Indianapolis Times, Volume 45, Number 274, Indianapolis, Marion County, 27 March 1934 — Page 10

PAGE 10

The Indianapolis Times <▲ ICRirPS-HOWABD KEWIPAPEB) EOT W. HOWARD President TALCOXT POWELL Editor EARL D. BAKER Business Manager Pbone—Riley 5551

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educator? all entertaining claptrap that has been sounded against the new deal, Dr. William Wirt's remarks about the President being a “Kerensky” set an all-time record for asininity. Not satisfied with his original “expose” he enlarged upon it in yesterday's Times to describe the “Stalin” who is to corns as a person very much like Governor McNutt. Last year when the banks were closed and business was so flat that it couldn't even kick lt heels, Tories like Dr. Wirt were an extremely frightened lot. All that most of them could do was wring their hands and hope that Mr. Roosevelt or someone would save them. Now that the administration's efforts have restored a measure of prosperity these vestpocket Jeremiahs are getting back their lung power. We are glad they are. The country has been pretty solemn for a twelvemonth. Thinking citizens have had a good deal on their minds. The time has come for a little fun and these pompous reactionaries are furnishing plenty of buffoonery. We can not help regretting, however, that Dr. Wirt has joined the jug-band of “rugged individualists.” It is too bad that the man who made Gary’s school system a model for the entire country now should identify himself so noisily with the group who, by unprecedented greed and stupidity, almost succeeded in wrecking American civilization. No doubt Dr. Wirt could sit down and discuss with a coldly impartial mind such specific matters as the structure of the atom and the speed of light. It is unfortunate that he can not view with the same attitude evolutionary changes in social and political institutions. As an educator he should know the fundamental fact that history teaches—the inevitability of change. PASS A TAX BILL THE senate has a big job before it—a job which the house ways and means and the senate finance committee refused to do, which a gag-ruled house was not allowed to do and which the administration itself has been strangely reluctant to undertake. It is the job of changing the pending tax bill into a real revenue measure. What a puny gesture the present bill is, with its estimated yield of between $250,000,000 and $300,000,000 annually, in the face of a $7,000,000,000 current deficit and a $32,000,000,000 debt! It is hard to reconcile the attitude of the conservatives who protest every suggestion of additional taxes. They cry out in horror at proposals of inflation. Yet they are pursuing a low-tax course which is driving the nation so far into the! red that inflation may be the only way out. Now is the time to throw the tax system into high gear, to assess our citizens according to ability to pay, to permit those enjoying the benefits of recovery to pay the costs of recovery. Income and inheritance taxes are the most equitable levies yet devised, but our present rates do not begin to produce the 'revenue that can be realized from those sources. Senator La Follette’s income and inheritance amendments, boosting rates all along the line, should be adopted. These two amendments alone, according to the estimates of the treasury department, will increase revenues as much as all the provisions of the pending bill. Even under the La Follette rates, incomes and estates in this country would be taxed only a fraction of the amodnt they are taxed in Great Britain, France or Germany. Is not the enjoyment of comfortable incomes worth as much in America as in Europe? Americans are no less patriotic than Europeans, and timorous politicians in congress, who have one eye cocked on the next election, will do well to remember that. There are many commendable provisions in the pending bill. It plugs up many tax leaks. In addition the Murphy amendment would reform the capital gains section by apportioning the increment over the years the property is held, and taxing it on the basis of ordinary Income for each of those years. The senate should agree with its finance committee’s proposal to revive the excess profits and capital stock taxes. These are just taxes, not to be abandoned so long as our treasury is in such dire need of revenue, nor so long as any of the so-called nuisance taxes remain. NONPOLITICAL .JUSTICE 'TT'HE day is not far off. when some intelligent statesman will devise a plan by which the United States will be able to scrap its present system of electing bounty and state judges and place the entire system of justice on a nonpolitical basis. It is ridiculous on the face of it for a man to seek the office of a judge on either a Democratic or Republican ticket. What difference does his politics make? Even the United States supreme court, that great tribunal of justice, is not entirely free from politics. The President's name the justices and when their nominations go before the senate, the usual fight takes place—a fight that is not dominated usually by whether the appointee is a good. judge or not, but whether he has been a good party man. It is a laugh! Great Britain took its judicial system out of the hands of politicians a century ago. The United States is a hundred years behind the times. # It should not be necessary for an able lawyer to align himself with one or the other of the two major political parties and then curry the favor of the political “boss” to finally lift himself to the bench. He takes the bench, t \ *

not a free-minded dealer of Justice, but a puppet, controlled by the wishes of “The Party.” The whole system reeks of stupidity. But the day is coming ... it has to come. HOW POLITICIANS WORK 'T'HE direct conflict that can arise between partisan politics and the public interest was never illustrated better than in the current congressional row over the Norris amendment to the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation bill. Here, as clear-cut as such a thing could be, is a case in which the claims of politics run directly opposite to the needs of the nation as a whole. The difference between a public servant and a politician could not get a better demonstration. The new bill makes certain changes in the HOLC law, guaranteeing the $2,000,000,000 in bonds which the corporation may issue to protect hard-pressed home owners. Before the bill got by, Senator Norris of Nebraska tacked on an amendment which would prohibit political considerations from playing any part in the choice of employes for this corporation. The senate, after much prayer, fasting and beating of breasts, adopted this amendment by the margin of just one vote. Then the bill went to the house, where the banking committee Immediately struck out the amendment. Now there simply is not any question about the rights and wrongs of this amendment. A corporation that can issue two billions in bonds to home owners can do a very great work, if it be directed properly; and it can accomplish an uncommon amount of very Ugly phenagling if its personnel happens to be made up of political hacks. Why, then, did the amendment have such rough sledding? The answer is plain as a pikestaff. Congressmen need to be able to pass out Jobs to their henchmen to make their re-election easier. This corporation offers many new jobs; from the political viewpoint, it would be insane to pass up this chance for party profit. The federal government has taken on many more activities than it ever indulged in before. These activities touch us all very closely; they affect our wages, our jobs, the prices we pay for necessities, the conditions under which we work, the homes we live in. It is of the highest importance that they be conducted as efficiently as is humanly possible. If the politicians at Washington can see in the whole business nothing but a fine new chance to lay their paws on jobs for deserving Democrats, the whole business sooner or later is going to come down about our ears. DUE PROCESS OF LAW XTEW hope for America’s longest forgotten men, Mooney and Billings, will be stirred by the latest move for their freedom. Attorneys John F. Finerty and Frank P. Walsh are preparing a habeas corpus petition to be filed in the federal court in California demanding Mooney’s release on constitutional grounds. Thus, for the first time, the famous case has a chance of reaching the United States supreme court. These citizens are denied justice through a breakdown of a state’s judicial system. The grounds upon which a writ will be asked are much the same as those successfully pressed by counsel for the Scottsboro defendants. Were conditions under which Mooney and Billings were tried in San Francisco seventeen years ago such that substantial justice was impossible? This question has been answered affirmatively many times in California. Twice it has been answered by presidential commissions at Washington. Said the 1918 Wilson commission: “An attitude of passion was stimulated by all the arts of modern journalism. It is not surprising that Mooney and Billings were tried in an impregnating atmosphere of guilt.” Said Hoover’s Wickersham commission: “Immediately after the arrests of the defendants there commenced a deliberate attempt to arouse public prejudice against them (Mooney and Billings) by a series of almost daily interviews given the press by prosecuting officials.” Since California’s courts and four of its Governors have failed to guarantee due process perhaps the nation's highest court can. The fourteenth amendment has not been repealed. ANOTHER HOPEFUL SIGN SIGN of the changing times is to be discerned in the news from London that the grounds of the famous Hurlingham and Ranelagh polo clubs may be taken over by the London county council and used for housing projects. These clubs, most famous polo organizations in the British empire, maintain playing fields on the edges of very populous districts. All around them London dwellers live in close quarters, stifled as all inhabitants of congested city districts are stifled for want of room. And here are these two green oases, dedicated to the game which is the pastime par excellence of the aristocracy. To require the polo clubs to find playing space farther out would only be common sense. Nevertheless, the fact that the British authorities are actually ready to lay impious hands on the favored recreation of the aristocracy is a significant sign of tire changing times. OUR MONEY’S WORTH PUBLIC which is somewhat confused by the charges and countercharges that have been made in connection with the air mail imbroglio will probably be ready to agree whole-heartedly with General William Mitchell's demand that the government at least make sure that it gets full value for the money it spends on its aviation. “If the government is going to spend, money on aviation in the interest of private lines.” says the doughty general, “it should see to it that real results are obtained and that the money is not used for gambling by speculators.” This government spends annually enough money to have the finest military and civilian air forces on earth. Let's hope that the present row will induce it to mak+ certain that it gets what it is paying for.

‘THIRTY.” r I'HE work of great newspaper men Is usually anonymous while they are alive. The roar of the crowd and the acclaim of the people seldom reaches an editor. His reward is never a personal triumph. He lives for his organization, his newspaper. If it marches ahead, he Is satisfied to allow others to claim hia brainchildren as their own. He would not have It otherwise. Not until he dies, and for the first time, occupies front page space in his own newspaper, do his readers become aware of the personality behind the printed columns that they have read for years. For four decades, Louis Howland toiled and fought for the Indianapolis News. For more than half of this time he was at the wheel as editor. He brought to his work a splendid background of education, but, more important than this, he had Christian understanding and a twinkling sense of humor—an attribute needed above all others by an editor. His lifetime of seventy-six years covered the whole growth of modern journalism. He watched the development of the great wire services which have brought the very ends of the earth to within only a few hours of a lonely Indiana farm. He saw the growth of mechanical improvement whereby one typesetting machine could do the work of half a dozen men and a single press could turn out in an hour enough papers to serve a city of 50,000. During his career the newspaper grew from a little eight-page handbill to a great Institution employing hundreds of men and carrying five times the number of words as the average novel. He watched the News grow from a trifling 26,000 circulation to its present position of prominence and influence in the middle west. Yet with change and growth going on all about him, Louis Howland never lost hia serenity. His judgment and his humility remained with him to the end. He had no fear of life’s greatest adventure, which is death. As he approached that final “deadline” that must come to all newspaper men, his quiet courage cheered those at his bedside. He had served God, his newspaper and his fellowcitizens courageously and well. So, as we write “30”—the newspaper symbol of “finis”—to a great career, .we realize that it is not really the end, but that Louis Howland will live on still as a vital example and a moving force in the pages of the newspaper he loved.

Liberal Viewpoint -"-'—By DR. HARRY ELMER BARNES

THE alleged suppression of a somewhat too radical report on the teaching of the social sciences in our schools and colleges, which was prepared under the auspices of the American Historical Association, gives interest and timeliness to important works on the social studies and their relation to education. The first step in building up a reliable and impressive body of social science lies in the mastery of the scientific and logical methods and in the capacity to apply these social data. Professors Cohen and Nagel have brought out the most useful and impressive introduction to logic and the scientific method since John Stuart Mills’ System of Logic. (An Introduction to Logic and Scientific Method. By Morris H. Cohen ajid Ernest Nagel. Harcourt, Brace; $3.50). The work is especially valuable to social scientists, In that more than half of it is devoted to practical applications of logic and scientific method in both natural and social science. Some American social scientists believe that we have gone rather too far in attempting to reduce sociology to a pure science, thus disparaging any effort directly to apply the subject to social betterment. Among those who have protested against this rigorously scientific type of sociology has been Professor Charles A. Ellwood. tt tt tt IN the present work (Methods in Sociology, a critical study, by Charles A. Ellwood. Duke University Press, $1.50), he reduces his objections and constructive suggestions to systematic form. It is probably the most resolute and systematic effort of recent years to combine and harmonize the scientific and moralistic points of view in social science. The work concludes with an eminently practical and useful discussion of social progress and the ways in which it may be advanced by rational education. Conspicuous progress has been made in every field of sociology during the twentieth century. Professor Bernard has rendered an important service to American education and social science by inspiring and editing a thorough and comprehensive book on the various divisions and hiethods of contemporary sociology (The Fields and Methods of Sociology, by L. L. Bernard. Long & Smith, $3.50). The sociologist need no longer fear that he can be fairly denounced as “the fake professor of pretended science”—a charge leveled against one of the most famous American sociologists a quarter of a century ago. Emile Durkheim today is recognized as not only the greatest of French sociologists of the last generation. Mr. Simpson has placed sociologists and educators in his debt bv giving us an excellent translation of Durkheim’s most important contribution to economic and political theopr (Emile Durkheim on the Division of Labor in Society, by George Simpson. Macmillan $3.50). tt tt tt r T' HE body of the book treats systematically the question of the division of labor, a problem which has intrigued social philosophers since the time of Plato. The long preface presents Durkheim's stimulating suggestions as to political reconstruction along the lines of administrative syndicalism. Philosophic students of the new deal will find this an extremely relevant and suggestive volume. Adult education is a particularly vital issue right now. We need it to enable adults to catch up with the rapid progress of education in the last quarter of a century and to give effective training in the use of leisure. Miss Kotinsky has written one of the best introductions to the problem of adult education in the United States today (Adult Education and the Social Scene. By Ruth Kotinsky. Appleton Century. $1.50.)! It well presents the problems which will have to be tackled, once the new deal enables the mass of Americans once more to eat regularly and to cover their backs. One reason that social science has made such slight progress in affecting our life in society has been that the social scientists have been very largely occupied with denouncing each other and selfishly defending each branch against the other. Dr. Wilson shows that, at least in the junior high schools, some progress 3as been made in curbing departmental jealousy and devoting the resource of the social sciences to rational education (The Fusion of Social Studies in Junior High Schools. A Critical Analysis. By Howard E. Wilson. Harvard University Press. $2.50). The outstanding leader in this work has been Professor Harold A. Rugg of Columbia university. It is time that our colleges and universities followed suit. Mr. Shields is an alert young teacher who, in the form of a vivid novel, makes a vigorous onslaught against educational conservatism and economy (Just Plain Lamin’. By James M. Shields. Coward-McCann. $2.). The book deserves a wide reading in our present educational crisis. New York debs and their mothers played polo on kiddie cars and the mammas won. Sure, the older women are approaching their second childhood.

_ THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

‘I WANTS TO MAKE YOUR FLESH CREEP’

5 : |

TVToOOO rfo 1 wholly disapprove of what you say and will > X llv

(Times readers are invited to express their views in these columns. Make your letters short, so all can have a chance. Limit them to 250 words or less.) tt tt tt A FIFTH HORSEMAN APPEARS ON HORIZON By Crusader. In Arlington cemetery along the lazy Potomac the army of the dead keeps its silent bivouac; in the shadow-haunted crypt of its most impressive tomb lies a simple soldier in dreamless peace—the Unknown. This peace permeates the entire cemetery. On quiet summer days while clouds the wandering sheep of heaven—stray over the blue pasture of the sky. * Birds flash and dart among the green trees, singing. The warm sunshine sifts like golden dust through the softly stirring foliage and falls in brilliant spangles on the shaded grass. The Unknown sleeps as his comrades sleep, for here is peace; here is rest.

There is a touch of bitter ironyin the fact that something of this same peace seems to linger about the grounds of the Marion National Sanitarium. One enters through a big stone gate and follows a broad winding boulevard. On either sid? are the pleasant homes of the hospital staff officers. Through the trees one catches a glimpse of the white pagoda where the band holds forth in summer concerts. Older buildings, ivy clad are jostled by newer structures with clean, sharp architectural lines. Only when one notices the tightly, screened porches of many of the buildings and catches a glimpse of the patients sitting or walking behind them does the realization come that for many here peace is only an illusion. Let the Unknown sleep. Very often the man behind the screen can not. Many times—too many—his consciousness wanders down the labyrinthine corridors of the mind and meets strange terrors, phantom fears. Perhaps his tortured brain conjures old horrors from out of the past . . . the trembling of the earth beneath th# thundering blast of great guns . . . mud and slime and barbed wire under the glare of Very lights . . . Green Cross or Yellow Cross gas probing the gaping shell holes with misty, deadly fingers . . . the scream of a man dying in agony . . . bloodflecked lips . . . Or maybe fate has been more kind. He sits quietly staring into space. His eyes are but the vacant windows of a deserted house. Fortunately, there are more lucid moments. Then he enjoys going to the ball game at the diamond inside the grounds, or attending a talking picture at the sanitarium theater. He has a small estate—a few thousand dollars of his own, something salvaged from a crumbling world. It brings him the little happiness that remains for him in this long wait for what —death? He enjoys buying a few articles of clothing for himself. Oh, how one forgets! He did possess a few thousand dollars. He had them until some kind business men and some bankers of the community became interested in him. They were very solicitous for his welfare. They were exceedingly afraid that he might waste his substance. Being honorable men, they demanded the right to protect him. They wanted to do something for this shattered soldier boy home from the wars. The wheels of circuit court justice turned smoothly, nobly. These kind bankers became his guardians. They were really quite jolly fellows. When he was so sick he couldn’t get about easily, they bought him a motorcycle to cheer him up, not to mention some fine $9 shirts and sls bathrobes. Then just to make him feel even better, they bought him some stock in a Arm that went bankrupt. By this time he was feeling so fine they decided to shoot the works. They bought him some

Beer Places Attacked

By A Reader. It probably will be a break for the public if many of the operators of beer-dispensing places are unable to renew their licenses in the next few months. The majority of the places, especially in the downtown district, have become nothing but saloons, with booze sold right along with beer, and with staggering drunks and intermittent braw-ls affording the “entertainment” for the evening. Saturday nights, it seems, are the outstanding ones for a general roundup of the drinking element in these places. In two places Saturday night, there were fights. In one of these a customer struck a waitress. Soon after that the customer was the victim of a dozen others who took care of the situation. There are many people in Indianapolis who actually enjoy a

stock in an apartment house enterprise with the single defect that it couldn’t seem to make money. What charming men! Could this poor, crazy soldier boy ever thank them enough? He felt very happy until the other day. They came to tell him a strange thing. He had no money! It had vanished like the mist before a summer sun. He can’t seem to understand it. His twisted mind won’t let him understand it. He saw a cloud of smoke rolling across the green lawns. Suddenly from its*midst there emerged the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. With thundering hoofs they swept by, death riding in the vanguard. Almost immediately there appeared a Fifth Horseman, more horrible than the rest. On his crimson shield appeared one word: GREED! The vision vanished. A squirrel scampered along a limb, tail bobbing. Peace? Only the unknown and his sleeping comrades know what that is. The soldier behind the screen does not. an n GANGSTERS APPEAR AS LESSER OF TWO EVILS By H. E. Nedder. The editorial in The Times concerning “Dillinger Hero Worship" was interesting, but not convincing —not convincing because it missed the point completely. The editorial condemns “the attitude with which some citizens regard the escapades of the gangster.” With that criticism all decent people will agree. The points your editorial fails to present is that this apparent commendation of the criminal springs not from a perverted concept of the moral code. It is but the expression of a supreme contempt for so-called “forces of law and order,” which in the judgment of the “men on the street” have failed so utterly to function. It is the cry of an outraged people whose experience has convinced them that our courts of “justice” are all too often courts of “influence”; that our legislative bodies are composed of puppets who dance their pitiable pantomime on the strings of special privilege ; that our administrative branch no longer is responsible to the public, but struts its arrogant way with no concern except to gain the favor of organized minorities who may assure its continuance in office. Every normal person wants to be proud of his “government.” When it betrays him, he strikes blindly in protest. Your editorial says, “The school children of Indianapolis must be made to realize thta these gangsters are sordid figures.” School children, in common with all normal adults, know that. When their sympathies are invited on the one hand by criminals who make no smug pretense at decency, and on the other hand, by incompetence, corruption and irresponsibility among its public servants, they simply applaud the lesser of two evils.

glass of beer. That may not be the exact figure, but there are men who would like to take their wives to some of these places for a few glasses of beer, without having to battle their way out. On the other hand, there seems to be other places in the city and county where an air of respectability is maintained at all times. Perhaps we got into the wrong places, but that does not alter‘the principle of the situation. Any man or w-oman who desires to patronize a beer-selling establishment should not be called upon to search the downtown district for a decent place to pass a few minutes’ time. Every one of these places should follow the law strictly and not cater to stew bums who have nothing else to do but clutter up places where respectable people might w T ant to gather.

FEARS PLIGHT OF NATION IF G. O. P. REGAINS CONTROL By a Reader of The Times. I very much enjoy your columns of the Message Center, so I desire to write a brief statement in regard to “Another Stanch Roosevelt Man.” Yes, I believe if President Roosevetl only can keep his health and strength for his full term that this world of sin. crime and suffering will be remedied to as near a perfect an extent as ever it can be. I. for one, have a family of children and am a widow, i actually suffered shamefully from the Hoover administration, and I nearly hold my breath at times for fear the great strain our great President is under will break his health. Only the suffering know what it is. We are suffering want and cold and living in a garage, with no fuel, no furniture and not enough clothing for decency and warmth. I don’t see how all the grafters and j rich can see this go on and hoard i

money. We have frosted our feet and hands and suffered cold and want in this world of plenty. I say if ever a Republican is put in the administration again we will be just and truthful in saying, “The world is insane.” We must obtain a loaf of bread for our hungry crying babies. We have a farm offered us, the rent is free if we can get a horse, cow. food and other necessaries to care for it. My boy's are strong, able and understand farming and are anxious to ; go to the farm and would be there tomorrow if we had the necessaries to run it and food to tide us over. Os all our wealthy people in this city and world and not ont will have a heart to lift up a worthy worker from want and suffering. an a DEPLORES BEGGING BY BOYS ON STREETS. By a Times Reader. I am a constant reader of The Times and am writing to ask if there isn’t a law against small boys begging on the streets until 1 and 2 in the morning. What is the matter with police that they pass them up as they try to warm themselves along the street. It is a terrible sight. I have stood it as long as I can without trying to help. They are human mites who will grow to men and probably be criminals and go to prisons. Hoping this will help. an a HE'D TURN DILLINGER LOOSE IN MICHIGAN By Lee C. Riley. I get quite a kick out of all the notoriety Indiana is acquiring for herself over Dillinger and his gang. What a bunch of softies the majority of law enforcement officials are becoming. I laughed until I cried when I read in The Time^hat

_MARCH 27,1931

Dillinger had escaped jail by intimidating a guard with a wooden gun. Sheriff Lillian Holley surely picks brave men for guards. I’m afraid if Dillinger attempted to intimidate some guards he would have to pull the trigger of his gun or look like a sieve for his trouble. It’s time for Indiana to call oht the Boy Scouts. I'm sure they could do a much better job of capturing and detaining Dillinger than Sheriff Holley did. To my way of thinking, a woman has as much business of holding a sheriff's job as I would have crossing the Atlantic in a washtub. I shudder to think how Michigan would have handled Dillinger. Within thirty minutes after obtaining custody of him Dillinger would have been sentenced and on his way to Marquette. Indiana is too easy going. tt tt tt AT LAST—CIGAR STORE INDIANS ARE FOUND By M. D. Moss. It is quite evident that our best jail is built of tin and the penitentiary constructed of cardboard. I know now what became of ths wooden Indians that stood in front of cigar stores; they have become deputy sheriffs and penitentiary guards. tt tt tt ANOTHER PLEA FOR NRA ENFORCEMENT By a Reader. a line to tell you one of our home-owned concerns work their employes twelve hours a day and sixteen hours on Saturday and tell them not to tell it or they will lose their jobs. I suppose the owner of the place will be the first one to complain about the NRA not being a success. It is plain to see the biggest squawkers are the biggest chiselers. tt u u HE SEEKS A HOME AFTER EVICTION. By R. W.

I have, in the past, been fortunate enough to make ends meet, but since the first of the year I could not pay my rent in advance. After nearly a month’s arrears, I was given an eviction notice. I asked for help previous to this and was investigated, and was re- ! ceiving food. After taking the notice to the trustees office, I was given a f6rm and told to see if I could find a house and have the owner j. sign it and return to the trustee’sr office. I started making the rounds of rental offices. My reactions to some of my experiences are not printable, but I can see now why so many houses that I have looked at are without doors, windows and plumbing. It brings to my mind a few years ago where you could, with a few dollars, buy a lot which would enable you to get a loan sufficient to build a double. You could rent one side for enough to pay off the loan and still have enough left to soon buy another lot, get another loan to build another double, rent both sides, etc., and all the time live in the double originally built. I think I have talked to several persons in the last few days whose fortunes were made when they could demand rent increases of several dollars from one month to the next and tell the renter to move and even place him in the street if he did not get out within the legal time. Rents were doubled and tripled and any old house could be rented for more than it was worth. Those were the days when Satanic rule and principles were making a grand slam, but, thank God, that old boy gradually is being strangled, v and we are nearing that day for which we have prayed for so many centuries. Matt. 6:10. But, during this tearing down and leveling period upon which the new order will be built, you can hear them howl. See Zeph. ch. 1, Jas. ch. 5.