Indianapolis Times, Volume 45, Number 30, Indianapolis, Marion County, 15 June 1933 — Page 12

PAGE 12

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THURSDAY. JUNE 15. 1933

DEBT DELAY

BOTH governments are responsible for the American-British deadlock over war debts. Publication of the latest London and Washington notes reveals that each government is speaking chiefly for political effect at home instead of seriously attempting a settlement. Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald made a bad blunder when he broke his promise not to inject the debt issue into the world economic conference. That, plus other British statements, has intensified congressional prejudices and made the task of handling the problem here more difficult. But larger blame attaches to the President for his evasion of this issue. Obviously, the President, in his heroic fight for domestic recovery, has had little time since March to mature a debt policy. But that opportunity was given to him early last winter, when President Hoover offered to name a commission of his selection. Mr. Roosevelt at that time held official debt conversations with the British ambassador, so it was no mere technical lack of authority which caused him to postpone conclusive negotiations, against the advice of those who foresaw' how busy he would be after March 4. Despite his statement last November that any debtor has a right to approach a creditor at any time for debt readjustment, despite his December and January negotiations with the British ambassador and his conversations in April with Prime Minister MacDonald, Mr. Roosevelt continues to delay a settlement. Indeed, in his press statement Wednesday night, the President said: “It seems the part of fairness and wisdom to postpone formal representations on the debt subject until later.” On the contrary, it sterns neither fair nor wise to delay. The British made their December payment on the specific understanding that it was provisional and that a final settlement would be attempted before the June payment was due. To that extent they properly can feel they have been tricked. They resent it and have a right to resent it. Now we rub it in, by proposing further indefinite delay. The President’s gracious interpretation that the British partial payment of $10,000,000 on the $75,950,000 due today does not constitute a legal default, does not cancel his failure to grant their repeated requests for definite and early negotiations. Congress, of course, is the rub. But the President has not been afraid to go to the mat with congress on other big issues; why on this one? As the President himself says in in his public statement and in his note to Great Britain, debt revision legally is in the hands of congress, and congress “specifically fc&s set forth that the debt should not be cancelled or reduced.” The only way to remove that prohibition is by congressional action, which in turn can be achieved only by the President carrying the fight for conditional reduction to congress and winning that fight. The method of indirection and evasion was tried by President Hoover and failed. In the summer of 1931, when the international situation demanded debt relief, just as now, President Hoover evaded his responsibility of presenting the matter to congress, allowed congress to adjourn, and then proceed without constitutional authority to grant a debt moratorium. Those questionable tactics w r ere responsible in large part to the defiant attitude of congress the following December. It ratified the unauthorized and extra-legal moratorium as an accomplished fact of six months' standing; but at the same time it voted against any future debt reduction. Those disastrous Hooverian tactips are about to be repeated. Congress in session on June 15. with debtors in partial and in complete default, is to adjourn without action on debts. Some time in the autumn the President may negotiate a settlement, which can not be effective until accepted by congress. But, meanwhile, the Dec. 15 payment day will have arrived, still without ample congressional opportunity to act, still without our debtors having any definite assurance of their status, and still without removing war debts as a continuing cause of world depression. We believe the President, following precedent, should appoint a bipartisan commission. including representatives of congress, to hear the pleas of our debtors, and that congress should be called back in special session to receive and act upon any agreements recommended by the President and commission. We believe that congress will deal fairly with the debt issue, provided congress is dealt with fairly. CHURCH GROWTH MEMBERSHIP in churches and religious bodies in the United States grew over a million in 1932, the Christian Herald reports. basing its report on figures accumulated by church statisticians. The million gain, the church publication says, is four times the gain in 1931. The total church membership in the country now is put at 60.886.000. or 47 per cent of the nation's population. The writer of the Christian Herald article quotes Albert Payson Terhune in explaining the reported return of thousands to the church. Terhune said: “The Nineteen-twen-ties are dead. The day of debunking is over. People are turning again to the home—partly

because they have not the spare cash to take them anywhere else, but chiefly for the motive which led the Biblical prodigal's tired steps back to his father's house when he had spent his all in ‘riotous living.’ “Government statistics show, too. a vast and steady return to churchgoing. Perhaps that Is due in part to the inability to spend so freely at a country club on Sunday morning and to purses too slim to afford an all-day motor ride, but chiefly it is due to that same impulse which made the sated and deadbroke prodigal cry, ‘I will arise and go to my father’.” Consolation and companionship—the solace of religion, the caress of the sermon and the hymn and of human presence, plus the club feeling which is one of the main drawing powers of churches. The depression-hit, feeling guilty, oppressed, bewildered, and out of cash, go back to church, their club. GOVERNMENT STANDS TEST 'P'EW congressional sessions in American history have seen more important work accomplished than the special session of this spring. And few’ have done more to enhance congress’ reputation. The congress that convened’ in extraordinary session last March came to Washington at a moment wTien representative government in this country was more unpopular, probably, than at any other time since adoption of the Constitution. People were afraid, people were angry, people were deeply distrustful. They knew that the country needed swift and drastic action, and they did not believe that congress was capable of furnishing it. If the President had refused to call a special session and ruthlessly had seized the legislative function for himself, it is probable that many Americans would have applauded. The President, of course, had no intention of doing any such thing. Congress convened, listened to what he had to say—and then proceeded to demonstrate that America’s representative government can function just about as efficiently and intelligently as the severest critic could ask. To be sure, congress made mistakes. It kicked over the traces now and then; it indulged in a last-round flare-up over cuts in veterans’ compensation. But in the main it played ball. It gave the President just about what he asked for, and it gave it to him fast. And this, perhaps, is as encouraging a thing as has happened all spring. Our whole system of representative government was on trial when this congress convened. People were impatient of delay, of protracted talk, of petty politics. If congress had failed, a profound shift in our democratic form of government would have been almost inevitable. Congress came through: and it came through, not because its members were finer, more patriotic men than the members of preceding congresses, but because the right kind of leadership was forthcoming from the White House. It proved that the legislative branch of a democratic government can work efficiently and speedily if the executive branch knows how to demand it. It justified our traditional faith in our representative democracy. HOT WEATHER / T'HE late Mark Twain is supposed to have said: “Everybody’s talking about the weather, yet nobody’s doing anything about it.” Dr. Shirley w. Wayne, New York City’s health commissioner, thinks you can do something about this hot spell that -arrived a good fortnight ahead of official summer. You can’t pass a law, but you can adopt some laws of your ow r n. They are: Avoid heavy, spicy, fat foods and eat plenty of fresh vegetables, plenty of fresh fruit, at least one cooked meal a day r , cheese frequently. Drink a quart of milk and four or five glasses of water, not too cold. (All this, if you don’t belong to the army of the unemployed, of course.) Get your coat of tan early, avoid sunburn. A few minutes of exposure a day will bring results. Exercise your body night and morning. Swimming in the open is best. v - Avoid overheating. Keep out of the sun’s hot rays. Remember the daily—or oftener—shower. Get eight full hours of sleep in a wellventilated room. Relax a few’ minutes every morning and evening and rest one hour before eating, if possible. TOSCANINI AND THE NAZIS leaders in Germany are enraged, ac--L^l cording to cable dispatches, because Arturo Toscanini, famous New York orchestra leader, has refused to conduct performances at this summer’s Wagnerian festival at Beyreuth. Toscanini canceled his contract because he opposes the Nazi anti-Jew policy. The interesting thing abuot it all is that the Nazis now are explaining to the German people that Toscanini “has not escaped the effects of the great and well-organized antiGerman propaganda.” That, of course, is one way of looking at It. But why can not these Nazi chieftains understand, or admit, that it is their own actions which constitute the greater part of this “anti-German propaganda”? When the Nazis came to power, Germany had more friends in foreign nations than at any time since the war. If she has lost a great many of them, the blame rests on what the Nazis have done, and not on any cookedup wave of propaganda. EUROPEAN BOYS SMARTER? STATEMENTS such as that made regarding American schoolboys by Dr. A. Lawrence Lowell, former Harvard president, in Philadelphia recently, are so.rare as to be shocking to the usual American opinion regarding our young ones. He said: “Schoolboys of this country are, as a rule, less advanced than those of Europe. They begin later and progress more slowly.” President Lowell blamed the physicians for advising parents not to send their children to

school too young and not to press them too hard when they get there. Americans, conscious of the tremendous material advancement achieved here through pioneering and constructive talents and genius, and proud of their fine and elaborate school establishments, assume that our education is more lively and effective. The difference apparently lies in the fact that in Europe education is directed more toward the leisurely living of life and less toward a great surging of material expansion. Therefore, it seems that while the American schoolboy may get less pure education than tys European fellow, he acquires, in or out of the schoolroom, a practical mental liveliness that served the American purposes of industrial conquest to date. We now are ready for an era of deeper education. We are embarking on new social adventures just as surely as our forefathers set out on untrodden and uncharted paths in the earlier days.’ In the great rebuilding task ahead of America, the better the training of the minds and intellects, the faster the progress and the quicker the adjustment of the population to change. OUR SAFER HIGHWAYS ■pOR the first time there is an indication that the American people are beginning to learn how’ to handle their automobile traffic safely. The National Safety Council points out that motor vehicle fatalities last year dropped for the first time since autos took to the highways. To be sure, fewer autos were being driven than in the year before; yet the reduction in traffic fatalities—about 13 per cent —was twice as great as the decrease in automobile travel, as gauged by gasoline consumption. Os course, one swallow doesn’t make a summer. The total of traffic deaths still is shockingly high; there is every reason to expect that it will continue to be so for many years. But it is encouraging to notice that we at least are making a start on the job of cutting it down. If we can continue with our safety campaigns, if we find new’ ways of regulating the flow of traffic, and if individual drivers come to recognize more clearly their responsibility, we should be able to reduce the toll a little each year. IT PAYS IN PENN YAN TF you rim across a resident of Penn Yan, N. Y., in the near future, don’t try to convince him that municipal power plants are either impractical or bad policy. For the Penn Yanner is apt to have in his pocket a receipted electric light bill for the month of May that didn’t cost him a cent. His city power plant made him a present of a month’s service free and sent his receipted bill along—for a souvenir. All the head-shaking and viewing-with-alarm in the world can’t talk aw’ay such tangible pocketbook evidence that public operation of a utility service has advantages never possessed by private, profit-making service. And one tow’n after another is learning this. J. P. Morgan announces he has about reached the age where he plans to retire. Luckily, New York state has an old age pension law’. Chicago announces that the invention of noiseless street cars with rubber w’heels. Now if somebody just would invent a noiseless saxophone, life would be complete.

M. E.Tracy Says:

SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY WILLIAM WOODIN has turned over to Attorney-Gen- | eral Homer Cummings some 10,000 names of I alleged gold hoarders. Os this number, 1,180 had been investigated up to June 9. Os the 1,180, 249 were found to be fictitious, or not at the addresses given; 444 furnished satisfactory evidence that they had surrendered their gold or w r ere accused wrongly; 408 had turned in a total of more than $6,000,000 before agents of the justice department called on them; and forty-two surrendered a total of $43,460 after being interviewed. That leaves thirty-seven individuals or organizations charged with holding an aggregate of $280,000 and the government has no choice but to prosecute them. The amount of gold involved is not consequential, but the principle represents an entirely new conception of constituted authority. Also it strikes at that sacred code of modern civilization—the gold standard. For 2,000 years gold has been accepted as the basis of value among nations, and as the basis of currency within nations, under normal circumstances. The amount of gold a government is able to keep on hand has come to be regarded as determining its solvency, as well as the stabilizing force back of its domestic money. tt tt tt CUSTOM, rather than law, has created the idea that governments must maintain adequate gold reserves. At the same time, people have insisted on the right to exchange money for gold. There being only 11 or 12 billion dollars’ worth of gold in the whole world, while the paper currency issued by various governments runs to three or four times that amount, it follows that if people were permitted to exchange other forms of money for gold, and if a season of stress should inspire them to do so, the gold reserves would be wiped out. Asa matter of record, that is precisely what w T as threatened by this depression and what would have happened if governments had not adopted drastic measures. A few governments have been able to retain .he gold standard, but only because of peculiar circumstances, or through such depreciation of their currency as made the gold standard meaningless. To call a spade a spade, the gold standard no longer exists. Gold does, however, and that serves only to complicate the problem. a u PEOPLE throughout the civilized world still believe in gold, not only because of its intrinsic value, but as the basis of a sound currency. They want their respective governments to be in possession of an adequate reserve. At the same time, they want the privilege of exchanging their silver or greenbacks for it. These two ideas are irreconcilable. You simply can not hold a commodity in reserve and guarantee its circulation in case of a panic. The supply of gold is too small in comparison to the volume of money required. As long as people associate gold reserves with governmental stability, they must concede the right of governments to protect the reserve against hoarders. Regardless of law. custom, or tradition, it is absurd to demand that the United States keep a \ certain amount of gold in its vaults, and at the same time assume that no restrictions on the, circulation of gold are necessary* 1

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

Scaring Them? By James O. Keeley. OFFICIALS of the United States veterans’ bureau are adopting a hard-boiled policy toward broken-down World war veterans, seemingly bent on scaring applicants, to make a record for economy.

Q. Can a workman put a lien on a man’s real estate for $2 or $3? A. Yes, but attorney’s fees and court costs would be far more than the amount of such bill. Q —What is the purpose of the lttle bow on the sweat band in a man’s hat? A—Hats used to be made in only a few sizes, and were fitted inside with a lining on a drawstring so that they could be tightened or loosened to fit the head. The bow inside is a relic of the old drawstring. Q—ls a man has lived in this country since childhood, and his father has become an American citizen, does that automatically make him a citizen or must he be naturalized? A—The fact that a person has had long continued residence in the country does not automatically make him a citizen. However, if the father becomes an American citizen before the child has attained the age of 21, the child is an American citizen by reason of the naturalization of the father, and does not have to take out citizenship papers when he becomes of age. Q-=-When did the United States government first issue “Greenbacks?” A—The first issue of “greenbacks,” or United States notes, was authorized by an act of Feb. 25, 1862. Earlier “demand notes” had been issued under authority of the acts of July 17, and Aug. 5, 1861. Q —Who was the first woman United States senator? A—Mrs. R. L. Felton of Georgia, who was appointed to the United States senate for two days to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Senator Tom Watson in the sixty-seventh congress.

FEW people realize the exceedingly intricate nature of the content of the blood and the valuable information that a competent investigator can obtain by study. The most elementary study of the blood includes, first, a determination of the number of red blood cells; second, the amount of hemoglobin, or red coloring matter; third, the number of white blood cells, and, fourth, an attempt to determine whether the blood coagulates or clots normally. There are, however, many other examinations which yield information of the greatest importance. There is, for example, a study of the volume of the blood and the relationship of the hemoglobin or red coloring matter of the total number of red blood cells. There is a differentiation of all white blood cells into many types. There is possible a counting of

I “ A LL infants might be prodigies | A. if they were properly hani died.” Such is the opinion of a well-known educator, to which we must cry, “Heaven forbid!” Imagine living in a world peopled by geniuses alone, where every baby was, an abnormal. ever been so fed up with the abstractions of intellec- ; tuals that you welcomed half an hour with an all-round moron? Did | you ever come home from a meet- ' ing of the Tuesday Culture Club i and sit down to enjoy a chat with ! Old Aunt Mandy, or someone like her at your house? Aunt Mandy doesn’t know a thing about metaphysics or ideologies or I cults. She barely can spell out her favorite Bible texts, but she’s a I great philosopher just the same, i Everything she knows she has •V

Why We Can't Get Ahead in This Game!

: : The Message Center : : I wholly disapprove of what you say and will defend to the death your right to say it.—Voltaire .

Questions and Answers

Blood Study Gives Valuable Information —t* BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN

: : A Woman’s Viewpoint : : —BY MRS. WALTER FERGUSON - -

Under the new act of congress, the veterans have no legal right to take any action involving the bureau for compensation due to disability incurred in the line of duty. I am forced to take $8 monthly. I served in the Second division, Twenty-third infantry, and was disabled in the line of duty.

Q —How many beauty shops and operators are there in the United States. A—lt is estimated that there are about 60,000 beauty shops averaging four employes each. Q—Why are precious stones used in watches? A—Because of their extreme hardness and resistance to wear. Q —Which three Presidents of the United States, whose first names began with “A,”’ did not attend school? A—Andrew Jackson, Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson. Q —ls the frequently quoted letter to Mrs. Bixby from Abraham Lincoln authentic? A—Yes. Q —Does the United States government supply a resident for the Vice-President of the United States? A—No. Q —Who won the award offered by C. Harold Smith for the best way to spend $10,000,000? A—Henry E. Garrett, assistant professor of psychology at Columbia university. Q —What is an interferometer? A—An instrument that makes use of the interference of light waves to measure very small differences in wave length. Q—What is the greatest speed ever attained by an aircraft? . A—lt is 463.26 miles per hour. Q—How many living words are in the English language? A—About 450,000. Q —ls the Dutch language high or low German? A—lt belongs to the low Frankish division of the low German, and is related closely to Flemish with which it now is practically identical in its WTitten form.

Editor Journal of the American Medical Association of Hygela, the Health Magazine.

the reticulocytes, giving to the physician definite information as to the rate at which the blood is regenerating itself and forming new red blood cells to replace those destroyed. In diseases of various types, it may be necessary to determine the number of platelets in the blood, since a lessened number is found not only in several types of anemia, but also in several types of purpura, a condition in which the patient bruises easily and bleeds readily. There is also the possibility of hemophilia, a condition in w’hich the blood fails to clot and in which it is possible for the patient to bleed to death quickly from a small w’ound. The determination chemically of

learned from life and her personal contacts with a few men and women. She stands flatfootedly, ironing her snowy linens, and presents a brave front to a somewhat hostile world. She endures her tribulations and injustices with a calm that would do credit to a Gandhi. She never is bitter, but accepts her lot with a sort of blind resignation filled with faith that everything will come out all right for her in the end. And what a comfort she is, solid, sage, wholesome amid a confusion of muddled modem ideas. a a TT7E admire, we revere the VV genius, perhaps because he is rare. But we never could live with a whole universe of his kind. Dead levels are dead levels, whether they

(Times readers are invited to express their views in these columns. Make your letters short, so all can have a chance. Limit them to ISO words or less.) By J. F. R. Shades of humanitarianism! Is someone trying to make a liar out of John Darmody for only 25 cents on the dollar? Mr. Darmody, official of a local brewery, is accused of paying his workers a 75cent wage for an eight and ten-hour day. This gentleman is indignant at these charges. A vehement denial is not only forthcoming from him; but he points with pride, by w’ay of refuting these charges, that he pays his employes not 75 cents a day but one w’hole American dollar of 100 cents for eight and ten hours of w’ork. The colossal irony of it! What can be his excuse for such “Chinese pre-w’ar” wages? This is not the case of a concern on its last legs attempting to cut to the bone to insure w’ork for the employes. The local brewery is engaged in producing a beverage that is in great demand. Such officials who take advantage of depression wages to satisfy their own insatiable greed are a good example of the term “bloated plutocrat.” If “Honest John” Darmody ever wonders why capitalism is failing, the answer lies in his own backyard!

So They Say

I love American shoes, but they hurt my feet.—Madame Debuchi, wife of Japanese ambassador to United States. a a tt We now’ are in position to say, with reasonable confidence if not with absolute finality, that mental disease can not be transmitted from one generation to another.—Dr. Henry A. Cotton, University of Maryland psychiatrist. a a tt I believe that civilization, as we have known it and enjoyed it, can not exist much longer unless the burdens which oppress mankind are lifted soon.—Robert W. Bingham, United States ambassador to England. u tt Good manners are not alw’ays, as people think, a matter of training. They are a matter of feeling.—Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt.

the presence in the blood of various ingredients, including sugar, protein, and similar materials, may be of greatest importance. Finally, it is possible to take, under sterile precaution, a specimen of the blood and submit it to treatment with culture mediums in incubators, to determine whether any bacteria are circulating in the blood. By all these investigations the physician is able to determine the nature of the blood and, from that nature, some understanding of its relationship to various diseases. Certainly the blood is the most important element in the human body, since it gives by its circulation nutrition to all tissues and serves at the same time to collect waste materials and poisons and to eliminate them from the body. Moreover, the w’hite blood cells attack and destroy bacteria and thus aid to keep the body in health.

are occupied by ordinary or extraordinary individuals. Trying to convert every little Johnny into a prodigy is one thing now wrong with American education. Cramming his head full of “stuff,” filling his brain with book learning, and teaching him less than nothing about life. Educating him so hard that he never will learn to use his hands. And, what’s infinitely worse, so that he will feel it is ignoble to labor at the simple necessary tasks. One never really learns anything out of a bock. All that sort of thing is artificial. We learn only by experimentation and by using our own minds, however feebly. One little idea, self developed, Is better than a hundred that come to us second hand. r.

-Tune is, rm

It Seems to Me “BY HEYWOOD BROUN =

NEW YORK. June 15 —I think the London conference has & chance, because even its friends ; hold out for it so little hope. A completely skeptical and cynical attitude would be tragic as an end result, but it is not necessarily a bad way to begin. The greatest failures have been scored at those very ; meetings where optimism came in i like a lion and left with a bleat. ; Particularly there is danger from the very' statesmen who profess too j great an eagerness for co-operation. 1 Ail too often has the world tripped over the tin haloes of men who proved to be messianic merely in j preambles. • urn Self-Preservation IT might be well to realize at the very outset that the nations of j the world are met together not out ! of any idealistic urge, but to combat the common danger of chaos and dissolution. It is easy to enumerate the obstacles which stand in the way of success. In fact, they are so bountiful that the blame for failure readily can go all the way around the table. Our own habit of professing a complete unselfishness in these affairs never has helped very much. Let us admit at the outset that we. too. belong to the universal fraternity of publicans and sinners. Once the coimcil table has been piled high with beams and motes, there should be a chance to get something done. When the clock strikes 12 everybody should be asked to unmask and give his right name and telephone number. If the rule is to apply even to distant commentators as well as participants, I must admit that my own cynicism is hardly as deep as a well or as wide as a grave. I think that the moment mankind ceases to pretend to virtues which it does not possess, it often show’s a not ungracious countenance. I am unwilling to accept the fact that the international relations of the world alw’ays must resemble a tale told by an idiot. That has been the way, but there is a difference between repetition and eternity. tt tt tt Follies of the Shrewd IHAVE ventured the opinion that some wo?ld leaders hurt the cause of co-operation by an undue willingness to classify themselves among the saintlike. But much damage has also be o n done at the other end of the table by those who fancied themselves as horse traders. The Versailles treaty, for instance, was a case in point. Wilson aimed too high and Clemenceau too low. so the result was a 'nodge podge of unrealized vision and downright depravity. And, in the light of later historical observation, I think it may be recorded that Clemenceau was nothing like as a smart as he believed himself to be. The critics and the commentators gave him the blue ribbon for astuteness. But the plain truth is that he outsmarted himself. He made a bargain for France w’hich has turned out to be too good for either peace or comfort. It was the notion that as soon as the documents were signed. France w’as forever to be free of nightmare fears. It has not been so. France remained an armed camp. Clemenceau’s tonic most distinctly did not cure his country of that prevalent ailment known as the national jitters. I hope and pray that at this conference nobody will try to be quite so clever. Let all concerned in the conference study history before they set out to make it. The triumphs of diplomacy have been, in most instances, no better than a basketful | of stinging adders. There is a disposition to say that if the present conference fails there is no hope for the W’orld. That seems to me too dogmatic an attitude. To be sure, rumbling noises can distinctly be heard under the crust of civilization. Time is precious, and yet even if the present conference takes so much as one single step toward international sanity, that will be a triumph. It is foolish, I think, to assume that all the pressing problems of the w’orld will be solved at this one meeting. I think it equally foolish to assume that even by the happiest chance not one gain can be scored. The very fact of debate is ever sa much better than nothing at all. a it tt One of the Dangers THE danger spots generally mentioned are the irresponsibilities of Hitler, the imperialism of France, the feebleness of England’s coalition cabinet and the truculence of Japan. All these are sandtraps, but I would mention still another. I think it may be labeled “the smugness of the United States.” If nothing comes of the conference it will not do to say, “Oh, those stupid foreigners!” There is no power great enough to grant us a divorce from the rest of the world on the ground of incompatibility. We must assume our owm share of the burden. tConvrlffht. 1933, bv The Times) Conscience BY JOHN THOMPSON I can not bear The torture of candles, The glow of their heavenly light Makes everything too gentle and dim, I want it brazen and bright.

Daily Thought —■ , Ji

For He took away the altars of the strange gods, and the high places, and broke down the images, and cut down the groves.—Chronicles 14:3. THE idol of today pushes the hero of yesterday out of our recollection and will, in turn, be supplanted by his successor of tomorrow.—Washington irvuig.