Indianapolis Times, Volume 45, Number 196, Indianapolis, Marion County, 26 December 1933 — Page 16

PAGE 16

—Dietz on Science— GEOLOGY MADE SIMPLE IN BOOK POND PROMPTED Story of Billion Years Told by Michigan Scientist. BY DAVID DIETZ Srripps-Howard Science Editor A Wisconsin mill pond is used by Dr. William O. Hotchkiss of the M'chigan College of Mining and Technology to teach the fundamental lessons of geology. He describes the pond in the opening pages of “The Story of a Billion Years." The layman who wants a brief but adequate introduction to tne science of geology will find it in this book. Dr. Hotchkiss has accomplished the task of putting an excellent summary of geology into 137 pages. The book is one of the splendid “Century of-Progress” series published by William & Wilkins at SI a volume. Geology is an easy science. Dr. Hotchkiss says. College students struggling with the chemical composition of minerals or the nomenclature of paleontology may object to that remark. But it is essentially true, as Dr. Hotchkiss says, that “all that need be done in order to give us a very satisfying knowledge of things geological is to call them to our attention." Geologic Epoch Told To illustrate his point, he takes a little Wisconsin mill pond which he calls "a pocket edition of a geologic epoch." The pond came into existence when someone built a dam in the river. Its history was ended by a flood, seventy years later,, which destroyed the dam and cut a tiny canyon through the sediments deposited in the pond. “As I looked at the vertical sides of the three-foot ‘canyon’ cut in the sediments in the Wisconsin mill pond, i could see the edges of thin horizontal layers of different kinds of mud," Dr. Hotchkiss writes. “Closer examination showed that some of these layers were of coarse material and some of fine, that some were light colored and some dark. Some contained decayed leaves and other vegetable matter. By careful observation I could distinguish the layers that represented a year's deposit. Counting these annual layers told me that they had been accumulating for about seventy years. “The alphabet of this story is simple. The little stream carried mud and sand, as all streams do. It carried fallen leaves in the autumn. It carried more mud and sand and more coarse material in flood times than in dry times. Times Record in Mud When it reached the still water of the pond, uie sand and mud and even the leaves finally settled to the bottom, so that the water which escaped over the dam was much clearer than that which came into the pond. The coarser sand and small pebbles settled much more quickly than the fine mud. "With these simple everyday facts as an alphabet, I was prepared to read the story recorded in the mud layers behind the old dam. A thick layer of sand and fine pebbles told of a long-past flood stage in the little stream. When, over that layer, I found a layer of the finest mud. I knew that the flood had subsided. A layer which contained leaves in fair abundance enabled me to deduce with Sherlock Holmes’ certainty that it must have been deposited in the autumn.’’ Three Processes Noted Similar records. Dr. Hotchkiss goes on, were found by De Geer studying the mud and sand deposits in ancient Swedish lakes. There, the records went back not for seventy years but for 3,000. Three of the great fundamentals or geological processes were illustrated by the Wisconsin mill pond, he tells us. First, the stream that flowed into the mill pond was typical of all streams. It carried mud and sand and pebbles in its flow. Second, the material carried by the stream had been washed into it by the rain. This wearing away of the land is known as erosion. Third, the material was deposited in layers in the pond. This is the way in which the layers or strata of sedimentary rocks are built. FOOTPAD STRIKES CHILD South Side Girl Resists Efforts to Steal Purse. Successfully resisting efforts of a Negro footpad to steal her purse. Josephine Whiteside, 10, of 11124 Shelby street, was struck in the face by the thief, she reported to police yesterday. The incident occurred on Virginia avenue, near McCarty street. Struck by Hit-Run Car Gilbert Warren. Negro, 17, of 1924 Columbia avenue, suffered lacerations and bruises of the face and a fractured nose at Twentieth street and Columbia avenue yesterday by a hit-and-run driver.

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MOVIE REVIEWS NEWS OF 1933 Graham McNamee Relates Events That Will Make History. Outstanding news events written into history during 1933 are included in a pictorial resume of the year’s happenings, to be seen in the current issue of The Times-Universal Newsreel. Graham McNamee, noted radio announcer and the screen’s talking reporter, describes the events in the review. Traveling over the last twelve months with the cameramen the pictures record such views as the spectacular crash at Floyd Bennett field in New York City, which killed General Francesco De Pinedo, famed flier, at the start of his attempted nonstop flight to Bagdad; views of Postmaster-General Farley, dedicating the world's fair in Chicago; scenes in Washington as Franklin D. Roosevelt takes the oath of office as thirty-second President of the United States; Wiley Post ending his record-break-ing solo flight around the world, and scenes of General Italo Balbo’s squadron arriving at the world's fair | in Chicago. The newsreel also pre- 1 sents news pictures of Colonel and j Mrs. Charles A. Lindbergh arriving in New York City at the end of their epochal aerial survey of four ! continents. Frightened Thief Drops Haul A thief who stole a quantity of clothing from the home of Noble ! Hilgenberg. 3841 North Capitol avenue, last night, was frightened away j and dropped the clothing in the | yard as he fled, police were notified, i

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SHOTGUN GOES OFF, KILLS STATE YOUTH Monroeville I.ad, 19, Accidentally Slain at Home. Bp Times Special FT. WAYNE, Dec. 26.—John R. Quinlan, 19, son of Mr. and Mrs. Walter Quinlan, Monroeville, was shot and killed accidentally yesterday by his brother. Joseph Quinlan. The butt of a shotgun which Joseph was holding accidentally struck the floor of the porch of their home and the weapon was discharged, the bullet going through the kitchen door, striking John in the chest. CHRISTMAS DAY SEEN FIRST TIME BY BOY, 6 Surgeon Removes Cataracts From Eyes Blind Since Birth. 111 l United Press SPRINGFIELD, Mo.. Dec. 26. Loren Lockhart. 6, saw Christmas day for tile first time yesterday. A sureon recently removed cataracts from the child’s eyes which had made him blind since birth. He was the only guest at a Christmas party arranged by hospital nurses.

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REBEL SOCIETY IS BLAMED FOR CHURCHMURDER Secret Revolutionary Group Accused of Plotting Archbishop’s Death. Bp United Fret* NEW YORK. Dec. 26.—A secret revolutionary society dedicated to the re-establishment of an Armenian republic was blamed by police today for the murder of Archbishop Leon Tourian, primate of the Armenian church of North and South America, wno was stabbed to death in front of the altar in the Holy Cross Armenian Apostolic church Sunday. Members of the society assembled, determined to assassinate the primate, police charged. Lots were drawn and the man thus chosen was armed with a dagger which he plunged into Archbishop Tourian’s back while about twenty-five society members prevented interference from the congregation, detectives said. Four men were held, charged with homicide. The actual dagger wielder was not among them, detectives admitted, but his identity was said to be known. The old republic of Armenia now is a Soviet state. The archbishop was regarded as friendly toward the Soviets and detectives surmised that the society felt he stood between it and fulfillment of its plans. Walks Into Auto, Injured James Devine, 60, was injured last night when he walked into the side of a car driven by James Auberry, 24. of 115 North Arsenal avenue, at East and Market streets. Police said Devine had been drinking and they were unable to learn his adj dress or extent of his injuries. He was taken to city hospital.

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CAMERA RECORDS TRAGEDY OF §EA

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One of the grim episodes in the storm that lashed the coast of France recently is revealed by the camera in the striking pictures shown here. Tom from her moorings and hurled onto the rocks, the lightship “Dyck" was at the mercy of howling gales when this photo was taken off Gravelines, Prance. Four of the crew of seven perished. One of the exhausted survivors is shown below as two fishermen led him up the beach to safety.

PLAN NATIONAL FUNERAL FOR TRAIN VICTIMS French Investigation Still Centers on Operation . of Signals. Bp United Perns PARI9. Dec. 26.—Cabinet min- j isters. their Christmas saddened by i the most tragic railway accident in Freneh history, made plans today for a national funeral tomorrow morning for victims of the Lagny wreck. After sixty hours of work, construction gangs this morning cleared the second track of the line, where the Strasbourg express, traveling at more than sixty miles an hour, plowed through the wooden coaches

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of the Paris-Nancy train and traffic proceeded normally past the wreck scene. There were 191 known dead toda*v J with ninety desperately injure' 'in hospitals here and at Meaux. The dead lay in the Chapel Ardente under the eastern station here in the dim light of holy candles. Many of th children, lying in the low rows of dead, still clutched Christmas teddy bears and dolls. Inquiry into the cause of the wreck continued to center on the operation of safety signals. Thcs failed in a test yesterday—t hough two persons testified that the semaphores beside th* tracks and the torpedoes placed on the rails as signals in the dense fog worked normally when the wreck occurred. Phest Colds Best treated without “dosing" z ‘ ICKS