Indianapolis Times, Volume 46, Number 12, Indianapolis, Marion County, 25 May 1934 — Page 27

H fee/m to Me HEYWoJd BtOUN BETHLEHEM. Pa.. May 25.—1 stood on Bonus Hill and looked down upon the town of Bethlehem. It lay still enough in the lovely Lehigh valley, but from the forest of chimneys a mist arose which deadened the sky like a Kansas dust storm. The plant sprawled across the green vista and constituted a dull red scar in the landscape. The executive offices are housed in a tolerable skyscraper conceived in the same tissue as the rest of the works. Acre after acre is invaded by this great utilitarian concept, which most inapprdpriately sets dun brick against the brilliance of fertile fi^ld". Whoever designed the plant paid his tribute to efficiency and let esthetic values run for the dwellers upon the hill. The residences upon this slope, seem to be a passionate afterthought upon the part of those who made their fortunes out of the grim and grit of the vaUey. Seemingly many architects

were called upon to make atonement for that hideousness which is the plant. The result of this remorse is not altogether happy, for the community upon the hill profited by no such efficient planning as did Bethlehem Steel. One architect said: “I will set here a Norman castle,” while just across the street stands a villa designed by someone whose mother was affrighted by a Moor before his birth. a tt a High Roads and Low YET the intent is beauty, coupled with a certain ostentation. In many American

Heywood Broun

cities social lines are complex and difficult of solution. Not so in Bethlehem. New York, Chicago and Philadelphia have been compelled to compile blue books and other devices lest the unwary should be unable to divide the sheep from the goats. In Bethlehem such things are solved in a much more simple manner. The status of a citizen depends upon that portion of the hill which the householder has reached. The top is the top, and half way up serves notice that John Jones is on his way but has not yet arrived. Many have said that the usual class distinctions known in the old world do not obtain in America. They have forgotten Bethlehem. Every gradation from the presidency of the corporation down to the last proletarian worker is marked by the steep incline'of Bonus hill. Those who have topped out of the canyon constitute a not inconsiderable community. for in the best days of Bethlehem Charlie Schwab was a generous boss to his immediate associates. n n The Boom in Bethlehem THE town of Bethlehem was almost a part of the western front, and when a barrage was laid in Flanders to protect the attack of advancing troops almost upon that instant the towers of Bethlehem belched smoke and fire and another recruit was added to those who had gained their objectives on Bonus Hill. Upon those fair lawns which include Lehish college in their sweep there could never be detected any scars of shrapnel and the trees met each season in the appointed way with never a blight of scarecrow stumps. And yet in a very vital way men crawled upon their bellies up the slopes of Bonus Hill as if it were Messines or Vimy Ridge. No crosses mark the spot where thousands fell and a new order was cabled across the water for still more shells. But if the accusing dead march in serried ranks upon dark and windy nights the sound of their feet must be heard upon the pleasant thoroughfares of Bonus Hill. o a a A Highly Individualistic City BETHLEHEM is the very capital of rugged individualism. No city has done more to encourage the preservation of personal ambition, it was Bethlehem which paid in a single year something slightly more than SBOO,OOO to Mr. Grace in a series of incentive bonuses. There was, I assume, a fear that at $400,000 or anything less he might not have felt that school spirit which has made the plant and its products famous all over the world. , Bethlehem is Bethlehem. The life and substance of the plant is the life and substance of the town. We have heard much of late about what industrialists might do if they were free to function without the annoying interferencr of governmental agencies which can be much too visionary. Bethlehem is a practical town. It is a city which has been built and run by a great corporation. And so I say to those who feel that business should be left to carry on in its own good way with neither check nor hindrance —come down to Bethlehem. (Copyright. 1934. by The Times)

Your Health “BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN “

FOR many years all* sorts of specific remedies have been tried on the tuberculous, and millions of dollars have been mulcted from these sufferers for patent medicines. Among the first of the new scientific remedies to be announced was Koch's tuberculin, which was developed in 1890. This is not a specific remedv, and there are many experts who feel that it is worthless. However, some doctors who use it very carefullv. and who study their patients, find it useful in some cases. A number of remedies have been introduced, consisting of combinations of copper, of gold, and of other metals. All these remedies are experimental and. although they have been reported as effective in some cases, the vast majority of the evidence does not seem to indicate any special value for any of them. Because the lesions of tuberculosis heal by calcification. it has been customary with many physicians to prescribe a great deal of calcium. In fact, it is commonly believed that workers in lime dust do not have tuberculosis, yet the evidence for this is not particularly convincing. * tt tt THE more recent studies seem to indicate that some change must take place in the tuberculosis itself before calcification can begin, and that in the vast majority of cases there is plenty of calcium in the body for the needs of the situation when the. mechanism of healing starts. Cod liver oil has been used in tuberculosis for several centuries. It has the advantage of supplying a large amount of fat and also provides vitamins which are of great importance to the body. If cod liver oil is to be taken, it is usually best in doses of one to three ounces after a meal, in the case of tuberculosis, the whole cod liver is believed to be preferable to any of the extracts of the vitamins. For years creosote and guaiacol were considered to be specific remedies in tuberculosis, and they still are used in some cases to produce expectoration, lessening of tightness in the throat, and for the relief of coughing. tt tt tt PERSONS with tuberculosis suffer frequently from fever and sweating at night. When these symptoms become joppressive, the doctor can prescribe drugs .which will control them. An alcohol rub at bedtinjp or a sponge bath with lukewarm water containing about one gram of alum to the ounce is helpful in preventing night sweats. One of the most severe symptoms that may occur in a person with tuberculosis is bleeding from the lungs. The appearance of this symptom is a danger signal which should cause the patient to lie down immediately and to get medical attention at once. In sanatoria where persons are treated for tuberculosis, one of the most useful remedies thus far developed Is artificial pneumothorax. This involves the injection of air into the chest cavity, which serves to put the lung at rest. The same effect is also achieved by cutting the nerve which leads to the diaphragm, or by performing an operation on the ribs.

Full Lease-! Wire Service ot r lie United I’ress Association

THE WINNING OF THE EAST

Famed U. S. Drive Duplicated on Vast Scale by Soviet

This is the fifth of a series of si x stories on Siberia, where the Soviet Union has launched a gigantic colonization plan. In this series William Philip Simms, now touring the world for The Times, tells of this "winning of the east,” which duplicates on a mammoth scale America’s "winning of the west.” tt tt tt BY WILLIAM PHILIP SIMMS (Copyright, 1934, by NEA Service. Inc.) Scnpps-Howard Foreign Editor MOSCOW, May 25.—Convinced that another world war is on the way, involving Europe, the far east, and the United States, Russia, militarily speaking, is battening down the hatches before the storm. The Red army is now not only the most highly mechanized force in the world, according to war office spokesmen, but Russia could wage war on three fronts thousands of miles apart, each independent of the rest. No longer is the Trans-Siberian, the one and only railway crossing the two continents, vital to success of the Soviet forces, whether fighting in Europe or in the far east. For purposes of national defense, Russia—which is two and one-half times larger than the United States—has divided her area into four water-tight compartments. European Russia, west of the Urals, is one. Central Asia, or Russian Turkestan, is another. Western Siberia, from Lake Baikal to the Urals, is the third, and the far east is the fourth. u tt n tt tt NOT that Russia is expecting trouble on all these fronts at one and the same time, it is explained. But those upon whose shoulders rests the burden of the national defense must look at the darkest side. Each of these sectors is designed to take care of itself, if need be, without depending upon food, supplies, or reinforcements from other parts of the Soviet Union.

FOOD, supplies and reinforcements might be forthcoming, but the point is, something might happen to cut them off. Each sector, therefore, must be more or less self-sustaining. On the European side, a “wall” of steel and concrete defenses has been constructed from the Baltic to the Black sea, facing Rumania, Poland, Latvia and Esthonia. Russian Turkestan is similarly prepared against surprises from the directions of China, Afghanistan, and Persia, and the far eastern “front” is by far the most heavily fortified, manned, and munitioned of them all. tt. a o THE Lake Baikal “front” is important because between Baikal and the Urals a dozen Garys are rising—the future industrial and metallurgical workshop of the Soviet Union. Lake Baikal runs north and south. It is nearly 400 miles long. All around it is country which reminds one of Switzerland. North of the lake the region is impassable so far as an enemy is concerned. There are not roads. Southward 100 miles is the frontier of outer Mongolia and the desert. The Baikal line, a high official told me, could be held by less than 200,000 men agaihst an unlimited

■The DAILY WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND By Dreiv Pearson and Robert S. Allen

WASHINGTON, May 25.—Probably the majority of the people of the coun fr v consider the supreme court of the United States the most solemn ar.d august body connected with the government. Its decisions frequently are more important than the laws enacted by congress or the executive orders of the President. They are supposed to be handed down after due deliberation and in strict accord with the legal precedent of centuries. Few people ever question this. But not so irreverent youth. A group of Columbia university students was in town recently, being shown the wheels of government by some of the brain trusters, who, until recently, were Columbia professors. Asa climax to the tour they were taken to see Justice Brandeis, one of the most respected members of the court. Put at ease by the great jurist’s gracious charm, the youngsters plunged boldly into the significance of the supreme court’s recent decisions. They pointed to the manner in which the court had upheld the new deal.

“Isn’t it remarkable,” inquired one of the brashest youngsters, “how the supreme court follows the elections instead of the precedents?” The youngster apparently had been reading Finley Peter Dunne’s “Mr. Dooley.” It was Mr. Dooley’s dictum that the supreme court always follows the election returns. o a tt NOW that the emergency of the depression is over, Roosevelt is finding it harder and harder to get good men for the new deal. This has become a really serious problem. During the early days of the NRA, the AAA, and the other recovery administrations, some of the ablest men in the country volunteered. They were anxious to serve, sometimes even without pay. Government officials accepting little or no salary are by no means ideal. Sometimes they are tempted to favor the industry from which they come. Sometimes they are inclined to lean too far to the opposite. But in times of emergency they are necessary, and frequently they are unbeatable. Now. however. Roosevelt finds it harder and harder to draw good men to Washington either with pay or without. There are too many better opportunities in private business. Some of his friends have advised a peacetime system of drafting able men for government service. Probably it will never come to this, but it is not unlikely that Roosevelt will take some steps to solve the problem. tt tt tt THE agricultural adjustment administration and its cotton benefits to the south is going to play a big part in eastern industrial sections during the coming campaign. Wily Senator Dave Reed paved the way for this in his fight against Gifford Pinchot for the Pennsylvania senatorship. Pinchot counted on his strength in the rural sections. Reed knew this and skillfully undermined him with these voters. He did not attack Pinchot. He 'scarcely mentioned him. Instead he told the farmers that the new deal wasn't treating them as generously as it was southern Democratic growers. Pennsylvania farmers, he declared. have so far received only $143,000 in subsidies from the AAA. But Texas cotton growers have been paid $43,000,000. The fact that Pennsylvania grows no cotton cut no ice. All the hard-pressed Pennsylvania farmer could see was those two glaripgly unequal sums—rsl43,ooo as against $43,000,000.

The Indianapolis Times

number, however well armed they might be. “But,” this official added, "let me disabuse your mind of the rather widespread notion that Russia would evacuate the maritime provinces and give up that area to Japan or anybody else. We will fight there to the death if an inch of our territory is seized.” e tt n THERE are many conflicting stories about whether the Trans-Siberian Railway is doubletracked. I am able to give the facts. From Moscow to Omsk, the lines are single; but between these points there are at a minimum two, and in some places five, optional routes which could be taken in case of interruption of traffic. From Omsk to Chita, the Trans-Siberian is double-tracked —even through the thirty-nine tunnels and over the fifty or so small bridges around Baikal. But the larger bridges, over the Irkut, the Yenisei, and the Ob, have not yet been doubled. Some, however, are under construction. From Chita—near which is the Junction with the Chinese Eastern, which takes the short cut, via Harbin, across Manchuria—to Vladivostok, double-tracking is being pushed, but is nowhere

That mental contrast the farmer took to tjte ballot box—to Reed’s gain and Pinchot’s bitter loss. tt tt tt DID you ever see anything going in opposite directions at the same time? The compromise bill worked out by the White House and senate silverites does just that. The miracle is performed this way: The President accepts the provision proclaiming as a national policy that one-fourth of the metallic coverage of the country’s currency shall be silver. Thus the silverites gain in part their decades-old demand for remonetization of their favorite metal. But, the President also preserves his freedom of action—as he

SIDE GLANCES

i l l IdLJiLMM j

“I would like to divorce Albert and start an antique shop, but that business isn’t whpt it used to be.”

INDIANAPOLIS, FRIDAY, MAY 25, 1934

:: x '<'. i. •: w |v • 1 - 111 * " m " ' im " y-*'i I V’< v .. ■ A /■ '..v.. j Speeding along between tow- jfHHHp ering mountain and broad river, L wU/KT 1 the Siberian Express is above WtW X linking European Russia with cities of far eastern Siberia. At the right are shown some natives i '■ \ i I of the Kirghiz steppes, who in- M i S / habit the route of the new Tur- iSL&jjjj; V W§'< kestan-Siberian railway. __

Speeding along between towering mountain and broad river, the Siberian Express is seen above linking European Russia with cities of far eastern Siberia. At the right are shown some natives of the Kirghiz steppes, who inhabit the route of the new Tur-kestan-Siberian railway.

near done. It will take two or three years tcf complete it. a it A LONG the Amur, where the Trans-Siberian still is a single track, and of vital importance to Vladivostok and the maritime provinces, the Red army, under General Blucher, is said to be even more highly mechanized than the rest of the Soviet forces. The . average mechanized horse power per Red army man, War 'Commissar Voroshilov says, is 7.74. This is considerably higher than either the French or the American army, he claims—higher, even, than the British, “the most highly mechanized of all the bourgeois armies.”

has adamantly insisted throughout the lengthy negotiations. This is achieved through the simple device of omitting any time limit when the 25 per cent remonetization is to be accomplished. Once the bill is enacted, the President could do it at one stroke, or gradually, or not at all. In his private conversations with the silverites, the President assured them that he would “enthusiastically”—his own word—proceed with a gradual remonetization up to the 25 per cent limit. Secretary Morgenthau. at heart hostile to the silver agitation, told the senate crusaders that he was under strict injunction from the President to go through with the bargain. It was these personal assurances, accepted in full faith by the silverites. that brought them around to agree to the non-mandatory compromise. It is not such a bad deal all the way around. The silverites gain their end of writing into the law the principle of bi-metalism. They can now go proudly to their constituents and claim a great victory. On the other hand, the President retains firm hold on the monetary helm. He is free to go forward, stop, or reverse, as he deems desirable. (Copyright. 1934, by United Feature Syndicate. Inc.t DE MOLAY TO INITIATE Robert V. Cole Cast for Leading Role in Ceremony. Robert V. Cole has been cast in the leading role as Jacques De Molay at the conference of the De Molay degree on a class of thirtyone candidates at 8 tonight at the local chapter house. John O. Hutchens is master councilor.

By George Clark

I am reliably informed, however, that the Amur river forces run considerably higher than that, thanks largely to the concentration of tanks, whippets, airplanes and other equipment in that sector. Moreover, it is claimed, 80 per cent of the privates there are trained mechanics. They are not specialists in their own line. Any one of them, I am told, could repair anything from a truck or a machine gun to a howitzer, tank or airplane. tt tt RUSSIA is said to be training airplane pilots annually and claims to be able to produce 50,000 planes. Japan, they say,

TODAY AND TOMORROW By Walter Lippmann

THE immediate situation is described as accurately as it can be in a sentence by Colonel Ayres when he says in his latest bulletin that “business confidence has not been holding up as well as have the business statistics.” — ; :

There can be no doubt that for some weeks we have had a marked divergence between the actual facts as to recovery and ' the way business men feel and think about them. • Thus for six months the country has had a sustained advance in production, from an index of seventy-tjsvo in November to eightyfive in April. This is almost as great and as fast a recovery as the country enjoyed between 1921 and 1922, when it came out of the first post-war collapse into an era of great prosperity. Yet since February, while this truly amazing recovery in business, in employment, and in profits has been taking place, the prices of stocks, which reflect hopes and fears, have been declining, and in financial circles and among business men there has been a growing pessimism. They are obviously better off than they were, but they feel worse about it. Therefore it is interesting to consider what are the probable causes of the contradiction between men’s feelings on the one hand and the cold figures on the other. Such an analysis must be a matter of personal judgment, for, of course, it is impossible to prove conclusively why masses of men are in a certain mood. But the attempt may be of some use. tt tt it IT is possible, it seems to me, to distinguish between relatively superficial causes of the bearish sentiment and a much more substantial one. Thus it is evident that business sentiment has been powerfully influenced since February by the impending bill to regulate the stock market. Ever since that bill was brought forward the brokerage houses throughout the country have been exuding pessimism, and there are few American business men who are not acutely sensitive to the stock ticker. For the short run, at least, business enterprises in America tend to follow the ticker instead of the ticker’s following the course of business. For nearly four months the stock markets have been fighting regulation, which in its first form was clearly destructive, and in its present amended form is certainly severe. That this fight has reflected itself in business sentiment is hardly open to doubt, and it has almost certainly been the most immediately active cause of the psychological depression. But it is not, I believe, the deepest or the most important cause. That is to say, assuming that congress finally enacts a workable bill, and assuming that the stock markets settle down under it to do the best they can, there will still remain the deeper causes of disquiet. They rise, it seems to me, from the conviction that the recovery since November has been dependent upon the artificial stimulation of government expenditures, and that the recovery will not be dependable until it is evident that private investment will take the place of government spending. * a tt NOW it is impossible to deny that the government’s expenditures have heen a great factor in the recovery since November. It

could not produce more than 7,500 planes a year. To a layman, the Russian figure would seem high. Germany, in the last month of the World war, produced only 2.200 planes, a rate which would yield 26,400 a year, or a little more than half the production set by the Soviet Union. Russia now has the largest standing army in the world. The latest official figures gave it 562,000 men, but Voroshilov admits the number has materially increased since that time. Next—Soviet Union invincible in eyes of famed Russian publicist.

is impossible to deny that such expenditures can not be sustained forever. It is impossible to deny that private investment to replace them has not as yet shown any real promise. If this is the correct diagnosis of the existing pessimism in the midst of actual recovery, it becomes highly important to make it clear to ourselves what are the impediments to the resumption of private investment? In the process of a managed recovery like the one we are having, the transition from government spending to private investment is the critical point. It is not clear as to how transition is to be made. Yet on the making of it everything depends. Moreover, it is not clear that the administration and congress are fully aware that this is the critical problem or that they are sufficiently impressed with its importance to be willing to deal with it effectively. (Copyright. 1934) TECH JUNIOR AWARDED NEWS CONTEST PRIZE Edgar Gatto Wins Fountain Pen in National Competition. Edgar Gatto. Technical high school junior, was awarded a fountain pen in the third annual news examination contest conducted by Scholastic, the national high school weekly, for having made the highest grade of any student in the school. ~ Announcements of prizes appear in the May 26 issue of Scholastic. More than 55.000 students in 1,000 schools took the test, which covered national and foreign news of the last eight months.

RACCOON CHASE SET BY HUNTERS’ GROUP Eastern Indiana Association to Stage Event Memorial Day Eastern Indiana Coon Hunters Association will hold a raccooa chase Memorial day, at the Ike Millikan farm near New Castle. Pot racing will start at 9:30 a. m. Speed and sight racing will follow with an elimination laid trail race in the afternoon for a purse of $25. Luncheon and drinks will be served on the grounds. Special arrangements are being made for ladies and children. $1,679 EXPENDEM3Y CLUB FOR JOHN KERN Accounting of Political Croup Made With Clerk. Total receipts of $3,137.50 and expenses of $1,678.84 were shown in the statement of campaign funds of the Kern-for-Mayor Club filed yesterday with Glenn B. Ralston, county clerk, by Walter G. Kern, treasurer, of the organization in charge of the Democratic mayoralty candidacy of Judge John W. Kern. Heaviest contributors to the club’s primary strongbox were: Jacob Weiss, $250; Robert E. Kelly, $100; Edward Boren. $100; W. F. Egleston, SIOO, and M. B. Reddington, SIOO.

Second Section

Entered as Second-Class Hatter at Postoffice. Indianapolis. Ind.

Fdir Enough,. ramim NEW YORK, May 25.—From various parts of thf country intimations come that people nowadays are entangled too closely with the problem of food and eating to wish to read about liquor and drinking. Still it would be a mistake to swear entirely off liquor stories carrying the New York and Chicago date lines or those of Palm Beach and Miami, in season, because these items present a contrast which is bound to catch the interest of people elsewhere. Contrast makes good reading and accounts for the popularity

of the Cinderella theme and of pieces having to do with the ragged bum who used to have butlers to wait on him. To leave New York and, within thirty hours, go rolling through a section of the same nation where people work from dawn till dark in the cotton fields for '5 cents a day, plus the rent of a miserable cabin, the milk from a cow and the produce of a garden patch, is to compare the price of a bottle of fair Scotch or Bourbon, a quart of wine or a round of drinks in a modernistic setting, with the buying power of a man’s labor. It would take a Mississippi or

Arkansas field hand five or six days to earn the bottle of liquor which reposes in the window of the licensed dealer’s shop in the big city. a u He Couldn't Get In A BOTTLE of wine, without the waiter’s tip, if served in any of the polite New York restaurants, would cost as much as he could make by two weeks' work in the field from the moment when there is light enough for him to see until it is too dark for him to see any longer. It is only a theory, of course, that he ever could get into a polite eating house in the first place. He likely would be in need of bathing and shaving, there would be soil on his shoes, overalls and hands, and he would, like as not, be mouthing a poultice of sucking tobacco. Seeing him come through the outer door, the head waiter would put up the red plush rope and tell him they were full. Moreover, he would have to go back to the plantation and work at least one more day for the tip. It takes no habitual pub-crawler in New York to know these costs and to reflect, on visiting the farm country, that a round of fifteen-minute cocktails for a table of four, not forgetting the waiter this time, either, would represent not mere change but serious money to many a more important citizen whose mis- . take it was to have chosen hard work for his way of life. There is something very impressive to a man from the cities about the man walking the rows behind a mule way off in a field. There neither is running water nor electric light in his cabin, he never has tasted stuffed celery or a dry Martini, he has had to hoe his own garden patch for food after his regular working hours, and it is to be hoped that he never will get mad at the world for holding out on him. tt u Hard Story to Sell ALTHOUGH the liquor story out of the big city or some spending place along thfe Florida coast contains elements which must be of interest to the man in the field, provided he has the education and the light after dark to read them, the story of his existence is less easy to sell to the urban citizen. This, too. is a contrast piece but. it tells of toil so hard that the very reading of it would make the muscles ache for days and of monotony which just goes on and on to the end. The six-bit laborer is a tragic mistake and why punish one's self thinking needlessly of w’oe? There are sections of this country in which repeal can make no personal difference to the people living there because they can’t possibly lay up enough money out of their earnings to pay even the taxes, let alone the purchase price of liquor, though there were official stores at every crossroad. Still it should interest them in a strange way to know that there are other sections of the same land in which the citizens wear Sunday clothes every day and work at sitting down tasks in offices for a scale of pay which enables them to buy liquor for $5 or more a bottle and drinks for four bits each, and up. (Copyrißht. 1934. by United Feature Syndicate. Inc.l

Today's Science BY DAVID DIETZ CHEMISTS expect many important discoveries of great importance to industry, agriculture and medicine to come in the future in the field of colloid chemistry This is one of the newest fields of investigation and consequently one in which there is yet more to be discovered than is known. The colloid is a sort of “in-between” state of matter, defying exact attempts at classification. To understand colloids, we must first get in mind the' ordinary behavior of matter. Let us suppose that we have dropped a handful of fine sand into a tumbler of water. After a short time, the grains of sand all settle to the bottom. The sand is insoluble in water. On the other hand, let us suppose that we put some table salt in the tumbler of water. The salt disappears entirely from view. We say that has dissolved in the water. What has happened is that the crystals of salt have broken down and the individual molecules of salt are now scattered about among the molecules of the water. In addition, many of the molecules of salt have further broken up into electrified atoms known as ions. Between the phenomenon represented by the insolubility of the sand and that represented by the solubility of the salt is the “in-between” realm of the colloid. tt a tt IN the colloid, the substance involved is neither dissolved in the liquid nor is it precipitated or thrown down to the bottom. Instead, it remains scattered through the liquid in particles of various sizes. The condition is described technically by saying that the particles are held in suspension. Some colloidal solutions appear to the eye to be true solutions. A number of tests, however, will reveal the difference. For example, when a beam of light is passed through c colloidal solution, tl.<f light is scattered in all directions by the colloidal particles? An examination of colloidal solutions with highpowered microscopes has revealed that the colloidal particles are not at rest but in continual motion. These vibratory motions, known as Brownian movements, because a botanist by the name of Robert Brown first noticed them, are the result of bombardment of the colloidal particles by the molecules of the liquid in which they are suspended. It is now thought that it is this molecular bombardment which keeps the particles in suspension. It is interesting to note that Professor Albert Einstein, in 1905. worked out the mathematical proofs of the Brownian movements. / tt a A PARTICULARLY important and interesting type of colloidal solution is known as an emulsion. It consists of two liquids and a third substance knowm as the emulsifying agent. Let us suppose that some olive oil is mixed with a glass of water. If allowed to stand a little while, the oil separates from the water and floats on top of it. But if a little soap is added to the mixture, the olive oil remains suspended through the water in tiny colloidal drops. The reason is that the molecules of soap have formed little protective coatings around the droplets of oil. Because of these coatings the droplets can not unite and coalesce. Consequently the oil remains suspended in the water and a coiled is formed.

PI

Westbrook Pegler