everywhere. The nucleus of every atom is surrounded by one or more shells of electrons. The electric current is a stream of electrons in motions. But while free electrons are everywhere in nature, the same thing does not seem to be true of positrons They make their apeparance only whetf'’ atoms are bombarded by cosmic rays or the gamma rays of radium. It has been suggested that the positron comes into existence as the result of collision of a gamma ray or cosmic ray with an atom. According to this view, the ray splits in two, onehalf becoming the electron and the other half, the positron. This view, however, is not accepted by Millikan and Anderson, who proffer the more prosaic view that the positron is knocked out of the nucleus of the atom. nan THE difficulty with this view of Millikan and Anderson is that it requires a revision of our theory of the structure of the nucleus. But such a revision was necessary anyway as a result of the discovery of the neutron. An attempt was made to stave it off by considering the neutron as a union of the proton and the electron. This will not do, however, since it has been established within recent months that the neutron is slightly lighter and not heavier than the proton. This has led Millikan to suggest that the proton may be a combination of a neutron and a positron, the neutron providing the mass and the positron the positive charge. On this basis it is easy to explain the presence of both neutrons and positrons in the nucleus of the atom. ■

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Westbrook Pegler