Indianapolis Times, Volume 45, Number 206, Indianapolis, Marion County, 6 January 1934 Edition 02 — Page 7

JAX. 6, 1934

it Seems to Me By Heywood Broun THE President of the United States has drawn as sharp and clear a line as Colonel Travis dug with his toe across the dirt floor of the Alamo. It is the right of every one either to walk across and take his place beside the leader or to stand stock still as indication of his opposition. But the day of the half-and-half fraternity and the one-third and "but” boys has ended definitely. "He who is not with me is against me.” A motley crew are those: who will not come across.

The army which stands out against the call to the new order is made up of individuals both red and rugged ana Foreign Legion Members BUT In spite of the various uniforms worn by those who insist upon standing out, the issue is plain enough. The fight lies between the forces which wish to go back to the structure which we knew under Hoover and Coolidge and Harding and those who are convinced that the old order is dead and not merely sleeping. Until President Roosevelt ap-

Heywood Broun

peared before the seventy-third congress it was said with some fairness that the purposes of the administration were shrouded in a certain amount of mistiness. Even within the official family itself some held that recovery was the only purpose to which the government should devote itself. Admitting that the ship of state had suffered a rather nasty accident, they held that nothing need be done but wait for the coming of a higher tide. They would put to sea again as soon as th° keel could be disentangled from the mud. Now the President has spoken. He has announced the launching of a brand new craft. a a a Bonking a Cabin for Two AND I'm for the ark. I'm not among those who feel that it "ain't goin’ to rain no more.” If we must go up the gangplank two by two it is my intention to team up with the first available elephant. We elephants do not forget. I still can remember the sleight-of-hand by which Mr. Hoover made the chicken come out of the pot and disappear into even thinner air. I'm for the new deal. It may bog down far short of the places to which I hope that it will go. But look at the old deal. ‘‘All ashore that’s going ashore!” I'm for the magical islands that lie ahead of us out there where the blue begins. Anchors aweigh! If it is held against me that on numerous other occasions I have yielded too readily to enthusiasms and the spell of adjectives, I readily will admit the impeachment. It is a mistake, perhaps, to waste all your warm words early in life. The prodigal critic of literature or life may come in his decling years face to lace with some masterpiece and have nothing left to say. Such a spendthrift fumbles in his purse and finds nothing except small change in coins of nickel and copper praise. And these are worn smooth through overuse. Still there is something to be said for Coal Oil Johnny. He has had fun for his adjectives. There is a compensating glow in the heart of the young critic when he remembers the day an obscure author came to him asking bread, though rather expecting a stone, and he with a flourish reached down into the bread box and gave the poor man layer cake. a tt a Upon Shooting the Works \ FTER all,” one of the young critics told me in TV justifying his mode of life, ‘‘it may be just as tragic as you say to be caught late in life with a masterpiece in front of you and not a single adequate adjective left in your purse. Yes. I’ll grant you that it's unfortunate. But there’s still another contingency which I mean to avoid. Wouldn’t it be a rotten sell to die with half your adjectives still unused? You know you can’t take them with you to heaven. Os what possible use would they be up there? "Even the bVavest superlatives would seem pretty mean and petty in that land. Think of being blessed with milk and honey for the first time and trying to express your gratitude and wonder with •The best I ever tasted.' No sir. I’m going to get ready for the new eternal words by using up all the old ones before I die.” And so the new deal gets my adjectives. I think it’s in for a run. (Copyright. 1931. by The Times)

Questions and Answers

Q —Can an American citizen who was formerly a British subject, regain his British citizenship by returning to England? A—He first must comply with the requirements of the Bntish naturalization laws. Q —Where is the newspaper "La Prensa” published? A—Buenos Aires, Argentina. Q—Give the correct spelling of judgment. A—Both judgment and judgement are authorized by the Standard dictionary. q —what religion is practiced by the majority of the people of Poland? A—About 75 per cent are Roman Catholic; 12 per cent Russion Orthodox; 10 per cent. Jews; and 3 per cent Protestants. Q—Did the United States government issue commemorative coins of a Century of Progress Exposition in Chicago? A—No. Q—ln which book of the Bible is the reference to the birds of the air having their nests, but the Son of Man having no place to lay his head? A—Matthew 8:20 and Luke 9:58. Q—What is the source of the quotation: "What’s in a name? That which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet.” A—Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliette," Act 111, Scene 2. Q —How many lives were lost in the American army and navy during the World war? A —The total for both branches of the service to July 1, 1919. was 125.500. The deaths in the army, including the marines attached to it. were 115.660. Q—Who supervised the production of the motion picture ' Forgotten Men?" Were actual war scenes included? A—The scenes were compiled and supervised by Samuel Commins. assisted by Edward Gellner and Louis Goldberg, from official war films. It was released by Jewel Productions. New York City. Q —How many trained and untrained nurses are there in the United States? A—The 1930 census enumerated 294.189 trained and 153.443 untrained nurses. Q—Where are the Pooono mountains? A—ln the eastern part of Pennsylvania between Stroudsburg and Scranton. Q —How many children did General Robert E. Lee have? A—Seven: George Washington Curtis. Marv. William H. Fitzhugh, Agnes, Annie. Robert Edward and Mildred. Q—Name the Chinese minister to the United States. A—Mr Sao-Ke Alfred Sze. Q —What was the Dorr rebellion? A—lt was the outcome of an essentially democratic movement in one of the last strongholds of conservatism, on the question of manhood'suffrage. On May 3, 1842. the "suffrage legislature," assembled at Newport, R. 1., with Thomas W. Dorr, as Governor. King, the legitimate Governor, proclaimed martial law. The suffrage party appealed to arms. Their troops were dispersed and Dorr fled. Q —Was Henry VIII peculiarly tall? A—He was nearly 6 feet 4 inches.

THE FREEDOM OF THE PRESS

Code Maneuvers Seen Threat Against Liberty of Speech

This i the last of a series of articles on Freedom of the Press." cxpalining •hr this issue is Important to every newspaper reader. BY WILLIS THORNTON Times Special Writer IT is in time of war or other emergency that freedom of expression always Is in greatest danger. And the first words of the national industrial recovery act are: "A national emergency ... is is hereby declared to eexist.” That makes the editorial mind turn immediately to the wartime emergencies which so often have meant censorship and oppression. That is why American editors have watched so carefully the development of NRA and the rest of the new deal as they may affect, directly or indirectly, freedom of expression. That is why it is important to every man—because any restrictions on those liberties are restrictions on you, the reader, as well as on the publisher. a a a THE recovery act then goes on to state that “Whenever the President shall find that destructive wage or price cutting or other activities contrary to the policy of this title are being practiced in any trade or industry or any subdivision thereof” he may, after public hearing, place that industry under license. That means he can refuse to allow certain companies to carry on, simply by refusing them licenses. From such decision there is no appeal, and fines of SSOO a day for operating without license are provided. Now if a manufacturer is producing pickle tubs, there is little chance that he would be refused a license except for “destructive wage or price cutting.’” But in the case of a newspaper, editors point out that “other activities contrary to the policy of this title (act)” might well include printing material critical of it. And if the government took it that way, it would be a plain case of licensing the press and controlling its utterances by threatening to refuse a license. a a a THAT is why many editors have insisted that any code they sign must contain a specific statement that they do not relinquish any of the Constitutional rights of a citizen to print and publish freely, though of course, the newspaper code, whether or not it contains such a provision, can not exempt the press from the NIRA, a law of congress. This "licensing” provision of the act, however, expires June 16, 1934, and vehement assurances have been given by the adminis-

ROUNDING ROUND npl_r T 7 A r PI7 T> Q WITH WALTER Ili JL <r\ 1 H/IVO D . HICKMAN

THE Motion Picture Herald, an authentic movie journal, each yea finds an answer to the question—“ Who are the ten biggest money making stars in this country?” This year the publication asked 12.000 exhibitors to answer that question from a period starting Sept. 1, 1932, to Sept. 1, 1933.

Marie Dressier w’as voted the "biggest money-making star of 1932-1933,” according to the results of the poll. The others, according to the order of ranking by the theater owner ballots, follow: Will Rogers. Janet Gaynor, Eddie Cantor, Wallace Beery, Jean Harlow, Clark Gable, Mae West, Norma Shearer, and Joan Crawford. It may be surprising to note that Miss West is in eighth position. That of course is due to the fact that since the poll closed, Mae’s last picture has struck its tremendous stride w-'nich may put her in first place when the next poll is taken. st a a MISS DRESSLER for the second time gets first position as the biggest money drawing star in the business. Os course Greta Garbo is missing from the list.because she "tank I go to Sweeden.” Ernest A. Rovelstad. managing editor, in sending the result of his remarkable poll, states: "Miss Dressier repeated the victory she won in the 1931-32 survey. Will Rogers was ninth in that poll and Miss Gaynor second. "It is to be noted that feminine and male players alternately shared the first eight rankings in the current survey. "The period covered was Sept. 1. 1932, to Sept. 1. 1933. and 163 players were nominated by the

PENNEY TO TALK

J. C. Penney Chain store magnate J. C. Penney, a minister's son. will give the story of his life, depicting his early struggles with poverty, at 3 Sunday in Cadle tabernacle. Delegations from the J. C. Penney stores at Anderson, Lebanon. Crawfordsville, Columbus and Indianapolis will attend. Mr. Penney is the owner of 1,490 stores throughout the Unted States. An Indianapolis store was opened late last year on East Washington street. Mr. Penney, in honor of his father, founded the Old Preachers' Homestead for the benefit of retired ministers.

"THE BLIND” trators that no such use of the licensing power is contemplated by President Roosevelt. It is hot expected to be a real factor in making the publishers’ code, though publishers are likely to insist on a free press clause. That is because the NIRA is a law of congress, and not of their doing. But anything the publishers sign, such as the code, must contain an assurance that they themselves are not giving up the constitutional right of freedom of expression. It all will be ironed out very soon. a a a BUT there are many other straws blowing about which indicate that the present government, like any government in power, grows restless under criticism from time to time, and wishes it had greater control over what people say and think about it. The very reluctance of the code authorities to include a free press clause in the publishers’ code, saying it was “unnecessary,” led to suspicion on the part of the editors. If it was merely “unnecessary,” why not just put it in, anyway? they asked. Then along came the two “tempests in teapots” in the NRA and the treasury department. Neither was a clear case of viola-

exhibitors. Ranking was determined by the total number of citations received by each player. Exhibitors were asked to make their nominations solely according to the box office strength of the pictures in which the players were featured. The questionnaire read: Please list the ten players whose pictures drew the greatest number of pauons to your theater from Sept. 1, 1932, to Sept. 1, 1933, without regard to age of picture, net profit, length of run, nature of competition or other conditions (weather, etch during exhibition. In the cases of Miss Dressier and Will Rogers, winners of first and second places, respectively, it was found that the preponderance of votes cast specified the three first positions. “The exhibitors’ choice also indicates the type of product preferred by the public. Five of the ten winning players appeared for the most part in comedy-dramas, three in drama, two in comedy. Players in so-called western pictures also received a number of citations." This poll tells its own important story and one that every exhibitor has a right to consider because his public helped to make the answer. In the Jan. 6 issue of Motion Picture Herald, a complete survey of the vote is given. I have been given the right to reproduce the result in this department. n st a DEATH took a big toll from the film industry last year, according to the Film Daily. The magazine includes the following names in the death toll list Renee Adoree. Roscoe (Fatty) Arbuckle, Spottswoode Aitken, Mike Donlin, Paul Dickey, Tex Guinan, Julia Sw’ayne Gordon, Walter Hiers, Louise Closser Hale, William Morris, Jack Pickfcrd. Lewis J. Selznick. Ernest Torrence, Joseph Urban. Harry D. Wilson, and E. H. Sothern.

‘Buy Our Pigs or We’ll Drink Gin,’ Britain Told

By United Prrttt TTFASHINGTON, Jan. 6.—There VV are so many pigs in Denmark that there's a serious shortage of Scotch whisky in the United States. Here's the plot Great Britain has signed a contract to buy 62 per cent of her pork from Denmark. And Great Britain wants to sell the United States Scotch liquor by the boatload. The United States replies, through the federal alcohol control administration: "You buy our pigs, or we won’t buy ycur whisky.’" Great Britan retorts. "Were sorry; but we don't need any more pigs."

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES'

tion of the freedom of the press, but both showed that this government is no different from any other government. Republican or Democratic, dictatorship or commune. All try to get the kind of publicity they want, by one means or another. a a a General Johnson, after announcing that NRA was to be conducted “in a goldfish bowl,” became annoyed by unfavorable statements on the workings of NRA by James True, author of a “news letter” on Washington affairs. Johnson barred True from his press conferences. This was, of course, only indirectly a restriction on freedom of the press, but such penalties cast shadows over the mind of every reporter, and none feels as free as formerly, when he sees that his access to news sources may be closed if he does not “toe the line.” Secretary Ickes and Solicitor Margold of the interior department already had ordered subordinates in their department not to give information to newspapermen. This order was rescinded only after strong protests by newsmen. Then Acting Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau Jr.,

STATE FLORISTS TO PICK NEW OFFICERS Flower Show for Prizes Also Scheduled. High points of the State Florists Association meeting at 2 Tuesday in the Lincoln will be election of officers and competition for the Indiana carnation, sweet pea and rose trophies. The florists NRA code will be open for discussion by 1 all florists. The program has been curtailed somewhat this year in order to give more time to the American Carnation Society convention here Feb. 8 and 9. Tom Knipe, Kokomo, is association president. Nominees for president include Mr. Knipe, Edward C. Grande and Robert P. Kiefer, Indianapolis. 2 DAW 4GE~sUrrS~FC)R SIO,OOO EACH FILED Permanent Injuries Alleged by Collision Victims. Collision between an automobile and an ambulance at Tenth street and Capitol avenue Nov. 17 was the basis for two suits for SIO,OOO damages each filed in Marion circuit court yesterday against James Kervan. In one suit, Mrs. Hallie Ratts, Paragon, ind., 'charges she was injured permanently when the ambulance, in which her husband, Bert Ratts, was being rushed to the hospital, was overturned. Mr. Ratts died a few days later. The second suit, identical in nature, wms filed by Cyrle Ratts, another relative. DINNeFwILL' HONOR EXPRESS CO. OFFICER Officials From Various Parts of Country to Attend. H. B. Calkins, Railway Express Agency Indiana division superintendent, will be honored at a dinner tonight in the Sevqrin. attended by about 150 company officials from various of the country. Mr. Calkins observed his seventieth birthday Wednesday, marking fifty-three years service in the express business. He has been an executive fortj-six years. He resides r.t 4222 Broadway.

The United States insists: ‘Better find a way to buy American pigs, or we’ll drink gin.” That is as far as the international dialogue, couched in diplomatic language, has progressed. The initial British liquor quota of 607.000 gallons has been exhausted. The FACA says that no more import licenses will be granted until Great Britain diverts some of her pig business to the United States. Great Britain is studying ways and means, while American drinkers of Scotch are turning to gin. as originally threatened. Their supplies of Highland dew are fast reaching the vanishing point

no moro than succeeded to Secretary Woodin’s chair than he issued a similar order, and further ordered that no statistics be issued by sections of his department except through a central board. That included many figures and bulletins which had been issued for many years by subordinate sections of the treasury department. a a a THESE events, while not literally infringements on freedom of the press, show a tendency of officials to grow thinskinned as criticism arises. And one of the basic requirements of an official under democracy is: He must* be able to “take it.” Radio, which theoretically ought to have the same rights to speak facts and opinions as a publican tion to print them, already is hobbled by licensing. This probabliy was unavoidable, as the air has room for only a limited number of stations, whereas, printed matter may be produced without limit and still not exclude the other fellow from the field. Necessary or not, the fact remains that every radio station depends on the government for its license to do business, and the result, according to H. V. Kal-

Pittsburg Cleans Up Police Push Drive on Law Breakers as Part of Mayor’s New Deal Plan. By United Press PITTSBURGH, Jan. 6.—The Pittsburgh police department, taking literally the remark of Mayor William N. McNair and the four new Democratic councilmen that police should disregard political affiliations of lawbreakers, were in the process of cleaning the city today.

It was the first visible act of the Democratic “new deal" government toward administering the affairs of the city, and it brought howls from the better known racketeers on up to that group of citizens w’hose only illegality is parking by a fire plug. The cleaning up began about dusk yesterday, and from indications this morning will continue until the customary pressure is brought against the department to ease up on this place or that. Mayor McNair said no such pressure ever would be brought during his administration. Forty-nine persons—men, women, black and white —were rounded up during the night as alleged “numbers" racketeers, liquor law,’ violators, or operators of disorderly houses and their guests. Scores of others found on their automobiles little blue cards announcing they had violated one or another traffic ordinance, and requesting their presence in traffic court. Leaders of the number writing racket reportedly sought the refuge of neighboring boroughs and townships and let their followers stand the gaff. Said Mayor McNair when informed one member's

OIS .

Harold L. Ickes By United Pres* WASHINGTON, Jan. 6.—lnterior Secretary Harold L. Ickes announced today that a subsistence community, providing homes for SCO families, would be established in Jasper and Putnam counties, Georgia. The University of Georgia, it was said, will co-operat® in the project through its many facilities, including two agricultural experiment stations and three Negro institutions.

Drcucn by Edmund H. Gunder

tenbom, a noted news broadcaster, is this: “Broadcasting stations need the co-operation of federal authorities. They wish to remain on good terms with the authorities at Washington ... No one out of tune with generally accepted principles or policies is apt to be welcomed ‘on the air’ . . . Unknown to the general public, there is a thoroughgoing radio censorship already in effect. It operates quietly and efficiently, through a process of exclusion.” a a a THUS, surrounded by a world drawing away from those inseparable twins, democracy and freedom of expression, confronted by the licensing of radio speech, and the possibility (even if remote) of licensing of the press, viewing an increasing flood of state regulation and restriction, and watching a national government that shows signs of restlessness in the face of criticism, the American press has been more than usually vigilant. For the rights they seek to protect are not merely the rights of the newspapers themselves, nor of the publishing trade, but the right of every citizen to speak his mind. That is why it is important to you. '(THE END)

headquarters had moved to Millvale : “We ought to annex Millvale and drive them on to Ross township.’’ Meanw’hile, the new mayor, whose antics since his inauguration have kept the citizens in a quandary as to just what the “new deal" will mean for them, appealed to the public for understanding. “Let me have a little fun," he said in a hill district speech last night. “If you heard the tragic stories I hear and took them all seriously and let things get the best of you, you’d go crazy." A few hours earlier he said to an elderly man who asked the mayor to sign his application for a job: “Why should I sign it? I have my job."

Fast Work! Police Bring In Loot as Victim Reports.

TNDIANAPOLIS police are fast workers. Henry Bywaters. 1503 ! Nolan street, decided today when he went, to police headquartns to report his car had been looted. Bywaters, a Nickel Plate railroad detective, sat down to fill in a report blank, showing that a shotgun, several cartridges, handcuffs and automobile tools had been stolen from his car parked in the 700 block North East street last night. While Bjwvaters was making his report, in walked Sergeant Arthur Huber and squad, carrying the loot taken from Bywater's car. The officers explained they were called to 725 North East street by Mrs. Jeanette Netvton, who said that her former husband. Joseph Newton, had gone to the house last night and threatened to kill her. She said she left, returning this morning to find the former husband asleep in her bed. with the shotgun and other articles beside the bed. Officers arrested him on vagrancy charges. He is reported to have claimed a man gave him the stolen articles. KOKOMO ROUNDHOUSE DESTROYED BY FIRE 520.000 Loss Suffered as Flames Endanger Firemen. By United Prraa KOKOMO. Ind.. Jan. 6. —Fire destroyed the Continental Steel Corporation roundhouse here last night at an estimated loss of about $20,000. Lives of firemen were endangered when high tension wire melted and dropped to the ground, but none was injured. I

Fair Enough By Westbrook Pegler THERE is considerable agitation among the statesmen just now over the problem of how this country* safely may let go a bear which it grabbed by 'the tail in 1893. The Philippine islands demand their independence, and there seems to be a general desire that they be given the same, but also a fear that If they are let go too abruptly and placed in the status of a foreign nation they soon will go broke and presently fall into the hands of the Japanese. It is very difficult, however, to arouse any popu-

lar American interestin the problem because the majority of Americans, not to go into the matter of their keen intelligence, do not have a very -definite idea where the Philippine islands are or what a Filipino is. There are many who would be very* much surprised to learn that, the islands belong, in a ciude manner of speaking, to the United States and how we got them. The story of how we got them would make good telling, too. by way of showing what likely is to happen to any nation which does not keep in shape. If a nation neglects to keep in shape

the time is almost sure to come when some other nation, animated by the highest ideals of humanity, will move to save it from its own vices, enlighten its ignorance, and civilize it with a. Krag. That was how the U. S. A. got the Philippines. If the Americans had fewer troubles of their own at this time, and an understanding of what seems to be approximately what, with regard to Philippines, they probably would be very sympathetic and insist that the islands be given a square shake not only for the sake of the Filipinos but for the sake of the United States. But there is great worry over the marital disaster of the Fairbanks-Pickfords. and the Filipino is just a sort of a kind of a Chinaman or something, isn’t he? O tt tt More Interest in Football THERE was a flurry of temper in the football game between the Columbia team and the Annapolis midshipmen a few weeks ago which bears on this phase of the piece. The Midshipmen were using a half back named Gordon Chung-Hoon, a Hawaiian, who was born in Maryland. ChungHoon was playing that sort of football which is described, not as dirty football, which has an offensive sound, but, more tactfully, as “not parlor football.” This has been going on for some time, so when the flurry occurred between the Midshipman ChungHoon and a member of the Columbia team, one of the Columbia coaches yelled across to Rip Miller, the Navy coach: “Hey, Rip, tell that damn Chinaman of yours this isn’t that kind of a football game.” There is very little altruism between nations any more, but, rather surprisingly, in a country whose hand was snapped off clear up to the shoulder, in offering ice cream and cake to various unfortunates within recent memory, the altruisty motive occurs again in the present agitation for Philippine independence. a a a Xo Grabs Allowed IT is nicely mixed with self-interest, however, as it seems that the most convenient and safest way to turn the Philippines loose is to build them up to a fairly stout economic and political condition and smother them with affection to make them love the United States and as a last condition, to exact promises from all the tough mugs of the world, especially from Japan, that they will not grab the Philippines on one pretext or another the minute this country lets go. It would be understood thoroughly in such case that if any nation should then grab the Philippines all the other nations, including this one, would pass resolutions of scorn. Furthermore, it is proposed that the Filipinos must be allowed to send their sugar and hemp and cocoanut oil into this counti*y either free of duty or under the advantage of a preferential tariff following their complete liberation. Otherwise, they would not be able to buy any American condensed milk or cotton goods or cigarets. There is an altruistic feeling that we ought to maintain their capacity to buy, and enoy, American condensed milk, cotton goods and cigarets. And, finally, among a few rare idealists there is a belief that the Filipinos have played ball in a very sportsmanlike way with the United States even though the United States did double cross the Filipino patriots who were trying to wiggle their country loose from Spain and were pretty sure of eventful success when this country stepped in and grabbed them in 1898. But it is very hard to arouse public sympathy for the islands in the United States at this time. Although Columbia licked Stanford the weather was a factor and the issue continues unsettled. And there is also the question of Babe Ruth’s salary. And when you come right down to it, the Filipinos put in most of their time singing Yaki-Hula Hickey-Doola on the beach at Waikiki, don’t they? Or is that the Hottentots? What do they want independence for?

Dietz on Science

ASTRONOMY finds itself at the beginning of 1934 in a state where new’ discoveries are being made more rapidly than they can be fitted into a complete picture of the universe. Speaking at the close of 1932, at the Atlantic City meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Mr. Harlow’ Shapley, director of the Harvard observatory, termed current theories of stellar evolution superficial and inadequate and called upon astronomers to revise their theories. He also said that the time had come to abandon the Chamberlin-Mculton theory of the origin of the solar system, according to w’hich the planets were formed from material torn frcm the sun by a passing star. He said that it was probable that the moon, the earth, the planets, the sun and stars were all the same age. all formed simultaneously from the condensation of one parent gaseous nebula. During 1933, the desired all-inclusive theory was not forthcoming. Instead new discoveries were made which emphasized the need for anew theory and at the same time made astronomers doubt that they possessed sufficient information on which to base it. Speaking again at the close of 1933 at the Boston meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Dr. Shapley summarized the situation when he said the need of the day was bigger telescopes and more sensitive photographic plates with which to gather more information about the more distant parts of our own galaxy and the spiral nebulae. nun THE important discoveries in astronomy during 1933 may be summarized as follows: Demonstration that the Milky Way or galaxy is only about one-half or one-third as large as previously supposed, having a diameter of about 100,000 light years. This was first pointed cut by Dr. Joel Stebbins of the Washburn observatory as the result of experiments which he carried on with photo-electric apparatus at the Mt. Wilson observatory, attaching his instruments to that observatory's giant 100-inch telescope. He showed that faint stars were not as far away as had been supposed, their dimness being due in large part to the presence of a cosmic cloud of dust in the space between stars. Confirmation of the new estimate of the size of the galaxy by Dr. J. S. Piaskett of the Dominion Astrophysics! observatory using entirely different methods. Dr. Piaskett arrived at his conclusion from a study of the distribution and motions of the brightest stars in the galaxy. Demonstration by Dr. Stebbins that the Andromeda Nebula, the nearest spiral nebua, is twice as large as was previously thought. This makes our own galaxy and the Andromeda Nebula practically the same size. Proof by Dr. Alfred H Joy of the Mt. Wilson observatory that the galaxy revolves like a gigantic pinwheel, taking 240.000,000 years to make one revolution. Confirmation of the revolution of the galaxy by Dr. Piaskett from his studies of the bright stars of the galaxy.

PGAE 7

J \jr i

Westbrook Pegler