Indianapolis Times, Volume 44, Number 271, Indianapolis, Marion County, 23 March 1933 — Page 12

PAGE 12

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ttn> es ho \M Cu e Lvjht unit the People Will Find Their Own Way

THURSDAY. MARCH 23. 1933. SCIENCE’S QUEST FOR “TRUTH” TF you ever have felt that modern science has a cocksure and self-satisfied air about the body of knowledge it has amassed, you might heed the words of Dr. Harlow Shapley, director of the Harvard Astronomical observatory. Dr. Shapley predicts that "practically all current theories” are going to preve mortal before so very long. The axioms of today will be tiie abandoned and outgrown theories of tomorrow; and Dr. Shapley adds: “The only eternal verities at present are the enthusiasm back of hypotheses, the will to know, and the willingness to fumble as we learn to know.” This viewpoint, to be sure, is the general rule among scientists. But laymen often misunderstand it, and because they misunderstand it they sometimes resent what they feel Is a too dogmatic and inflexible attitude on the part of science. A proper understanding of it might save us from a good deal of our creepy dread of the rising of scientific knowledge. For it seems, now and then, as if the scientists were banishing mystery from the world. It seems as if science were about to say: "Thus and so was the world made, and you can make your religion and your poetry and all your dreams fit this framework or else you can discard them—it makes no difference, for this is the way things are.” Now that kind of talk is calculated to put cold shivers down the back of any thoughtful man. But it is precisely the kind of talk that the real scientist does not indulge in. He Is more likely to keep in mind Plato's great picture A dim cave, with man chained facing the inner wall, speculating fruitlessly on the shadows cast on the wall by beings who walk against the sun in the open air. The highest “scientific truths,” the greatest discoveries, are simply shadows. Today’s verities are tomorrow's discarded theories; there remains, as Dr. Shapley says, only "the will to know and the willingness to fumble as we learn to know. ’ SWEATSHOPS 'T'HE official organ of the United States labor department warns that even in communities where sweatshops had been driven out by law and public opinion, they now are slinking back, under cover of hard times. The five industrial states of Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Massachusetts are the blackest spots. The clothing industry is the worst offender. The working of children 16 and 17 years old under sweatshop conditions has increased 52 per cent in Massachusetts and 28$ per cent in Rhode Island. Some Connecticut factories were found to be working children eighty hours a week. "Illegally long hours, low pay, insanitary working conditions, violation of protective labor legislation and direct cheating of employes are among the conditions reported in certain industries which employ large numbers of children and other young workers,” the Monthly Labor Review says. "No locality has a monopoly on such conditions.” Factory owners who work children under sweatshop conditions should be scourged from industry by strict laws, strictly enforced. Child labor should be abolished outright by constitutional amendment. .Minimum wage and work hour limitation laws shculd be passed by the states. A conference of Governors called at Boston last January by Governor Ely went, on record for mandatory minimum wage laws for women and minors. And Governor Lehman, New York’s bankermanufacturer Governor, has demanded a state measure to halt the "evils of reckless wage reductions below the decent levels of subsistence.” '•’Minimum wage legislation would be a most stabilizing move,” says Miss Frances Perkins, the new United States labor secretary. "It would eliminate to a great extent the present situation in which fair-minded employers, willing to pay fair wages, are forced to compete with those who take advantage of the hunger of job-seekers to establish the lowest possible rates. "Progressive labor laws never cause a loss to Industry.” GIVE THE SCHOOLS A CHANCE GRAVITY of the crisis facing the nation's educational system was brought home forcefully to e er>’ parent in the city by the address of Paul C. Stetson, city schools superintendent, before the Kiwanis club Wednesday. Solid facts, backed by the country's leading educators, uphold his contention that many officials have gone far beyond the Unlit in their craze for economy. Waste in administration of many schools undoubtedly prevailed in the country's lush days, back in 1928 and 1929, but not to such extent that on the rebound it should be necessary to cut funds and facUities far below the Quick. Teachers’ salaries have been cut heavily in many states. Services which the educational system ill could spare have been eliminated. Night schools, the only hope of many young men and women in their quest for education, have been closed. In this city, during the conflict over the school budget, one faction even went so far as to advocate the elimination of health services in Indianapolis schools, dropping doctors and nurses from the pay roll, and cutting out health inspection. V-*. this connection, it Is interesting and in-

structive to think over the warning Issued by one oi the nation's prominent educators. "At the present rate, more public school children will go to hospitals for the insane than will go to colleges,” declares Professor C. E. Turner, of the department of biology and public health, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In his report to the American Physical Education Association, Professor Turner pleads that budgets for health and physical education be not reduced too drastically. "It might be absurd to say that physical education is a preventive of insanity,” he asserts, "but it is not far-fetched to say that teaching our people to play is one of the few important agencies through which we can combat that increasing pressure upon emotional and mental life. "Our people need play and relaxation now more than ever before,” he continues. "In the hospitals of the United States today are more patients suffering from mental diseases than from all other diseases combined.” Professor Turner ends with n warning against curtailing the regular health programs now holding an important place among school activities. "If we should abandon our health program, our city and consolidated schools would find themselves faced with an epidemic of communicable diseases at the beginning of each new term such as confronted city schools prior to 1890.” And in this connection, the city playgrounds should not be forgotten. A great work has been accomplished in past years at the recreation centers of Indianapolis and they are needed this year as never before, during the vacation season: TREES FOR WASTE LAND "IT THEN you look into the question of refor- ~ * cstation you begin to understand what a tremendous opportunity lies ready to be tapped by President Roosevelt's emergency unemployment relief plan. The President wants a quarter million men put to work on reforestation jobs; and while the primary motive, of course, is to hitch jobless men up with jobs, the reforestation idea in itself Is a project of tremendous potentialities. This nation once had 822,000,000 acres of forest. Now it has a little better .than 100,000,000 acres. At the present rate of cutting, this supply will be gone in two decades. Yet it has been estimated that we have approximately 310.000,000 acres of idle land which , could profitably be devoted to the raising of trees. Isn’t it high time we put those acres to work? UNCLE SAM’S JAILER TT is gratifying that one of the first actions •*- of President Roosevelt’s temporary attor-ney-general, Homer Cummings, was to reappoint Sandford Bates as federal prison director. In his four years as head of federal prisons, Bates has done a splendid job. He has eased the pressure of overcrowding, not only by building new prisons, but by wider use of paroles, probation and outdoor prison camps. He has displayed a leadership by building a new federal prison at Lewisburg, Pa., that fulfills just about every ideal of modern penology. Unsentimentally, he has labored to substitute science for revenge in the treatment of criminals. If the costly American penal system, which the Wickersham commission branded as a $100.G00,(X)0 failure, ever succeeds in curing crime, it will do so through the efforts of such men as Director Bates and Assistant Director Austin H. MacCormick. TENSION IN EUROPE ONE of the "frontier incidents” recently agitating Polish patriots along the PolishGerman border in Upper Silesia, according to current news dispatches, was the fact that a German flag, hoisted just two yards inside the German boundary, persisted in blowing out across the line, so that most of it—it evidently was a very big flag—floated over Polish soil. Polish residents protested, and the Polish border patrol wired headquarters to find out what they could do about this German flag which, hoisted on German soil, nevertheless was flying over Polish territory. It would be hard to imagine a more piffling cause for hard feelings. Yet the mere fact that an incident of this kind actually can arouse resentment give a graphic picture of the extreme tension prevailing along the frontier. If a people can be stirred to indignation because the end of a flag is blown across an international boundary, it is no wonder that Europe lives in deadly fear of another war. MORE THAN MR. M'TCHELL Ever since Charles E. Mitcnefi admitted to the senate investigating committee that he turned a 1929 net income of almost three million dollars into a paper loss, by a temporary "sale” of stock to his wife, the public has asked when he would be prosecuted for income tax evasion. President Roosevelt apparently got tired of waiting for an answer to that question, and personally ordered Mr. Mitchell's arrest and trial. The public effect has been good. There is less talk on the streets about one law for the poor, and another for the rich.” Mr. Mitchell, of course, deserves a fair trial. A man of his wealth, with high-powered lawyers looking for loopholes in the law and means of delay, usually has little difficulty in getting all the legal breaks coming to him—and more. The irony of this case is that Mr. Mitchell is to be tried for the relatively unimportant offense of tax evasion and not for the larger offense of high finance racketeering as head of the National City bank. It is reminiscent of the legal action against Alphonse Capone. The two-thirds of a million dollars which Mr. Mitchell failed to pay the government in taxes seems like a lot of money, but it is small change measured by the losses to the public from the Mitchell brand of banking and security promotion. It is important that Mr. Mitchell be punished under any law that can be found which he was not clever enough to technically. It is also important that Mr. Mitchell not become the scapegoat by which others escape their share of the responsibility. But far more important than the punisfl-

ment of any guilty person is basic reform of the banking system which not only protected, but encouraged, financial racketeering. An emotional campaign of personal villification against the Mitchells and the Insulls may make us feel better for the moment, but it will not get us anywhere. Until we actually change the banking and corporation setup in such way as to protect the public instead of the pirate, there always will be plenty of Mitchells and Insulls In power. So long as we want the luxury of shouting for "rugged individualism" and “no government interference with business,” we should take the disastrous consequences without whining and without cursing those who played us for suckers at our own invitation. The new deal in finance involves far more than the arrest or conviction of Mr. Mitchell or any ether individual. France is perturbed over growing popularity of the accordion, which is displacing flutes and other native instruments among the peasants. They needn’t be. Wait until they get the saxophone. In this spring a young man’s fancy lightly turns to thoughts of unrestricted checking balances, double liability, and deductions for minor dependents. A poet’s work is but the reflection of his mind, says one of them. Maybe that accounts for all the blank verse. We don’t mind paying the fiddler after our economic spree of the last few years, but are we going to have to pay the whole blooming orchestra? Man stole a large quantity of raw rubber from an Akron tire factory the other day. Never mind. He’ll probably be doing a stretch soon. Montague Norman, governor of the Bank of England, gets a salary of just under 'slo,ooo a year. But of course he doesn't have to bother about running any security affiliates. Seattle safecracker hammered at the safe of a produce company, failed to open it, and took a quantity of onions instead. From the strong box, we suppose. Japan is buying up old ships all over the world for scrap. Papers gave us the impression they had plenty of scrap on their hands already, and nearer home. Hope Mr. Roosevelt gets the banking sitution all cleared up very soon so we can get down to something important, like Gene Sarazen’s eight-inch golf cup. Back in 1929 it used to be "tw’o cars in every garage.” Now it will be two cases in every pantry. Acting Comptroller of the Currency Anwalt, quizzed by newspaper men in the recent rush to reopen the banks, muttered “We’re snowed under! We’re snowed under!” With frozen assets. More than 14,000 telegrams piled in on President Roosevelt in twelve days. At least the telegraph companies are getting anew deal. More gold was dug from the ground in 1932 than in any other year. But less from big butter-and-egg men. To Franklin Roosevelt, April showers bring new powers. The thirteenth hardly can be considered an unlucky day any longer, since it was on March 13 that the banks began to reopen.

M.E.TracySays:

AMERICAN life has been characterized by a strange admixture of brutality, loose thinking and idealism since 1914. Gang rule has sprung into being amid the cries for world peace, crooning has emerged from jazz, and art has fled to the jungle, while museums parade old masters. Gambling for pennies in the back alley has been punished, while gambling in Wall Street ior millions was allowed to exhaust the national credit. Men who never would think of cheating a neighbor have grafted on the public without qualm or scruple. Honesty has come to be regarded as a matter of technique, rather than principle. Philanthropy, as we call it. has led to a violent outbreak of the "gi’mes” and organized generosity has led to a curious belief that life is good only because of what the individual can get from society. System has taken the place of personality, with mass emotionalism mistaken for mass thinking. non r V'HE development of commercialized sport and -1 recreation has made people hopelessly dependent on the pay check for their pleasure, while the passion for merger and combine has coagulated wealth into great pools. Through some inexplicable weakness, the most expensive educational system ever devised has brought on a perceptible lowering of selfconfidence and self-reliance. The American people have been sold thoroughly on the desirability of seeking expert advice with regard to every little detail. The more they study, the more they seem to feel the need of it. You almost can trace this depression to the simple fact that the vast majority of men and women in this country had ceased to think for themselves, though perfectly willing to admit that they represented the highest level of intelligence ever attained. Review international politics, and you will find that the American people have been minding everybody’s business but their own since the war broke out; that they have been ready with plans for the world in general, as well as a vast number of nations in particular. non REVIEW domestic politics, and you will find a similar attitude prevailing. We have spent a deal of time shouting at one another, whether across seas, or merely across the street. The result is that we have had too little time loft for putting our own affairs in order and that the inclination to do so gradually has given way to the easier job of watching and criticising someone else. Such a condition has made it possible for small, well-organized minorities to run the show and take the gate receipts. During the last twenty years, we have developed an amazing amount of machinery’ through which to express public opinon, but all the while our country has come to be dominated more and more by oligarchies, which function effectively through their supposed power to control money, or votes. The secret of it all is lack of personal interest, lack of that old-time courage and resourcefulness which inspired men to think for themselves.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

(Times readers are invited to express their views in these columns. Hake your letters short, so all car, have a chance. Limit them to 250 words or # less.) By Dan Newh?.rt. I am a reader of everything that has ideas and views regarding the condition with which this country at present is haras-ect. It is deplorable that in this land of plenty we are in the midst of starvation. The theories and plans of these who would better conditions invariably evade the fact that the purchasing power of the masses produces and maintains all lasting w-ealth. To my way of thinking, any form of government will work if the people themselves work. The measure of prosperity is entirely controlled by the measure of wages. It also is true that no government, if its subjects are not creating some form of wealth, can endure. Confidence, the restoration . of which seems to be the cure-all prescribed by the ruling, bodies to break up the depression, has never, in the sixty years of my life, created, in itself, any honest wealth. In my opinion, honest wealth has not been created by interest on money, either paid or received. All wealth created in such manner is usury and therefore becomes a social liability. It should be treated as usury and abolished. Only the wealth created by labor can endure if a country will progress. It should not and does not require such rare Intellect as constitutes our congress to understandand realize this fact. Why does our congress have to consult with our bankers and financiers to tell them the best way out, inferring that the whole sad mess is the fault of the financial institutions themselves, when congress is responsible for the conditions that now exist. They tell us now that lack of confidence is the germ responsible for our financial illness and you and I know just what destroyed that confidence, just because we are not willing meekly to sit back and gaze with aw r e at the seats of

THE masculine memory is so short that it ofen needs prodding. So let me remind the first gentleman who rises to assert that women have stolen men's jobs that he is telling but one-half of the story. For long before we emerged from our kitchens, in search of occupation, the men had invaded our realm and grabbed most of our work. The things that girls learned at home and did at home used to be spoken of as “women’s work.’’ It was considered undignified for men to participate in them. And at the same time it was thought unwomananly for a girl to aspire to a masculine trade or profession. But let us see what happened. Whenever a man felt a hankering to busy himself with a domes'c task, he always could avoid unpleasant gossip and titterings by giving it anew name and moving it away from the home environment.

\„\ ci L' MW

: : The Message Center : :

Smallpox Still Rates as Menace

ALTHOUGH well over a hundred years have passed since the efficacy of smallpox vaccination in preventing that disease was demonstrated, there continue to be considerable numbers of such cases in various parts of the world to which the information either has not penetrated or else not been recognized and practically established. During 1931 and the first half of 1932, certain countries of the world were without a case of smallpox; namely, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Danzig, Denmark, Switzerland, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Scotland, and .Yugoslavia. Apparently there still are three important foci of smallpox in Europe. 1. Soviet Russia, in which the disease in its unusually severe form seems to be on the increase, although there was a considerable

: : A Woman’s Viewpoint : :

Spring Song!

Explain This Vote By Frederick E. Jackson YOUR editorial, "Fair Enough, Senator.” should cause every thinking advocate of democracy to pause for a moment to consider whether we have in this congressional district representative form of government. We hear much talk about "back to party responsibility.” What are people to do when their congressional representatives repudiate their party platform? Citizens accept the declaration of principles laid down in the platform of their party. When there is no statement, the representative has a right to use his own judgment, but when elected upon a definite statement of principles, he has one of two courses—to vote for fulfillment of the party’s platform or to resign from office. People of Indianapolis should demand an open explanation from their congressional representive on his vote against the change in the Volstead law or his resignation from office.

the mighty wherefrom the wealth of the country has been dissipated, just because we are loath to see the wealth which the worker has made possible thrown recklessly to the four winds, then we lack confidence. Why has it been destroyed and for what purpose would it be used if regarded as a means whereby they could produce wealth with it? It is true that confidence is necessary that this great financial system built up by the master minds be maintained, but it is also true that confidence will not relieve the suffering and unemployment that now exists and has existed for three years. Employment for all at a living wage will create confidence just as sure as morning comes, but we can have no feeling of confidence on an empty stomach. Creation of unnecessary employment at a low wage will not solve our difficulty. With mass production and improved machinery, allowing for

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN

Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hvreia, the Health Maeazine. reduction in smallpox in Russia in the years following the war. 2. In England a mild type is present and diminishing. During the first thirty-two weeks of 1932, there were 1.712 cases, more than half of which occurred in the London area, as compared with 4,784 cases during the corresponding period of 1931. The third focus in Europe covers Spain and Portugal, with a mild form of the disease in Spain and a much more severe type in Portugal. Apparently also, the disease is on the increase in these countries. As an example of what can happen in a country in which vaccination is not enforced, there were 88.380 cases in British India in 1931, with nearly 19.000 deaths. On the North American conti-

B 1 MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

TF he liked cooking, he couldn’t very well go into the kitchen and do it because that w r ould bring disgrace upon his head, but he could set himself up somewhere as a chef. The first gentleman—whoever he may have been—who felt the urge to sew got around his difficulty by opening a shop and calling himself a tailor.

Questions and Answers Q —" What are the home addresses of Jo#n Crawford and Dorothy Jordan? A—Miss Crawford, 724 Bristol avenue, Brentwood, Los Angeles; Miss Jordan, Playa Rel Rey, Cal. Q—Do spiders hibernate during the colder months? A—Yes.

shorter working hours and enjoyable wages, this condition can be changed to one insuring a universal and lasting prosperity. Prohibition is not an issue as they would lead us to believe and even if it might be it is easily solved now Take all the profit out of it This is not hard for the average mind to grasp Consequently, I for one, am asking for not only anew deal, but a whole new deck of cards, dealt from the top, face up, so the public be spared the uncertainty of guessing the hole-card Expose that which is concealed and you may have my confidence

So They Say

I have been fantastically misunderstood.—Former Mayor Walker, discussing wife's suit for divorce. Unless the poorer fanning districts of this country have aid soon, by means of a federal tax or otherwise, from the richer urban and industrial centers, our rural school system will collapse. —William J. Cooper, United States commissioner of education. There is one gesture we can make. In that way France could show she did not refuse, but only deferred, the debt payment last December . . . and at the same time prove her desire to help the Americans.—Former Premier Edouard Herriott of France. And all it (anew dress) cost—let me see, about $4.50 for the material and $3 to make.—Mrs. John Garner, wife of the VicePresident. It is important to open the banks, but it is more important to keep them open after they’re opened—Senator Connally of Texas. We have a leadership whose face is lifted toward the sky.— Representative Seagall of Alabama.

nent, Mexico is the most important focus of virulent smallpox. There were 9,971 deaths in Mexico from this disease in 1931. In Canada and in the United States the incidence of smallpox is falling and the number of deaths increasingly lower. There are certain states in the United States in which the smallpox rates are much higher than in others. Much depends on the extent to which the population has been educated as to the value of smallpox vaccination. Much depends also on the extent to which vaccination is opposed by various groups in the community. California continues to have apparently the highest rate for smallpox. both in the number of cases and in the number of deaths, of any state in the United States.

And when men took up the profession of midwifery—which once was exclusively feminine —they became obstetricians. In short, without any sort of by-your-leave, men have helped themselves to all of our jobs—save one: Having babies. Presently, too, we find them busily occupied in transferring home industries into the business areas Not, mind you, because women were too lazy to work, but beeause men decided more money could be made that way. So bread was made in bakeries and washing was done in laundries and fruits and vegetables were canned downtown and dresses shirts and underwear were produced in factories. Even the making of baby clothes became a big business enterprise. These are a few of the reasons why men should think twice before they grouch about women in offices.

MAKCH 23. 1933 ,

It Seems to Me

-= BY HEYWOOD BROUN =====

FOR the first time in a great many months, not to mention years, a large number of people in the United States are pleased with the manner in which the government is functioning. Those who disagree in whole or in part with the plans of the administration are forced to admit that it has operated with a high degree of speed and efficiency. Yet, strangely enough, that much belabored institution, democracy, has received very little credit for these newly revealed potentialities of celerity and scope. "What did I tell you?” says the follower of Mussolini, and all the disciples of dictatorship of various brands are seeking to prove the validity of their particular technique by citing the name and fame of Franklin D. Roosevelt-. The Communists, of course, like nothing which he has done; but, still, they pay him the left-handed compliment of asserting that he has succeeded in setting up a Fascist regime to sharpen the class war and preserve a tottering capitalism. non It Isn't So, Yet AND. yet. this very'general acceptance of the fact in various quarters that we are living for good or ill under a dictatorship wars with the plain facts. The Democratic scheme hac not been abandoned. In the first place. Franklin D. Roosevelt did not come into power through a march on Rome, through the vacillation of a Kerensky, or by means of privately organized shock troops. Nobody can question the fact that he was chosen by the will of a vast majority of the voters duly expressed at the polls. To be sure, the extent of his sweep gave him heightened power and prestige at the very beginning, but it is inevitable in any form of democracy s hat no administration founded upon 51 per cent or less of the electorate can possibly move as powerfully as the leadership which receives a clearer mandate. There is nothing dictatorial in the faci that much important legislation was adopted quickly. It is. unfortunately, true that democratic processes sometimes make for delay, but it does not follow that the most perfect democracy is the one which takes the longest time to make up its mind. The liberties of the people are not preserved in any way by the right of filibuster. It will be easy to point out any number of occasions upon which a stalwart minority battled valiantly for the right and defeated vicious legislation by talking it to death. But this system can and has been used just as freely by minorities which fought against measures which were right and proper. non Vote! Vote! Vote! INDEED, the most fundamental cornerstone in a democracy is the provision that a show of hands rather than a show of lungs must decide the fate of each pressing problem. And so neither the senate nor the house sacrificed anything vital in agreeing to boil down debate upon emergency measures. Let it not be forgotten that there was debate, some of it sharp and acrimonious, on every bill which was passed. And it seems to me that dissent can be just as powerful if expressed in a fifteen-minute speech instead of an address of fifteen hours. Indeed, I think that the reasons advanced against some of the legislation desired by the President are more clearly understood from the very fact that they were uttered concisely. The right of congressmen to vote has not been abridged. It is true that the house passed the banking bill without taking very much trouble to study its provisions. But it hardly can be said that dictatorship has been established when a large legislative body yields unanimous consent. In so doing the house did not set a precedent which it was bound to follow from that time forth. It broke away to furnish some decidedly stiff opposition in the matter of the economy bill. *t n n The Case of Borah /L ND in the matter of democracy 1 *- 1 can to your attention to tho case of Senator Borah, long an advocate of strict constitutionality. Senator Borah at the moment of writing has voted against every measure introduced during the Roosevelt administration. And he has spoken against most of them. If this were actually a dictatorship a file of police or soldiers would have removed the eminent statesmen by now and sent them to death or exile. To be sure, Senator Borah has spoken eloquently against the beer bill, on the ground that it constitutes a nullification of the Constitution. T Many excellent constitutional lawyers are of the opinion that it is perfectly legal, and surely there is precedent for congress taking the attitude that its function is legislative and not judicial. As in many other instances the supreme court will have its chance to decide. It may uphold Senator Borah or reverse him, but in either case he will have to admit that the due processes of our particular kind of democracy have been complied with. Great Wall BY BERTRAM DAY' For fifteen hundred miles o'er hills and dales The Wall of China winds Its twisting form; It climbs five thousand feet to meet the gales. And threads through valleys where the winds are warm. Three centuries before the Christian age The Chinese men constructed this great wall To guard their borders from the Tartar’s rage; It stands a monument to freedom’s call! Its cost would pay for all the roada on earth, Its stones would build the homes of Britain's isles; It gave to engineering science birth And set for masonary its many styles. This ancient rampart long preserved Cathay : But has no value for defense todajv