Indianapolis Times, Volume 45, Number 228, Indianapolis, Marion County, 1 February 1934 — Page 13

Second Section

It Seems to Me By Hey wood Broun THE birthday gift of Ogden Mills to Franklin Roosevelt was a long, censorious and somewhat sour speech. Mr. Mills has gone back to that old one about the President's doing things for which he has no popular mandate. And the even more familiar charge that all these things are being done without the benefit of free discussion. In regard to the latter charge I will grant that I think the radio chains have not been hospitable to critics of the administration, but I am blessed if I

can see just what power or threat of power is holding back the press. I am, for instance, a regular reader of the Daily Worker, and this official organ of the Communist party in America has assailed the President savagely ever since his inauguration. I think it fair and just and also expedient that this radical group should be allowed to have its say without let or hindrance, and as yet I have seen no suggestion that any barrierthas been put in the way of the Daily Worker. a * Reds and Republicans MR. MILLS represents the conservative opopsition. He

Broun

has access to the columns of the Republican pa piers, and indeed his remarks are not expunged by administration organs. He has a direct interest in the New York Herald Tribune, which printed his Topeka speech the other morning on the front page with a three-column head, a one-column cut, a two-column box entitled "Highlights in Mills' Address" and a supplementary box announcing "Complete text of Mr. Mills’ Kansas Day spieech—Page 8.” I am curious to know where on earth the suppression of criticism comes in. Mr. Mills glowers out from his photographic position in column 2, page 1, receives six-and-a-half solid columns of text inside, and then devotes a considerable piart of his address to the plaintive cry: "I can’t get a word in edgewiso.** It may be that what Mr. Mills represents thunders so loudly above his head that his voice is not heeded, but that. I think, is his piersonal tragedy and concern. a a a The Old Mandate Argument. AS to the President's lacking a popular mandate for certain legislation which he has sponsored, I would like a little closer definition by the critics. It seems to me that they are suggesting something which has never obtained in American practice and which would be utterly crippling to any federal administration. If I understand the theory advanced by Mr. Mills and others, it goes about like this: A candidate for President runs on a party platform which attempts to state in some detail those principles and practices which he will favor if elected. He has no right to urge up>on the congress any policy which was not specifically set down in that original document. I do not see how any sane man can sincerely advance so preposterous a doctrine. It would be ruinous eo democratic government. For instance, the Democratic platform laid down no course of action which the President should adopt in the event of a nationwide closing of the banks. In the early summer of 1932 no such contingency was anticipated. Now what'would the mandate boys have a President do in such a situation? Would they have him fold his hands in his lap and say: “I’m very sorry, but I can't do anything about this emergency until 1936. when I will go before the people and ask permission to take action.” Herbert Hoover, who was Mr. Mills’ chief in the latter part of his administration, found a great financial panic on his hands in the fall of 1929. He endeavored to take steps to check the collapse and alleviate it. But he had no mandate. On the contrary. the Republican platform was built upxm the theory that nothing but a heightening of prosperity could possibly be experienced under Mr. Hoover's regimes. Mr. Hoover had a Mississippi flood to deal with, and did the best he could. He had no mandate. The disaster was not mentioned in the platform. a m n It Can Xot He Prophecy. A PLATFORM can never be anything more than a general outline of what the candidate hopes to do with the help of God and a few members of congress. It is not a prophecy nor a horoscope. If Mr. Mills wants to argue that it is more democratic to have a ministry go back to the voters for affirmation or condemnation after it has met a reverse in a vital issue I will agree with him. But that is the English system and not the American. Mr. Mills pretends to be arguing for the preservation of our native traditions. And so he is talking utter nonsense. Thomas Jefferson, who by some curious quirk has become the darling of the Constitutionalists, had no popular mandate for the Louisiana purchase. Napoleon's offer came up suddenly. Jefferson thought it was a good idea and grabbed it. When Ogden Mills heads a movement to give that vast territory back to the emperor's heirs I will be more readily convinced that he Ls talking something more than cheap politic* when he asserts that President Roosevelt has no mandate for his emergency legislation. (Copyright. 1934. by The Times)

Your Health —BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN

IF you had fallen victim, a few years ago. to a certain peculiar form of muscular weakness, you might have thought at first that it was nothing to cause concern. But your doctor might have held a contrary opinion. Had it struck you in an acute form, it probably would have been fatal, for no method was known for curbing it. Now all this is changed and medical science has worked out. as a result of recent experiments. a program of successful treatment. Myasthenia gravis is the name of this disturbing malady. It is so called because it attacks the muscles causing them to lose strength gradually and in later stages bringing complete loss of the muscular functions. Practically all muscles of the body are affected. Fortunately, the ailment is comparatively rare, but there nevertheless have been enough cases to warrant a discussion. m m m I you were to incur this disease, you would, at first. only become excessively tired. Your ordinary tasks would become almost impossible to perform. Next you would have trouble with your eyes, you might see double, or see through a sort of haze. There also would be a drooping of the eyelids, then a weakness of muscles of the tongue and throat. Gradually you would find difficulty in talking. As the illness progressed, you would find yourself unable to swallow your food, some of which would back up through the nose. Possibly you would be fed by means of a tube passed through the nose to maintain life. m • m THE next stage would be manifested by weakness of the arm and leg muscles. You hardly would be able to walk and you might fall down if you attempted more than a few steps. The neck muscles are affected also, and you soon would be unable to hold your head up. Obviously this is a frightful disease and the medical profession has been interested keenly in the experiments which indicate the possibility of overcoming ft. These experiments show that progress is made by feeding anew substance called glycine, an amino-acid, and at the same time giviju ephedrine and a high protein diet, m

roll Leaded Wlra Serrica of the roiled Praaa Association

Tbit it the twentieth of The Indian apolit Timet' popular aeries of articles about the members of its editorial staff. Today’s article is about Fred Hedges, Times police reporter. BY NORMAN E. ISAACS Times News Editor SITTING in her jail cell at Tucson, Ariz., Mary Kinder, Indianapolis "gun moll,” looked up interestedly as the sheriff entered with a tall, red-headed young man. "This is Red Gallagher of The Times back in Indianapolis,” said the sheriff. Mary Kinder sat bolt upright. "How is Freddy Hedges, that Times reporter who was hurt?” she asked. Told that Freddy, who had been struck by an automobile several weeks before, had recovered, she smiled. "That's nice,” she exclaimed. “He’s a nice boy. I went to school with him in Indianapolis. I read about his accident.” "Hmph,” grunted Freddy Hedges back in Indianapolis, as he read the latest news from Tucson. "All I remember about her is that she was a little girl. Nice boy! Hmph!” Pert little Freddy Hedges—he’s 5 feet 5 inches tall, and weighs about 125—leered at some passing policeman who stopped to josh him about Mary Kinder’s remarks and refused to comment further.

The policemen passed on. For young Mr. Hedges is a gentleman of very decided ideas, and when he hitches up his trousers and sticks out his chin you just gather the idea that tinkering with that bantam would be like tackling a case of dynamite. nan A WEST INDIANAPOLIS youngster he’s 24 Fred Hedges is a little go-getter who gets around and who looks like a fashion-plate when he’s off duty. But he doesn’t like to be told that for, as we’ve mentioned before, Mr. Hedges is a tough little gentleman. Take this for an example: Jim Doss, city editor of The Times, was called to the phone about 10 o’clock New Year’s eve. Heze Clark, senior police reporter, was on the wire. “Freddy has been hit by a car and may be dying,” he said. “I’ll be right by for you.” Off to city hospital went Clark and Doss, there to find Freddy with a gaping wound in the top of his head. Hurriedly they got in touch with Dr. L. H. Gilman, who came on the run. Fred was groaning and tossing in obvious pain, but came to and seemed to be rational when Dr. Gilman started to probe the head injury with skillful fingers. “I'm all right,” said Freddy, “I'm going home.” a a u HE winced as Dr. Gilman cleansed the wound with alcohol after determining there was no fracture, and sewed up the injury. "Hurt much, Fred?” asked Dr. Gilman. “Us W. I. boys are tough,” answered Freddy, scornfully. The doctor smiled and completed the treatment. “Well, Fred,” said Doss, “you’re going to stay tonight with a private nurse to watch you.” “Like hell I am,” roared young Mr. Hedges. "I want my clothes. I’m going home.” They made him stay though

*Con ven tion City ’ls Real Fun-Fest for Movie Fans

WHEN papa goes to a big convention in Atlantic City, mamma better look out for papa and papa better beware of mamma when he gets home. That seems to be the “moral” of Convention City,” a brand new force-comedy with loads of fine satire in it. The author of “Convention City” easily could have been Mae West, but she isn't. Mae talks straight

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Dick Powell

may be shown unfavorally in this yarn, but papa, many of ’em, have a grand holiday while getting their bearings for another twelve months of intensive salesmanship. It takes lot of good-looking blonds and many bottles of prohibition laughing water to get papa in the right frame of mind. As “Os Thee I Sing - ’ poked fun and satire at those who make our laws, Mr. Milne in his story pokes grand fun at the “lonely’’ traveling salesman. One of the best examples of satire is near the beginning of the picture showing the mayor of Atlantic City on a truck being pushed in a motorized truck from one track to another to welcome incoming delegates and bid farewell to those who are leaving. The mayor's keys of the city are made up in lots of a hundred. Some of the traveling salesmen you will meet in “Convention City’’ are Kent < Adolphe Menjou); Jerry Ford (Dick Powell); George Ellerbe (Guy Kibbee); Will Goodwin. always heavily loaded with spirits (Frank McHugh), and Hotstetter (Hugh Herbert). non THE chief gold digger and operator of the century-old badger game is Nancy Lorraine, played by Joan Blondell. Patricia Ellis as Claire Honeywell. carries on the love interest of the story with Menjou and Powell, with Dick winning the fair heroine before the final flicker. Kibbee as usual is tied to the apron strings of his wife, a regular modern Amazon played effectively by Ruth Donnelly. Guy wants to make whoopee and does the second that mamma turns her back, but mamma gets right back on the job. The less you know about

The Indianapolis Times

‘WE MAKE YOUR NEWSPAPER’

Freddy Hedges — Fashion-Plate of the Police Station

until the following afternoon and for several days he was unable to wear a hat because of the crown of bandages. a a a FRED HEDGES was born right in the center of West Indianapolis and grew up in that section where the first requisite is an ability to handle one's fists. He went to Schools 48 and 49, graduating and then went to Manual. He could not graduate because of the death of his father, and resourceful, Fred went straight to work. He worked in any number of places, Stutz, where he was a clerk; the Dillings Box Company, where he drove a truck; for the Ransom-Randall Company, dental supply house, and the Robbins Body Corporation. He also worked a short time for Uncle Sam. He was in the special delivery service. “The gas-buggy went bad,” explains Fred. “You can’t run with those letters, you know.” In 1929, he came to The Times as copy boy and after more than a year of service, was given a chance on police headquarters under Mr. Clark. He made good and he’s stuck. With his mother, he lives at 857 South Pershing avenue. a a a HE'S been at the police station long enough to know every one who walks in and out of the station, He helped cover the Shroeder torch murder case; the Lafayette Jackson murder, scores of train wrecks, and has taken part in dozens of raids. He was in the "fast wagon” that arrived at the Standard grocery just a few .minutes after the shooting of Lafayette Jackson. Detective Charles Bauer was sitting in front of the store, bleeding from a shotgun wound in the head. “What’s the matter, Charley? Did they get you?” cried Fred. “Yes, Fred, they did,” answered Bauer.

The Theatrical World

BY WALTER D. HICKMAN

wild roir.p, the better time you will have seeing “Convention City.” From an audience standpoint, this movie is a laugh whirlwind. Some of the wise remarks will send you sliding right out in the aisle. The cast is just right I saw it at a preview the other night and I am still laughing. “Convention City” opens on the screen at the Circle tomorrow. u a In City Theaters npONIGHT at English’s, George Gershwin, James Melton and the Leo Reisman orchestra will appear before one of the largest audiences this season under the local direction of Mrs. Nancy Martens. Other theaters today offer: Ted Lewis on the stage and “Sons of the Desert” on the screen at the Palace, “Long Lost Father” continues on view at the Indiana, “She Done Him Wrong” at the Apollo, Four Frightened People” at the Circle, “Varieties” on the stage and “Beloved” on the screen at the Lyric, and burlesque at the Mutual and Colonial. GRAND JURY INDICTS ALLEGED SLUG THIEF Suspect Chargefc With Injuring Robbery Victim. Taylor Goodwin, who is alleged to have robbed and slugged Carlos Stewart Dec. 30. was indicted by the grand jury today on charges of physical injury in the commission of a robbery, robbery, and pettit larceny. Other indictments returned were against Austin Summitt, assault and battery with intent to kill; Raymond Small, vehicle taking and unlawful possesion; Susie Smith, receiving stolen goods; Calvin Harrison, second degree burglary and grand larceny; James Gillenwater and Minor Mathews, first degree burglary and grand larceny; Juanita Eatherly, grand larceny; Herman Cox. robbery and petit larceny, and Clifford Watson, second degree burglary and pettit larceny. FUGITIVE TURNS AUTHOR C. C. Julian Writing Story of His Life, Is Report. By United Pre* SHANGHAI. Feb. I.—C. C. Julian, fugitive oil company promoter, has turned author, the United Press learned today. Julian is reported to be writing the story of his colorful life under the title, “What Price Fugitive?” He fled from federal indictments which followed investigation of an oil company he had promoted.

from the shoulder and so does Peter Milne, the author of this movie story. “Convention City” is a gay, wild, amusing, as well as a rapid satire on what “might happen” at any convention in Atlantic City, if the author is to be believed. Poor papa, the traveling salesman for the Honeywell Rubber Company,

INDIANAPOLIS, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 1, 1934

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Fred Hedges, Times police reporter, halts a moment to let the photographer take his picture. Neat and affable, Fred, they say, is a regular “fashion plate.”

Into the store dashed Fred. Tears came to his eyes and he discovered that he was standing in the center of a cloud of tear gas. Mr. Jackson was staggering from behind the counter, mortally wounded. a a a TN the Hamilton-Harris holdup, Fred narrowly missed being wounded. The squad car in which he was riding drew up in front of the warehouse as Dan Scanlon and Hodges came down the steps. Out of the car'dashed Fred and up the steps. "Don’t go in,” roared Scanlon. Fred kept on running. “Don’t go in,” roared Scanlon again. “They’re still shooting.”

EARLE WYNEKOOP IS FOUND IN HIDING Rheta’s Mate Using Alias in Milwaukee. By United Press MILWAUKEE, Feb. 1. —Earle Wynekoop, who was missing from the sensational trial of his mother for the murder of his wife Rheta, was discovered today to be living in Milwaukee under an alias. Wynekoop said he had been here since Jan. 10, when he left Chicago on the advice of his attorney, W. W. Smith. He has been known here as Harry Clarke. Police who investigated said that he was carrying a blackjack. Wynekoop said he carried it for protection. The youth was held several days in Chicago in connection with the spectacular operating-table murder of his young wife, but was released after his mother had been charged with the crime.

SIDE GLANCES By George Clark

c ikm r w SSSSL hcc. u.. wt. orr. ,

“Well, we can’t pay anything on Junior’s alimony until Irene tj| ge£s a check from her ex-husband.”

His hand on the door, the cry penetrated Fred’s brain. He stopped and turned, noticing for the first time that Hodges had been wounded in the arm. "Whew,” whistled Fred. “I came pretty close to walking into one, didn’t I?” Reputed to be quite a “ladies’ man,” Fred dismisses the idea with a wave of his hand. “Nothing to it,” he says. “Nothing to it.” But at the same time, you detect a laughing little gleam in his' eye which makes you wonder just a little bit. a a a THE boys around the office insist that Fred is quite the

NATIONAL AUTOMOTIVE GROUPS TO MEET HERE More Than 600 Expected to Come to Convention in May. Robert G. Patterson, Indianapolis, executive vice-president of the Automotive Engine Rebuilders’ Association, today announced that the national convention will be held here in May, with more than 600 auto accessory manufacturers and dealers attending. Last year the convention met in Chicago. NEW _ RESTAURANT TO BE OPENED MARCH 1 North Pennsylvania Will Be Run by Richard Stegemeier. A restaurant will be opened at 114 North Pennsylvania street March 1 by Richard Stegemeier, who has operated restaurants in the city for the last forty years. Articles of incorporation for the restaurant were filed yesterday, under the name Stegemeier, Inc., with Mr. Stegemeier as president; Russell Stubbs, vice-president, and William H. Faust, general counsel. Mr. Stegemeier was born in Germany and came to this city in 1891.

“lad” with the ladies and Fred just laughs. “No,” he says. “I know a lot of girls, that’s all.” Somebody winked. “Say, a lot of people know girls. If they don’t—well ” “The cops are good guys,” says Fred. “Take it from me, nobody gets away with much. Look at Dillinger. They finally got caught up with themselves. They all do. “My idea of a good copper? Well, Otto Pettit—Captain Pettit. There’s a copper. He’S awake all the time. ■‘But, listen, don’t pay any attention to that girl stuff. Those boys are jealous, that’s all.” Next—Dick Miller.

OLD HICKORY CLUB SET FOR ROUNDUP Five-Hour Vaudeville Program to Be Feature. Old Hickory Democratic Club will hold its first roundup of the year at 7 tonight in Tomlinson hall with a five-hour vaudeville program. Featured on the program are Ina Houser’s kiddie revue, Marker and Schenk, Johnny Collier and Walter Geisendorf, the Avery Tudor trio and a ping pong exhibition by state champions. COUNCILMAN BECOMES TREASURER CANDIDATE County Office Nomination Sought by Democrat. Candidacy of Charles Hafer, 2860 South Capitol avenue, county councilman three years, for the Democratic nomination for county treasurer in the May primary election, was announced yesterday. Mr. Hafer, a prominent truck gardener, is a vice-president of the Madison Avenue State bank, director of the Growers’ Automobile Insurance Company and of the Farmers’ and Gardeners’ Association. He is a member of the Third Reformed church. HEAVY BUSINESS GAIN REPORTED IN BOSTON Textile and Shoe Production Climb; Retail Trade Soars. By United Preta BOSTON, Feb. I.—Textile improvements in 1933, increased boot and shoe production, and a substantial gain in retail trade in January compared with a year ago were reported by the Federal Reserve bank of Boston today in its monthly survey. The report showed: A better than 42 per cent increase in cotton consumption in New England mills during 1933. A better than 32 per cent gain in wool consumption. A nearly 4 per cent gain in boot and shoe production. INSULL GIVEN STAY BY GREEK OFFICIALS Fugitive Chicago Utilities Magnate Reported Seriously 111. By United Prre * ATHENS. Greece, Feb. I.—Samuel Insull, fugitive Chicago utilities operator, remained in Greece under sufferance today, although the time limit for his expulsion expired last midnight. The length of time he will be allowed to stay is uncertain, depending on whether he can prove that departure would endanger his life. He is suffering from heart disease. When he leaves, Mr. Insull is expected to go by airplane. He has given no indication of his destination. although Turkey was regarded as his most likely choice of a haven*

Second Section

Entered as Becond-Clas Matter at PostofTice. Indianapolis

Fair Enough By Westbrook Pegler THE sport industry seems not to have caught the spirit of the new deal. The baseball magnates are planning to operate with very compact little squads this year and the Madison Square Garden Corporation has just about abandoned prize fighting at a time when a really patriotic firm in the same position ought to be promoting gang-fights in the ring to provide employment for destitute pugilists. I realize, of course, that the ball-player and the prizefighter are in a non-essential business and

that it would be hard to churn up any public sympathy for them in ordinary times. But, this is a time when everything is either upside down or just beginning to turn right side up. for once. When the government is sending artists out to paint pictures to be hung in public schools, police stations and lunatic asylums in order to give the artists something to do and elevate the cultural level of the country, the professional athlete might count himself among the deserving. Even actors have lately been engaged to emote in standard dramas under government aus-

pices and the disemployed major leaguer is not much to blame if. in his cozy corner of the pool-hall back in his place of hibernation, he toys with the idea that the new deal is dealing him out. I can not claim to see. just at a quick squint, how a time-expired outfielder such as Sam Rice, of Washington, the unhappy victim of Clark Griffith's gratitude, could play the country out, of the red. But then it must have taken some very intent glaring at the proposition to see how a troupe of actors could sing, dance or recite the country out of debt. There are even some destructive critics of the administration who claim that the government couldn’t have seen how, either, if it hadn’t gazed cock-eyed at the matter, but that is something which I see no thanks in discussing one way or another and I will just evade the issue entirely. a a a It's Hard to Sympathize With Actors I WILL note, however, that actors are a tribe who paint their faces and dress up in masquerade costumes and that this has always embarrassed their case in times of want. There has always been something funny about the hunger-pangs of a man who, in his line of work, is called upon to impelsonate kings and magnates, or to sit around in a dresssuit sipping brandy and soda fetched by Meadows, the butler. If the actors, under this handicap, have been able to convince the new deal that they are people, then ballplayers and pugilists, I should think, have reason to hope. The Mr. Rice referred to is no worse off, professionally, than many other athletes, young and old, who will find that as many as half a dozen places have been sawed off the players’ benches in the dugouts this year. He is a little worse off sentimentally, however, because Mr. Griffith, when he Decided to fire him sent him a note to the effect that he, Mr, Griffith, was awarding him his unconditional release out of gratitude for more than fifteen years of loyal service. It seemed a very lucky thing for Mr. Rice that Mr. Griffith’s gratitude stopped within bounds. Otherwise he might have had him indicted and sent to prison for his fifteen years and more of loyal service. When I start tip-toeing through the details of a big plan such as the one I have in mind I very soon find myself up to my eyes in problems so I will just leave that part of it all to General Hugh Johnson and the people who draw up the codes. But, not to throw them a difficult problem and run, I will hang around long enough to suggest a few possibilities. a a a Shorter Hours for Ballplayers ONE which occurs to me is that baseball might be revalued on a ratio of one to three, allowing the hitter only one strike and reducing a game to three innings, a process which would produce three ball games where one ball game was before. These ■might not be very good ball games, to be sure, but they would be the only ball games to be had and, like the dollar, which certainly isn’t what it use<l to be, it would have to do. The code could then provide that no ballplayer should play in more than one game per day and the magnates, compelled to give their customers three of these games for their price of admission, would have to make jobs for a great many ballplayers who otherwise will find themselves ex. Or, if this plan seems to do too great violence to the standard conception of a ball game, I could suggest a three-inning day for the athletes and the retention of the standard nineinning game. That would have the same result. I do not attempt to argue that either of these plans would leave baseball as it always has been. But I do not see why baseball should be exempt from such little disturbances when the owners of steam shovels and lifting cranes are required to leave them in the sheds so that more men may be put to work shoveling and lifting by hand. For the prizefight industry my suggestion is quick, simple and above challenge. I propose the revival of the battle-royal as a starter and the gradual enlargement of the ring and the entry lists until thousands of prizefighters are fighting all over the floor of Madison Square Garden or the Yale bowl. They might not get much but it seems to be that or the forestry corps, an alternative which smacks of toil and a fate which is worse than death. (CoDvright. 1934. bv Unite and Feature Syndicate. Inc.)

Today's Science =-■- 1 1 BY DAVID DIETZ =-"■

THE Big Dipper is slowly going to pieces. The time is coming when the familiar group of stars—the one constellation which every one can recognize —will no longer present its present configuration. There’s no cause for immediate worry. Your grandchildren—and for that matter, your grandchildren’s grandchildren—will see the dipper. But in the year 201,934, providing that civilization can keep going for another 200,000 years, there will be no Big Dipper. And by 101,930 the dipper will be badly bent. The constellations as we know them today are essentially the same as those known to the ancients. The Big Dipper was known to the ancient Romans, the Greeks, the Chaldeans and the Egyptians. They saw the same configuration though they gave it different interpretations. Frequently the stars were regarded as forming a wagon. They were also regarded as part of a larger constellation which is still known to us today as the Great Bear. But there w r as no dipper in 200.000 B. C. The cavemen did not see the seven stars in the configuration as we now see them. These facts will be startling to many because It upsets the notion of the “fixed stars.’’ u a THE stars are not “fixed.” They are in motion. The ancients thought the stars were immovable because they had no instruments which were delicate enough to detect their movements. But modem research has revealed that all the stars are in motion. It takes delicate instruments and precise measurements to detect the motions of the stars because they are so far away and because space is so large. The speed of a star with reference to our solar system may range from twenty to several hundred miles a second. Dr. Frederick C. Leonard of the University of California points out in a bulletin of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific that five stars of the Great Dipper are moving in one direction, while the other two are moving in the opposite direction. That is why there was no dipper 200.000 years ago and wh7 there will be none 200.000 years fromnow. For a period that long is sufficient for the stars to have moved enough to destroy the configuration ik the dipper.

L

Westbrook Pegler