Indianapolis Times, Volume 45, Number 301, Indianapolis, Marion County, 27 April 1934 — Page 21

It Jeern to He HEYWOOD BROUN IN' all the discussions for and against the brain trust I do not remember having seen any mention of that great American who was assuredly the first of the species. It seems to me that when he was appointed secretary’ of state bf George Washington in 1789 Thomas Jefferson became the first of the brain trusters. Jefferson was, of course, an intellectual radical with strong educational interests. He was. in fact, the founder of the University of Virginia. * An assiduous reader of Rousseau, Jefferson was decidedly a theorist and an experimentalist. In his frequent conflicts with Alexander Hamilton I haven't a doubt that many people suggested that Jefferson should go back to his books and not interfere with the practical wisdom of a big business man. Wash-

ington himself pobably was the richest man in America and he, too. undoubtedly looked askance at some of the dreams and visions of his young secretary of state. a m a Long lief ore Tugwell Thomas jefferson was 46 when he assumed that pos*. He was only a few years older than our own Guy Rexford Tugwell. But in spite of youth, radicalism, booklishness and theories, Jefferson sailed through to serve two terms as President and become the patron saint of

Ifeywood Broun

the Democratic party. It is quite strange to hear that at some of the Jefferson day dinners which are held by the dead stateman's admirers there is often bitter talk about professorial intelligence. Indeed I am told that the wish has been expressed for the shedding of all the intellectuals and their replacement by practical politicians. But Jefferson, in spite of his book learning, was no mean politician on his own account. He had a bit the better of it, in his dealings with Hamilton, and he was able to thwart the persuasive plots of Aaron Burr, me finest lobbyist of his day. And one of Jefferson's lined descendants in type though not in stature has but recently proved that a modern member of the brain trust need not be a helpless infant under the fire of political criticism. Professor Tugwell in his speech before the American newspaper editors talked to such good purpose as to still entirely the whispering campaign which came to a head in the pagan revels of Dr. Wirt. The journalists came to scoff, but went away all but persuaded. a a a Outside the Ramparts TO be sure, it was not a hundred per cent victory. When the slain and captured were counted it was discovered that Dr. Wirt, William Randolph Hearst and Walter Lippmann still remained outside the ramparts. This trio still blows loudly upon the ram's horn and waits with eagerness for the walls to come tumbling down. Mr. Lippmann, like many critics who are too distant from the Washington scene, makes the mistane of ascribing to Tugwell administration plans and devices concerning which he has played but a small part or none at all. The institution of NR A in particular is probably no creation of Tugwell's, and there are some things in his declared economic philosophy which might mark him as one in opposition to the scheme. Probably there are many things in the new deal not dreamed of in the Tugwellian philosophy. Os course, Mr. Lippmann, does not go the whole way imo the bog ol misconception with those who ha e seriously asserted that President Roosevelt is a puppet uryier the domination of Henry Wallace, Rex Tugwell and Felix Frankfurter. Nevertheless, the famous pundit has played just around the edges. In his "Today and Tomorrow’’ column land I must insist it is a lovely title for an author who sometimes likes to face both ways) Mr. Lippmann asailed NRA because, "by the blanket code and NRA, the cost of production has been raised before industry had increased its volume enough to cafry these costs." B B B A Twice-Told Tale TO me this seems a strange position, although it is not unfamiliar. Mr. Hearst has urged it on many occasions, even before he had the support of Mr. Lippmann. The theory, as I understand it, is that business should be burdened with no responsibility for raising wages or shortening hours until the head men have had an opportunity of stowing away some profits. After a time it is expected that more or less voluntarily they will invite the employes in for crackers and milk. It seems to me that there are two answers to this contention. The first is that NRA has been so mild in reducing hours and raising wages that few industries have been compelled to take on any considerable extra costs. And the second and more important reply is that the workers are no longer of a mind to sit by patiently in the hope of belated invitations to a midnight lunch. They want to come in with the olives and stay through to the demi-tasse. They just can not attain the cool detachment of a Hearst or a Lippmann and say—" Let us wait a little while longer." Alter all. it is the worker's toe on which our economic system has fallen. And it was a sore toe at that. iCopvrißht, 1934, by The Times)

Today s Science BY DAVID DIETZ

ANEW chapter in the history of mankind which links the savage of caveman days with the beginnings of written history has been unearthed, according to Dr. W. F. Albright, professor of semetics at Johns Hopkins university. Professor Albright calls it the ‘ chalcolithic or cop-per-stone age." It fits in between the stone age and the bronze age. Professor Albright himself unearthed evidence of the copper-stone age in Mesopotamia while conducting an archeological expedition in that region. Sir Flinders Petrie, he said, found evidences of it in Egypt, and other explorers have identified it in Syria and Palestine. The so-called dynastic history of Egypt begins in 3.000 B. C. The discovery of the copper-stone age carries the story of man back to at least 5.000 B. C. f Professor Albright said. "This period marks the beginning of man's social organization.” he said. “It was in this period that man first settled down and began to build villages in the open. "We find two types of huts dating from this period. One was built of reeds. The other was built from crude, unshaped bricks. These bricks were mere lumps of clay which were fitted together to make a wall in the same fashion that we now build fences of round rocks. But these early men were already good artists. The interiors of the huts are decorated with excellent frescoes.” BUB A CHARACTERISTIC of the copper-stone age was the makinc of painted pottery, he says. This us found in Egypt. Syria. Mesopotamia and Palestine. As the name indicates, copper was known at this time, but stone was still largely employed. Dr. Albright says that in the countries named, man went directly from the middle stone age to the copper-stone age. Meanwhile, in Europe, where copper was not yet known, the middle stone age developed into the new stone age. Recent discoveries in Palestine which have been called remains of the Biblical cities of Sodom and Gomorrah, really belong to the copper-stone age. according to Dr. Albright. The real Sodom and Gomorrah are probably buried beneath the Dead Sea. he says. He believes that some catacylsm. like an earthquake or a dropping or subsidence of a large area of land, accounted for their destruction. He says that it is likely that the cities existed and that most of the bibical characters actually lived. He dates the time of Abraham as between 2,000 and 1.600 B. C. Dr. Albright's discovery is one of the most interesting which has been announced, so far. at the annual spring scientific meetings. Last week America's most famous scientists were in Philadelphia for the spring meeting of the American i Philosophical Society.

rull Wire Service rr **'e I nited Hrese Ansnclatlnn

INDIANA—AND THE NEW DEAL

Sam Pettengill Likes His Work —And Hes His Own Boss

BY WALKER STONE Times Staff Writer WASHINGTON, April 27.—Samuel B. Pettengill is one Indiana congressman who likes his work, and to w’hom the monthly pay check is by no means the most important perquisite of office. The South Bend Democrat who represents the Third district—Elkhart. La Porte and St. Joseph counties—spends long hours at his work. But to him tney are not wearisome hours, for Sam Pettengill has th> feel of the stirring times through which the republic is passing. He gets a big kick out of being able to play a hand in the new deal. There are other Indiana congressmen who work long hours. But for most of them, the hours ar spent working for and pacifying constituents who w-ant to get something out of the government. That is not so in the case of Sam Pettengill. He is no errand-boy congressman. Sam Pettengill is a student of economics, history and government, with a natural flair for legislation. He is no sectionalist, no opportunist; he thinks in the terms of the nation as a whole instead of one congressional district, legislates for the next generation.

Pettengill is a Roosevelt-type Democrat, who believes in a strong national government to protect the people in their right to work and enjoy the fruits of their work. Only twice has he bolted the administration program: Once when he lent a friendly hand to Representative Louis Ludlow in the latter’s fight to prevent construction of a postoffice equipment and furniture factory at the W. Va., subsistence homesteads colony; and again when he voted to override President Roosevelt's veto of the Independent Offices Appropriations bill. The vote against the Reedsville factory was down Pettengill's alley He served as a member of the Shannon committee, which investigated government competition with private enterprise. That investigation resulted in a bill, which w’ill eventually become law, requiring that governmental enterprises be operated on a business basis, w'ith a system of cost accounting that w'ill take into consideration such charges as amortization, taxes and other charges that a privately-owned business enterprise must meet. a a a PETTENGILL, how-ever, is no Bourbon on the question of the government in business. He voted for the bill creating the Tennessee Valley Authority to manufacture power at Muscle Shoals and sell it on a basis of fair competition with private enterprise. The South Bend congressman's vote to override the President's veto of the independent offices bill was one of his few actions tnat revealed that he is not always defiant of organized minorities. Although he has the courage to vote against organized minorities when he thinks it necessary, Pettengill is not obvious to the political necessity of keeping the voters in line. His vote on tha veto came only a few days after his vote against cash payment of the veterans’ bonus. For his vote against the bonus, Pettengill received a warm commendatory letter from President Rosevelt.

TODAY and TOMORROW a a a a a a ~. By Walter Lippmann

IN resisting the silver movement in congress it w’ould be a pity for the President to give out the impression that he regards further monetary action to break the depression as useless. Some such impression has been conveyed in the newspaper dispatches. There are. to be sure, excellent reasons for objecting to the present silver proposals. Technically they are among the poorest which have been dicussed in congress, and, furthermore, any measure in the field of mony which is compulsory is unsound. To have a congressional majority lay down a fixed rule as to w’hat must be done in such uncertain times as these, and then go home, is a risky procedure. If the President can be trusted to manage silver. To give him discretion about one metal and not about the other is no w'ay to get a coherent naional

policy. But when all this h%s been said, it is still necessary to recognize that we are in the early stages of monetary reconstruction after the greatest monetary debacle in modern history, and that the congressional sentiment for inflation is based on that fact. The methods put forward at the moment may be bad ones; the mandatory procedure may be very bad, but the impulse arises from the real needs of the people and calls for positive satisfaction. t n u 'T'HERE are two directions in which constructive measures have still to be taken. The first of these is to make effective, under careful control, the effects of the gold devaluation. By that measure we have made possible a very great expansion of the supply of money. But the expansion has been inconsiderable and ought to be greatly increased. It can not safely be accomplished by government spending alone. It can only be accomplished in substantial amount by loans from banks to producers and by the sale of mortgages and securities. To this expansion, to this credit inflation or reflation—whatever may be the proper name for it—there are certain obstacles. There is the securities act as it now stands. There are certain features of the banking act which disrupt the mechanism for underwriting securities. There may be some aspects of the stock exchange bill even in its amended form, though that is less clear. There are those policies of NRA which raise construction costs and therefore discourage new enterprise. And then there is a state of mind, always latent in the federal reserve system and in the treasury, which disposes those who manage our money to shut down on expansionist policies when they are beginning to take effect. This happened two or three times since 1930. and there are some slight indications that it might happen again. In any event a bold, consistent policy of credit expansion is needed to make effective what the gold devaluation made possible. Such a policy calls for the amendment of those laws which obstuct it and then a resolute use of the whole mechanism of credit expansion. We must not let the theoretical possibilities of too much credit inflation obscure the actual dangers and miseries of the deflation which still exists.

The Indianapolis Times

But he also received a shower of protests from war veterans back in his district, and caused Frank Eby, Elkhart farmer and paper money advocate, to enter the race against Pettengill for the Democratic nomination for congress. Pettengill belongs to the soundmoney group in congress, but he does think that some good might be accomplished in the monetary field by more extensive coinage of silver. <r * # “TT\OWN through the ages,” said Petttengill, “the people have had faith in metals. Theoretically, all of the currency might as well be paper. But people have more faith in metals than men.” Pettengill is an active, hardworking member of the committee on interstate and foreign commerce, the house committee that is now handling most of the important economic social legislation. This committee handles all legislation dealing with railroads, and the Hoosier representative is the author of a bill now before the committee which would amend Section 4 of the interstate commerce act, the clause dealing with long and short-haul freight rates. The Pettengill bill would amend this section to provide for lower rates, to enable the manufacturers of the midwest to ship their products by rail to the populous centers on the seaboard, at rates that will enable the midwest factories to compete with coast factories. To illustrate: Under present freight rates, it is cheaper for the Studebaker plant in South Bend to ship its cars, consigned for Portland. Ore., by rail to Philadelphia and by water to Portland, via the Panama canal, than it is to ship direct by rail from South Bend to Portland. The rail-water haul to Portland requires weeks, whereas an all-rail direct shipment from South Bend to Portland would require but a few days. ana NINE of the eleven members of the interstate commerce commission have indorsed the Pettengill bill, including Railroad

THIS is the immediate task before us, and it can promote a very considerable revival. But it is not likely to bring full recovery. For, since large sections of the country are dependent upon the sale of goods that go into world markets, since the country as a w'hole is dependent upon the prosperity of all its parts, the level of world pricfle-j s a matter of great concern to "us. That level is not rising much, and it can not be made to rise by the expansion of our owm credit. There are several w'ays in which

SIDE GLANCES

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“Mama is going to queer everything. Keeps telling him a man shouldn’t marry a woman with an expensive family,’*

INDIANAPOLIS, FRIDAY, APRIL 27, 1934

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Co-ordinator Eastman. The midw'est manufacturers are for it, because the present differential in freight rates has forced several manufacturers to move their factories from the midw'est to the seaboard. The railroads and the railroad labor organizations are for it, because the differential has diverted millions of tons of traffic to water carriers. Asa member of the interstate and foreign commerce committee, Pettengill had an active part in the passage of the truth-in-secur-ities law, a :aw which he now’ believes is a littl# too rigid. His committee now’ is working on the stock market regulation bill. On this legislation, too, Pettengill is “just to the left of center.” He wants regulation more drastic than the Wall Street bankers are willing to acept. but he has held out against all provisions tending toward government censorship of securities. “All w'e need is elastic pow’ers to contract margin requirements in boom periods, elimination of the frauds that have been all too com-

this condition could theoretically be cured. One w'ay would be the suspension of the gold standard in all countries, and the refusal of central banks to buy any more gold. The value of gold would collapse and world prices would almost certainly rise. This will not happen, how'ever, for the peoples of the world are more attached to gold than ever and will not stop accumulating it if they can. It is here that the silver advocates make their strongest case. They say: Gold acquires its chief value from the fact that it is law--ful money; make silver lawful money in some ratio to gold, fixed or fluctuating as seems expedient, and silver, having become interchangeable with gold, w'ill become an equivalent for the gold. The monetization of silver would have the same result as great new' discoveries of gold. That is to say it would raise w'orld prices. AUTO’ HITS PEDESTRIAN Victim Sent to Hospital With Head Injuries. Everett Pierce, 56 of 237 North Gray street, suffered head injuries late last night, w'hen he w*as knocked dow'n by an automobile driven by Forrest Carroll. 21, R. R. 11. Box 29 L, at Washington street and Bradley avenue. Mr. Pierce was sent to city hospital.

By George Clark

Samuel B. Pettengill

mon, and the power to choke off the siphoning of the people’s credit into speculative channels. The government should not attempt to tell an investor how he can invest his money. This country w’as built up by men who w’ere willing to take chances.” a a a TJETTENGILL now is hard at work on a bill of mammoth proportions, a proposed longrange substitute for the NRA. Pettengill’s proposal would use the taxing power of the federal government, which he describes as ‘an ancient weapon, unquestionably constitutional,’ ’to force private industry to increase wages. His proposal, which incidentally he has submitted to United States Supreme Court Justice Brandeis for criticism, calls for a graduated tax on the excess profits of corporations, a tax law with a loophole in it through which a corporation might escape payment of the high levies by the simple process of increasing w’ages. Pay roll increases are to be considered as tax deductions. Also money laid

-The DAILY WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND By Drew Pearson and Robert S . Allen

WASHINGTON, April 27.—The ocean mail contract—relations soon to be aired by the senate investigators promise more authentic excitement than those uncovered during the air mail probings. The committee’s agents have dug up a huge mass of front-page gasps. Here are a few' of the charges due for public airing. That a certain official of a shipping line heavily subsidized by the government drew' over $300,000 a year in salary and expenses, the latter consisting of such items as $75 a day for meals, SIOO for waiters’ tips. $75 for taxi fare. That another subsidized company had an executive who conceived the brilliant get-rich-quick scheme of charging his own company $600,000 in commissions for buying government vessels at bargain-counter rates. But this is not all. The official will be accused of extracting this money from the company’s till at a time when it was in default to the government on its payment for the ships. That a third concern, which started in the shipping business with the modest sum of SSOO, in eight years, thanks to government subsidies and lavish loans by the shipping board, made a profit of more than $7,000,000. That an attorney was paid a SIOO,OOO fee by one line to obtain a single contract from the government. But even this w'as relatively small change to the swag, the committee agents say, that was grabbed off by the head of a holding company owning several subsidized ship lines. In one year, they report, he netted $500,000 in salary and bonuses. a tt a bob GOOD old Secretary of War Dern, day by day shows himself an increasingly learned and erudite man. The following first paragraph of his latest speech—is offered as the most recent substantiation of his erudition:

“U. S. A. stands for United States of America and also for United States army. Both hold the love of the American people. Os course, there could be no United States army without a United States of America, but perhaps also there would be no United States of America today if there had been no United States army.” ana IT is not always the really significant events transpiring on Capitol hill that get the headlines. Not very much has been printed about the recently enacted Bankhead cotton control bill, but historically it is likely to be the most momentous legislation passed this session. The insiders realize thus. Particularly Secretary Wallace and his AAA staff. It will be up to them to administer the act. They would have preferred a far more extensive public discussion of the revolutionary step before it was written on the statute books. For a revolutionary step it most certainly it. In blunt language what the act does is to end definitely traditional American laissez-faireism as far as the production of cotton is concerned. Henceforth, individual initiative and enterprise are taboo. The farmer, big and small, will grow only that amount of cotton the government tells him he may. nan THERE is nothing voluntary about it. It is compulsory, and the grower who exceeds his government-fixed allotment can be penalized by a heavy tax on every pound of excess production. What is particularly interesting and significant about the program is the fact that its originators and sponsors are among most conservative Democratic

aside by the corporation for unemployment insurance reserves and old-age pension reserves would be deductible from the tax. “Corporations have reserves out of which they pay dividends in times of depression.” said Pcttengil. "Why shouldn't they also have reserves to take care of their workers.” To support his bill, Pettengill quotes figures to show what happened to industrial United States in the ten years from 1919 to 1929: Industrial production increased 48 per cent, number of men employed by industry decreased 6 per cent, total wages paid to industrial workers increased 1.5 per cent, and profits of industry increased 134 per cent. “If profits had been kept down to reason, and a fair share of the earnings of industry had been plowed back into higher wages, there would have been no such slump in purchasing power,” he declared. “It is the economy of high wages that I advocate. My proposal is not radical. It is conservative. NRA is directed toward increasing purchasing power, but my plan would accomplish the same end much quicker, and without regimentation and government interference with industry,” a a a SAM PETTENGILL was born in Oregon, and reared on his uncle's farm in Vermont —land worth $1 an acre. He started shifting for himself at the age of 14. He worked his way through an academy, through Middlebury college in Vermont, through the law r school at Yale university. After graduating from Yale in 1911. he moved to South Bend and hung out his shingle. His fees and retainers for the first year totaled $96, and the second year SSOO. For four years he went deeper into debt. But his practice grew, and he was considered a highly successful lawyer when in 1930 he opened his first campaign for congress as an advocate for outright repeal of national prohibition. Pettengill is one congressman who has never apologized for his vote for the economy law. One time last summer, he spoke to a crowd of war veterans from the same platform with Senator Arthur Robinson. Robinson denounced the economy law as “the most indefensible act ever passed by a cowardly congress.” Pettengill stood his ground, declared that the economy law had been “absolutely necessary to save the nation from bankruptcy.” The veterans gave Pettengill more applause than they had given to “Li’l Arthur.” Sam's friends have been trying to get him to enter the senatorial race against Li’l Arthur. “I'm satisfied wuth my present job," says Sam.

members of congress. The two Bankhead brothers, Representative William B. and Senator John H., both from Alabama, are wealthy men, the latter for years an attorney for the potent Alabama Power and Light Company. The liberal Wallace, and his ‘‘radical” Brain Trusters, on the other hand were cool and reluctant regarding the proposal. ft U St DESPITE the operations of a vigorous lobby, plus a na-tion-wide propaganda campaign, there will be no vote on the world court this session . . . Democratic and Republican senate floor leaders have quietly gotten together to see to that . . . The issue will be stalled in committee until toward the end of the session, and then deftly shoved back into its dusty pigeon-hole . . . Representative Francis Shoemaker, Minnesota Farmer-Laborite who uses up a half page of th congressional directory re’:.: g why he served a term in a federal penitentiary, has moments l awesome modesty . . . Said hf very seriously the other day, ‘ I have only one idio-syncrasy-flowers” . . . Representative Harold McGugin, Kansas’ fervent defender of Dr. “Eat and Tell” Wirt, has one ambition: a quiet, shaded island, “where there are no 'dictators’ and boiled pig shanks are served at every meal.” a a a THE long argued question as to whether a student in a college where military drill is compulsory has the peacetime right to refuse to enroll at last is to be tested in the supreme court . . . The issue was brought before the tribunal through the Civil Liberties Union’s appeal from a state court decision which upheld the suspension of two University of California students for refusing to drill (Copyright. 1934. bv United Feature Syndicate, Inc.j

Second Section

Entered a* Srcoml Oa Matter t Irnllrr apoli*

Fair Enough WEMKIMEt hardly can blame the modern young men of the United States Department of Agriculture for objecting to the mural decoration done by Gilbert White under a commission which he received from the Hoover administration. Things have changed so much since Mr Hoovers time in Washington that the figure representing the rich yield of the earth, which the artist mav have thought very poetic, is just glaring bad taste at this time. Os course Mr. Wallace and Mr. Tugwell are liberals, but there is no type of person more

opinionated and less able to take it than the liberal. If they permit this painting to remain in the department of agriculture without taking any steps to change it to conform to their ow’n notions, that will prove that they never really were liberals at heart. A true liberal can not tolerate another man's opinion. Mr. White, the artist, still may think of the rich yield of the earth as a boon to humanity, but it has been more than a year since that was so. The rich yield of the earth and the great American ideal of efficiency were responsible for the depression. They cluttered the storehouses

with more food and goods than the people could use for years to come. The result was that people were laid off and went hungry because they couldn't buy the rich yield of the earth which kept on storing up food and went cold because they couldn’t buy clothes, while efficiency stored up more and more clothing at the cheapest prices in the history of the country. B B B Are Artists Dumb? A ND now, just as Mr Wallace begins to conquer the sinister specter of the earth's bounty and the southern planter at last begins to flog it into the dumb, thick hide of his mule that he is to tread on the cotton and plow it under, along comes an artist with a picture glorifying the rich yield of the earth. Do you suppose artists never read the newspapers at all, never listen to the radio and never meet anybody? I suppose if the same man had been commissioned to do something for the department of labor he would have turned out a picture of a steam shovel, operated by one man, doing the work of hundreds of men. There seems to me to be no excuse for an artist's failure to get around among people and to keep informed as to what it is all about at any given time. If Mr. White had done so he might have learned what a hard time those superior creatures, the farmers, had last year breaking their field mules of a stupid habit -of treading off the cotton. For generations the mules had been taught that the worst thing a mule could do in this life w’as to tread on the plants—but mules, like artists, are slow to sense change in the world. It was hard to convince them that that which ahvays had been such a great offense was now good conduct. People are quicker. One day it was a crime against the United States Constitution to traffic in alcoholic beverages. The next day it was a patriotic service. B B B Comic Artists Do It '“pHE citizens took the change in their stride, all but Mr. White, the artist, who probably thinks it still is necessary to ring three times and tell them he is a friend of Louie’s when he wants to buy a drink. I think they ought to give an artist a sort of scenario from which to draw his murals in such cases. They do this in the comic strip business with satisfactory results. Working from a scenario, Mr. White might not understand clearly what his painting w’as meant to depict, but that would be all right. In some of the funny picture factories the comic artist just draws and draw’s eight hours a day until the clock strikes and he brushes the eraser-dust off himself, snaps off his visor and sateen sleeves and goes home. He doesn’t know what he has been drawing either, and moreover, he doesn't care. I hope they will not compel Mr. White to do his painting all over, but if they should ask him to bring it up to date he might use the following for guidance: Little boy blue, come blow your horn, The sheep’s in the meadow’, the cow’’s in the corn. The farmer is off on a terrible bust. The tick’s in the cattle, the wheat full of rust. And w-eevil and borers and fungus and germs And woodchucks and rabbits and field mice and worms Are raising the devil and everything’s spoiled God’s in his heaven; all’s right with the world. l Copyright. 1934. by Unite and Feature Syndicate. Inc.)

Your Health BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN

THERE is a special significance about the celebration of Child Health day in 1934. Children always have been among the greatest sufferers during periods of depression. At such times their nutrition is likely to suffer, simply because of lack of adequate food. However, the child also is subjected to exposure, during periods of depression, because of inadequate housing and clothing, and because of inadequate fuel. The children's charter, which came out of the White House conference on Child Health and Protection, says that every child has the right to a dwelling place that is safe, sanitary and wholesome. It lists among the rights of the child, the right to grow up in a family with adequate standards of living. a a st GOOD health is fundamental to efficiency. A healthful child is ab'e to carry on its life with happiness. It does not become too tired quickly. It sleeps well. It is always ready to associate with other children in games and in work. The students of child health have established carefully the signs by which you can recognize whether your child is developing satisfactorily from both mental and physical points of view. The child health charter says that every child is entitled to protection of its nealth from birth through adolescence. Such protection should include a regular physical examination each year nun YOUR Child s weight should be adequate to its height and its age. Its teeth should be clean, free from cavities, and its gums free from infection. If there is difficulty with its breathing from tonsils or adenoids, these should have proper medical attention. Its diet should include adequate amounts of proteins for growth, carbohydrates and fats for energy, mineral salts necessary for development of tissues of the body, and vitamins necessary to adequate development. prevention of infection, and absence of deficiency diseases. From the mental point of view, your child is entitled to suitable study which will show whether its organs can function as well as those of other children. Deficient eyes should have suitable glasses. Hearing that is inferior should be controlled by study as to whether there is. infection. If the child s hearing has been damaged, it should have opportunity of special schools in which those who are blind, deaf, crippled, or otherwise physically handi-j capped may have utmost opportunity to develop. *

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Westbrook Pcgler