Indianapolis Times, Volume 46, Number 3, Indianapolis, Marion County, 15 May 1934 — Page 11

It seem to Me HEVWOOD BROUN SEVEN MILES NORTH OF STAMFORD, Conn., May 15.—As we came around a bend in the road •a big dog leaped fr*n the woods and began to bark at ua furiously. It turned out to be Captain Flagg, the -Airedale, and so I knew that we must have strayed off the Albany Post road at some point in our journey. When you meet Flagg you know you are not in Albany and that you are six or seven miles north of Stamford. In fact, we followed him for about half a mile and came slap-dash into my farm. This is not altogether unfortunate, because in two days now of the transcontinental trip we had made

almost forty miles as the crow flies and quite a lot more as Eddie, the Buick. goes. Naturally, a real period seems indicated. I want to have a chance to go over my notes and see just what I have learned since leaving New York a couple of days ago. One of the chief objectives of the trip is to give me a chance to acquaint myself with farm problems. I can begin right here. My farm has just as many problems as any of which I ever heard. From the very’ beginning there was always the question as to whether I should be a dirt or a gentleman farmer. I have decided to raise dirt. Gentlemen are very

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Ileywood Broun

difficult to raise. They require a great deal of attention, and you have to take them in at night. n n n Sometimes They Are Tinned MOREOVER, what with the changing times, it's hard to find a market for gentlemen even after you have them raised. Nobody wants them any more. It Isn't worth the trouble of keeping away the moths and the beetles. The rust got the last lot I set out, and about the most useless thing In the world is a rusty gentleman. People who never have been dirt farmers think of lhat occupation as simple. I can't speak for all dirt farmers, but it is no easy job to raise dirt in Connecticut. Too many rocks go with it. My plantation has been worked in one way or another for more than two hundred years, including my own tenure. Late in the seventeenth century a small band of Puritans settled along Hunting Ridge and built a stockade right at the point where my studio now stands. I have some timbers in my walls wiih the original loopholes still in them. All my life I have collected loopholes. B B B The Game and the Candle SOMETIMES when I come in from the fields and sit down to paint I wonder whether the sacrifices these early settlers made have been justified by the march of time. I cast a critical eye at my latest canvas, “Roekbound Coast in Heavy Fog,” and say, “And did brave men work and fight and die to make possible the freedom of these seas?” Just how much work was done by the Puritans who had my place I can't say. They certainly didn't get all the rocks out. They didn't even remove the arrowheads. The north lawn and the south lawn are just cluttered with arrow-heads. Evidently the whole plateau was the scene of fierce and furious fighting with some Indian tribe which had a lot of speed and no control. There is no evidence that any arrow much as touched the hem.of a garment. On the whole. I suppose I'm glad that the Indians were exterminated by the tenants who preceded me. I don't want any rugs, and I wouldn't like to be railed Big Chief Ought-to-Lose-a-Lot-of-Weight. I don't have to get up in the morning and smoke a pipe of peace and say “ugh” and 'heap big” and ‘ how" and build birch bark canoes. But most of all I am grateful to the Puritans for having saved me from sloth and lack of character. Indian fighting tends to make the individual soft and generally useless. I don't want to hurt anybody's feelings, but I never knew- an old Indian fighter who also wasn't an old bum. Th° life gets you. B B B Tony Ago I'pon the Ridge TAKE, for instance, little John Standish, who lived in the stockade years ago before I had the plumbing put in. I can see him saying to his mother, “Maw, do I have to go to school today? Can't I go out in the woods and shoot Indians?” It never did her any good to point out that he had flunked his spelling and elementary French in the last examination. The argument always ended with the old Puritan mother saying wearily, “Well, all right, John. But put on your rubbers or you'll catch cold, and remember to be home early and not to shoot any of the varmints near the house.” Mostly, I blame the Puritans for my difficulties in being a dirt farmer in Connecticut. If they had only tilled the soil properly I would be able to raise almost anything. But there they were, fiddling while the rhubarb burned. It was always, “Oh, just one more Indian, Jonathan, and we'll all go home.” And so I go about painfully stooped to get the pebbles and the arrow heads and the big boulders out of the good earth What do these Puritan loafers think I'm made of? (Copvrißht. 1934. by The Timesi

Your Health BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN DURING the World war, trench mouth was widespread among the troops in France. The war is more than fifteen yeaj,s away, yet this loathsomp condition persists and- in- fact, is spreading rather rapidly throughout the United States. You ran tecoeruye this,disease by the rather foul odor it causes, and by tlip destruction of the gums around the teeth, with the formation of pus and with such injury that bleeding is almost constant. The gums really slough away from the teeth. Naturally, with the mouth in this condition the person with trench mouth is likely to have fever and to lose his appetite. Because it persists, he will even become depressed. The only hope of control is better personal dental hvgiene and adequate treatment of each case as it develops. a a a PHYSICIANS call the disease Vincent’s infection. because the organism which causes it first was discovered by a French doctor named Vincent. The person who has Vincent's infection may spread the condition to others through eating utensils. drinking cups, and fountains, by kissing, or in many other ways. There are innumerable methods now advanced for treatment of trench mouth amd an extraordinary number of patent preparations which are claimed to be specific. Most of those now offered contain sodium perborate, which has been found to have a good effect in cleaning up the condition. ana MOREOVER, all sorts of antiseptic mouth washes have a certain degree of usefulness in getting rid of bacteria and in removing the dabris of dead tissue. Because the Vincent’s organism is a spirochete, it has been customary to use neosalvarsan. painting it directly on the lesions and. in very severe cases, injecting It into the body. If the mouth is put into a thoroughly hygienic condition, it is difficult for any type of dangerous bacteria to persist. Os the utmost importance, therefore, in handling cases of trench mouth, is proper tttention to the teeth and the gums by competent dentists. Removal of deposists around the teeth and cleaning up the cavities and crevices make it difficult for the germs to grow and persist around the teeth and in the gum*

, • - ' . : ■■■■ ‘ 't,s . ■ The Indianapolis Times

Full Leased Wire Service of the Cnited Press Association

WANTED DEAD OR ALIVE!

Outlaws Live Briefly in Glory; Find Trail Has One End —Doom

Thu I* th* Wf *tx ahorhin* jtdrte* tellinr Hnw hutlM. roji, and prison roll have ended the career* of notorious bandits or the pp*t and relating the record* and tiring detailed descriptions of the “most wanted" criminals of today. * , B B B f BY WILLIS THORNTON NEA Service Staff Correspondent GERALD CHAPMAN. Charles Birger, and Richard Reese Whittemore, jn their day. were every bit as desperate, and defied the law just as successfully, as today's Dillingers and Barrows. Yet each of them met his doom at the end of a rope. In some wavs Chapman.was the slipperiest of all. He boasted openly that no jail could hold him. and for a while he made the boast good. Son of decent Irish parents who had destined him for the priesthood, he received the beginnings of a good education. But he quit school at 17, and launched into petty thievery, which brought him to Auburn prison and acquaintance w’ith George Anderson, a really welleducated professional crook. On release, Chapman went to Detroit and dabbled in bootlegging. There he joined Anderson, and the two, urged by a mutual taste for high living, went to New York, B e B .Ban With Charles Loerber, a run-of-mine crook, they planned and pulled off the greatest postefflee robbery ever perpetrated—got away clean with loot of $2,500,000 in bonds and other valuables.

Despite this huge haul, the trio was tempted to pull off. only a few weeks later, at Buffalo. N. Y„ a railway express robbery of $70,000 in money orders, even harder to cash in on than the numbered bonds. This set Gordon T. McCarthy, express detective, on their trail, and he soon traced one of the cashed money orders to Loerber. Further, the bonds began to be traced, though cautiously sold. Detectives rounded up all three very neatly, and took them to the post office for questioning. It w T as hpre that Chapman made his apparent leap from the third-story window, walking a stone coping and letting himself in another window. BBS HE was promptly recaptured, but Loerber, thinking Chapman dead, was meanwhile telling the whole story, and Chapman and Anderson w r ere sentenced to twen-ty-five years in prison for the mail robbery. Within six months chapman escaped from the hospital ward at Atlanta penitentiary, but was recaptured quickly in a pistol battle. Escaping a second time, he joined forces with Anderson, and the two took part in bootlegging and robbery operations from Boston to Baltimore and Savannah, including an especially coldblooded murder of patrolman Skelley in New- Britain, Conn., when the officer interrupted a safe robbery. B B B AT a Muncie <lnd.) doctor's office, the trail ended. Detectives spotted Chapman, rapped him on the jaw when he tried to shoot them down, and brought him to trial apd conviction. No \ was spared, legal or financial; to delay ort avert Chapman’s just desserts. But he sat. none the less, in the death cell, writing sonnets and vague philosophies until the end. “Futility sets in at times like a tightening mold,” he wrote his lawyer. Futility, indeed. A clever, imaginative mind which did not turn to decent channels until just before men came at midnight to put felt slippers on his feet and strap his arms. The felt slippers shuffled slowly down a corridor. As the clock ceased striking 12. the warden pressed a littleplunger in the floor.

TODAY AND TOMORROW BBS B B B By Walter Lippmann

THERE are many men who believe that the best silver policy would be to ignore silver and to do nothing about it. They wolud like the President to resist the silver senators in the belief that the agitation will die down.

They recall that Bryanism died down after the Republican victory of 1896 and that for more than thirty years thereafter silver was not an issue in Americal politics. They believe tnat the same chain of events would take place today if Mr. Roosevelt would imitate Cleveland, would stand by gold alone, and would, if necessary, let his party be split on the silver issue as Cleveland's was. History does not repeat itself quite so regularly as that. And if we look at the whole history of the silver agitation in the United States from 1873 to the present day. we can see, I believe, why the events of 1896 are not likely to repeat themselves. The first' -bijr silver movement" ran its bourse 1873. when silver #as demonetized, arid 1893. when Bryan was defeated. This' was a period of falling prices throughout the world and within that period the United States had two very severe and long depressions and seme minor ones. Most of us who grew up in a Republican atmosphere have been taught to believe that the recovery after 1896 and the prosperity which followed were due to the victory of sound gold money in the McKinley campaign. 8 B B NO doubt the ending of monetary uncertainty was a good thing. But it may be doubted seriously whether the nonpartisan historians would agree today that it was McKinley's victory which ended the uncertainty that had prevailed for more than twenty years, or that it was the Republican party which made sound money sound. The best historical opinion today is. I believe, that it was not McKinley and Bryan who settled the silver question after 1896, but the opening of the South African gold mines and the invention of new processes for the mining of gold. In this view it was the unexpected abundance of gold at the turn of the century which ended the silver movement of that era by reducing the purchasing power of the gold dollar. If that is the true view of the past, then the present silver movement is not 'hkely to subside unless for one reason or another gold again falls in value and world prices rise once more. Now, the fact is that gold is not falling in value. Even if the world

CERTAINLY no community since World war days has been so completely at the mercy of armed force as southern Illinois in the five coal counties known as Little Egypt. When newly-demobilized young miners began to try out their war knowledge on one another in Little Egypt, there was for three years a complete eclipse of law and order. Feuds between Klan and bootlegger elements, equally lawless, started the Egypt troubles, and shootings, torture and night riding terrorized even the tough mine community. Then it simmered down to a feud between two gangs, one headed by the three notorious Shelton brothers, one headed by Charlie Birger. Before the lawless feud ended, fifteen men and two women lay dead. Birger was a New Yorker who drifted to Harrisburg, Saline county. 111., when he was demobilized as a cavalryman. He was affable and kindly, a good family man, and was well-liked. He became allied with the Sheltons in bootleg operations. But in 1925 there was a dispute over money, and the Sheltons and Birger became sworn enemies. Each fortified headquarters, the Sheltons at Herrin, Birger at Shady Rest, a “roadhouse” in Williamson county. Using every army weapon except gas and heavy artillery, the two gangs turned Little Egypt into a shambles as they fought each other to the death. ~ * B FINALLY, Birger, convinced that Mayor Adams of West City had aided the Sheltons in their coup which bombed and burned Shady Rest to the ground, ordered Adams’ death. Summoned to his door one night by a forged note, Adams was shot down in cold deliberation by two Birger henchmen. Indicted. 3irger surrendered without a struggle. Heavily armed posses protected him from possible reprisals by the Shelton gang, and one sheriff actually provided him with a machine gun in his cell to protect himself against any such attack. This unique development of penology caused a great stir. Birger was sentenced to death for having instigated Adams’ murder.

gold supply is sufficient, as some experts think it is, the supply is hoarded and sterilized practically everywhere. The gold that has been coming out of the mines and out of the hoards of India is promptly buried again in the central banks and in private vaults. As long as this condition exists, the silver agitation will not only not subside, but will become more intense. For what does this hoarding of gold mean? It means that an immense part of the world's purchasing power, all the value represented by the sterilized gold plus all the credit that could be . built on the gold, is withheld from the markets for goods. y and fropf‘ ; jnvestments and is froz&i into divert gold, bars that lffc underground in Paris, New York, Washington, London, and elsewhere. The need of the world is to release this purchasing power that has taken refuge in gold and is captive there. This means that the gold hoarders of the world, the governments, the central banks, the individuals frightened by the deflation of the past years, somehow must be induced to believe that it is safer and more profitable to sell gold and to buy things. a h b THE way to induce them to believe this is to show them that gold itself is depreciating while other things are appreciating. that if they cling to gold they will grow poorer, whereas, for the last five years, the one investment that was sure to be profitable was in gold. The silver movement has no importance except as one means to accomplish this result. There is no more point in buying silver for its own sake than there is in buying coffee or peanuts or scrap iron. The silver producers are entitled to no better treatment than any other group of producers. For that reason a mere proposal to purchase silver and then store it in the treasury vaults would be of no general interest. Unless silver is used to break up the world-wide comer in hoarded and sterilized gold, there is no true silver policy. ' There is merely a subsidy to the silver interests. That is why the recent pro-

INDIANAPOLIS, TUESDAY, MAY 15, 1934

gif JUs'

Three men who lived by the gun—but who died by the rope . . . Gerald Chapman, left, and Richard Reece Whittemore. top right, w\?re as cold blooded killers as ever pulled a trigger while Charles Birger, below with his wife and two little daughters for whom hr;? wanted to live, also had to pay with his life for a machine gun reign of terror.

Birger had tried to plead insanity; then he pleaded his duty to this family and the proper upbringing of his daughters. But at last he received at the. end of a rope the same degree of mercy he had extended to Mayor Adams. B tt tt * a ''tnujKh; seems always a certain A elemental justice when' the law denies mercy to a man who has given none to the men he murdered. But in the case of Richard Reese Whittemore, there was an additional grim element in this justice. The trap through which Whittemore dropped to doom was less than 300 feet from the spot where he had savagely murdered a penitentiary guard. There v/as never a more contemptuous, defiant, or audacious criminal than Whittemore. He was the descendant of an old and honorable Maryland family. At the age of 10 he was brought to court charged with firing a pistol within the Baltimore city limits. This charge was dismissed, but he was soon back with a whole series of juvenile delinquencies. Escaping from reform school, he

posal of the silver bloc that there be a declaration of policy reestablishing silver as reserve money is of such great interest. . A declaration of this sort w r ould serve notice upon the whole world that the weight of the United States would be exerted to depress the value of gold. For if silver becomes basic money in the United States it means that the United States is making silver'interchangeable with gold, not necessarily at a fixed ratio, but at the ratio which it determines is most likely from time to time to make gold cheaper and thereafter to keep it reasonably stable. (Copyright, 1934) Bov, 10, Killed by Shock ARCOLA. IND., May 15.—Electric shock suffered by Lester Butts, 10. when he seized a high tension w-ire while climbing a tree in the yard of his home here caused his death late yesterday.

SIDE GLANCES By George Clark

v if. .■ ■ ,-^if/ I • ■ t J>7 ■ f 0.-aj* silver rue etc a-s frr

?g this all you have? I don’t find these very amusing.”

was sentenced to the house of correction. He escaped, enflsted in the coast guard, deserted, got into a series of escapades and robberies, and was sent to prison. Released after serving three years, he went into crime in earnest. When they were cornered in a Philadelphia apartment by police raiders, Whittemore’s wife stealthily opened a bureau drawer and tossed pistols to two members of the gang, opening fire with a third. But five members of the gang were rounded up here and sentenced to prison. B B B THEN whittemore’s full tigerishness revealed itself. One day while passing through the prison yard he whipped a piece of iron pipe from his shirt and so savagely assaulted Robert H. Holtman, a prison guard, that Holtman fell in a pool of blood and died. Whittemore stole his gun. keys, and money and escaped. He reorganized his gang in New York, and in a year is believed to have looted stores of $1,000,000. Six murders were attributed to

The

DAILY WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND

By Drew Pearson and Robert S. Allen

WASHINGTON, May 15.—“ Sunny” Jim Watson, former gladhanding Republican senator from Indiana, has been secretly summoned to Washington to explain his back income tax returns. . . . Inside word is that Jim’s son and a fairly large sum are involved. . . . Ever since young Henry Morgenthau began cleaning out the internal revenue bureau, all income tax returns over $5,000 have been examined, regardless of persons or politics. . . . Jim Watson has been casting longing eyes toward the chairmanship of the Republican national committee. Sistie Ddii is one of the best pupils in her class here at the private school which she attends. . . . She is always up in her lessons, makes good marks, is ever ready to participate in any plans or programs the teacher has to suggest, . . . Buzzie. being a boy, is somewhat less tractable, but his deportment is satisfactory, at least, .

Republicans are sorely discouraged at the results of their

Whittemore, and Buffalo. New York, and Baltimore detectives were all on his bloody trail. Closer and closer they came, and one night, as Whittemore left a west side night club in New York and took his seat in his car parked outside, police guns stared him in the face. A Buffalo jury disagreed at his trial there for murder of two pay roll guards, and Whittemore was taken home to Baltimore. There he was speedily convicted of the murder of the guard Holtman. Every legal resource was exhausted. even to an appeal to the United States supreme court; the:man who had given Holtman no chance was given every chance himself. But it was in vain. There in the Maryland penitentiary, within a Jew feet of the spot where he had struck down Holtman. Richard Reese Whittemore felt the scratchy caress of a knot of new hemp as it nestled beside his ear. Next —Within a year, the law ha s closed its hooks on at least five of the most desperate men of today; bars and bullets have balanced the accounts.

recent attacks on the new' deal. . . .Dave Reed is finding the going tough against Pinchot, in Pennsylvania. . . . The Wirt fiasco, designed to prove the ministration is setting up a dictatorship, w'as a bad boomerang to its Republican sponsor's 1 . : A ' ana y : GEORGE PEEK gase a large and sumptuous dinner the other day. At it was Ambassador Luther, envoy of the nation which hates France and loves Hitler. ALso there was Bernard Baruch. George Peek, being a good host, attempted to introduce his guests to each other. The German ambassador held out his hand.... But Baruch looked straight through him. . . . Later he told a friend: “Was I expected to shake hands with the representative of a government which has done such things to my people?”... It doesn't make any difference whether you agree with Senator Key Pittman on silver. The fact remains that he made silver ... Long ago. he put silver quietly into the limelight, has succeeded in keeping it there. Colonel Lynch, whom General Johnson has made second in command of the NR A, is referred to by army colleagues as “DumbDora” Lynch Forthright Tuck Milligan, one of the most-hard-fisted Democrats in the house, once was court-martialled for going forward too fast during the World War. With his forces shot to pieces, he went c “fore the signal to attack wa, and captured a German rrflßftne gun nest —chiefly with revolvers. Alaskan Quakes Recorded By Unit"i Prrn* NEW YORK. May 15.—Two earthquake shocks of moderate intensity. appearing to have centered in southern Alaska, were reported today by Fordham university se tern ological experts.

Second Section

Entered as Hecond-Class M*U>r at Pn*trrioe. Indianapolis, Ind.

Fair Enough MEMPHIS Tenn, May 15. AU mountain ham- - let called GaHinbursr, high in the Big Smokies, I encountered a few years ago. a' beautiful story of the character of the true Tennessee mountaineer which I intended to write at the time but did not get around to.-probably because it was such a story as would take some pretty hard writing and x-ing out and re-doing. It was the sort of piece that required, if not flowers and fiddle music, at least calm conditions and

plenty of time and neither a hotel room nor a train seemed quite the place for the attempt. Moreover, I wondered if it really was as pretty a story as I thought because I am one who can bubble up at the sight of a baby’s shoe, under certain conditions, or break down and bawl over the tragedy of a mildewed bum on a park bench because he is some mother's son So, today, having an audience in Memphis, I tried it out. beginning and going along about as follow*: The head man of the little mountain hamlet at Gatlinburg, Tenn.. is a tall, lean party named Andy Huff whose hair is as b'ack

as an Indian’s and whose brown eyes shine with that honesty for which the mountaineer of ‘ the B? Smokies is noted wherever people know about him. a a A Model Mountaineer ANDY HL T FF could do for a model of the fine, simple mountaineer who helps his neighbors, fears God and takes his own part.. He runs a hotel nowadays, thanks to the accident which created a national forest in the Big Smokies and brought the pavempnt to his door, but. in other* years, for a long time, his place was no hotel, but just a sort of crude mountain inn. without a bath, to which a few casuals came now and again for a few days away from it all. Among his guests in the inn in those old days was a city fellow out of New York who pretended that. he.had come there merely to got away from it all but soon turned out to be a private detective trying to get Andy's affidavit, and a fa’se one. at that, against a young woman who had been his guest a short time before. He was willing to pay a reasonable price for this perjury and this suggestion only marie Andy Huff the madder and he ran the private detective down the mountain in great indignation. This is the nature of your true Tennessee mountaineer. Mrs. Andy Huff was a woman of the same character. She worked hard around the inn, reared her family to be honest and kind and brave and lived this good life until she died a few years ago. During her younger years she often climbed the peaks around Gatlinburg and she always had planned and wanted to climb Mount Le Conte, the highest of them all. But she never quite got around to that when she was well and late in her life, after she had begun to weaken from the illness which finally took her off, she couldn’t make it. n n tt She Saw the Peak STILL, Mrs. Huff pined to see the top of Le Conte, where her oldest son. whose name, I think, is George, had built a shelter cabin for himself and often withdrew for days at a time to hunt or just view the view and enjoy the grandeur of the scene. She would look up the peak from the high valley the inn stood and remark that she would love to be able to see it before she died. And finally, one day, this son George, if that is the boy’s name, came around the side of the house with a curious contraption strapped to his back and knelt down and told her to get in. Mrs. Huff’s son had built a chair tor her and, on his own back, the boy carried his mother up the rock trail to the top of Le Conte and down again. Not very long after that Mrs. Huff died and not long after that the boy got married. The boy got married and the place he chose for his wedding was the peak where he had toted his mother to gratify the last wish of her life. He married his girl on the mountain top just as dawn was coloring the smoky mist of the hills. “Yes," said Ed Meeman. who had been listening to the narrative. “I can vouch for all of that. It i3 an absolutely true story. I know because I was editor of a paper over there. Andy Huff and all the Huffs are honest, brave people and very sentimental about those mountains. There is just one little correction which I would suggest, though.” There w*as a pause and Mr. Meeman said; ‘lt isn’t much of a correction. But the fact is that the Huffs aren’t really Tennessee mountaineers at all. They are Pennsylvania Dutch who came down here only twenty years ago.” (Copyright, 1934, by United Feature Syndicate. Inc.)

Today's Science BY DAVID DIETZ

WHEN Dr. Ales Hrdlicka, world-famous anthropologist of the Smithsonian institution, sails for Kodiak island this month, he will take a small tractor with him. On Kodiak island, which is off the coast of Alaska, Dr. Hrdlicka expects to use the tractor to unearth the history of the people who form the conecting link between Asia and ancient America. This island, in the opinion of Dr. Hrdlicka. was one of the stepping stones used some 15.000 years age when successive migrations of people made their way from Asia into America by way of Alaska. Dr. Hrdlicka believes that these peoples were the ancestors, of the American Indian and that, moreover. they were the first to set foot upon the American contiitent. He has mow spent several summers excavating . upon Kodiak island. During thLs work he has uncovered one of the most remarkable aboriginal cultures in the new world. He has found abundant evidence that the island was once thickly populated. This year. Dr. Hrdlicka expects to spend all his time working upon one large village site which he has partially explored in past summers. E'XCAVATIONS which”Dr* Hrdlicka has previ- / ously made in the old Kodiak villages indicate that the island was Inhabited by two successive peoples, differing considerably in their physical characteristics. The earliest inhabitants whose skeletal remains have been found in the lowest strata of the accu- , mulated debris, approach the physical type of the California and other west coast Indians. Dr. Hrdlicka says. These remains are found in hollows in the glacial gravels at depths ranging from eight to fifteen feet. They represent the earliest remains of man in good condition thus far found in the far north. These earliest inhabitants were apparently wiped out. At least, they disappeared. Their disappearance may have been due to epidemics, massacres, or mass migrations. This is one of the subjects Dr. Hrdlicka's work this summer may explain. This first type of man was followed by a second, ' the so-called Aleut. The Aleut persisted down to comparatively recent time and was found upon the island by the Russians. The earlier people brought a stone age culture to'•the island with them. The culture was highly developed, indicating a highly developed society in the parts of Asia from which they originally came. a a a THERE is a considerable discussion now under way in the world of science as to the antiquity of man in America. Dr. Hrdlicka's opinion has been that m?n,is a. comparative nfVicoiper in America. He believes that just series of waves of migration brought the whites to America after Coluinbus’ historic journey, so some 15.000 years earlier, the Indians made their way into America by a of waves of migration from Asia.

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Westbrook Prgler