Indianapolis Times, Volume 45, Number 117, Indianapolis, Marion County, 25 September 1933 — Page 10

PAGE 10

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MONDAY. BEPT 2*. 1933. OLD AGE PENSIONS A SINCERE effort for just and economical ■**- administration of Indiana’s old age pension law must consider whether human need shall be paramount. Another factor is dollars and cents. Neither Marion nor any other county can give full rein to appropriations for old age pensions. To this matter of aiding the needy aged, we should apply what many of us have learned in the depression, the practice of “doing without.” In fixing budgets, consideration should be given to what can be eliminated so that the more important things can be provided for. If we place pensions for the aged in the latter category, then the old people of the state are assured of fair consideration. It can not be said that the proponents of pensions have given Indiana an unreasonable law. The pensioning can not start until the age of 70 and the limit of payment to a pensioner is sls a month. In California, one of twenty-five states which have adopted pension laws, the maximum payment is twice the amount provided in Indiana. A recent statement by the Fraternal Order of Eagles, which led the fight for the enactment of the pension law by the 1933 state legislature, contained an estimate that 14,000 persons possibly might qualify for aid in Indiana. Assuming that each of the 14,000 would receive the sls monthly maximum, the total cost annually would be $1,040,000 less than provided for only four major state educational institutions for the present fiscal year. Pensions, admission to poorhouses or township poor relief are the means by which the needy aged can get public help. It is pointed out by the pension advocates that the monthly per capita cost of a poorhouse inmate is $37.38, more than twice the maximum pension. The staggering burden carried by hundreds of townships in poor relief costs is well known. In this situation, it seems that pensioning Is'far preferable to the other forms of relief. Indiana’s poorhouse status is nothing to be proud of. We hear much now of “mobilizing for human need; of the heavy burden. of caring for the needy, and of the menace to schools due to decline In tax receipts ’’ Perhaps in a proper weighing of these factors, we shall get anew and better deal for the worthy, needy aged of Indiana. A REMARKABLE WEEK THE week just past has been a remarkable one in our national history. A crisis confronted the recovery program, real though not widely recognized. It became obvious that forward progress was ceasing. Farm incomes were not being increased rapidly enough to meet rising industrial prices. Public works money was not being spent rapidly enough to get men to work. The heavy industries —steel, machinery and construction— where most unemployment exists. had no customers, and therefore no way of fulfilling their obligations under the industrial recovery program. Industries which deal directly with the consumer were in danger of losing the gaflns made recently because of this failure in the heavy industries. It seemed impossible that, at the rate it was moving, the program could reduce the 12.000.000 unemployed by even 3.000.000 before winter. The Roosevelt administration acted. Quietly, in the space of five days, it took the following steps to send the recovery program forward once more. It announced purchase by the government of $75,000,000 worth of food surpluses to feed unemployed. This will give the agricultural end of recovery an important boost. It announced construction of $50,000,000 worth of army houses This will mean immediate work for contractors and their employes, and immediate orders for material industries. It announced plans for spending $25,000,000 at once for building subsistence homesteads. This is another boost for builders as well as a way of taking unemployed off relief rolls. It rushed to completion a plan for loans to cotton fanners in exchange for promises to reduce acreage reduction next year. This has the double effect of increasing farm purchasing power at once and preventing overproduction of cotton next year. It rushed to completion, also, plans for releasing $2,000,000,000 to depositors in closed banks. The President and his interior secretary threw the weight of their influence into demands that states and cities undertake public construction at once with the government money waiting their use. There were strong indications that plans for recognition of Russia and subsequent sale of cotton there were being pushed toward quick consummation. This is a remarkable record of activity condensed into a few days and the best possible evidence that this new government has not exhausted its resources. WHY THE PALACE? THERE was a day when an ambassador was extraordinary and plenipotentiary, just as the title reads. Today, while an ambassador mav be extroardinarv. in one sense or another, none is plenipotentiary in the sense of having full power to act in the name of his country. Today we have cables, wireless and transoceanic telephones and important decisions are made by the home office. Today if an ambassador is puzzled concerning his own country's policy, he doesn't have to trust to God and his own good Judgment. He can tell his aecretary to get the White House on the phone. In the dead and gone days, intrigue waa 4 the ambassador s business. He operated u

smoothly as he was able among people of his own set, including the nobles who surrounded the throne to which he was accredited. He fostered discord among his country's enemies and soothed personal jealousies among his country's friends. He acted as matchmaker, if occasion required, obtaining the hand of the beautiful princess for his doddering royal master; or, if the facts were the reverse, plighting the troth of his handsome young ruler to the ugly duckling daughter of the local king. It was quite a Job ln its way and the ambassador needed room to turn around in. He was the king’s proxy and he required a kingly setting. When he entertained he had to entertain royally. But all that was ln another day. Today an American ambassador has no more use for a palace than he has for lace cuffs. Today international issues are not disposed of by discreet whisperings in scented surroundings. Today there are few governments in which the king cuts any ice. The greatest of the old world powers is largely, at least, in the hands of the labor party and labor representatives are having a share in nearly every other European government. These thoughts are aroused by the news that the new $1,297,000 American embassy in Paris now is ready for occupancy. It appears to be a twenty-room palace, handsomer than anything of its kind in Paris, built on a site personally selected by Andrew W. Mellon, when he was secretary of the treasury. The United States is a republic. France is a republic. Will some kind reader please tell us why the envoy from the American democracy to the French democracy must be housed in the most pretentious palace in Paris? The present ambassador is not responsible, of course; he probably would prefer a merely comfortable house and an adequate office. But our government has presented him with a palace instead. Why? BEFORE HE SOILS IT A TEMPTING po’itical gamble, it seems. has been placed before President Roosevelt by his energetic political manager, Post-master-General James Farley. Briefly, it is that the President take advantage of the astonishing weakness of Tammany’s candidate for mayor of New York City to seize control of the Democratic organization in the metropolis himself. This the President would do by backing Joseph* V. McKee as an independent Democratic candidate for the mayoralty. McKee would be elected, the Tammany organization would be w'recked and the party’s fortunes deposited in the firm hands of Mr. Farley and his friend, Edward J. Flynn of the Bronx. It makes a very pretty plot, but it involves one or two things that are not being mentioned in the prospectus—one or two considerations that may appeal to the President a little more strongly than they have to the postmaster-general. One is that it requires knifing a first-class friend, Major Fiorello La Guardia. Another is that it draws the President into a local political fight at a time when he needs his every strength and resource for his great national economic fight. And these two considerations are not unrelated entirely. For a very real part of the Roosevelt strength today, as was true during the campaign, lies in the support of what commonly are called the progressives in national politics. In recent sessions of congress these have been led in the senate by George W. Norris and in the house by Fiorello La Guardia. These men were fighting in Washington, years before Roosevelt arrived, for the very program that now is lifting him to the rank of greatness. The Norrises and the La Guardias did the preparatory w’ork, as Roosevelt frankly and generously has admitted. And he needs their assistance still, as he will be equally ready to admit. To put it in language then that perhaps Farley can understand, the President can no more afford—even politically—to knife La Guardia than he could afford to thus treat George Norris. The control of his own party organization in his own home town is something to appeal to the President, to be sure; the support of those independents throughout the country who have fought his fight all their lives and are prepared to carry that fight on during all the hard years that lie ahead of him, is certain to appeal to the President more. These things being true, it will not be surprising if the President gently suggests to Mr. Farley that he return to his Job of post-master-general, taking with him the presidential reputation for fair dealing before he gets it soiled. DEFENSE WHATEVER else you may say about naval armament races, you can’t deny that they, at least, have a whimsical illogicality which, if it were not potentially so dangerous, would be nothing less than delightful. A brief survey of the situation as it affects the United States. Japan and Great Britain will show what we mean. The United States government takes some $238,000,000 to bring its fleet up to treaty strength. It does this, as every one knows, because heretofore no effort has been made to attain treaty strength. The country Has voluntarily maintained a smaller navy than it is entitled to. Consequently, as any American naval expert will tell you, the American fleet has suffered by comparison with those of Great Britain and Japan. Shipyards in those countries have not been idle. Their naval strength has not been permitted to lag. However, the United States no sooner begins to spend money on its navy than the authorities of England and Japan wake up and announce that times are getting parlous. English naval authorities announce that their cruiser strength will be hopelessly below par as soon as the American program is completed. In sheer self-defense they have got to build more ships. The admiralty experts even cook up anew kind of warship, a 5,000-ton “sloop” armed with six-inch guns, which won’t come under treaty restrictions at all. As with England, so with Japan. Obviously the island empire can not allow the United States fleet to get too big a margin of superiority. In the most peaceable manner imaginable, they can do nothing else than put new keels on the ways. If they don’t, their national security will be threatened. So we And the three greatest naval powers on earth beginning a good old-fashioned

armament race—from the purest motives of self-defense! Each must spend millions upon millions of dollars on the race simply because it is afraid of its neighbors. Each one devoutly believes that one or both of its rivals are at fault. Each is afraid that one of the others may get an advantage and then start a war. If it weren’t so expensive and so dangerous, it would be good for a fine laugh. CHILDREN FIRST THE administration is facing the plight of the nation’s under-privileged children, with sympathy, realism and action. Labor Secretary Frances Perkins has called a national conference at the capital on Oct. 6 to discuss child health recovery and prepare for “a nation-wide drive to regain the ground lost during the depression.” She says a marked increase is being found everywhere -in the number of undernourished children. How many such unfortunates this rich country harbors' can be guessed from sen official estimate made by the 1930 White House conference that in the depression’s first year there were 6,000,000. The coming winter is the depression’s fifth, and will have a cumulative effect. Agriculture Secretary Henry A. Wallace is considering the proposal to include in the new deal agreements a limitation on the hours of toil of child beet sugar workers. A study by the children’s bureau revealed that migratory families’ children as young as 6 worked in the field, under wages so low that the majority of the families received relief doles. Child labor prohibition in the NRA codes do not reach the estimated 470,000 child farm hands. Another problem which the federal government should share with the localities is the schooling of the former child workers. Otherwise many will Join the migratory army and increase the nation’s relief and crime burdens. THE WORKER’S DOLLAR LABOR has achieved a notable victory in the section of the retail code which curbs the abuses of the so-called company store or commissary. The NRA is to be congratulated on making possible a long-desired economic and social reform. This action reaches much farther than the mere removal of competition which the general merchant has always held to be unfair. It liberates the worker, by enabling him to spend his money where he pleases. Viewed in this aspect, it becomes of more importance than the eradication of an unfair trade practice. So long as any worker is prevented from patronizing the store or market of his choice he is a victim of economic peonage, even if it Is imposed in the guise of company interest in his welfare. If Marlene Dietrich refuses to heed the call of the Nazis and return to Germany, it probably will be because she fears her pants won’t make a hit with Hitler. With all those guards around him, Harvey Bailey, Uncle Sam’s No. 1 outlaw', must feel like the President of the United States. Two mosquitoes named after an Australian scientist. Named, only? Whole flocks of them go after us. Interior Secretary Harold Ickes doesn't want to administer the new coal code. The Job might turn out to be too hot for him. Adolf Hitler goes into strict seclusion when he prepares a speech. The only time the Germans get a break. Best seats at new popular-priced opera in Chicago will cost only sl. That’s a mighty low note to charge for a high note. Whatever we might say against inflation, we can’t deny it’s on the up and up.

M.E.TracySays:

THE stampede for inflation is forming. It was bound to come. Debt has been driving us toward it ever since the depression began. But for debt, we would be getting along all right. Wage and price levels have little effect on living conditions if equitably adjusted. They have a tremendous, effect, however, when old obligations are involved. You can't pay off debt in money that is twice as hard to get without suffering. All told, we owe between 150 and 175 billions of dollars. That includes private, as well as public debt. The interest charge alone represents six or eight billion dollars annually. Amortization represents an equally large amount. Meanwhile, the national income has shrunk by approximately one-half. This is due not only to unemployment, but to the shrinkagee of prices and wages. The debt can not be liquidated under such circumstances. Prices and wages must be restored to about the level of 1926, as President Roosevelt has said, or much of the debt will have to be written off. a a a THE price and wage level can be raised or restored in one of two ways—general improvement of business or the cheapening of money. Experience of the last six months would seem to indicate that business lacks the power to recuperate by itself and that something must be done to devalue the dollar still more. Advocates of straight-out inflation think the best method of accomplishing this is to expand the volume of currency by coining silver and issuing paper money. They go on the assumption that more money means cheaper money. The danger of this method is the likelihood of its getting out from under control. If it works, there develops an inclination to overdo it. If it doesn't work, there develops a belief that more of it is needed. Printing press inflation is like poker. Whether you win or lose, ycu want to keep on, once the game has been started. a a a IF further devaluation is desirable, why not do the job in a definite, open way? What is the use of beating around the bush, trusting to the effect of paper money, when nobody is quite sure of what it would be, and creating a situation that the government might be unable to control? The President has authority to reduce the gold content of dollars by as much as 50 per cent. The establishment of industrial codes gives him the power to see that any reduction of the gold content is immediately reflected in a wage and price rise. In other words, if President Roosevelt were to order the dollar cut down by 25 or 35 per cent, he could follow it up with an order advancing wages by that specific amount. Such a method would insure people down below the immediate benefit of inflation, which is something that printing press money does not anr! can not insure. It also would insure business a degree of stability which is impossible with the issuance of paper currency

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

(Times readers are invited to express their rieios in these columns. Make your letters short, so all can have a chance. Limit them to 250 words or lessj By a Taxpayer. In answer to a column of Sept. 11, signed “An Interested Person,” I second the motion on a drive on all places who employ married women who don’t have to work and who have husbands working. I’ll admit there are some who have to work. If McNutt is the friend to President Roosevelt he claims to be, he will help on this drive. Let him or Francis Wells visit between 7 and 8 in the morning a few of these factories and listen to what is said to the middle aged, self supporting, taxpaying unemployed people because the last four years have put a few gray hairs around their temples, that they are beyond the age limit. if this is the law why doesn’t It work inside as well as outside. Imagine being told this after you have walked four or five miles without any breakfast. The floor lady doing the talking looked ten years older than any in the group. Why did she care? Her nest is feathered. Owns her home, with a husband and son working besides her salary. The NRA is a wonderful thing if it is carried out, but what is one to do when these places are filled up with well to do people who don’t have to work? By a Reader. The working wife who signs herself B. K., and who says “Why not let the subject of working wives rest and find something else to crab about,” has failed to see this evil in true perspective. Unattached women who live by work alone are haring a terrible time. I’m one, I’ll cite my problem—one among thousands. All affected from the same reason, no jobs for us. Every resigning working wife, who has support, makes a job for one of us needy ones. Their jobs, regardless of the capacity in which they work, is a line in which some needy unattached woman can qualify also. I am a widow, one child still in school. Am trained in a trade in factory employment. Honest, competent, reliable, yet I must endure hardships, graft rent off an unwilling relative, economize on food to

THERE are some types of enlargement of the thyroid gland associated with severe symptoms brought about by toxic or poisonous materials developed in the gland and circulated through the body. In such cases the eyes protrude, the pulse becomes rapid, the hands shake and, in fact, the whole body becomes overactive. Such people become exceedingly thin, since the food is burned up faster than it can be absorbed. They also are weak and complain of being tired. This condition can be diagnosed with a fair degree of certainty by the symptoms that have been mentioned previously and by a measurement of the basal metabolism. This is the test of the rate of chemical changes going on in the body.

: : The Message Center : : I wholly disapprove of what you say and will defend to the death your right to say it.—Voltaire

Surgical Operation May Be Best Goiter Solution - -'= BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN

: : A Woman’s Viewpoint : : ■- BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

“ A LONE at last,” murmurs the •Ta. rapturous groom to the happy bride. This is regarded by novel readers as the perfect last line for any love story, or at least it was before the intrusion of intimate bedroom scenes into our fiction. Second thought, however, proves the error of this inference, since the groom is not alone because he has the bride with him. And the dickens of it is that she’ll be with him, generally speaking, from then on, unless the two of them begin their marriage with a good deal more than the usual amount of common sense. The old-fashioned theory that a man and his wife are one has been responsible for a good deal of human misery, -and this goes for the man as well (as the woman. It is

Try Something Else

Anti-Stench By W. Jordan. That old familiar gag “there’s something rotten in Denmark” might be changed appropriately to read “there’s something rotten in Indianapolis.” Now the odor that comes from the packing companies on West Washington street may be an orchid to you but it's a stench in the nose to me and something should be done about it. It is impossible to eat a meal within the mile square without the aggravation of this nauseating odor. The city fathers have been quick to sponsor any activities that safeguard the public health and the board of health is untiring in its efforts, too, so why can’t the government go quietly about its hog killing business without such a big stink? Yours for less stench. the danger point. Anxiety akin to illness, lest child’s education cease. All because I can not work at any steady place of employment, while my neighbor, a wife with a husband’s support, owning their home, holds down a job that I am trained in, yet I must do without necessaries of life because there are not enough jobs. Mrs. B. K. I hope is reading a little on the side of a worth while argument. What can she think of herself for holding a job, knowing these conditions. I was employed several different times in the last five years, only to be laid off when orders were caught up, while married women, with support, remained, simply because they were considered old help. I’m sure Roosevelt, sooner or later, will correct this evil, with presidential power, if employers refuse to heed this cause of much poverty, that is in their power to remedy. They should belong to NRA now. There still are as good fish in the sea as has been caught, as a “help want ad” will prove. By Lawrence S. Felger. The Legion’s Crisis was excellent reading this evening. You are to be congratulated on writing it. I shall pass it on to my son, Fred,

Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine.

The patient taking the test has to forego his breakfast. He lies quietly for forty minutes to one hour. A device then is applied to measure the output of the patient’s lungs when he breathes into it. Then by suitable mathematical calculations, the basal metabolism rate can be determined. The normal rates for most people are between plus and minus 7, but occasionally rates higher or lower may be normal for some people. A third type of goiter is due to overgrowth of the cells of the thyroid gland, producing a form of new growth referred to as adenoma.

possible that the oak suffers as much as the vine from contact with the parasite, and it is highly probable that the man was hampered to a greater extent than the woman by her complete dependence upon him. a a a AT any rate, this theory, lauded so much by dead dignitaries and sundry living moralists, subtracted appreciably from the sum total of human happiness, in direct ratio as it lessened the opportunity for privacy in marriage. Even the most cursory observation proves that most couples are forced to see too much of each other. This is true especially of brides and gTOoms who possess a high per cent of romstatic illusions

ah overseas volunteer, who was with the Fifty-fourth Pioneer outfit. Would you some time take this thought and turn it over in your mind, possibly writing a few paragraphs on the subject? It is this. I have talked with several hundred men during the last three months (and they represent a fair crosssection of our metropolitan population) about the question raised by Clarence Darrow, the eminent lawyer, as to the advisability of permitting any person to exercise the power of appointment over more nan two millions of dollars. Is this amount not sufficient for any per-; son to leave to his or her family? It normally will produce about SIOO,OOO annually. The nation and the state each have need for much additional revenue, which could be expended for: 1. Unemployment relief; veterans’ relief. 2. Hospitalization for all ill and disabled persons. 3. Aid and relief for those gaining an education, or useful training. 4. Old age relief and assistance, keeping old couples together in reasonable comfort, especially those who have been the victims of unscrupulous agencies. 5. Many other worthy activities which will come to your mind as deserving the support of thinking persons. The corpus of the estate might remain intact so as not to disturb business conditions, but let 50 per cent of the amount above $2,000,000 vest in the nation, and the remaining 50 per cent vest in the state of which the decedent died a resident. Compel an annual accounting of the distribution of income and principal.

Daily Thought

IN God I have put my trust; I will not fear what flesh can do unto me.—Psalms, 56:4.

Trust men, and they will be true to you; treat them greatly, and they will show themselves great.— Emerson.

Rarely the thyroid gland is also subject to cancer. For any type of enlargement of the thyroid gland, w'hether benign or malignant, surgical operation may be the most desirable method of treatment. It has the certainty of removal of the gland and permits the possibility of control of the patient’s symptoms by the prescription of either thyroid gland material or iodone, according to the nature of the symptoms. Disturbances of the thyroid gland in themselves are so serious that they never should be neglected. It is, like other glands of the body, a regulator of body function. Its significance to the body resembles that of a governor on an engine.

and almost no experience in the fine art of living. Some writer once said that the contemplative desire is one of the strongest implanted in man, that the mind seeks this sustenance as ardently as the body seeks food. There can be no doubt that the staggering amount of insanity and misery in modern life is due to the fact that we do not recognize privacy as a fundamental human need. Our congested manner of living, the doubling up of families during depressions, is responsible in part for our disturbing divorce statistics. As first lesson in woman’s matrimonial primer I would write James Stephens’ wise words: “Quietness is the Jbeginning of virtue. To be sile /is to be beautiful. Stars do not M&e a noise.”

/SEPT. 25, 1933

It Seems to Me -BY HEI’WOOD BROUN_

NEW YORK, Sept. 25.—8 y one of the strangest and most ironic quirks in American politics the present administration is being hampered gravely because it gave a post of responsibility to • a man a shade too scrupulous in his honesty. I refer to Harold L. Ickes. secretary of the interior. It is his iunction to pass around $3,300,000,000 in public works in order to reduce unemployment and stimulate buying power. An infinitesimal part of this has been taken from the till. Os course, it may be said that $3,300,000,000 is a vast sum and that it woud give anybody pause. And yet I venture to say that there are scores of men in either house of congress who would have it practically all spent by now. a a a New Spender Needed THE post of watchdog of the treasury is honorable and often acclaimed, but at the moment the type of individual needed is a Bct-You-a-Million Gates or a Coal Oil Johnny. Surely in a time of national emergency it will not do to have the purse string held by a gentleman who is inclined to sigh and say: “Bank! There goes another nickel!” Harold Ickes is so extraordinarily thrifty that he can not bear to spend even the government’s money. Two commentators on the Washington show were discussing the strange case of Ickes, and one said, “Well, I must admit that he has one limitation.” “Yea, said the other, “just one. He hasn’t any sense.” But this is an unfair statement of the situation. It fails to comprehend the background of the gentleman from Chicago. Ickes is a man who lived too late by many centuries. In another age he would have served to give Diogenes a night’s rest and a reduced bill in lantern hire. one Disqualified by Training EVEN in Chicago, Ickes was honest. He fought the grafters of the town and was one of the very few who failed to fall for Insull. It was a long fight and a bitter one. but in the end he got his man. Yet this very training, which made a reputation for Ickes and served to inspire nation-wide praise of his appointment, is the very thing that disqualifies him for his present position. He simply can not spend. He is so concerned lest a single dollar be employed in some shady way that he has disrupted the entire program by his inactivity. Caesar’s wife should be above suspicion, and I understand that there is a lovely country around those altitudes, but Ickes should not remain above the clouds with the lovely lady. It is time to get back to earth. Os course, this does not give the complete picture. If public works lag another watchdog of the treasury must take part of the blame. This time I refer to Controller General McCarl. ana Free Spender Vital Need M’CARL is not only honest, but he is a pedant for regular form, which is another way of saying “red tape.” He is a voucher hound and a precisionist. He will fight to the death over commas and the angle at which signatures are attached to documents. You may remember him as the man who waged a fearful fight as to whether Labor Secretary Frances Perkins should receive her checks in her own and more familiar name or as Mrs. Wilson. Some people interpreted this attitude as antifeminism. But that is not the point. McCarl probably has no opinion on the matter. He merely thought that it didn’t sound regular. I don’t know just what ought to be tone about the situation. The cabinet stands in vital need of a free spender. Presdent Roosevelt may have to call for volunteers. Or possibly that will not be necessary'. He might, for instance, simply close his eyes and pick any member of congress. (CoDvriftht. 1933. bv The Times)

I Remember

BY FAUGHN MANLOVE WHITE Yes, I remember the Great War; I was just old enough to go, then. I fought to end war! I remember the huge guns, The cold, rain, mud, gas . . . the noise, filth, fear, anger, cursing: The carnage— Groaning, shattered, bloody, dying men—the dead: The stench. The rats: The faces of those boys—mere boys —we killed: The hot flame through my side —my buddy blown to bits beside me— The endless wait for help the agony! I sit here in a government hospital, A gas victim, minus most of my right side. Oh, it was a damned fine war! I remember it clearly.

So They Say

Falling in love is by no means the most foolish thing mankind does—but gravitation can not be held responsible for that.—Professor Albert Einstein, German scientist. Market quotations show that the patient must not get up too soon and must beware of drinks of high speculative content. —Dean William H. Spencer of the University of Chicago. The rats are shooting from comers now. In other days when prohibij tion had dulled the public’s sense J of responsibility and officials were i not as stem as they should have been, the criminal had an easier ; time keeping out of prison.—Mayor Kelly of Chicago. More than 82,000 state and federal convicts, working for a few cents a day, wore in competition with free laboring men and women last year.—Frances Perkins, secretary of labor. I love Dave still.—Aimee Semple McPherson, evangelist.